VOL 3 (2019) NO 1

e-ISSN : 2549-9904
ISSN : 2549-9610

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON INFORMATICS VISUALIZATION

Challenges Faced by CIOs in cloud and IoT based organizations- A

Study on IT and Business Leaders
Jipson George Thoomkuzhy#, Dr. Mohammed Nazeh#
# Limkokwing University Of Creative Technology, Selangor, Malaysia

E-mail: Jipsongeorge2000@gmail.com, mohammed.nazeh@limkokwing.edu.my

Abstract— The Internet of Things (IoT) is turning into the following Internet-related insurgency. It enables billions of gadgets to be
associated and speak with one another to share data that enhances the nature of our day by day lives. Then again, Cloud Computing
gives on-request, advantageous and adaptable system which makes it conceivable to share computing assets; surely, this empowers
dynamic information integration from different information sources. There are numerous issues hindering the effective
implementation of both Cloud and IoT affecting the role of a chief information officer (CIO).The integration of Cloud Computing
with the IoT is the best path on which to conquer these issues. The immense number of assets accessible on the Cloud can be to a great
degree advantageous for the IoT, while the Cloud can acquire exposure to enhance its confinements with true protests in a more
powerful and conveyed way. This paper gives an outline of the integration of the Cloud into the IoT by featuring the integration
advantages and implementation challenges. Cloud computing has developed enormously throughout the years. Since the term
appeared in mid 90s it was produced and being worked upon to make it a conceivable answer for business information stockpiling
and availability issues. Expansive undertakings are progressively discovering cloud an affable arrangement even inside their stringent
hierarchical approaches.Cloud has been such advanced that there is a surge of executing virtualization among CIOs. This has prompt
a larger number of complexities than arrangements. The issues with cloud implementation are for the most part because of the scurry
without legitimate investigation of one's circumstances and necessities previously. Following is a concise dialog on the difficulties
looked by organizations amid executing cloud computing.This study focuses on the challenges faced by CIOs in a cloud and IOT
based organization. This study will analyze the major challenges in cloud and IOT environments like security, privacy, performance,
compliance, governance, portability, interoperability, lack of resources, cost management etc. As part of this study a survey was
conducted on 400 plus IT and business leaders from various organizations from almost 30 plus countries and their responses are
recorded and analyzed as part of this study.

Keywords— Cloud, IoT, CIO, PaaS, SaaS, IaaS, IIoT, IoS

economy by changing numerous ventures into advanced

INTRODUCTION organizations and encouraging new plans of action, enhancing
The Internet of Things (IoT) has certainly turned out to be a effectiveness, and creating new types of income. Sri
standout amongst the most widely recognized and much- Karambati, CIO, SSS Springs says, "IoT isn't new. It has
advertised ideas crosswise over business and innovation area. existed in some symbol called as SCADA frameworks. What
What's more, it is totally advocated and sponsored by the is diverse currently is that the financial aspects and the
statistics. Gartner in a discharge expressed that, "It is required biological system of equipment/software are greater. The test
to see around 25 billion Internet-associated things by 2020, to IoT reception essentially remains the mentality. Either IoT
and near $2 trillion of monetary advantage comprehensively. isn't viewed as esteem accumulating or an excessive amount
A considerable measure of these applications are not broadly of is anticipated from it. What is basic is a legitimate and
useful gadgets, for example, cell phones, and PCs, however, through comprehension of its capacity, particularly at the
devoted articles, for example, candy machines, stream motors, administration level of associations. IoT can get
associated cleanser distributors and a heap of different transformational benefits whenever drew nearer and embraced
models." comprehensively." It is critical to investigate the regular
As the necessity increments, there are sure difficulties that highlights of the advances engaged in the field of computing.
are looked by the individual CIOs in executing IoT For sure, this is positively the situation with Cloud Computing
arrangements in their particular associations. When they and the Internet of Things (IoT) – two ideal models which
surmount the test the depolyment will greatly affect the share numerous normal highlights. The integration of these
various ideas may encourage and enhance these advancements.

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 Cloud computing has changed the manner by which gadgets experience issues with respect to execution,
advances can be gotten to, oversaw and conveyed. It has unwavering quality, protection, and security. Then again,
generally concurred that Cloud computing can be utilized for Cloud computing involves a gigantic system with boundless
utility administrations later on. Albeit many consider Cloud capacity abilities and calculation control. Besides, it gives an
computing to be another innovation, it has, in undeniable adaptable, vigorous condition which takes into consideration
reality, been associated with and included different dynamic information integration from different information
advancements, for example, matrix, utility computing sources. Cloud computing has incompletely settled a large
virtualization, systems administration and software portion of the IoT issues.
administrations. Cloud computing gives administrations which
make it conceivable to share computing assets over the BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE
Internet. Thusly, it isn't amazing that the inceptions of Cloud The Cloud-IoT revolution is now re-characterizing how we
advances lie in the matrix, utility computing virtualization, make 'things' today. It sets out the ideas for how organizations
systems administration and software administrations, and can accomplish quicker development and increment
additionally circulated computing, and parallel computing. efficiencies over the esteem chain. Yet, in the realm of
Cloud computing involves four sorts of sending models, three therapeutic gadget manufacturing, or, in other words,
diverse administration models, and five fundamental attributes. administrative consistency is still generally reliant on paper-
Cloud computing sending models are most generally named based procedures, how does Cloud-IoT have an effect? In
having a place with the public Cloud, where assets are made what capacity will it enable producers to take care of the
accessible to purchasers over the Internet. Public Clouds are demand for progressively advanced, higher quality and
by and large claimed by a profitable association (e.g. Amazon thoroughly directed restorative gadgets, and past that
EC2). Then again, the foundation of a private Cloud is exceedingly customized custom gadgets? New patterns in how
normally given by a solitary association to fill the specific medicinal gadgets are made and how they convey esteem are
needs of its clients. essentially changing, gadgets are moving increasingly into the
The private Cloud offers a safe domain and a more elevated universe of the Internet of Things, using exceedingly complex
amount of control (Microsoft Private Cloud). Hybrid Clouds chipsets, preparing abilities, and sensors.
are a blend of private and public Clouds. This decision is They are versatile and associated more than ever,
given to shoppers as it makes it conceivable to beat a portion conveying arrangements in inventive new territories, for
of the constraints of each model. Interestingly, a network example, persistent particular gadgets and 'Lab on a Chip'
Cloud is a Cloud foundation which is conveyed to a gathering electronic demonstrative testing. What does the eventual fate
of clients by various associations which share a similar need. of manufacturing medicinal gadgets, effectively and profitably,
Keeping in mind the end goal to enable shoppers to pick the resemble? Or then again, would it be advisable for us to state
administration that suits them, benefits in Cloud computing manufacturing the 'Internet of Medical Things' (IoMT)?
are given at three unique levels, specifically: the Software as a The idea of cloud-IoT implementation and appropriation
Service (SaaS) show, where software is conveyed through the grasps various computerization, information trade and
Internet to clients (e.g. GoogleApps); the Platform as a manufacturing advances that are changing the scene of how
Service (PaaS) show, which offers a larger amount of we make items and extending the limits of inventive, new
coordinated condition that can manufacture, test, and convey manufacturing chances. It is modeled on a Value Chain
particular software (e.g. Microsoft Azure); lastly, with the Organization that unions genuine and virtual universes
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) show, framework, for utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Internet of
example, stockpiling, equipment and servers are conveyed as Services (IoS). It furnishes processing plants with constant
an administration (e.g. Amazon Web Services). insight enabling them to proficiently deliver results of higher
The idea of the IoT was first specified by Kevin Ashton in quality that can be totally redone. The IoT unites physical
1999, when he expressed that "The Internet of Things can items with inserted hardware, software, sensors and system
possibly change the world, similarly as the Internet did. availability that implies they can gather and trade information
Possibly more so". Afterward, the IoT was formally with one another. In the manufacturing condition, this turns
introduced by the International Telecommunication Union into the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) with included
(ITU) in 2005. A considerable number of meanings of the IoT machine learning, machine-to-machine correspondence, and
have been advanced by various associations and scientists. As integration of existing computerization advancements.
per the ITU (2012), the IoT is "a worldwide framework for the Shrewd machines can precisely catch continuous
Information Society, empowering propelled benefits by information and speak with one another and the items or
interconnecting (physical and virtual) things dependent on, materials they are preparing to settle on the best creation
existing and developing, interoperable data and choices. This expands profitability as well as distinguishes
correspondence advances". The IoT presents an assortment of any wastefulness, builds quality consistency, and diminishes
chances and applications. squander both as far as better usage of machines and
The IoT and Cloud computing are both quickly creating decreased scrap. Alongside making existing manufacturing
administrations, and have their own novel qualities. From one forms more proficient, cloud-IoT offers new open doors as far
viewpoint, the IoT approach depends on brilliant gadgets as expanding aggressiveness; quickening development;
which intercommunicate in a worldwide system and dynamic putting up new items for sale to the public all the more rapidly;
foundation. It empowers pervasive computing situations. The adding capacity to effortlessly alter singular requests, and
IoT is ordinarily portrayed by broadly appropriated gadgets empowering quicker reaction to client requests.
with restricted preparing capacities and capacity. These

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 Restorative gadget makers are encountering expanding multinational or worldwide extension that cross social and
challenges as far as cost and edge weight, speed to showcase, social limits. What will that mean for the improvement of a
expanded item (thus manufacturing) intricacy and more comprehensively relevant privacy insurance model for the IoT?
stringent administrative compliance. ressure on the expense of So as to understand the chances of the IoT, methodologies
therapeutic gadgets come from extract charges and expanded should be created to regard singular privacy decisions over an
expenses of meeting new administrative activities. Healing expansive range of desires, while as yet cultivating
centers are likewise changing the manner by which they buy development in new advancements and administrations.
gear, attempting to upgrade their expenses in the 'Esteem b) Performance: Transferring the immense measure of
Based Care' model. All of this is joined with expanded item information made from IoT gadgets to the Cloud requires high
multifaceted nature which can prompt more serious dangers to data transfer capacity. Subsequently, the key issue is getting
quality and require an interest in better innovation and more sufficient system performance to exchange information to
profound examination of creation information to enhance Cloud environments; without a doubt, this is on the grounds
forms. A portion of the difficulties being presented by cloud that broadband development isn't keeping pace with capacity
computing-IoT implementation are broke down beneath; and calculation advancement. In various situations,
a) Security and privacy: Cloud-based IoT makes it administrations and information arrangement ought to be
conceivable to transport information from this present reality accomplished with high reactivity. This is on account of
to the Cloud. In fact, one especially imperative issues which opportuneness may be influenced by erratic issues and
has not yet been settled is the way to give proper authorization continuous applications are exceptionally delicate to
guidelines and approaches while guaranteeing that just performance proficiency.
approved clients approach the touchy information; this is c) Compliance: A standout amongst the most broadly
essential with regards to safeguarding clients' privacy, and perceived consistency issues going up against an association is
especially when information trustworthiness must be ensured. information data. Utilization of an in-house computing center
New difficulties likewise require particular consideration; for empowers an association to structure its computing condition
instance, the dispersed framework is presented to number of and to know in detail where data is secured and what shields
conceivable assaults, for example, SQL infusion, session are used to anchor the data. Strikingly, a typical for some
riding, cross site scripting, and side-channel. Besides, cloud computing administrations is that data is secured
imperative vulnerabilities, including session capturing and unnecessarily in different physical regions and separated
virtual machine escape are additionally hazardous. IoT has information about the territory of an association's data is
officially transformed into a genuine security worry that has difficult to reach or not uncovered to the administration client.
drawn the consideration of noticeable tech firms and This situation makes it difficult to realize whether sufficient
government organizations over the world. securities are set up and whether legitimate and regulatory
The hacking of infant screens, savvy ice chests, indoor consistency necessities are being met. For example, NARA
regulators, sedate mixture pumps, cameras and even the radio controls fuse office essentials for the limit of government
in your auto are implying a security bad dream being caused records and stipulate a base height above and separate a long
by the eventual fate of IoT. Such a significant number of new way from a floodplain (Gartner, 2008). External audits and
hubs being added to systems and the internet will furnish security assertions can help this issue somewhat, yet they are
noxious performing artists with incalculable assault vectors not a panacea.
and potential outcomes to complete their malevolent deeds, Fitting IT administration should promise IT assets are
particularly since an impressive number of them experience realized and used by settled upon methodologies and
the ill effects of security openings. The more essential move procedures; ensure that these points of interest are honestly
in security will originate from the way that IoT will turn out to controlled and kept up; and ensure that these advantages are
be more instilled in our lives. Concerns will never again be supporting your association's framework and business targets.
restricted to the assurance of delicate data and resources. Our In the present cloud-based world, IT doesn't, for the most part,
exceptional lives and wellbeing can turn into the objective of have full authority over the provisioning, de-provisioning, and
IoT hack assaults. The IoT makes special difficulties to errands of an establishment. This has extended the
privacy numerous that go past the information privacy issues inconvenience for IT to give the administration, consistency
that presently exist. Quite a bit of this stems from integrating and risk administration required. To direct the diverse perils
gadgets into our environments without us deliberately and vulnerabilities in changing to the cloud, IT must alter its
utilizing them. standard IT administration and control methods to join the
This is ending up more common in purchaser gadgets, for cloud (Gartner, 2008).
example, GPS beacons for telephones and autos and d) Governance-Cloud computing requires a legitimate IT
additionally brilliant TVs. As far as the last mentioned, voice administration/governance model to ensure an anchored
acknowledgment or vision highlights are being coordinated computing condition and to consent to all huge various
that can consistently tune in to discussions or look for leveled information advancement approaches. In this way,
movement and specifically transmit that information to a associations require a course of action of capacities that are
cloud benefit for preparing, which some of the time essential when suitably completing and directing cloud
incorporates an outsider. The gathering of this data uncovered administrations, including demand administration, relationship
legitimate and administrative difficulties confronting administration, data security administration, application
information insurance and privacy law. lifecycle administration, risk and consistency administration.
What's more, numerous IoT situations include gadget A hazard lies with the impact of associations joining the
organizations and information accumulation exercises with a improvement in cloud computing by getting the chance to be

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providers. In any case, colossal quantities of the infrastructural interfaces - some formally regulated, for instance, CDMI,
and key worries with respect to the action of cloud computing others being genuine measures in the business focus. PaaS
associations are up 'til now dark. This immaturity may have cloud administrations have cut down levels of interoperability
suggestions for the business as a whole. Achieving and (Botta, et al. 2016). There are few interface checks for PaaS
keeping up administration and consistency in cloud conditions convenience, notwithstanding the way that there are some
conveys new challenges to various associations open source stages, for instance, Cloud Foundry, that are
The ability to lessen capital hypothesis for computing getting the opportunity to be common in the business focus
resources, and rather, satisfy computational needs through and where unmistakable cloud pro associations use a
operational expenses is the great position of cloud computing. comparable open source organize, their interfaces are either
Cloud computing can cut down the fundamental cost of vague or immovably equivalent. It is SaaS applications which
sending new administrations and curtail the time required to show the best interoperability challenge today.
get a significant favorable position from the hypothesis (i.e., f) Lack of Resources-For quite a while, security was the
revive a chance to-regard), in this way better changing primary voiced cloud challenge. In 2016 regardless, a
expense to honest to goodness use (Khan, 2014). Regardless, nonappearance of advantages/aptitude crept ahead.
the customary techniques and approach an association uses to Associations are continuously putting more remaining tasks at
acquire computational resources as capital utilization may be hand in the cloud while cloud propels keep on quickly
adequately maintained a strategic distance from by a division advance. Due to these segments, associations are encountering
or an individual, and the procuration obscured under regular impressive challenges remaining mindful of the gadgets. In
assignments. like manner, the necessity for capacity continues creating.
e) Portability and interoperability: To shield their ability to These troubles can be restricted through additional getting
change dealers, later on, offices may try to avoid stages or ready of IT and headway staff. A strong CIO supporting cloud
progressions that "jolt" customers into a particular thing. For gathering moreover has any kind of effect. As Cloud Engineer
example, a Treasury official illuminated that it is attempting to Drew Firment puts it:
separate from a dealer to some degree on account of a "The achievement of cloud gathering and migrations
nonattendance of porousness into the shipper's system and plunges to your people — and the theories you roll out
data. Interoperability can be described as a proportion of what powerlessness improvement program. Until the point that the
amount contrasting frameworks or fragments can coordinate moment that you revolve around the main bottleneck to the
adequately. Simply more formally, IEEE and ISO describe flood of cloud allotment, changes made wherever else are
interoperability as the limit with respect to somewhere around misleading." SME affiliations may find adding cloud
two frameworks or applications to exchange information and specialists to their IT gatherings to be prohibitively excessive.
generally use the information that has been exchanged. Luckily, various typical errands performed by these aces can
Concerning cloud computing, interoperability should be be automated. To this end organizations are swinging to
viewed as the limit of open cloud administrations, private DevOps gadgets, like Chef and Puppet, to perform errands
cloud administrations, and different frameworks inside the like checking use models of advantages and modernized
endeavor to see each other's application and administration fortifications at predefined times. These gadgets moreover
interfaces, setup, kinds of approval and endorsement, data help overhaul the cloud for cost, organization, and security
plans, et cetera remembering the true objective to work with (Millard and Christopher, 2013).
one another. With respect to cloud computing, Portability is g) Cost Management-For any endeavor that has affected the
about the limit of a customer to move and sensibly modify way to consolidate, they to understand that there is a grand
their applications and data between their own specific desire to assimilate data in going from an on-acquaint server
frameworks and cloud administrations, and between cloud cultivate with a cloud advantage. The Next Web depicted
administrations of different cloud pro associations and them as "unfathomably phenomenal universes." The best
perhaps exceptional cloud course of action models qualification, or, in other words as one of the best troubles in
(Rochwerger, et al. 2009). The essential issue caused by the the RightScale examine, is managing incurred significant
absence of portability is that it may require a noteworthy push injury (Netto, etal. 2018).
to change the application or data from its casing on the source As shown by RightScale, 26 percent of respondents find
system to the shape required by the goal structure. Portability cost organization as an essential test – a number that has
is isolated into two separate locales: cloud data reliably risen each year. In 2013, only 18 percent point by
conservativeness and cloud application transportability. Cloud point issues with cost organization. As RightScale pointed out,
data convenience is the ability to easily trade data beginning cloud computing can offer finances openings, anyway couple
with one cloud advantage then onto the following cloud of organizations know how to exploit them (Mell, 2011). For
advantage or between a cloud advantage customer's structure the most part cloud computing can save organizations money.
and a cloud advantage, in a customarily used electronic course In the cloud, an affiliation can without a doubt increment its
of action. dealing with limits without making tremendous interests in
Cloud application conveyability is the ability to easily trade new gear. Organizations can rather get to extra getting ready
an application or application sections from one cloud through pay-as-you-go models from open cloud providers.
administration to a proportionate cloud advantage or from a Nevertheless, the on-ask for and versatile nature of cloud
cloud advantage customer's structure to a cloud advantage. computing organizations make it difficult to describe and
The best level of interoperability is most likely going to be control adventure sums and costs. An abnormal augmentation
found for IaaS cloud administrations, where helpfulness is in cloud utilize prompts cost attacks and Potential Loss of
often extensively equivalent and there are different standard Revenue.

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 SURVEY AND TOOLS USED FOR THE SURVEY TABLE III
AGE
The survey was conducted using an online methods. The
survey attempted to explore the major challenges faced by
CIOs in cloud computing and IoT based organizations from
various industries. This study was conducted on IT and
business leaders/professionals from almost 30 plus countries
across the globe. A sample size of 405 was used for this
survey. Since the target population is unknown the baseline
was of 385 has to be maintained. The sample size of 405 was
used in order to have an effective result after excluding the
errors. A website named e-mailmeform.com was used to
create an online survey. It is a paid services based portal
which provides survey setup services. This has security From the pool of respondents, it’s a single participant that
features like one response from one computer and one has his highest form of education as at then being PUC/XII,
response from one IP address. These sort of security features representing a minute 0.2% of the total respondents. The
would help to avoid duplicate submissions resulting in number of graduate-respondent elevated as high as 127 people
improved quality responses. A total of 40 questions were in total representing 31.4% of the total respondents. A
asked to the respondents and the results were captured and whooping 192 participants claimed to be holders of a post-
correlated using the IBM SPSS statistical tool. graduate degree or qualification (47.4 % of the population)
while, about thirty-five of them already has a PhD degree in
SURVEY RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS relevant disciplines. Only forty-seven of the respondents
Altogether, about 346 male and 59 female respondents studied a professional course accruing to about 11.6 percent of
were surveyed to explore the major challenges faced by CIOs the total population. The remaining 0.7% of the total
in cloud computing and IoT based organizations from various respondents, that is only three people, had a different
industries purely from the healthcare, manufacturing and educational background from the listed.
service line. Thus the totality of the participants equals about TABLE IIIII
405 in number. The feminine gender has the less valid percent EDUCATION
of participation as compared to the male counterparts.
We can therefore infer that there is likelihood of more
males functioning as IT business leaders than their female
counterparts. This singular fact was considered in the
distribution of the survey questionnaires. Out of the 405
respondents to the online questionnaire, only 55 people (both
males and females) falls within the age range 21 to 25 years of
age; eighty-six participants similarly fell within the age
bracket of 26 to 30; whereas fifty-two respondents that
participated in the online survey falls between age 31 to 35.
The number of participants between the age ranges of 36 to 40
is forty-eight while the rest participant, about one-hundred and
sixty-four, are all over 40 years of age. According to the population studies, about fourty-one team
TABLE I leaders responded to the online survey representing a
GENDER significant percentage of 10.1 percent. Only eighteen of the
participants that responded were junior managers in rank
while thirty-one participants were senior officers or managers
within their respective organizational domain. The number of
respondents that were vice-presidents or general-managers
amounted to thirty-five in all whereas a whooping one
hundred and eighty-two of the participant were actually chief
information officers, chief executive officers and/or chief
functional officers- which accounts for almost half percent of
the population. The remnant of the 405 respondents occupied
In all, the majority of the respondents are well above forty
other organizational positions not reflected in the listed
years of age while the least frequency of the respondents falls
designations.
between ages 36 and 40

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 TABLE IVV TABLE VI
DESIGNATION EXPERIENCE IN PRESENT POSITION

With respect to their overall experience, most of the The number of respondents within the telecommunication,
respondents had less than ten years of experience and service and information technology (IT) industries that
exposure concerning the job description of a chief information participated in the online survey was 226 in number
officer; that is, about 169 respondents had lesser that ten representing a whopping 55.8 percent of the total population.
years’ experience of the subject matter accounting for 41.7 About twenty five participants interviewed are currently
percent of the total population. working in certain manufacturing industries accounting for
In the same vein, ninety-six of the participant had an 25% of the totality of respondents. Forty-seven of the
overall experience and exposure of greater than or equal to ten respondents are working in the healthcare sector of the
years, but lesser than 20 years at the same time. Also, ninety- economy whereas thirty-three of the respondents are
nine of the participants had already an overall experience domiciled in the finance, banking or the insurance companies,
worth more than twenty years but below thirty years of age. with the rest seventy-four of them practicing in other spheres
The remainder forty-one respondents already had experiences of discipline accruing a whole 18.3 of the percentage of the
of the subject matter over accumulated years, typically above whole population.
thirty years. Thus, the overall percent of respondents with the TABLE VII
highest frequency suggests those of years below ten while EXPERIENCE IN PRESENT POSITION
those with years above thirty had the lowest overall
percentage.
TABLE V
OVERALL EXPERIENCE

According to sixty-nine of the respondents, most

organizations within the sector-framework of discuss are
prone to or experiences very high challenges during the
implementation of IoT and Cloud computing based
Most of the volunteers who responded, about a whooping
technologies in their respective organization. Only eleven of
population numbering about 197 people, only have had
between one to five years of experience as a chief information the respondents believed that organizations faces no challenge
during the implementation of IoT and cloud computing based
officer (CIO) in their present position which may range from
technologies; only 3 percent (about twelve persons)
junior manager to senior managers, et cetera.
participant observed that such organizations and companies
Only a handful of sixty-three persons who participated in
the online survey have only had less than a year of experience only faces slight challenges during cloud-IoT implementation.
as related to the job competencies of a chief information A high challenge is believed to be faced by organizations.
In short, cloud-Iot implementation challenges are seen to be a
officer in any position they may be holding. Then it was
real thorn in the flesh of several organizations. On another
calculated that about seventy-four of the total 405 respondents
had only served between five to ten years in the capacity of a scale, moderate challenges are also being faced by several
chief information officer in any capacity or position. The rest organizations during the implementation of cloud computing
and Iot technologies. Conclusively, cloud-IoT implementation
seventy-one respondents have had over ten years of
based challenges poses a moderately-high risk and challenge
experience in their present position with respect to the subject
to relating organizations globally.
matter.

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 TABLE VIII
WHAT LEVEL OF CHALLENGES DO ORGANIZATIONS FACE DURING THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF IOT AND CLOUD COMPUTING BASED TECHNOLOGIES?

In synergy to table 8, it is conclusively said that the Fig 2. Favour of implementing cloud and IoT
challenges being faced by organizations during the integration
and implementation of cloud computing and Internet of A. Resources and Costs
Things can be considered to be on a moderately high level as This graph simply typifies that most IT and business leader
generated by our survey with respect to the concerned would actually love to enjoy the implementation of cloud-IoT
organizational sectors. based technologies in typical strata of the organizational
framework.
TABLE X
LACK OF SKILLED PERSONNEL IS THE BIGGEST HURDLE IN THE PROCESS OF
IOT AND CLOUD IMPLEMENTATION

Fig 1. Level of Challenges

From all the prospective candidates that participated in the In accordance with figures 12 and 13, majority of the
survey, more than half agreed to the fact that they are population surveyed postulated that they concurred with the
definitely in favor that cloud computing and IoT be integrated notion that the lack of skilled personnel is one of the biggest
and implemented in the concerned organizations as it tends to hurdles in the process of IoT and cloud implementation. As
possess more benefits than the proposed risks. such, 26.2 percent of them strongly agreed with the idea of
Less than 20 persons who participated in the survey cloud-IoT implementation while almost 50 percent of them
disagreed with the implementation of cloud-IoT based only agreed, but not with a strong conviction.
technologies in organizations of nowadays accruing to only About sixty-eight of them seated-on-the-fence by being
4.7 of the percentage population that partook in the survey. neutral about the whole idea of cloud, IoT, big data, etc.
Only 88 participants almost sat-on-the-fence when it comes to
implementing cloud-IoT based technologies
TABLE IX
ARE YOU IN FAVOR OF IMPLEMENTING CLOUD AND IOT BASED TECHNOLOGIES
IN OUR ORGANIZATION?

Fig 3. Lack of skilled personnel

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 Less than ten of the percentage total population studied are In accordance with the statistical data results, most of the
totally adherently against any objective aimed at respondents agreed varying degrees to the fact that budget
implementing or integrating cloud-IoT based technologies into constraint is another hurdle for IoT and cloud implementation
relevant organizational sectors of the economy. in several organizations. Exactly 45.4 percent of the
TABLE XI
population target had a strong belief that a major determinant
LIMITATION OF THE CURRENT INFRASTRUCTURE IS A HURDLE FOR SMOOTH limiting the ability of cloud-IoT based technologies to become
DEPLOYMENT OF CLOUD AND IOT fully operational. Whereas, a few of the respondents never
agreed that budget constraint is actually a major threat to
implementing cloud-IoT technologies in organizational
framework.

In tables11 and figures 4, a hundred and eighty-six of the

total participants expressed their agreement with the fact that
the limitation of the current infrastructure availability is a
Fig 5. Budget Constraints
hurdle for a smooth deployment of cloud and Internet of
Things. This huge frequency of personnel accounts for TABLE XIII
IOT/CLOUD BASED ORGANIZATIONS SPEND A LOT OF FUNDS ON INNOVATION
approximately forty-six percent of the overall 405 participants. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Furthermore, only seventy-seven of the 405 respondents
intensified their dissatisfaction by strongly believing that the
problem of limitation as caused by current infrastructural
availability in cloud-IoT organizations has been a thorn-in-
the-flesh of respective organizations.

In unison to the data collated in table18 and fig. 6 total sum

of 257 respondents agreed to the notion that IoT/Cloud based
organization spend a lot of funds on innovation research and
development. Out of whi Following the result computed in Fig.
24 and 25, most of the respondents agreed to the idea that A
Cloud/ IoT based platform should be able to attend to the
Fig 4. Limitation of current infrastructure maximum workload with the available infrastructure. The
result shows exactly 135 strongly agreed and 198 respondents
Only a few of the respondents (almost sixty in number) casually agreed. Considering the population of the people that
came against the basis of the idea that the current responded, very few (as low as 3.2 percent) disagreed with the
infrastructure available in the cloud computing-IoT based idea.ch an exact 22.0 percent of them strongly agreed.
organizations is not in any way a limiting factor to these Meanwhile, a few respondents that makes up 10.6 percent of
organizations. the total respondents which are 450 in number, disagreed that
TABLE XII
IoT/Cloud based organization spend a lot of funds on
BUDGET CONSTRAINTS IS ANOTHER HURDLE FOR IOT AND CLOUD innovation research and development.
IMPLEMENTATION IN MY ORGANIZATIONS

Fig 6. IoT/Cloud based organisations

25
 TABLE XIV
THE MAJOR CHALLENGES OF IOT AND CLOUD IMPLEMENTATIONS IS
ACQUIRING THE BEST TECHNOLOGY AT REASONABLE COSTS

Fig 8. A Cloud/IoT based platform

In phase with the statistical data recorded in Table 14 and
Fig 7, a total number of 405 populations responded to the Following the result computed in Table 16 and Fig 9, most
notion which states: The major challenge of IoT/Cloud of the respondents agreed to the idea that A Cloud/ IoT based
implementation is acquiring the best technology at reasonable platform should be able to attend to the maximum workload
costs. A number of 307 respondents agreed with this notion, with the available infrastructure. The result shows exactly 135
and 107 out of these respondents had a strong belief. strongly agreed and 198 respondents casually agreed.
Meanwhile few of these respondents whose percentage Considering the population of the people that responded, very
covered 8.2 percent of the total respondents, disagreed. few (as low as 3.2 percent) disagreed with the idea.
TABLE XVI
A CLOUD/IOT BASED PLATFORM SHOULD BE ABLE TO ATTEND TO THE
MAXIMUM WORKLOAD WITH THE AVAILABLE INFRASTRUCTURE

Fig 7.The major challenge og IoT and Cloud Implementation

B. Performance and Security

In congruence to the data collated in Table 15 and Fig 8, a
number of 371 out of 405 respondents agreed with idea that
Cloud or IoT platform should be responsive to the user’s
needs and should give reliable results. Very few respondents,
not more than 5 in number disagreed, while a few number of
respondents are neutral about it.
TABLE XV
A CLOUD/IOT BASED PLATFORM SHOULD BE RESPONSIVE TO THE USER’S
NEEDS AND SHOULD GIVE RELIABLE RESULTS
Fig 9. Cloud/IoT based platform
TABLE XVII
AN IDEAL CLOUD/IOT PLATFORM SHOULD PERFORM TASKS WITHIN THE
STIPULATED TIME

26
 TABLE XIX
MORE INTERCONNECTED DEVICES MEANS MORE THREATS TO SECURITY

Fig 10. An Ideal Cloud/IoT platform

In accordance to data recorded in Table 17 and Fig 10, very

high number of respondents, covering about 81 percent of
total respondents agreed to the notion that an ideal cloud/IoT
platform should perform tasks within the stipulated time.
Meanwhile a negligible number of respondents disagreed.
TABLE XVIII
NETWORK SECURITY IS THE MOST IMPORTANT CHALLENGE FOR IOT AND
CLOUD WHICH NEEDS CONSTANT ATTENTION

Fig 12.More Interconnected devices

In conformance to the data computed in Fig. 12, total

number of 405 people made known their opinions on the
notion: More interconnected devices means more threats to
security. Out of these respondents, 148 of them strongly
agreed with the notion, 158 did agreed casually while as few
as 28 respondents disagreed. Meanwhile, there are still few
respondents occupying 17.5 percent of the total respondents
who are neutral towards this notion.
TABLE XIX
THE SECURITY THREATS ARE CONSTANTLY EVOLVING WITH TECHNOLOGICAL
PROGRESS

Fig 11. Network Security

Regarding the data recorded in Table 18 and Fig 11, most

of the respondents numbering up to 354 agreed that network
security is the most important challenge for IoT and cloud As regards the data result computed in Fig. 31 and 32, most
which needs constant attention. And about 185 of these 354 of the respondents agreed with the fact that the security threats
respondents did agree strongly, meanwhile few respondents at are constantly evolving with technological progress. Among
exactly 17 in number disagreed while a few respondents this set of respondents who agreed, 186 out of them strongly
covering 8.4 percent of the total respondents are neutral did. However, a negligible number relative to the total number
towards it. of respondents disagreed with this fact.

27
 Fig 13. The Security Threats
TABLE XX
IOT AND CLOUD BASED ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO REGULARLY UPDATE AND Fig 15. IoT and Cloud based organisations
IMPROVE THEIR NETWORK SECURITY MECHANISMS
In phase with the data computed in Table 21 and Fig 15,
most of the respondents affirmed that IoT and cloud based
organization are burdened with exhaustive and rigid
compliance guidelines. Among these respondents, about 17
percent of the total respondents strongly agreed. Meanwhile
few respondents, summing up to 24 in number still showed
their dissensions.
TABLE XXII
SECURITY COMPLIANCE IS NECESSARY TO ENSURE A FOOLPROOF IOT AND
CLOUD COMPUTING PLATFORM

Following the result computed in Table 20 and Fig 14, high

number of respondents expressed their agreement with idea
that IoT/Cloud based organization need to regularly update
and improve their network security mechanisms. In a more
precise report, 213 respondents strongly agreed while 157
respondents agreed casually. However a very few respondents
did disagree that the security of IoT/Cloud based organization
constantly need to be updated and improved.

Fig 14. IoT and Cloud based organisations need

C. Compliance and Governance

TABLE XXI
IOT AND CLOUD BASED ORGANIZATIONS ARE BURDENED WITH EXHAUSTIVE
AND RIGID COMPLIANCE GUIDELINES

Fig 16. Security Compliance

According to the data recorded in Table. 22 and Fig 16, a

total number of 405 respondents expressed their opinion on if
security compliance is necessary to ensure a foolproof IoT and
cloud computing platform. A high number of respondents
nodded in affirmation to the notion. In a more precise report,
exactly 143 respondents strongly agreed and exactly 205
respondents agreed as a matter of fact. However the data

28
showed few respondents who are not more than 14 in number
disagreed to this, capitalizing security compliance is not
necessary to ensure a foolproof IoT and cloud computing
platform
TABLE XXIII
COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS HAVE INCREASED WITH AN INCREASE IN THE
NUMBER OF USERS AND INTERCONNECTED DEVICES

Fig 18. Complying

From the result computed in Table. 24 exactly 275 out of

405 respondents concurred that complying with all the Service
In congruence to the data computed in Table 23 and Fig 17, and Level Agreements (SLAs) is one of the major challenges
most of those people who had their say in the notion stating for cloud and IoT based organizations. And about 20.5 percent
that compliance requirement have increased with an increase of the total respondents did agree strongly to this notion.
in the number of users and interconnected, agreed with it. However 36 respondents making up 8.6 percent of the total
From the result in the figures, exactly 122 respondents respondents disagreed to this fact.
strongly agreed to the notion while 195 respondents did
TABLE XXV
agreed as a matter of fact. However a few number of IT IS NOT EASY TO ALIGN THE IOT AND CLOUD COMPUTING OBJECTIVE WITH
respondents occupying 5.7 percent of total respondents, THE OVERALL BUSINESS STRATEGY OF THE COMPANY
disagreed.

Fig 17. Compliance Requirements

TABLE XXIV
COMPLYING WITH ALL THE SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS (SLA) IS ONE OF
THE MAJOR CHALLENGES FOR CLOUD AND IOT BASED ORGANIZATIONS

Fig 19. IoT and Cloud Computing Objectives

In phase with statistical data computed in Table. 42 and Fig

19, a reasonable number of respondents agreed to the fact that;
it is not easy to align the IoT and cloud computing objectives
with the overall business strategy of the company. Precisely
201 respondents agreed, in which a number of 92 respondents
strongly agreed. Meanwhile some respondents showed their
dissensions towards the notion.

29
 According to the data recorded in the Table 44 and 45,
exactly 270 respondents agreed with the thesis: Cloud and Iot
based organization are under pressure to implement
innovative data and governance policies. Out of these
respondents who agreed an exact number of 78 of them did
agree strongly. However total number of 28 respondents
disagreed with this thesis among which 2 disagreed strongly.
Meanwhile some respondents neither disagreed nor agreed,
their population summing up to an exact number of 107.
TABLE XXVI
CLOUD AND IOT BASED ORGANIZATIONS ARE UNDER PRESSURE TO
IMPLEMENT INNOVATIVE DATA AND GOVERNANCE POLICIES

Fig 21. Complying to the IT Governance

TABLE XXVIII
A STRONG GOVERNANCE AND COMPLIANCE FRAMEWORK IS IMPORTANT FOR
SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF IOT AND CLOUD

Fig 20.Cloud and IoT based Organizations

TABLE XXVII
COMPLYING WITH THE IT GOVERNANCE GUIDELINES IS A MAJOR CHALLENGE Fig 22. A Strong Governance and compliance framework
FOR AN IOT AND CLOUD BASED ORGANIZATION

In congruence to the data result computed in Table. 28 and

Fig 22, most of the respondents, exactly 341 in number agreed
that a strong governance and compliance framework is
important for successful implementation of IoT and cloud.
Whereas very few of the respondents disagreed to this fact.
TABLE XXIX
IT GOVERNANCE PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN PROMOTING DATA SECURITY AND
DEVELOPING CONFIDENCE IN IOT AND CLOUD BASED USERS

In conformance with data recorded in Table 27 and Fig 21,

a total number of 273 respondents agreed that complying with
the IT governance guidelines is a major challenge for an IoT
and cloud based organization. Exactly 91 of these respondents
strongly agreed to this fact. Meanwhile few respondents of
about 32 in number disagreed to the IT governance guidelines
is a major challenge for an IoT and cloud based organization

30
 TABLE XXXI
SHIFTING TO A NEW CLOUD ENVIRONMENT TAKES A LOT OF PLANNING, TIME
AND RESOURCES

Fig 23. IT Governance plays

In accordance to the data computed in Table.29 and Fig 23,

a total number of 338 out of 405 respondents agreed with the
notion: IT governance plays a major role in promoting data
security and developing confidence in IoT and cloud based
users. Among thedse respondents who agreed with this notion,
a number of 133 of them strongly did. Meanwhile a negligible
number relative to the total respondents disagreed with this
notion. And about 12.6 percent of the total respondents are
neutral toward the notion.

D. Portability and Interoperability

From the data recorded in Table 52 and Fig 24, exactly 274
out of 405 respondents agreed that considerable amount of
cost and time is required for the transfer of components or Fig 25. Shifting to anew cloud environment
resources from one cloud environment to another without
losing data. And 88 respondents among these respondents Following the data computed in Table 31 and Fig 25,
strongly agreed, giving the percentage of 67.6 percent of those exactly 291 respondents agreed that shifting to a new cloud
who agreed and 21.7 of those who agreed strongly. However a environment takes a lot of planning, time and resources. 122
total number of 46 respondents did not agree and a negligible respondents strongly agreed to this supposition. However
number of 2 relative to the total number of respondents, about 33 respondents disagreed which 1 out of them strongly
strongly disagreed. did. The remaining respondents are neutral towards it.
TABLE XXX TABLE XXXII
CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF COST AND TIME IS REQUIRED FOR THE TRANSFER CLOUD PORTABILITY IS NECESSARY TO ENSURE CONSISTENT ACCESS TO
OF COMPONENTS OR RESOURCES FROM ONE CLOUD ENVIRONMENT TO VALUABLE DATA
ANOTHER WITHOUT LOSING DATA

Fig 24. Considerable amount of cost and time Fig 26. Cloud Portability

31
 In conformance to the data computed in Table 32 and Fig In accordance to the data result in Fig 60 and 61, total
26, a large number of respondents, about 335 in number number of 216 respondents agreed with the supposition that
agreed with fact that cloud portability is necessary to ensure Interoperability makes it difficult to monitor and control all
consistent access to valuable data. And exactly 120 the systems collaborating inside and outside cloud. About 58
respondents strongly showed their agreement. However, few of these respondents strongly agreed with this fact. However,
respondents, about 17 of them expressed their dissensions. some respondents up to 68 in number did not agree and about
TABLE XXXIII
7 of the respondents strongly expressed their dissensions
IT IS DIFFICULT TO RETAIN SAME CLOUD/IOT FUNCTIONALITY AFTER SHIFTING toward this supposition.
TO A NEW CLOUD ENVIRONMENT

In congruence to data result in Table 33 and Fig 27, total

number of 194 respondents agreed with the notion stating, it is
difficult to retain same cloud/IoT functionality after shifting to Fig 28.Interoperabillty
a new cloud environment. 56 of these respondents strongly
TABLE XXXVII
agreed. However a few number of respondents covering CLOUD/IOT INTEROPERABILITY EXPOSES THE NETWORK TO SECURITY AND
exactly 21.5 percent of the total respondents still disagreed PRIVACY THREATS
with this notion.

Fig 27. Retain same Cloud/IoT functionallity

TABLE XXXVI
INTEROPERABILITY MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO MONITOR AND CONTROL ALL THE
SYSTEMS COLLABORATING INSIDE AND OUTSIDE CLOUD

Fig 29.Cloud/IoT Interoperability

According to the result showed in Table 37 and Fig 29,

total number of 243 respondents concurred that Cloud/IoT
interoperability exposes the network to security and privacy
threats. And a number 78 of these respondents did agree
strongly with this. However few respondents, summing 50 in
number disagreed with this thesis and 6 out of these
respondents strongly expressed their dissensions

32
 TABLE XXXVIII states that lack of skilled professionals is this area is a major
ABSENCE OF A COMMON CLOUD COMPUTING INTERFACE MAKES
challenged faced by many organizations. This also states that
INTEROPERABILITY AMONG CLOUD CHALLENGING
most of the companies has not given enough amount of
training to their employees on the emerging technologies. This
gives us a confirmation that cloud and IoT training providers
has huge sales opportunities in various industries. As per the
responses the limitation of the existing infrastructure is a
major challenge for many organizations to move smoothly
into cloud and IoT. They are hesitant to migrate based on their
fear of the business impact which even has a positive
relationship on their lack of knowledge.
The survey results also states that companies has budget
constraints affecting them from moving to cloud and IoT
based technologies. The study also states that many
companies are spending good amount of money for innovation
and research. This can even affect the role of a CIO to a chief
technology research officer or to chief innovation officer. The
study also states that organizations are facing a great
challenge in implementing the best technology at reasonable
costs. This has great relationship with CIOs budget planning
and the cost optimization solution provided by cloud service
providers. A zero error rate budget and cost solution from the
cloud service providers can greatly overcome the fear of cost
faced by organizations and it can lead to implementation of
cloud and IoT services. A wise investment strategy or proper
strategic methodologies would help these organizations to
come out of their various fear factors like skill set,
infrastructure limitations, training, budget issues etc.
The performance and security analysis of this study shows
Fig 30.Absence of a common
that the most of the It business & leaders that the cloud and
According to the data recorded in Table 38 and Fig 30, IoT platform should be responsive to the business needs and
should be able to give reliable results. The study also states
most of the respondents agreed with the fact that absence of a
that the expectation of the cloud and IoT platform is that they
common cloud computing interface makes interoperability
among cloud challenging. 16.8 percent of the total handle maximum workload with the available infrastructure
respondents strongly agreed with this. Meanwhile few so there is huge business demand for scalability in cloud and
IoT platforms. The cloud service providers should come up
respondents covering 6.2 percent of the total respondents
with innovative solutions to extend the scalability based on
expressed their disagreement towards this fact.
the business demands. The expectation of an ideal cloud/IoT
platform is that they perform the tasks within the stipulated
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
period of time so this proves that efficiency and performance
In particular, CIO as a senior level overseer requires key, has great demand in the business. Most of the IT and business
business and authoritative abilities. A CIO should have leaders consider network security as a major challenge for
extraordinary capabilities as a rule cognizance of IT, however cloud and IoT platforms. The study also states that the number
the key is the ability to lead and supervise IT authorities' of devices on the infrastructure increases there is a likelihood
purposely right route for the organization. Those abilities of more security issues. The study also states that security
change from the capacities required for IT authorities, in this threats and constantly evolving with technological progress
way making such job way extremely troublesome. This and the cloud based organizations needs to regularly update
investigation has judicious congruity for enrollment and and improve their security mechanisms. These results proves
progression of CIOs. This investigation also analysed the that the cloud service providers should come up with
various challenges faced by CIOs in cloud and IoT based innovative solutions to reduce security issues and also prove
orgaizations.Business understanding and essential that minimal security violations are occurring on their
organization aptitudes should be joined into headway infrastructure.
programs for potential CIO's. This investigation was done by The Analysis of compliance and governance and challenges
analyzing slants of experts who are or were working in IT and states that Cloud/IoT organizations are burdened with
business areas in cloud and IoT based organizations. exhaustive rigid compliance guidelines. This could be a
The study states that the CIOs face high challenges during reason why some of the BFSI sectors are still in a dilemma
the implementation of cloud and IoT. The responses states that whether to adopt cloud and IoT technologies. Majority of the
most of the IT& business leaders are in favor of implementing respondents states that security compliance has high
cloud and IoT in their organizations. This proves that there is importance to ensure a foolproof IoT and cloud platform.The
huge scope of business for cloud and IoT service providers too. demand for compliance requirement has increased with an
The analysis of challenges based in resources and cost factors increase in the number of users and interconnected devices.

33
This again points back to the analysis made earlier about the Splendid CIOs and senior IT authorities have begun to get a
relationship of security with the device count. The adherence handle these challenges to ensure key course of action for
to SLA is considered to be a major challenges by majority of their IT and business goals. Through a blend of planning,
cloud and IoT organizations.A proper service planning continuing with preparing, instructing programs and simply
portfolio from the cloud service providers can eliminate these inserting themselves into more business trades among their
sort of challenges faced by the organizations adopting the non-specialized official allies, the CIOs has to venture
cloud. There is also challenges in aligning cloud and IoT forward.
objectives with the overall business strategy of the company.
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