FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE AND

POLICY STUDIES

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
ADS 503

LECTURER:
DR. FARAH ADILLA

ASSINGMENT

PREPARED BY :
NORMARLINI ROSLAN 2015673082
GROUP: MAMA 9 SEPTEMBER 2019
 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ADS 503
ASSINGMENT
JANUARY 2018

PART B
SET 1
QUESTION 3
Defined Learning Organization & identified 4 areas of group culture relevant to a
learning organization.

Answer:

Learning organizations is organizations where people continually expand their capacity to

The basic rationale for such organizations is that in situations of rapid change only those that
are flexible, adaptive and productive will excel. For this to happen, it is argued, organizations
need to ‘discover how to tap people’s commitment and capacity to learn at all levels’ (ibid.:
4).

Areas that can be seen to foster learning that would create a group culture: -
1. Social integration: where manager learns how to integrate into a new group (how to
cope with norm / conformity) and makes trade-offs between maintaining personal
identity and relating to the group norms

2. Personality and learning from previous cultures: where personality traits and
style preference towards creativity and leadership influence adaptation. Seeking a
working structure that is comfortable – to learn and adapt the new environment

3. Developing defensive approaches: individuals and groups learn how to hide the
thinking behind the key ideas. The paradox of wanting groups to be chaotic and
confrontational while seeking cohesiveness on work approaches – try to get
consensus ideas and decision, collective ideas and decision making

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4. Critical incidents: the use of rationalizations on historic events in order to develop
best practice for the group. The danger of continuing to use outdated and
inappropriate models (dynamic and responsive)

5. Impacts of the founders and key leaders: how the culture promoted by the founder
may become inappropriate as the environment and the enterprise itself changes
(culture can be changed as the environment)

6. Impact of reward system: how financial, job, status and career aspirations are used
as rewards areas and how this influences culture – there must be a platform for
rewarding systems that can motivate and enhance group culture

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QUESTION 1
SET 2

ANSWER:

QUESTION 3: JUNE 2019

Discuss any four (4) types of human capital (20marks)

Human capital defined as all human abilities, knowledge, skills and abilities of the
people employed in an organization to be either innate or acquired which are valuable by
appropriate investment. (Schultz,1981). While in human capital theory also stated that
individuals who invest in education and training will increase their skill level and be more
productive than those less skilled, and so can justify higher earnings as a result of their
investment. Schooling raises earnings and productivity mainly by providing knowledge, skills
and a way of analyzing problems. (Becker,1993)

a) Human Capital
1.Thinkers, inventors and innovators
2.Not money nor the machines.
3 Hired mind, not hired hand
4.Organizational, not individual.

According to knowledge management advocates, placing the hired minds at the core
through correct knowledge sharing practices is the answer to organisational dysfunctions.
Human capital can be spawned in the organisation. This can be achieved when the following
are in place, Organization uses more of what people know more people know more stuff that
is useful to the organization. The two points are significant because: first, using more
knowledge of the people will enhance the intellectual capital in terms of creating new
knowledge and innovations. At the same time, the people’s knowledge continues to grow
and improve. McKinsey and Company obviously manage to develop the intellectual capital
to gain the trust of its customers, in which finance and budgeting is an important indicator of
a companies’ economic performance.
Second, despite using their skills and knowledge for the organisation, the
people still possess more of them that can be of use in the future.
In knowledge creation organisation, human capital needs to be built so that the people
would stay loyal to the organisation. These are achieved by the organisation through

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establishment of communities of practice, recognition of their importance and provision of
resources. Once established, the organisation must sustain the human capital.
ownership of human capital is via creation of membership communities, association and
sharing of their intelligence and rewarding them based on their commitment to the goals of
the organisation

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QUESTION 3
SET 3

ANSWER:

QUESTION 3: JUNE 2019

a) Differentiate between the “internet” and the “intranet”. (10 marks)

  The Internet is a worldwide network that uses the client/server model of computing
and the TCP/IP network reference model. Every computer on the Internet is assigned a
unique numeric IP address. The Domain Name System (DNS) converts IP addresses to
more user-friendly domain names. Worldwide Internet policies are established by
organizations and government bodies, such as the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) and the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Major Internet services include e-mail, newsgroups,
chatting, instant messaging, Telnet, FTP, and the Web. Web pages are based on Hypertext
Mark-up Language (HTML) and can display text, graphics, video, and audio. Firms are also
starting to realize economies by using VoIP technology for voice transmission and by using
virtual private networks (VPNs) as low-cost alternatives to private WANs. An Internet service
provider (ISP) is a commercial organization with a permanent connection to the Internet that
sells temporary connections to retail subscribers. For example, in Malaysia Tm Unifi, Maxis
Home broadband and many more are some of multibillions company in Malaysia that
provided service of internet for public in the country. Individuals also connect to the Internet
through their business firms, universities, or research centers that have designated Internet
domains
Intranet in other hand, is a concept refers to a system whereby a group of computers
is connected to one another in limited area of connection of network. Computers on an
intranet are available only to a group of people within the inner circle for example in an
organization within the building to connect in between department with another department.
For instant, in Ministry of Human Resource Malaysia they practice intranet in between
department to send messages which its time saving and eco-green friendly. Those outside
the organization do not have access to the network. For example, you will discover that
many organizations have specific intranet networks that can only be accessed by employees
or members of the particular organization. Each single computer on the intranet also has an
IP address, which identifies it specifically.

There are a few differences between internet and intranet that can be seen. The
difference is that in the intranet, only approved members can access the site. The intranet

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can also deploy instant messengers in the very same way such huge websites as Google
do. The Difference The internet is available to various personal computers across the world,
whereas the intranet works only with a few PCs. The internet is accessible to millions of
people, whereas the intranet is only available to smaller numbers of consumer. The internet
is open to more people and therefore subject to more security threats.

An intranet is a corporate LAN local area network or wide area network (WAN)
that uses Internet technology and is secured behind company’s firewalls. The intranet links
various servers, clients, databases, and application programs like Enterprise Resource
Planning (ERP). Although intranets are developed on the same TCP/IP protocol as the
Internet, they operate as a private network with limited access. Only authorized employees
are able to use it. Intranets are limited to information pertinent to the company and contain
exclusive and often proprietary and sensitive information. The firewalls protect the intranets
from unauthorized outside access; the intranet can be used to enhance the communications
and collaboration among authorized employees, customers, suppliers, and other business
partners. Since the intranet allows access through the Internet, it does not require any
additional implementation of leased networks but it’s opposite way with internet where
payment is required for every subscription.

b) Explain any two (2) implications of internet in a global market (10 marks)

E-commerce is a low risk business strategy for companies to use for developing an
international customer base. The combination of global marketing with an Internet
distribution method allows many companies to try their hand at reaching growing target
markets overseas and this allow e-commerce grown so rapidly. The unique nature of the
Internet and the Web. Simply put, the Internet and e-commerce technologies are much
richer and more powerful than previous technology revolutions compare the radio,
television, and the telephone. People used the Internet and Web as a commercial
medium, we
1. Ubiquity
In traditional commerce, a marketplace is a physical place, such as a retail store, that
customer visit to transact business. E-commerce is ubiquitous, meaning that it is
available just about everywhere, at all times. It makes it possible to shop from customer
desktop, at home, at work, or even from inside the car, by using smartphones. The result
is called a marketspace where a marketplace extended beyond traditional boundaries
and removed from a temporal and geographic location.

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 From a consumer point of view, ubiquity reduces transaction costs—the costs of
participating in a market. To transact business, it is no longer necessary that spend time
or money traveling to a market, and much less mental effort is required to make a
purchase. With internet marketing, you can easily reach beyond your geography to offer
your products or services to customers worldwide. Wherever your target audiences are,
you can easily reach them 24/7 and from any country all over the world. If your audience
consists of more than your local market, utilizing global marketing offers you a great
advantage.

2. Global Reach
E-commerce technology permits commercial transactions to cross cultural and national
boundaries far more conveniently and cost effectively than is true in traditional commerce.
As a result, the potential market size for e-commerce merchants is roughly equal to the size
of the world’s online population (estimated to be more than 2 billion). In contrast, most
traditional commerce is local or regional—it involves local merchants or national merchants
with local outlets. Television, radio stations and newspapers, for instance, are primarily local
and regional institutions with limited, but powerful, national networks that can attract a
national audience but not easily cross-national boundaries to a global audience.

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