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    1A-File System Structure and Maintenance

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    r.b. senthil babu r.b. senthil babu
    This document discusses file system structure and maintenance. It breaks files down into shareable/unshareable and variable/static categories. It describes required directories like bin, boot, dev, etc. and explains that /usr and /var each have their own detailed sections. It provides details on the /proc/ and /sys/ directories, which contain system information that can be read from or configured in the kernel through files.

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    1A-File System Structure and Maintenance

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    r.b. senthil babu r.b. senthil babu
    42 views2 pages
    This document discusses file system structure and maintenance. It breaks files down into shareable/unshareable and variable/static categories. It describes required directories like bin, boot, dev, etc. and explains that /usr and /var each have their own detailed sections. It provides details on the /proc/ and /sys/ directories, which contain system information that can be read from or configured in the kernel through files.

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    redhat file system

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    This document discusses file system structure and maintenance. It breaks files down into shareable/unshareable and variable/static categories. It describes required directories like bin, boot, dev, etc. and explains that /usr and /var each have their own detailed sections. It provides details on the /proc/ and /sys/ directories, which contain system information that can be read from or configured in the kernel through files.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    42 views2 pages

    1A-File System Structure and Maintenance

    Uploaded by

    r.b. senthil babu r.b. senthil babu
    This document discusses file system structure and maintenance. It breaks files down into shareable/unshareable and variable/static categories. It describes required directories like bin, boot, dev, etc. and explains that /usr and /var each have their own detailed sections. It provides details on the /proc/ and /sys/ directories, which contain system information that can be read from or configured in the kernel through files.

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    File System Structure and Maintenance

    File systems break files down into two logical categories:

     Shareable vs. unsharable files


     Variable vs. static files

    Shareable files can be accessed locally and by remote hosts.


    Unsharable files are only available locally.
    Variable files, such as documents, can be changed at any time.
    Static files, such as binaries, do not change without an action from the system
    administrator.

    The following directories, or symbolic links to directories, are required in /.


    Directory Description
    bin Essential command binaries
    boot Static files of the boot loader
    dev Device files
    etc Host-specific system configuration
    lib Essential shared libraries and kernel modules
    media Mount point for removeable media
    mnt Mount point for mounting a filesystem temporarily
    opt Add-on application software packages
    sbin Essential system binaries
    srv Data for services provided by this system
    tmp Temporary files
    usr Secondary hierarchy
    var Variable data
    Each directory listed above is specified in detail in separate subsections below. /usr and /var
    each have a
    complete section in this document due to the complexity of those directories.

    home User home directories (optional)


    root Home directory for the root user (optional)

    The /proc/ Directory


    The /proc/ directory contains special files that either extract information from the kernel
    or send information to it. Examples of such information include system memory, CPU
    information, and hardware configuration.

    Within the /proc/ directory, one can find a wealth of information detailing the system
    hardware and any processes currently running. In addition, some of the files within the
    /proc/ directory tree can be manipulated by users and applications to communicate
    configuration changes to the kernel.

    Examples
    To change the host name
    #cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
    #echo www.example.com > /proc/sys/kernel/hostname

    cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
    Returns either 0 or 1.
    A 0 indicates that the kernel is not forwarding network packets.
    Using the echo command to change the value of the ip_forward file to 1 immediately
    turns packet forwarding on.

    The /sys/ Directory


    The /sys/ directory utilizes the new sysfs virtual file system specific to the kernel. With
    the increased support for hot plug hardware devices in the kernel, the /sys/ directory
    contains information similar to that held by /proc/, but displays a hierarchical view of
    device information specific to hot plug devices.

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