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    Assignment 1

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    Samarth
    1) The first document summarizes a study that aimed to disseminate positive psychology exercises through an online trial. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 2, 4, or 6 exercises. While attrition rates did not differ, those receiving more exercises completed more. However, those with fewer exercises showed more improvement. 2) The second document reviews studies on positive psychology interventions for breast cancer patients. Interventions like mindfulness and meaning-making techniques improved quality of life, well-being, hope and optimism. However, some samples were small and homogeneous. 3) The third document provides an overview of positive psychology interventions like savoring, optimism and gratitude. It describes how PPIs have been delivered and their

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    Assignment 1

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    Samarth
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    1) The first document summarizes a study that aimed to disseminate positive psychology exercises through an online trial. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 2, 4, or 6 exercises. While attrition rates did not differ, those receiving more exercises completed more. However, those with fewer exercises showed more improvement. 2) The second document reviews studies on positive psychology interventions for breast cancer patients. Interventions like mindfulness and meaning-making techniques improved quality of life, well-being, hope and optimism. However, some samples were small and homogeneous. 3) The third document provides an overview of positive psychology interventions like savoring, optimism and gratitude. It describes how PPIs have been delivered and their

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    1) The first document summarizes a study that aimed to disseminate positive psychology exercises through an online trial. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 2, 4, or 6 exercises. While attrition rates did not differ, those receiving more exercises completed more. However, those with fewer exercises showed more improvement. 2) The second document reviews studies on positive psychology interventions for breast cancer patients. Interventions like mindfulness and meaning-making techniques improved quality of life, well-being, hope and optimism. However, some samples were small and homogeneous. 3) The third document provides an overview of positive psychology interventions like savoring, optimism and gratitude. It describes how PPIs have been delivered and their

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views4 pages

    Assignment 1

    Uploaded by

    Samarth
    1) The first document summarizes a study that aimed to disseminate positive psychology exercises through an online trial. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 2, 4, or 6 exercises. While attrition rates did not differ, those receiving more exercises completed more. However, those with fewer exercises showed more improvement. 2) The second document reviews studies on positive psychology interventions for breast cancer patients. Interventions like mindfulness and meaning-making techniques improved quality of life, well-being, hope and optimism. However, some samples were small and homogeneous. 3) The third document provides an overview of positive psychology interventions like savoring, optimism and gratitude. It describes how PPIs have been delivered and their

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    1) Disseminating Self-Help: Positive Psychology

    Exercises in an Online Trial


    - Stephen M Schueller, PhD

    Research Problem –
    This study aimed at finding methods of dissemination that are able to increase the effectiveness and
    acceptability of positive psychology interventions among the society.

    Literature Review –
    Many methods have been used to study the behaviour and acceptability of positive
    psychology interventions. Two of them are as follows:
    a) This intervention was aimed at increasing happiness. College students were provided
    a course where they had to mimic the behaviours of happy people. This led to
    significant improvements in the happiness levels if the people.
    b) A positive psychology app named live happy was used by many people and they
    reported an increase in their mood and happiness within 2 weeks. People who
    completed more tasks on the app felt more boost in their self-confidence.

    Hypothesis​-
    Researchers presumed that providing more exercises would lead to increased benefits as compared to
    single exercise.

    Research Design and methods used​:


    Researchers offered a web portal where people will randomly be alloted 2, 4 or 6 intervention exercise
    package and then subsequent follow up will take place. The aim was to examine the effects of
    increased intervention length and its acceptability as compared to single exercise or personalized
    treatment.

    Sample data:
    Participants were people who visited the website between February 2007 and November 2008. They
    were predominantly women (76%). The mean age was 43 years. Most of them lived in US. Most of
    them were married with high income levels.

    Analysis and results


    a) Increase in the amount of exercise did not show a difference in the attrition rates. Participants
    in 2, 4 and 6 exercise package dropped out at nearly the same rate.
    b) Receiving more exercises resulted in people completing more exercises. This may be because
    from a variety of option available more people will eventually find some exercise that fit them
    and will perform them.
    c) People with less no of exercises showed more improvement as compared to the ones with
    large no of exercises. Reason could be that the diverse range of exercises led to splitting of
    time in all of them instead of properly performing each exercises.

    Limitations:
    a) Participants were mostly female, highly earning and well-educated people from US. The data
    collection process should have been improved to involve all types of people from all parts if
    the world.
    b) Instructions and follow up was done on weekly basis on the website. But there was no
    monitoring on whether people completed them as instructed or did more exercise in some
    weeks and did nothing in other.

    2) ​Positive
    psychology interventions in breast cancer.
    A systematic review

    Objective –

    This review aims at synthesizing the evidence of use of positive psychology interventions in
    the breast cancer patients.

    Research Design and methods used​:

    Many papers were searched on platforms like Scopus, TDX and Wiley online library. Those
    papers which utilized the positive psychology interventions in breast cancer treatment were
    included for the study. Articles published in English and Spanish were only considered. Only
    those articles were included which mentioned the use of at least one of the positive
    interventions with breast cancer patients.

    Sample data:

    16 Studies with sample sizes varying from 14 to 194 patients. Participants were mostly
    married or partnered with a mean age ranging from 49 through 61.

    Analysis and results

    Use of various interventions like Mindfulness-based interventions, Meaning-making


    interventions, Written expression of positive emotions, Psycho-spiritual interventions, Hope
    intervention were used in these studies. Use of these interventions resulted in enhancement
    of Quality of life, overall well being, development of hope, meaning for life, happiness,
    satisfaction and optimism​.

    Limitations​:
    a) Some sample sizes were as small as 60 participants which limits the statistical power
    to detect the intervention effects.
    b) Some samples were highly homogeneous including only whites, married or partnered
    and some were not going cancer treatment at the time of the interventions and hence
    limits the external validity of the interventions.
    3) ​Positive Psychological Interventions: An Overview

    Research and Discussion

    This paper gives an overview about positive psychological interventions starting with

    defining PPI in the perspective of various researchers and tried to identify which definition

    fits the bets in the current scenario. Then it goes on to describe various types of PPI’s namely:

    1) savoring, 2) optimism, 3) kindness, 4) meaning, 5) gratitude, 6) strengths, and 7)

    empathy

    Each of these is explained and how they help improving the overall quality of life. Later on in

    the paper an overview of various modalities is provided which explains ways in which PPIs

    have been disseminated. There have been book based interventions and Classroom courses

    explaining positive psychology. It was found that people reading books on positive

    psychology and books on controlling depression found the former one more effective

    showing the impact of positive psychology. These methods were not accessible to everyone

    since not everyone could buy a book on this or take out time to read a book or attend a class.

    Hence some websites and mobile apps have been released which try various PPIs and have

    impacted people in a positive manner.

    PPIs was mostly experimented on healthy individuals but this also has a great impact on

    mental patients and patients with other disease. PPIs help in improving their morale and

    inculcates hope in them.


    Limitations:

    Many people drop out from a process of PPI. Hence it is very important for any platform

    acting as a PPI to engage audience till the point some result could be drawm out of that

    exercise.

    Link to all three papers:

    1) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228066028_Disseminating_Self-Help_Positive_P

    sychology_Exercises_in_an_Online_Trial

    2) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pon.3353

    3) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304930527_Positive_Psychology_Interventions_

    An_Overview

    Name : Anurag Goyal


    Entry No: 2016CE10236

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