CLIMATE CHANGE persists for an extended period,

typically decades or longer

PHEENOMENON - long term shifts in global or regional
climate patterns. Often, climate change
________________ – current condition of refers specifically to the rise in global
the atmosphere such as TEMPERATURE, temperature from the mid 20th to
RAINFALL, WIND AND HUMIDITY at a given present.
place.
________________
________________ – measure of the – phenomenon of increasing average air
hotness or coldness of a substance. temperature near the surface of earth over
- Average kinetic energy or molecules. the past one to two centuries

________________ – condensed moisture CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

that falls to the ground - natural internal processes or external
forcing or persistent anthropogenic
________________ – movement of air. air changes in the composition of the
in natural motions atmosphere or in land use (IPPC –
INTERGOVERMENTAL PANEL ON
________________ – force exerted against CLIMATE CHANGE)
a surface by the weight of the air above the - concentration of carbon and
surface greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

________________ – moisture content of CAUSES OF GLOBALWARMING

the atmosphere. It is also the amount of - concentration of carbon and other
water vapor in the air. greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

________________ – “WEATHER SPEHERE” GREENHOUSE GASES (GHG)

 ________________ – forest activities,
________________ – average condition of machines and motors that uses coal
the atmosphere over a long period of time. and natural gases
It is also the average weather in a locality  ________________ – agricultural
over a number of year activities, waste dumps, coal beds,
leaks from gas pipelines
CLASSIFICATION OF CLIMATE
 ________________ – intensive
- ________________ agriculture and animal waste handling
- ________________
 ________________
- ________________
 ________________ - lower
atmosphere from automobile exhaust
fumes

CARBON AND OTHER GREENHOUSE

GASES ARE RELEASED THROUGH
LESSON 1: CLIMATE CHANGE
NATURAL PROCESS;
PHENOMENON
1. ________________
2. ________________
TYPHOO ________________
3. ________________
- Made landfall in the Philippines on
4. ________________
November 8, 2013 in the island of
5. ________________
Leyte, Tacloban City.
6. ________________
________________
- state of the climate that can be
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
identified by changes in the mean or
 _____________________________
the variability of its properties and that
 - dry season will become drier while of coastal lands, and destruction of
the wet season will become wetter. coastal infrastructure.
- stronger winds will be felt along  _____________________________
with more erratic rainfall patterns - higher incidence of vector-borne
- typhoons and storms will become disease, such as malaria and dengue,
more frequent and intense is expected during warmer and rainy
- heat and cold waves will be seasons respectively
rampant - incidence of respiratory disease
 _____________________________ due to pollutants and GHGs will
- most of the emissions are increase and affect human health
produced by the energy and and welfare
transport sector activities
- it will affect the health of people
- it will affect the cleanliness of INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS ON CLIMATE
environment CHANGE
 _____________________________
- the current dominant species may International
not survive while others may  _____________________________
proliferate - 1979
- the geographic range of forest - urged governments to identify and
trees may also shift prevent human-induced climate
- forest health will be affected changes that are harmful to
 _____________________________ humanity and diversity
- crop yields will be affected by  _____________________________
droughts and floods - 1992
-there will be adverse impact to the - constitutes the foundational
country’s irrigation system and food climate agreement that has
supply provided the platform for most
 _____________________________ subsequent international climate
- water supply will be affected when agreements
salt water intrusion occurs due to  _____________________________
the rising of sea level - 1998
- reduction of potable water - provides regular assessments of
- induced competition for water the scientific basis of climate
resources among communities change, its impacts and future risks
 _____________________________ and option for adaptation and
-rising sea-surface temperatures mitigation
(SSTs) result in coral bleaching or  _____________________________
death of coral reefs - 2005
- this will affect fisheries yield and - operationalizes the UNFCCC by
other marine interactions committing industrialized countries
- other natural ecosystems such as to limit and reduce greenhouse
the mangrove areas, sea grass beds, gases emissions in accordance with
wetlands, and others will also be agreed individual targets
disturbed by the environment  _____________________________
 _____________________________ -2015
-A warmer climate triggers the -central aim is to strengthen the
melting of ice glaciers and ice caps, global response to the threat of
and the thermal expansion of the climate change by keeping global
oceans resulting in rise in sea-level temperature rise this century well
- the accelerated rise in sea-level will below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-
exacerbate beach erosion, flooding industrial levels and to pursue
efforts to limit the temperature
 increase even further to 1.5 degrees - Adjustment in ecological, social, or
Celsius economic systems in response to
climate change

NATIONAL EFFORTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE TIPS ON HOW TO HAVE A “LOW CARBON

DIET”
Philippines
 _____________________________ 1.
- 1991 2.
- coordinate various activities and 3.
provide technical support on climate 4.
change issues 5.
 _____________________________ 6.
- 1992 7.
 _____________________________ 8.
- 1994 9.
 _____________________________ 10.
- 1998 11.
 _____________________________
- 2003 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
 _____________________________
HAZARD AND DISASTERS
- 2009
- act mainstreaming climate change
_____________ – water
into government policy
_____________ – scientific study of the
formulations, establishing the
atmosphere
framework strategy and program on
climate change and creating climate
__________________________ – processes
change commission
or phenomenon of atmospheric
 _____________________________
hydrological or oceanographic nature that
- 2010
may cause loss of life, injury or other health
- effort in climate change adaptation
impacts, property damage, loss of
in nine major sectors namely,
livelihoods and services, social and
agriculture, biodiversity, coastal and
economic disruption or environmental
marine, fishery, water, health,
damage
energy and infrastructure
 _____________________________
- 2010
- Provide guiding principles in the
formulation of the National and Sub-
_____________ No rain / drought
National development planning
- Dried up fields and lowering of water in
process
dams
 _____________________________
- “el nino” means the “_____________”
-2011
in spanish
-formulated the country’s agenda
for climate change mitigation and
_____________ Heavy rainfall and other
adaptation
water related hazards such as flooding
_____________________________
ENSO
- Includes the reduction of sources of
- __________________________
GHG emission
- The recurring climate pattern involving
- Increase of terrestrial storage of carbon
changes in the temperature of waters
_____________________________
in the central and eastern tropical
Pacific Ocean and the patterns of sea
 level pressure, lower- and upper-level 1.
winds and tropical rainfall across the 2.
Pacific basin. 3.
4.

TROPICAL CYCLONE  Strong winds

- Around ___ tropical cyclones enters the  Landslides
PAR  Mudflows
- Intense low pressure systems with a  _____________ – localized storm
maximum sustained wind velocity of 35 cloud that produces lightning and
kilometers per hour (KPH) thunder, and often brings heavy rain
- Low pressure systems formed in the shower or hail as well as gusty winds
tropics 3 STAGES OF THUNDER STORM
1.
ANATOMY OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE 2.
 _______ – low pressure center 3.
which has no rain and wind
 _________ – most dangerous and THUNDER STORM CAN PRODUCE
destructive part of the cyclone DANGEROUS WEATHER CONDITIONS SUCH
 _________ – secondary cells AS;
arranged in the bands around the 1. _____________ – ice crystals falling
center from thunderstorm
2. _____________ – most dangerous
HURRICANE VS TYPHOON hazard associated with
_______________ thunderstorm, is a visible electrical
- North Atlantic, Central North Pacific discharge due to high voltage
and Eastern North Pacific differences that build up within the
_______________ clouds and ground
- Northwest Pacific  ___________
HAZARDS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES – localized windstorm characterized
 _________ – overflowing of water by a visible funnel-shaped, rapidly
from lakes, streams, and other whirling cloud extending from the
bodies of water base of a dark cumulonimbus cloud
-wind speeds are estimated to
3 TYPES OF FLOODS exceed 450 KPH and last for a few
__________ – caused by overflowing of minutes
rivers when the run-off exceeds the
capacity of the channels _________________ – when
__________ – caused by a very short tornado moves over the body of
period of unusually heavy rainfall water
__________ –occurs when strong onshore
winds push the water inland  __________ – lack of rainfall for
normal needs
 Storm
HISTORY OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
 TYPHOON _____________
 _____________ – sudden rise of sea International Name: Ketsana
level above normal level on the September 26, 2009
coast due to a drop in atmospheric Luzon
pressure and the force of the wind Submerged areas like Metro Manila
as a tropical cyclone approaches the in floods at record-breaking levels
coast  TYPHOON ____________
CAUSES OF STORM SURGE International Name: Mangkhut
 September 15, 2018 - People are advised to seek shelter in
Cagayan strong buildings, evacuate low-lying
 TYPHOON ____________ areas and stay away from the coastal
International Name: Haiyan and riverbanks
November 8, 2013
Across the Visayas Region SIGNAL 4
 HURRICANE ___________ - Very strong winds of more than
August 29, 2005 _______ kph
Gulf Coast, United States - Many large trees may be uprooted
One of the strongest and largest - Most residential and institutional
hurricane ever recorded to make buildings of mixed construction may be
landfall in the U.S. severely damaged
- Electrical power distribution and
communication services may be
severely disrupted
CATEGORIES OF TROPICAL CYCLONES - Evacuation to safer shelters should
 TROPICAL ___________ have been completed since it may be
- 35-63KPH too late in this situation
 TROPICAL ___________
- 64KPH TO 117KPH
 ___________ UNIT 4 FIRE
- 117KPH TO 180KPH
 ___________
FIRE PREVENTION AND
- More than 180KPH
RESPONSE
PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS
SIGNAL 1 ___________
- Winds of ________ kph - Visible, tangible side effect of matter
- Twigs and branches of small trees may changing form
be broken - A chemical reaction
- Some houses of very light materials - Discovered for the purpose of giving
may be partially unroofed heat
- People are advised to listen to the - Contributes to the development of
latest severe weather bulletin issued by human civilization
PAGASA
GENERAL KINDS OF FIRE
SIGNAL 2  FIRE TRIGGERED BY NATURAL
- Winds of greater than ________ kph HAZARD
and up to ________kph - _____________
- A few big trees may be uprooted - _____________
- The winds may bring light to moderate - _____________
damage to the exposed communities  FIRE TRIGGERED BY HUMAN-MADE
- People travelling by sea and air are CONDITIONS
cautioned to avoid unnecessary risk - _____________
- _____________
SIGNAL 3 - _____________
- Winds of greater than _______ kph and
up to _______ kph  FIRE DUE TO MISMANAGEMENT
- There may be widespread disruption of - _____________
electrical power and communication
services
- Moderate to heavy damage particularly
in the agricultural and industrial sectors
TRINGLE OF COMBUSTION - _______
- _______
- _______
- _______

STAGES OF FIRE
I. _________ Stages
- Fuel and oxygen are exposed to heat,
resulting to sustained chemical
reaction
FIRE TETDRAHEDRON - Fire can still be controlled by removing
one of elements
- Can be controlled using fire
extinguisher

II. _________ Stage

- Initial flame becomes another source
of heat and additional fuel ignites
- Heat is transferred through convection
and radiation which ignites more
combustible materials
- CONDUCTION, CONVECTION,
THE COMBUSTION PROCESS RADIATION
____________ – rapid oxidation at a very III. _________ Stage
high temperature - The fire spreads and consumes all
____________ – chemical process available fuel
characterized by a loss of electron - Temperature reaches its peak and
oxygen and other materials are
COMBUSTION consumed rapidly
IV. _________ stage (burnout)
- Fire consumes all available fuel and
the temperature decreases
FIRE PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
 Ensuring that the building design
follows the standard rules regarding
fire safety like having appropriate
electrical system, fire exits and
sprinklers system
 Proper storage of materials that are
CLASSES OF FIRES combustible, separating them from
 CLASS A FIRE – involves ordinary possible sources of heat
combustible materials  Regular inspection of electrical
- ________ wiring, cooking equipment, electrical
- ________ wiring, cooking equipment, electrical
- ________ appliances especially air
- ________ conditioning units
 Securing fire insurance
 CLASS B FIRES – involves flammable FIRE PREPAREDNESS
liquids and chemicals  Having a fire contingency plan and
- ________ and other chemicals warning system
 Conducting fire education seminars
 CLASS C FIRE – __________ and drills
 CLASS D FIRE – involves metal  Having fire extinguishers
  Following safety tips ____________ – For the purpose of
 Setting evacuation areas and alleviating the sufferings brought by
protocols for evacuation disasters, wars and other emergency
FIRE RESPONSE situations
 Controlling fire immediately DISASTER = HAZARD
 Evacuating fro the burning building
 Conducting search and rescue _________________
operation - Improvement in the approach of
 Providing first aid and medical emergency management concept
service - One step backward before a disaster or
 Conducting relief operations crisis happens
 Following safety tips when there is D = H + Unpreparedness
fire
RECOVERY FROM FIRE Disaster = (Hazard) (Vulnerability)/Capacity
 Assessing damages and needs
 Clearing debris Disaster = (Hazard)(Vulnerability)(Exposure)
 Retrieving documents and record /Capacity
retrieval from other sources SLC
P
G
M
D
A
IO
T
N
V
E
RY S P
D
IM TSER
C
A

 Providing financial assistance

R EV
P TIO N
N
I TIG
M O
A
DN
N REC OVERY

BFP – _______________________________

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND

MANAGEMENT
____________ – a system of rules, ideas, or
beliefs that is used to plan or decide
something
____________ – danger or the possibility of
danger, defeat or loss
____________ – A model of something or a
very clear and typical example of something
____________ – act of stopping something
from happening
____________ – act of reducing how
harmful, unpleasant or bad something is
____________ – State of being prepared for
a particular situation
____________ – a dangerous or serious “DISASTER
situation such as an accident that happens MANAGEMENT
suddenly or unexpectedly and needs CYCYLE
immediate action
______________________________
____________ - The process of getting
______________________________
something back
(CBDO-DR)
____________ – Activity of controlling
“aims to contribute to pro-people
something of of using or dealing with
development for the general
something in a way that is effective
improvement of the well-being and
____________ – Plan that is made for
quality of life for the majority of the
dealing with an emergency or with
Filipinos”
something that might possibly happen and
cause problems in the future
CBDO-DR DISTINGUISHING
FEATURE
 1. it raises a question of environmental and technological
vulnerability when it comes disasters
to disaster
2. it recognizes people’s
existing capacities and aims
to strengthen them
3. it contributes to addressing
the roots of vulnerabilities
and transforming or
removing the structures
generating inequity and
underdevelopment
4. it considers people’s
participation essentially to
disaster ____________________________________
5. it puts a premium on the ___________________
organization capacity of the - Building Resilience of Nations and
vulnerable sectors through Communities to Disaster
the formation of grassroots - Adopted by 168 countries during the
disaster response World Conference on Disaster Risk
organizations Reduction held in Kobe Hyogo
6. it mobilizes the less prefecture, Japan on January 18 to 22,
vulnerable sectors into 2005
partnership with the - A comprehensive action-oriented
vulnerable sectors and response to international concern
development work about the growing impacts of disasters
on individuals, communities and
PARADIGM SHIFT national development policies, in
Emergency Management >> Disaster Risk addition to being of interest to various
Reduction science humanitarian and
environmental fields
NEW PARADIGM: Disaster Risk Reduction ___________________________________
BY THE PROCESS OF: Disaster Risk ________________________
Management - Aims reduce global mortality number of
affected people and economic loss;
__________________________ increase the number of countries with
- new framework disaster risk reduction strategies and
- conceptual framework of elements the availability of and access to multi-
considered with the possibilities to hazard early warning systems and
minimize vulnerabilities and disaster disaster risk information and
risk throughout a society, to avoid or to assessment to the people; multi-hazard
limit the impact early warning systems and disaster risk
________________________ information and assessments to the
- process people
- systematic process of using
administrative decisions, organizations, COMMUNITY-BASED
operational skills and capacities to
implement policies, strategies and DISASTER RISK
coping mechanisms of the society and MANAGEMENT (CBDRM)
communities to lessen the impact of
natural hazards and related ________________________________
________________

disaster
impact

preparedness response

risk
reduction
 prevention
and recovery
mitigation

development

- aims to transform passivity and and the people’s skills, resources

powerlessness into action and and readiness to undertake DRR
resilience 6. _____________________________
– recognition of different needs,
activities, perception and priorities
of men and women
GOALS OF CBDRM 7. ______________________________
1. REDUCTION OF PEOPLE’S – Respect for the community
VULNERABILITIES culture, traditions and customs
2. PUBLIC SAFETY AND REDUCTION OF 8. _____________________________
THE IMPACT OF HAZARD ON LIVES, – recognition of the community and
PROPERTY, RESOURCES AND people’s organization
ENVIRONMENT 9. ______________________________
3. EMPOWERMENT OF INDIVIDUALS ______________________________
AND COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS ________________________ –
4. TRANSFORMATION OF STRUCTURES Incorporation of people’s perception
AND RELATIONSHIPS THAT on vulnerability and capacity with
GENERATES INEQUITY AND expert’s knowledge on hazard
UNDERDEVELOPMENT assessment
10. ______________________________
Social Conditions that Perpetuate _____________________________
Vulnerability –involvement and all out support of
• local and national governments and
• civil society
• 11. ______________________________
• ______________________________
______________________________
ELEMENTS OF GOOD PRACTICE IN CBDRM – Building upon and strengthening
(MEMORIZE 4 TO 5 ELEMENTS W/ BRIEF community’s coping strategies and
DESCRIPTION) capacities to reduce conditions,
1. _____________________________- factors and processes of
community manages the vulnerabilities including poverty,
implementation of DRR measures social inequality, and promoting
though CBDRM process may have safer environment
been facilitated by outsiders 12. ______________________________
2. ______________________________ ______________________________
_____________________________ ______________________________
– Recognition of existing coping – Accountability to the people first
mechanisms, capacities, local know- and demonstration of individual and
how and resources of people and collective actions for DRR
communities 13. _____________________________
3. ______________________________ – observing early warning
______________________ – information dissemination and
community as the key resource and sustained public awareness
front liner in CBDRM 14. ______________________________
4. ______________________________ ______________________________
____________________________ – – Sustaining CBDRM beyond project
local people are the main actors and funding and termination by putting
prime movers in reducing disaster up mechanisms for sustainability
risks with wider participation of
other key players CBDRM STATEGIES
5. ______________________________ 1. Participatory analysis for hazard
___________________________ – mapping, vulnerabilities and
increasing the community’s capacity capacities
 2. Participatory community counter-
disaster planning
3. Community-based early warning
4. Building of people’s organization
and disaster action teams
5. Inter and intra collaboration and
coordination
6. Use of local and indigenous
knowledge

_______________________ - The process

of development from the people, by the
people and for the people.

CBDRM PROCESS
1. Site selection, community entry and
integration
2. Enhanced social investigation
through participatory hazard,
vulnerability and capacity analysis
3. Leadership development and
organization building
4. Mainstreaming CBDRM in
development planning
5. Disaster risk sensitive community
planning
6. Mobilization, networking and
advocacy
7. Evaluation, phasing out and follow-
up