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    Computational Fluid Dynamics : March 5

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    Tatenda Nyabadza
    This document provides information about a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) course including: 1) Details about demonstrations of licensed CFD software packages to be held on March 7th and registration information. 2) An overview of the Finite Difference Method for computationally solving governing equations including discretization of the domain, changing differential equations to algebraic equations, and treating internal and boundary nodes. 3) An example problem of heat transfer through a chimney wall using the Finite Difference Method, showing the algebraic equations derived for various internal and boundary nodes.

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    Computational Fluid Dynamics : March 5

    Uploaded by

    Tatenda Nyabadza
    23 views29 pages
    This document provides information about a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) course including: 1) Details about demonstrations of licensed CFD software packages to be held on March 7th and registration information. 2) An overview of the Finite Difference Method for computationally solving governing equations including discretization of the domain, changing differential equations to algebraic equations, and treating internal and boundary nodes. 3) An example problem of heat transfer through a chimney wall using the Finite Difference Method, showing the algebraic equations derived for various internal and boundary nodes.

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    Lecture March 5th

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    This document provides information about a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) course including: 1) Details about demonstrations of licensed CFD software packages to be held on March 7th and registration information. 2) An overview of the Finite Difference Method for computationally solving governing equations including discretization of the domain, changing differential equations to algebraic equations, and treating internal and boundary nodes. 3) An example problem of heat transfer through a chimney wall using the Finite Difference Method, showing the algebraic equations derived for various internal and boundary nodes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views29 pages

    Computational Fluid Dynamics : March 5

    Uploaded by

    Tatenda Nyabadza
    This document provides information about a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) course including: 1) Details about demonstrations of licensed CFD software packages to be held on March 7th and registration information. 2) An overview of the Finite Difference Method for computationally solving governing equations including discretization of the domain, changing differential equations to algebraic equations, and treating internal and boundary nodes. 3) An example problem of heat transfer through a chimney wall using the Finite Difference Method, showing the algebraic equations derived for various internal and boundary nodes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 29

    COMPUTATIONAL FLUID

    DYNAMICS (MKM411)
    Prof. M. Sharifpur
    mohsen.sharifpur@up.ac.za

    March 5th
    Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
    University of Pretoria

    2019
    Thursday Mach 7th (12:30-14:20)
    Demonstrations on our licenced
    CFD software packages (ANSYS
    FLUENT, STAR CCM+ and
    FLoEFD)
    Registration for the software
    packages will be after the
    demonstrations
    Finite Difference Method (FDM)
    Computational Solution

    Finding;
     - Governing (Differential) Equations
    - Initial & Boundary Conditions

     Discretization of the Domain

    Internal Nodes
     Changing Differential Eqs. and
    to Algebraic Eqs. Boundary Nodes

     Solving the system of Algebraic equations


    Finite Difference Method (FDM)
    Internal Nodes

    Differential Eqs.

    Diff. Eqs. to
    Algebraic Eqs.

    Boundary Nodes

    Boundary
    Conditions

    All sides
    Q  Egen,element  0
    Algebraic equations instead of differential Eq.
    For first order  ,  ,  in the case of 1D d , d , d
    x y z dx dy dz
    df  x  f f  x  x   f  x 
     lim  lim
    dx x 0 x x 0 x

    df  x  f  x  x   f  x 

    dx x

    In the case of 3D
    f ( x, y, z ) f ( x  x, y, z )  f ( x, y, z )

    x x
    f ( x, y, z ) f ( x, y, z ) f ( x, y, z  z )  f ( x, y, z )
    ? 
    z z z
    d 2T ( x)
    2
     ? for 1D
    dx

    d 2T ( x) T ( x  x)  2T ( x)  T ( x  x)

    dx 2
    x 2

     2T ( x, y, z )
    ?
    y 2

     2T ( x, y, z ) T ( x, y  y, x)  2T ( x, y, z )  T ( x, y  y, z )

    y 2
    y 2
    Example:
    Example: A chimney
    Inside: Convection
    Ti  300 oC , hi  70 W/m 2 .o C
    Outside: TO , hO
    Convection + Radiation
    TO  20 oC , hO  21 W/m 2 .o C
    Tsky
    Tsky  260 K
    Inside Flow Section:
    20 cm x 20 cm TO , hO TO , hO
    Ti , hi
    Wall Thickness: 20 cm Tsky Tsky
    if x  y  10 cm
    k  1.4 W/m. o C and   0.9
    Using the advantage of TO , hO
    symmetry to find:
    Temp. at all Nodes by FDM Tsky
    In the Representative Section:
    How many internal nodes do we have?
    Only one; Node 4

    It can change to 3; Nodes 3,4 & 5

    How many nodes do they


    have the same conditions ?

    Only Two; Nodes 7 and 8

    Therefore, Simplified by
    using axis of symmetry
    Simplified by using
    axis of symmetry
    Node 1


    All sides
    Q  eVelement  0

    Taking x  y  l
    Node 2

    All sides
    Q  eVelement  0

    Taking x  y  l

    No heat transfer from 2 to 5


    Nodes 4 (Interior node)
     T T T T    2T  2T  2T 
    c  u  v  w     k  2  2  2   e
     t x y z   x y z 

    Steady , Cond . , 2 D and e  0 

    x  y

    Node 4 : T3  T5  T7  T2  4T4  0
     T   
    2 2T
     2 T
    T m 1,n Tm ,n 1  2Tm ,n  Tm ,n 1  
    if e  0  k  k  T
      em ,n  0
      2 x 2 2   e  0
    m 1, n m , n

      x y  y 2

    Nodes 3,4 and 5 (Interior nodes)

    Node 4 : T3  T5  T7  T2  4T4  0
    Node 3 : T4  T4  T1  T6  4T3  0
    Node 3 : 2T4  T1  T6  4T3  0
    Node 5 : T4  T8  T4  T8  4T5  0
    Node 5 : 2T8  2T4  4T5  0
    Node 6

    All sides
    Q  eVelement  0

    Taking x  y  l

    Nonlinear equation
    (T6  273) 4
    Node 7 
    All sides
    Q  eVelement  0

    Taking x  y  l
    Node 8

    All sides
    Q  eVelement  0

    Same conditions of node 7


    45, 67, 78 & 89
    Node 7

    Node 8
    Node 9


    All sides
    Q  eVelement  0

    Taking x  y  l
    Whenever we have radiation then the Temp.
    must be in Kelvin for radiation part (T  273)

    Is this a system of Linear or Nonlinear equations?


    Two ways for solving;
    First, because of the number of the nodes is 9
    We can use an equation solver
    Simplified by using
    axis of symmetry
    Tair = 20 ºC & Tsky = -13 ºC

    Tair = 20 ºC Tair = 20 ºC
    300 ºC Tsky = -13 ºC
    Tsky = -13 ºC

    Tair = 20 ºC & Tsky = -13 ºC


    Second Way , changing the nonlinear equations
    to linear and then with iteration finding the answer

    For Example for Node 7

    (T74 ) K  (T7  273) 4  (T7  273)(T7  273)3

    (T )  (T7  273)  (T7  273) (T7  273)


    4 4 3
    7 K
    
    From Pr evious iteration
    A  (T7  273)
    P 3

    (T )  (T7  273)  A (T7  273)


    4
    7 K
    4 P
    Now , we have a system of linear equations and
    then we can solve it with Gauss-Seidel iteration

    You should iterate till no changes in the answers


    n
     new previous 
      Ti  Ti

    i 1 
     

    First choose a bigger 


    Iterative method;

    S 0  b0T1
    Node 0  a0T0  b0T1  S 0 T0 
    a0

    Node 1  a1T0  b1T1  c1T2  S1 T1  F (T2 )

    Node 2  a2T1  b2T2  c2T3  S 2 T2  F (T3 )


    .
    .
    TM 1  F (TM )
    .
    Node M  aM TM 1  bM TM  S M TM  ...
    Whenever the number of nodes are a lot we will do the
    iteration for x-direction first and then for y and z.
    After z again x, y, z …..until Converge.
    Example: y

    x  y  10cm

    Base on Finite Deference Method derive the algebraic


    equation for the boundary nodes 1 and 9 in order to
    find an expression for T1 and T9 if there is a heat
    generation in the solid as 10000(x+y) W/m³.
    First, the coordinate must be given
    Node 1 x  y  10cm


    All sides
    Q  eVelement  0

    How many terms must be included? 5


    x T3  T1 y 2y
    k ( )  hl (Tl  T1 )  ht (Tt  T1 ) 
    2 y 2 2
    2y 4
      (TSky  T14 )  Velement eelement  0
    2
    1 x y
    Velement  . (1)  0.00125 m 3 ,
    2 2 2
    eelement  10000( x  y ) W 3  10000(0  4y ) 
    m
     10000(0  0.4)  4000
    Velement eelement  5W
    Node 9 x  y  10cm


    All sides
    Q  eVelement  0
    How many terms must be included? 6 or 8
    T8  T9 T14  T9 T10  T9
    k y ( )  k x ( )  k y ( )  ht y 2(Tt  T9 ) 
    x y x
    y 2(TSky
    4
     T94 )  Velement eelement  0

    3
    Velement  x.y (1)  0.0075 m 3
    4
    eelement  10000( x  y ) W 3  10000(2x  2y ) 
    m
     10000(0.2  0.2)  4000

    Velement eelement  30W

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