11haha Rizal Life Events

UNIT 1
 is better to leave del Pilar alone to direct the policy

 August 7, 1891- M.H. del Pilar wrote to Rizal begging forgiveness for any resentment
and requesting Rizal to resume writing for the La Solidaridad
 RIZAL’S SECOND SOJOURN IN PARIS AND THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION IN 1889
o In March 1889, it was extremely difficult for a visitor to find living quarters in Paris
o Rizal used most of his time in the reading room of the Bibliotheque Nationale (National Library)
checking up his historical annotations on Morga’s book
 KIDLAT CLUB (March 19, 1889)
o the same day when he arrived in Paris from London, Rizal organized his paisanos (compatriots)
into a society called Kidlat Club
o Kidlat Club-purely a social society of a temporary nature
o founded by Rizal simply to bring together young Filipinos in the French capital so that they could
enjoy their visit in the city during the duration of the Universal Exposition
 INDIOS BRAVOS
o (Brave Indians)- replaced the short-lived Kidlat Club
o its members pledged to excel in intellectual and physical prowess in order to win the admiration
of the foreigners
 R.D.L.M SOCIETY (Sociedad R.D.L.M.) (R.D.L.M Society)
o a mysterious society founded by Rizal in Paris during the Universal Exposition of 1889
o The letters R.D.L.M. are believed to be the initials of the society’s secret name Redencion de los
Malayos (Redemption of the Malays)—Redemption of the Malay Race
o It had various degrees of membership, “with the members not knowing each other.”
PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS
o The aim of the secret society, as stated by Rizal, was “the propagation of all useful knowledge—
scientific, artistic, and literary, etc.—in the Philippines.
o Evidently, there was another aim, the redemption of the Malay race
o Rizal was inspired by a famous book entitled Max Havelaar (1860) written by Multatuli
(pseudonym of E.D. Dekker, Dutch author)
 IN BELGIAN BRUSSELS (January 28, 1890)
o Rizal left Paris for Brussels, capital of Belgium
 (1) the cost of living in Paris was very high because of the Universal Exposition
 (2) the Gay social life of the city hampered his literary works, especially the writing of his
second novel, El Filibusterismo
 LIFE IN BRUSSELS
o Rizal was accompanied by Jose Albert when he moved to Brussels
o They lived in a modest boarding house on 38 Rue Philippe Champagne, which was run by two
Jacoby sisters (Suzanne and Marie).
o Later, Albert left the city and was replaced by Jose Alejandro, an engineering student
 MISFORTUNES IN MADRID (1890-91)

o Early in August 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid
o Upon arrival in Madrid, Rizal immediately sought help of the Filipino colony, The Asociacion
Hispano-Filipina, and the liberal Spanish newspaper in securing justice for the oppressed Calamba
tenants
o Jose Ma. Panganiban, his talented co-worker in the Propaganda Movement, died in Barcelona on
August 19, 1890, after a lingering illness
o Aborted Duel with Antonio Luna
o Rizal challenges Retana to Duel
o Infidelity of Leonor Rivera
o Rizal-Del Pilar Rivalry
 BIARRITZ VACATION
o To seek solace for his disappointments in Madrid, Rizal took a vacation in the resort city of
Biarritz on the fabulous French Riviera
o Frustrated in romance, Rizal found consolation in writing.
o Evidently, while wooing Nellie and enjoying so “many magnificent moonlight nights” with her, he
kept working on his second novel which he began to write in Calamba 1887
o March 29, 1891- the eve of his departure from Biarritz to Paris, he finished the manuscript of El
Filibusterismo
o May 30, 1891-revision of the finished manuscript of El Filibusterismo was mostly completed
o June 13, 1891-Rizal informed Basa that he was negotiating with a printing firm
 EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)
o Rizal was busy revising and polishing the manuscript of El Filibusterismo so that it could be ready
for the press
o Rizal had begun writing it in October, 1887
o While practicing medicine in Calamba, the following year (1888), in London; he made some
changes in the plot and corrected some chapters already written. He wrote more chapters in
Paris and Madrid, and finished the manuscript in Biarritz on March 29, 1891.
o It took him, therefore, three years to write his second novel
o Division of the Bureau of Public Libraries, Manila. It consists of 270 pages of long sheets of
paper
 OPHTHALMIC SURGEON IN HONG KONG (1891-1892)
o Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong, where he lived from November, 1891 to June, 1892.
o His reasons for leaving Europe were (1) life was unbearable in Europe because of his political
differences with M.H. del Pilar and other Filipinos in Spain
o (2) to be near his idolized Philippines and family
 BORNEO COLONIZATION PROJECT
o Rizal planned to move the landless Filipino families Filipino families to North Borneo (Sabah),
rich British owned island and carve out of its virgin wildness a “New Calamba”
o in this second letter, he requested the governor general to permit the landless Filipinos to
establish themselves in Borneo
o Despujol could not approve the Filipino immigration to Borneo
 DECISION TO RETURN TO MANILA
o May 1892- Rizal made up his mind to return to Manila.
 This decision was spurred by the following: (1) to confer with Governor Despujol
regarding his Borneo colonization project
 (2) to establish the La Liga Filipina in Manila
 (3) to prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that he (Rizal),
being comfortable and safe in Hong Kong, had abandoned the country’s cause
o June 20, 1892- Rizal wrote two letters which he sealed, inscribed on each envelope “to be
opened after my death” and gave them to his friend Dr. Marques for safekeeping
o Immediately after Rizal’s departure from Hong Kong, the Spanish consul general, sent a
cablegram to Governor Despujol that the victim “is in the trap”.
o On the same day (June 21, 1892), a secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal and his followers
“for anti-religious and anti-patriotic agitation”
 LAST TRIP ABROAD (1896)
o No longer an exile, Rizal had a pleasant trip from Dapitan to Manila, with delightful stopovers in
Dumaguete, Cebu, Iloilo, Capiz, and Romblon
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UNIT 1

 is better to leave del Pilar alone to direct the policy

 MISFORTUNES IN MADRID (1890-91)

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