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    Faculty of Dentistry Al-Quds University: Second Semester 2019/2020

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    Tima Pix
    This document contains information about iron supplementation during pregnancy including: - Iron is important for both the mother and developing fetus. It helps prevent anemia in the mother and supports brain and organ development in the fetus. - Several oral iron supplements are available including ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, and ferric maltol. Intravenous options include ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose. The supplements have varying absorption rates and side effects. - Maintaining adequate iron levels during pregnancy may help reduce risks of gestational diabetes, though more research is still needed to fully understand this relationship. Guidelines emphasize optimal management of fetal growth and maternal health for gestational diabetes treatment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Faculty of Dentistry Al-Quds University: Second Semester 2019/2020

    Uploaded by

    Tima Pix
    56 views6 pages
    This document contains information about iron supplementation during pregnancy including: - Iron is important for both the mother and developing fetus. It helps prevent anemia in the mother and supports brain and organ development in the fetus. - Several oral iron supplements are available including ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, and ferric maltol. Intravenous options include ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose. The supplements have varying absorption rates and side effects. - Maintaining adequate iron levels during pregnancy may help reduce risks of gestational diabetes, though more research is still needed to fully understand this relationship. Guidelines emphasize optimal management of fetal growth and maternal health for gestational diabetes treatment.

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    This document contains information about iron supplementation during pregnancy including: - Iron is important for both the mother and developing fetus. It helps prevent anemia in the mother and supports brain and organ development in the fetus. - Several oral iron supplements are available including ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, and ferric maltol. Intravenous options include ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose. The supplements have varying absorption rates and side effects. - Maintaining adequate iron levels during pregnancy may help reduce risks of gestational diabetes, though more research is still needed to fully understand this relationship. Guidelines emphasize optimal management of fetal growth and maternal health for gestational diabetes treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    56 views6 pages

    Faculty of Dentistry Al-Quds University: Second Semester 2019/2020

    Uploaded by

    Tima Pix
    This document contains information about iron supplementation during pregnancy including: - Iron is important for both the mother and developing fetus. It helps prevent anemia in the mother and supports brain and organ development in the fetus. - Several oral iron supplements are available including ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, and ferric maltol. Intravenous options include ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose. The supplements have varying absorption rates and side effects. - Maintaining adequate iron levels during pregnancy may help reduce risks of gestational diabetes, though more research is still needed to fully understand this relationship. Guidelines emphasize optimal management of fetal growth and maternal health for gestational diabetes treatment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Faculty of Dentistry Al-Quds University

    Second semester 2019/2020


     Dental Pharmacology 2192

    Dr Bilal Faiq Saleh


    Topics in oral pharmacology

    Name: Nada Wridat


    University number: 21710826
    Sec 30
    Date of submission 26-4-2020

    1
    Q1- What is the rationale behind iron intake during
    pregnancy?
    For mother

    During pregnancy, women need iron to meet their own needs and those of their
    developing fetus. There is concern that pregnant women may become deficient in
    these nutrients and unable to supply them in sufficient quantities to their fetus. Low
    iron levels in women can cause anemia. Anemia can make women tired, faint, and at
    increased risk for infection. Iron deficiency could impact the mother and her
    pregnancy, and the baby. the use of iron supplements was associated with a reduced
    risk of anemia and iron deficiency in pregnancy and that daily iron supplementation
    .was associated with increased risk of haemoconcentration at term

    For fetus

    Iron is critical for rapidly developing and proliferating cells. During fetal
    development, iron plays a profound role in organ development, particularly the
    brain. Evidence suggests that iron is of particular importance to the hippocampus
    which is rapidly developing during the late stages of gestation. Of course, the region
    of the brain affected by in utero ID (and therefore subsequent clinical effects
    observed in the infant) depends on the magnitude of the deficiency and when in
    pregnancy the deficiency begins. In addition, it is essential for the fetus to acquire
    adequate iron stores from its mother to sustain growth during the first 6 months of
    .life when the iron intake from breast milk is very low

    Reference

    Cerami, C. (2017). Iron nutriture of the fetus, neonate, infant, and child. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 71(Suppl. 3), 8-

    .14

    Q2-Briefly describe major guidelines for the treatment of gestational


    ?diabetes

    2
    Management strategies increasingly emphasize optimal management of fetal growth
    and weight. Monitoring of glucose, fetal stress, and fetal weight through ultrasound
    combined with maternal weight management, medical nutritional therapy, physical
    activity, and pharmacotherapy can decrease comorbidities associated with GDM.
    Consensus is lacking on ideal glucose targets, degree of caloric restriction and
    content, algorithms for pharmacotherapy, and in particular, the use of oral
    medications and insulin analogs in lieu of human insulin. Postpartum glucose
    screening and initiation of healthy lifestyle behaviors, including exercise, adequate
    fruit and vegetable intake, breastfeeding, and contraception, are encouraged to
    .decrease rates of future glucose intolerance in mothers and offspring

    Reference

    Kim, C. (2010). Gestational diabetes: risks, management, and treatment options. International journal
    .of women's health, 2, 339

    Q3- What is the relationship between iron intake during pregnancy and
    ?diabetes
    higher ferritin levels had significant association with greater risk of GDM in this
    meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and case-control studies. Moderately
    increased ferritin levels may be useful for clinical and public identification of high-risk
    group for GDM. And higher heme iron levels may be correlated with higher risk of
    GDM.  high maternal serum iron in early pregnancy could increase the risk of
    gestational diabetes. Also, it could be used as a sensitive and specific predictor for
    .gestational diabetes

    NOTIC that ferritin is a protein that contains iron and is the primary form of iron *
    stored inside of cells. The small amount of ferritin that is released and circulates in
    .the blood is a reflection of the total amount of iron stored in the body

    Reference

    Fu, S., Li, F., Zhou, J., & Liu, Z. (2016). The relationship between body iron status, iron intake and
    .gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 95(2)

    3
    Q4- What are the iron products in the market ? (generic names), then
    .. describe the variety among their effectiveness

     Ferrous sulfate

    It's  oral iron supplement and the Uses of This medication  to treat or prevent
    low blood levels of iron (such as those caused by anemia or pregnancy).And it
    absorbed from the entire length of the GI tract, but primary absorption sites are the
    duodenum and proximal jejunum. It has many side effects like,
    Constipation, diarrhea, stomach cramps, black stools, or upset stomach may occur. It's
    considered as Pregnancy risk category A

    By Sanjai Sinha, MD, updated on Apr 25, 2019, https://www.drugs.com/ferrous_sulfate.html

    https://www.glowm.com/resources/glowm/cd/pages/drugs/f011.html

    Ferrous Fumarate

    It's oral iron supplement that Uses of this medication  treat or prevent


    low blood levels of iron (such as those caused by anemia or pregnancy). Iron is an
    important mineral that the body needs to produce red blood cells and keep you in good
    health. And it absorbed from the entire length of the GI tract, but primary absorption
    sites are the duodenum and proximal jejunum. Up to 10% of iron is absorbed by
    healthy individuals; patients with iron-deficiency anemia may absorb up to 60%,
    food may decrease absorption by 33% to 50%.It has many side effects like,
    Constipation, diarrhea, stomach cramps, black stools, or upset stomach may occur. It's
    considered as Pregnancy risk category A

    Drugs.com. Last updated on Feb 1, 2020.

    https://www.glowm.com/resources/glowm/cd/pages/drugs/f009.html

    Ferric Carboxymaltose

    Ferric carboxymaltose is an iron replacement product indicated for the treatment of


    iron deficiency anemia in adult patients who have intolerance to oral iron or have

    4
    had unsatisfactory response to oral iron or those who have non-dialysis dependent
    chronic kidney disease, including patients with chronic kidney disease, inflammatory
    bowel disease or heavy uterine bleeding, postpartum iron-deficiency anemia and
    perioperative anemia, Ferric carboxymaltose is rapidly cleared from the
    circulation and is distributed primarily to the bone marrow ( approximately
    80%) and also to the liver and spleen. Side effect nausea, flushing, dizziness, high
    blood pressure, low levels of phosphorous in your blood

    Lyseng-Williamson, K.A., Keating, G.M. Ferric Carboxymaltose. Drugs 69, 739–756 (2009).


    https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200969060-00007

    Keating, G.M. Ferric Carboxymaltose: A Review of Its Use in Iron Deficiency. Drugs 75, 101–127


    (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-014-0332-3

    iron sucrose

    Intravenous iron sucrose is a commonly used treatment for iron deficiency anemia.


    Iron sucrose replaces iron in the blood to foster red blood cell production in patients
    with chronic kidney disease. Iron sucrose has the trade name Venofer . side
    effect :headache, blurry vision, lasting dizziness or faintness, fever, chest pain or
    tightness, difficulty breathing, unusual heartbeat, unusual tingling, sudden weight
    change, swelling and bloating

    "Iron Sucrose (Intravenous Route) Description and Brand Names". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2019-
    05-05.

    Iron Sucrose (Intravenous Route) Side Effects". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2019-05-05.

    5
    Ferric maltol
    Ferric maltol is indicated in adults for the treatment of iron deficiency and anemia.
    Side effect was gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain [8%], flatulence [4%],
    constipation [4%], abdominal discomfort [2%]/distension [2%] and diarrhea [3%])
    and these were mainly mild to moderate in severity. Reported severe adverse
    reactions were abdominal pain [4%], constipation [0.9%] and diarrhea [0.9%].
    Absorption from gastrointestinal tract, allowing iron and maltol to be absorbed
    separately, Food shown to decrease bioavailability of iron after administration of
    ferric maltol.

    "Feraccru 30mg hard capsules - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". electronic medicines


    compendium (emc). 7 February 2019. Archived from the original on 23 November 2019. Retrieved 23
    November 2019.

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