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    Assignment No: 08

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    सतीश पाण्डेय (पाण्डेय जी)
    The document discusses shell scripting and programming. It defines shell scripting as a series of UNIX commands written in a plain text file. Shell programs are stored in files with a .sh extension. Shell variables are treated as strings. Control structures like if/else statements and for loops allow shell scripts to execute conditionally. The document provides examples of shell scripts that obtain user input, exchange variable values, find the largest of three numbers, perform math operations on command line arguments, and calculate averages. It concludes that shell scripts allow users to interface with and run commands on an operating system.

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    Assignment No: 08

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    सतीश पाण्डेय (पाण्डेय जी)
    46 views5 pages
    The document discusses shell scripting and programming. It defines shell scripting as a series of UNIX commands written in a plain text file. Shell programs are stored in files with a .sh extension. Shell variables are treated as strings. Control structures like if/else statements and for loops allow shell scripts to execute conditionally. The document provides examples of shell scripts that obtain user input, exchange variable values, find the largest of three numbers, perform math operations on command line arguments, and calculate averages. It concludes that shell scripts allow users to interface with and run commands on an operating system.

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    OS_assignment_8

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    The document discusses shell scripting and programming. It defines shell scripting as a series of UNIX commands written in a plain text file. Shell programs are stored in files with a .sh extension. Shell variables are treated as strings. Control structures like if/else statements and for loops allow shell scripts to execute conditionally. The document provides examples of shell scripts that obtain user input, exchange variable values, find the largest of three numbers, perform math operations on command line arguments, and calculate averages. It concludes that shell scripts allow users to interface with and run commands on an operating system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views5 pages

    Assignment No: 08

    Uploaded by

    सतीश पाण्डेय (पाण्डेय जी)
    The document discusses shell scripting and programming. It defines shell scripting as a series of UNIX commands written in a plain text file. Shell programs are stored in files with a .sh extension. Shell variables are treated as strings. Control structures like if/else statements and for loops allow shell scripts to execute conditionally. The document provides examples of shell scripts that obtain user input, exchange variable values, find the largest of three numbers, perform math operations on command line arguments, and calculate averages. It concludes that shell scripts allow users to interface with and run commands on an operating system.

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    Assignment No: 08

    Aim: To study, implement and practice shell programming: Shell programming, basics of
    shell programming, various types of shell, shell programming in bash.
    Theory:
    Introduction to Shell Scripting:

    Shell scripting or programming mostly consists of the features which today’s modern programming
    languages offer. Shell scripting is nothing but series or sequence of UNIX commands written in a
    plain text file. Instead of specifying one job/command at a time, in shell scripting we give a list of
    UNIX commands like a to-do list in a file to execute it.

    Shell programs are stored in a file called sh.

    Shell variables are stored as string variables.

    Example: $ a=10

    In the above statement a=10, the 10 stored in „a‟ is not treated as a number, but as a string of
    characters 1 and 0. The lifespan of a variable inside shell script is only until the end of execution.

    Variables can be made unchangeable using readonly. For instance, if we want variable a value to
    remain as 10 and not to be changed then we can achieve this using readonly.

    Example:

    $ a=10

    $ readonly a

    In a shell, we can easily execute multiple scripts i.e. one script can be called from the other.
    What we have to do is, we need to mention the name of a script to be called when we want to
    invoke it.

    Example: In the below program/script upon executing the first two echo statements of script1,
    shell script executes script2. Once after executing script2, the control comes back to script1
    which executes a pwd command and then terminates.

    echo command in linux is used to display line of text/string that are passed as an argument. This is a
    built-in command that is mostly used in shell scripts and batch files to output status text to the
    screen or a file.

    Syntax: echo [option] [string]


    if...else...fi statement:

    The if...else...fi statement is one of the form of control statement that allows Shell to execute
    statements in a controlled way and make the right choice.

    Syntax

    if [ expression ]

    then

    Statement(s) to be executed if expression is true

    else

    Statement(s) to be executed if expression is not true

    fi

    The Shell expression is evaluated in the above syntax. If the resulting value is true,
    given statement(s) are executed. If the expression is false, then no statement will be executed.

    for statement
    The for loop operate on lists of items. It repeats a set of commands for every item in a list.
    Here var is the name of a variable and word1 to wordN are sequences of characters separated by
    spaces (words). Each time the for loop executes, the value of the variable var is set to the next word
    in the list of words, word1 to word N.
    Syntax:

    for var in word1 word2 ...word n

    do

    Statement to be executed

    done
    Practical:
    1.)Write a shell script to ask your name, program name and enrollment number and print it
    on the screen.
    Input:

    Output:

    2.)Write a shell program to exchange the value of two variables.


    Code:

    Output:
    3.) Write a shell program to find largest of three numbers.
    Code:

    Output:

    4.)Write a shell program to add, subtract and multiply 2 numbers passed as command line
    arguments.
    Code:
    Output:

    5.)Write a shell program to find average of numbers entered in command line.


    Code:

    Output:

    Conclusion:

    After going through all the above shell scripting practical’s, mainly we understood that a shell is an
    interface between a user and an operating system which interprets the command entered by a user
    to the kernel or operating system. Due to this, shell plays a vital role in the operating system.

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