SYNTAX

Word Order in Deutsch

BY

LA ODE MUHAMMAD NUR RAHIM (A1M2 17 016)

B CLASS
ENGLISH EDUCATION MAJOR
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATIONS FACULTY
HALU OLEO UNIVERSITY
KENDARI
2018
 PREFACE

First at all, give thanks for God’s love and grace for us.

Thanks to God for helping me and give me chance to finish this assignment timely and for those
who have guided me in completing this paper. And I would like to say thank you to Mr. Dr.
Tambunan, M. S., as the lecturer that always teaches us and gives much knowledge.

This assignment is the one of Syntax course assignment that composed of the application of
syntax material to the other language especially German language. I realized this assignment is
not perfect. But I hope it can be useful for us. Critics and suggestion is needed here to make this
assignment be better.

Hopefully we as a student in “English Education Department” may get more knowledge about
syntax courses, and hopefully can finish it with good results, Thank you.

Kendari, December 2018

Writer,
La Ode Muhammad Nur Rahim
NIM: A1M2 17 016

ii | S y n t a x
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover i

Preface ii

Table of Contents iii

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Problem Statement 1

BAB II

DISCUSSION 2

2.1 Noun in Deutsch 2

2.2 Pronoun in Deutsch 3

2.3 Verbs and conjugations of verbs in Deutsch 5

2.4 Interrogative Sentence in Deutsch 6

CHAPTER III

CLOSING 8

3.1 Conclusion 8

REFERENCE 9

iii | S y n t a x
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Syntax is the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a

language. Not only in English, can Syntax also be applied to other languages, because in
essence each language contains syntactic elements. In this case the writer tries to analyze the
word order elements contained in German language.

Word order means how words will be arranged in a standard sentence. For example, the
sentence "I see you." This turns out to be arranged with a certain pattern, namely the SVO
pattern or “Subject + Verb + Object"

Structurally the sentence structure in German does not have much different from English.
Only differ in specific matters, such as differences in articles on noun and forms of verb
changes based on the subject. But it still has similarities with other languages such as
English. Sentences in German also have the main element forming a sentence, namely SVO
pattern or Subject + Verb + Object

Another reason why the writer chooses German language is, because German has also
been studied as one of the foreign language subjects in high school. And the author himself
also studied it during high school. So the writer has a little been understood partly, especially
in terms of word order.

1.2 Problem Statement

1. What are the main elements in composing sentences in German?
2. How to arrange a complete sentence in German?
3. How the subjects affect the change of verb in German?
4. How to arrange Interrogative sentence in German?

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Noun in Deutsch

Before composing a sentence we need to understand nouns and pronouns that are consisting
in German, because nouns in German greatly affect changes in the formation of sentences.
Nouns in German have 3 different articles for each object. It means there are objects that
have articles (gender) they are:
1. Maskulin (m/r): der
2. Neutral (n/s) : das
3. Feminin (f/e) : die
4. Plural : die
Nomen (nouns) Nomen (nouns)
Meinung ( Meaning) Meinung ( Meaning)
Maskulin (m) Nuetral (n)
der Stuhl Chair das Buch Book
der Schrank Cupboard das Regal Shelve
der Tisch Table das Fenster Window
der Schuh Shoe das Bild Picture
der Radiergummi Eraser das Lineal Ruler
der Vater Father das Wörterbuch Dictionary
der Kuli Pen das Kind Child

Nomen (nouns) Nomen (nouns)

Meinung ( Meaning) Meinung ( Meaning)
Feminin (f) Plural
die Tafel White board die Tafeln White boards
die Landkarte Map die Bucher Books
die Wanduhr Wall clock die Regale Shelves
die Klasse Class die Stuhle chairs
die Schule School die Tasche Bags
die Mutter Mother die Schuhe Shoes
die Tasche Bag die Kinder Children

2.2 Pronoun in Deutsch

In English pronouns are words that can replace a noun or noun phrase. The function pronoun
avoids repeating the same noun or phrase that was mentioned before. Similar to German, it is
known as the personal pronoun (personal pronomen) and Possessive pronoun (possesiv
pronomen) or if I can interpret "Change of Ownership Word". What is meant by Possessive

2|Syntax
 or the word Change Ownership? We can say that ownership pronouns are a word that
indicates that the object (Noun) in question belongs to someone.
Pers. Pron Possessiv Nominativ Akkusativ Dativ

Ich (I) mein- (my)

Du (you) dein- (your)

Er (he) sein- (his)

Sie (she) Ihr- (her) – Tisch -en Tisch -em Tisch

Es (it) sein- (its) -e Lampe -e Lampe -er Lampe

wir (we) unser- (our) – Bild – Bild -em Bild

Ihr (They) euer- (their) -e Bilder -e Bilder -en Bildern

Sie (you) Ihr- (your)

ihr- (your)
sie(pl) (you[Pl])

 Column 1: Personal Pronomen is a person pronoun in German

 Column 2: Possessiv, Form of ownership pronouns in German
 Column 3: Additional forms for Nominative cases in Possessiv
 Column 4: Additional forms for the Akkusativ case in Possessiv
 Column 5: Additional forms for Dativ cases in Possessiv
For example:

Possessiv Artikel im Nominativ (Pronouns of Ownership in Nominative Cases)

1. Das ist mein Buch (This is my book)

2. Ist das dein Buch? (Is this your book)?
3. Uncle unskilled Klasse? (Where is our class)?
4. Ist das ihre Kinder Frau Meier? (Is that your child Mrs. Meier)?
5. Wie viel kostet dein Auto? (What is the price of your car)?
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Broadly speaking, as mentioned above, we must memorize the change in form to Possessiv first,
then know the article, the object is then entered, is there an addition or not?
 For maskulin nouns (der) there are no additions such as: mein Tisch, mein Computer,
mein Kuli
 For feminin nouns (die) there are additions –e, such as: meine Lampe, meine
Waschmaschine, meine Spüle
 For neutral nouns (das) there are no additions, such as: mein Buch, mein Auto, mein
Handy
 For Plural (die) nouns there are additions –e, such as: meine Bücher, meine Lampe,
meine Kulis

Personal Pronomen der Artikel

Der er
Die sie
Das es
Plural sie
Example:
1. Der Tisch er
2. Die Tafel sie
3. Das Buch es
4. Die Tafeln sie

2.3 Verbs and conjugations of verbs in Deutsch

Conjugation is the adjustment of the verb to the subject. the way to conjugate a verb is that
we first look for stamm (principal verb) by removing the n / en suffix, then adding endung
(suffix) according to the respective subject.
Verb example:
 Fliegen = Fly
 Fahren = drive
 Lernen = Learn
 Besuchen = Visit

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  Schwimmen = swim
 Etc.
Besuche Endun Sein
Fliegen Fahren Lernen Schwimmen
n g
Person ich fliege fahre lerne besuche schwimme e bin
du fliegst fährst lernst besuchst schwimmst st bist
Singula
er fliegt fahrt lernt besucht schwimmt t ist
r sie fliegt fahrt lernt besucht schwimmt t ist
es fliegt fahrt lernt besucht schwimmt t ist
wir fliegen fahren lernen besuchen schwimmen en sind
Person ihr fliegt fahrt lernt besucht schwimmt t sind
Plural sie fliegen fahren lernen besuchen schwimmen en seid
Sie fliegen fahren lernen besuchen schwimmen en sind

How to arrange sentence (S + V + O)

1. Er fahrt nach Kolaka. (he drives to Kolaka)
2. Ich wohne jetz in kendari. (I live in Kendari now)
3. Die tafeln sind neu. (The whiteboards are new)
4. Wir spielen fuβball. (we play football)
5. Du bist ein lehrer. (you are a teacher)
6. Sie schwimmt im pool. (She swim in swimming pool)
7. Sie sind meine Freunde. (They are my friends)
2.4 Interrogative Sentence in Deutsch
In each language it must have interrogative sentences. Interrogative sentences are used to
obtain information about our interlocutors. We can ask questions about the brief information
that we want to know about that person. To ask in German similar to in English, we can use
interrogative sentences with question word (Fragesatz mit Fragewort) or use
interrogative sentences without question word (Fragesatz ohne Fragwort).

Here are some utterances for asking for information from someone using the question word.
Fragesatz mit Fragewort Antwort
(sentences with question word) (Answer)
Wie (How)
 Wie heiβt du? (Who is your name?)  Ich heiβe Rahim (My name is Rahim)
 Wie alt sind Sie? (How old are you?)  Ich bin 19 Jahre alt (I am 19 years old)

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  Wie bist deine Adresse? (Where is your  Meine adresse ist in der K.S Tubun Straße
address?) (My address is on K.S Tubun Street)
 Wie ist Ihre Telefonnummer? (What is your  Meine Telefonnumer ist 08221720xxxx
telephone number?  (My telephone number is 09221720xxx)
Wer (Who – Subject)
Wer bist du? (Who are you?) Ich bin Rahim (I am Rahim)
Wo (Where)
Wo wohnst du? (where do you live) Ich wohne in Kendari (I live in Kendari)
Woher (where)
Woher kommst du? (where do you from) Ich Komme aus Kupang (I am from kupang)
Was (what)
Was kauft er? (What does he buy?) Er kauft ein Buch (he buys a book)
Welche (which)
Welche Musik hörst du gern? (Which music do Ich höre gerne Popmusik (I like to listen to
you like to listen to?) pop music)
Wie viel kostet (how much)
Wie viel kostet das Brot? (How much does the Es kostet ist ekostet Rp. 1.500 (It cost is Rp.
bread cost?) 1.500)
Wie viel (e) + Nomen (How many)
Wie viele Freunde haben Sie? (How many friends Ich habe sehr viel Freund (I have very much
do you have?) Friends)
Warum (Why)
– Warum schreibst du einen Brief? (why do you Ich schreibe einen Brief, weil ... (I write a
write a letter) letter because
Note:
 Du, we use it for people of the same age or younger than us.
 Sie, we use it for older people or people we meet for the first time.

Next what if we want to ask without a question word?

The following is the example if you want to ask without using a question word.
Fragesatz ohne Fragewort Antwort
(sentences without question word) (Answer)
Bist du Rahim? (Are you Rahim?) Ja (yes)

6|Syntax
 Nein, ich komme aus Kupang (No I am not, I
Kommst du aus Kendari? (Are you from Kendari?)
come from Kupang)

Wohnst du in Kupang? (Do you live in kupang) Nein, ich wohne in Kendari (No I don’t, I live
In Kendari

Bist du ein schuler? (Are you a student) Ja (yes)

Nein, Ich bin 19 Jahre alt (no I am not,I am

Bist du 17 Jahre alt? (Are you 17 years old?)
19 years old)
Note:
 To ask without a question word, we use the verb as a question word.
 When asked without question, the answer is only two JA (Yes) or NEIN (No).
 We can give a little explanation for NEIN's answer.

BAB III
CLOSING

4.1 Conclusion
1. The main elements to order a sentence in German language are Subject and Predicate.
2. The common structure of sentence in German is the same as other languages, especially
English. in verbal sentence namely S + V + O / C or in nominal sentence S + be + O / C
3. The subject affects the change of verb in the sentence.
4. Articles or gender of nouns in German affect the verb if act as a subject in the sentence.
5. There are two types of interrogative sentence in German they are interrogative sentences
with question word and interrogative sentences without question word.
6. The common structure of interrogative sentence in German also have the same pattern as
other languages, especially English
7. The word order in German actually similar with English.

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 REFERENCE

Kasim., Handayani, Tri kartika. 2014. Deutsch ist einfach 3. Solo: Tiga Serangkai.

Kasim., Widayanti, Any., Handayani, Tri kartika. 2013. Deutsch ist einfach 1. Solo: Tiga
Serangkai.

Bentuk Kata Tanya dalam Bahasa Jerman (W-Frage), (2014, March 9) Retrieved from
http://belajar-jerman.com/bentuk-kata-tanya-dalam-bahasa-jerman-w-frage/

der, die, das Nomen, (2012, October 18) Retrieved from http://www.bahasajermann.com/kata-
benda-bahasa-jerman.htm

Possessive (Kata Ganti Kepemilikan) dalam Bahasa Jerman. (2014, December 7). Retrieved
from http://belajar-jerman.com/possessive-kata-ganti-kepemilikan-dalam-bahasa-jerman/

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