Orbital Anatomy: By-Dr. Kawshik Nag, Resident, Ophthalmology, Phase-A Chittagong Medical College
Orbital Anatomy: By-Dr. Kawshik Nag, Resident, Ophthalmology, Phase-A Chittagong Medical College
Orbital Anatomy: By-Dr. Kawshik Nag, Resident, Ophthalmology, Phase-A Chittagong Medical College
Bounded by-
• Superiorly- Anterior cranial
fossa
• Medially- Nasal cavity and
ethmoidal air sinuses
• Inferiorly- Maxillary sinus
• Laterally- Middle cranial fossa
and Temporal fossa.
Dimensions
Volume: 30cm3
Frontal bone
Zygomatic Bone
Maxillary bone
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Palatine bone
Walls Of The Orbit
The bony orbit has four
walls:
Medial wall
Lateral wall
Roof
Floor
Medial Orbital Wall
The medial wall is
formed from front to
back by the:
• Medial wall provide alternate access route to the orbit through sinus.
Formed by-
• Orbital plate of frontal bone
• Lesser wing of sphenoid.
Triangular.
• Any trauma of dura mater and CSF escapes into orbit or nose or
both.
Floor Of Orbit
Shortest orbital wall.
Formed by:
• Maxillary bone- medially
• Zygomatic bone- laterally
• Palatine bone- posteriorly.
Triangular in shape.
Two orifices:
• Optic Canal
• Superior orbital fissure
Optic Canal
It connects the orbit to the
middle cranial fossa.
It transmits:
• Optic Nerve
• Ophthalmic artery.
Superior Orbital Fissure
Structure passing:
Upper lateral part:
• Lacrimal and frontal nerves
• Trochlear nerve
• Superior ophthalmic vein
• Recurrent branch of
ophthalmic artery.
Middle part:
• Superior and inferior divisions
of occulomotor nerve
• Nasociliary branch of
ophthalmic division of
trigeminal nerve.
• Abducent nerve.
Lower medial part:
• Inferior ophthalmic vein.
Superior Orbital Fissure
Clinical applications:
Parts-
• Fascia bulbi,
• Muscular sheaths,
• Intermuscular septa,
• Membranous expansions of
the extraocular muscles,
• Ligament of Lockwood.
Extraocular Muscles
Voluntary Muscles:
• Superior rectus
• Inferior rectus
• Medial rectus
• Lateral rectus
• Superior oblique
• Inferior oblique
• Levator palpebrae superioris.
Involuntary Muscles:
• Superior tarsal or Muller’s
muscle,
• Inferior tarsal muscle.
Surgical Spaces In Orbit
Orbit is divided into 4 surgical spaces-
• Subperiosteal space
• Peripheral orbital space/ Extraconal space
• Central orbital space/ Intraconal space
• Subtenon’s space
Surgical Spaces In Orbit
Importance of these spaces-
Bounded by-
• Anteriorly tenon’s capsule
• Posteriorly by 4 recti and
intermuscular septa.