Connection of Various Member PDF

TITLE
Connection of various
member
of steel structure
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Aim and objective
3. Theory
4. Different technique used
5. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Connections are the devices which are used to
joints elements of a structure together at a
point such that forces can be transferred
between them safely.
Steel structure is an assemblage of
different member such as
“BEAMS,COLUMNS,’’ which are connected
to one other.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
The design of a structure must satisfy
three basic requirements:
• 1) Stability to prevent overturning,
sliding or buckling of the structure, or
parts of it, under the action of loads,
• 2) Strength to resist safely the stresses
induced by the loads in the various
structural members; and
• 3) Serviceability to ensure satisfactory
performance under service load conditions
– which implies providing adequate
stiffness and reinforcements to contain
deflections, crack- widths and vibrations
within acceptable limits.
THEORY
A structure can become compacted and
functional only when its various components are
satisfactorily connected.
There are several types of connection in steel
structure . There some connection are riveted ,
bolted . Welded connection . But present day
riveted connection get less popular . Mainly bolted
and riveted connection are used .
DIFFERENT TECHNIQUE USED
TYPES OF CONNECTIONS :
Riveted connection
Bolted connection
Welded connection
RIVETED CONNECTION
A rivet consist of a
cylindrical portion known
as “shank” and a head
which may be either
conical or nearly
hemispherical.
The process of riveting consists of heating
the
rivet and it is placed in the hole while it is still
hot and then the shank end is upset by
hammer to form a section head .
FIG : RIVETED CONNECTION
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:
1) Reliable, high 1) Complex structure,
toughness and large steel consumption,
plasticity, easy to huge construction trouble
maintenance and and noise.
safeguard. It’s specially
for the heavy duty steel
structure.
FIG. BOLTED CONNECTION
BOLTED CONNECTION One end of the bolt is
formed of a solid and at
the other end of the
shank, threads are
provided on which a nut
moves. Washers are flat
discs of iron and they
are placed under the nut
to prevent the possible
injury by the nut to the
surface when nut is
pressed . The size of
bolt is calculated
according to stresses
which they have to resist
. Bolts may be of steel ,
wrought-iron or brass.
Advantages and disadvantages
• Advantages • Disadvantages
1. No risk of fire 1. It too much chance
during the to loosen of nut
connection during earthquake
2. Connection are
made fast and
easily
3. Skill labouris
not required
4. Noise
during
connection
is negligible
WELDED CONNECTION
The art of welding has become very popular
within the past few years and it is being now
applied in all types of steelwork. There are
two methods of welding connections,
namely,
1) Plastic welding
2) Fusion welding
1) Plastic welding:
• It is sometimes done on a forge fire or heat
is generated by electric current passed
through the part being welded.
• Thus, the parts to be welded are brought
in plastic state and welding is carried out.
• It is also known as forge welding and it is
confined to the welding of rods and small
pieces.
2) Fusion welding:
• In this process, the edges of two adjacent
pieces of metal are heated to fusion and
then allowed to cool down.
• It is also known as autogenous welding.
• The high temperatures required for such
fusion may be obtained either by electric
arc or oxy-acetylene flame or molten iron
and the processes are accordingly known
as:
a) Electric arc welding
b) Oxy-acetylene welding
c) Thermit welding
a) Electric arc welding:
• Electric arc welding is a process that is used to
join metal to metal by using electricity to create
enough heat to melt metal, and the melted metals
when cool result in a binding of the metals.
• It is a type of welding that uses a welding power
supply to create an electric arc between an
electrode and the base material to melt the
metals at the welding point.
• Today it remains an important process for the
fabrication of steel structures and vehicles. Any
broken parts of any steel structure can also be
repaired by this method of welding.
b) Oxy-acetylene welding:
• In this method intend heat is produced by
combining oxygen and acetylene gas which melts
the electrodes and deposits the molten metal at
the joint and then allowed to cool down.
• The apparatus used in this method is known as
oxyacetylene torch and it is very simple and can
be easily carried from one place to other.
• So this process is widely used for repair works
where the amount of welding is not large as the
initial cost is comparatively low.
FIG- oxyacetylene torch

c) Thermite welding:
• The necessary heat for joining metal of
thermite welding is obtained from chemical
reaction of metal oxide and metal reducing
agent.
• Usually iron oxide is used as a metal oxide
and aluminum or magnesium is used as
metal reducing agent.
TYPES OF WELD
There are two types of weld. These are,
1) Fillet weld
2) Butt weld
FILLET WELD
The butt joint is obtained by placing the plate edge to edge.
Type of buR joint :
Symbol:
The other type of welded joints are corner joints, edge joint and T joint.
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES: the need for splice plates.
1) The welding
process offers an
air tight and water
tight joint.
2) Welded structures
are comparatively
lighter than
corresponding
riveted or bolted
structures.
3) Welding eliminates
DISADVANTAGE:
1) The high
stiffness leads
to out of shape
easily. The
welding seams
has strong
susceptibility to
the low
temperature.
2) Crack may
easily occur
during
earthquake.
CONCLUSION
• Riveted joints were preferred for connecting
steel components for many years.
• However these days, rivets have become
less popular and have become unusual
because riveted joint is less economical then
bolted joint and welded joint.
• Moreover it takes more time for fittings then
bolted joints.
• Installation process of bolted connection is
easy then welded connection and riveted
connection and skilled labour is not required
for installation.
THANK
YOU

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FIG- oxyacetylene torch

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