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    Engine Starting Battery Sizing: Standard Conditions

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    thomas1313
    This document provides guidelines for sizing an engine starting battery based on various factors such as the engine's cylinder volume, system voltage, cranking time, temperature conditions, and more. It outlines standard sizing conditions and correction factors that can be applied for non-standard conditions. The document also discusses sizing standards from organizations like NFPA and how the parameters may be fixed for those standards. Tables are included that specify base cranking currents, correction factors for different parameters, and specifications for various sizing standards.

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    Engine Starting Battery Sizing: Standard Conditions

    Uploaded by

    thomas1313
    943 views5 pages
    This document provides guidelines for sizing an engine starting battery based on various factors such as the engine's cylinder volume, system voltage, cranking time, temperature conditions, and more. It outlines standard sizing conditions and correction factors that can be applied for non-standard conditions. The document also discusses sizing standards from organizations like NFPA and how the parameters may be fixed for those standards. Tables are included that specify base cranking currents, correction factors for different parameters, and specifications for various sizing standards.

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    Battery charger

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    Starting

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    This document provides guidelines for sizing an engine starting battery based on various factors such as the engine's cylinder volume, system voltage, cranking time, temperature conditions, and more. It outlines standard sizing conditions and correction factors that can be applied for non-standard conditions. The document also discusses sizing standards from organizations like NFPA and how the parameters may be fixed for those standards. Tables are included that specify base cranking currents, correction factors for different parameters, and specifications for various sizing standards.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    943 views5 pages

    Engine Starting Battery Sizing: Standard Conditions

    Uploaded by

    thomas1313
    This document provides guidelines for sizing an engine starting battery based on various factors such as the engine's cylinder volume, system voltage, cranking time, temperature conditions, and more. It outlines standard sizing conditions and correction factors that can be applied for non-standard conditions. The document also discusses sizing standards from organizations like NFPA and how the parameters may be fixed for those standards. Tables are included that specify base cranking currents, correction factors for different parameters, and specifications for various sizing standards.

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    Engine starting battery sizing


    Standard conditions

    To size an engine starting battery, you need to know:


    - the total cylinder volume in cubic inches or in liters or the starter‘s power of the engine
    - the system voltage

    The standard sizing conditions are the following:


    - Total cylinder volume in cubic inches or in liters or Starter‘s power
    - Engine type: 4-cycle diesel
    - Total cranking time: 3*10 seconds
    - Battery temperarture: 20-25°C (68-77°F)
    - Oil temperature: 20-25°C (68-77°F)
    - Oil type: SAE30 or multiviscosity oil
    - Starter motor efficiency: 60%
    - Battery minimum voltage: 71% of the nominal system voltage (12, 24 or 32 V)
    - Battery state of charge: 100%

    The base cranking current is determined by Table 1. The engine‘s cylinder volume
    must be equal to or smaller than the figure stated in the table.

    If the starter‘power is known,


    Starter‘s power
    Base cranking current =
    Battery voltage x Starter efficiency

    Then, refer to the cell performance SPH range or SBH range at 30 seconds for a
    minimum voltage of 0.85 volt per cell (71% of the nominal system voltage) to determine
    the cell size required. The cell type corresponds to a current which is at least equal or
    superior to the base cranking current.

    Non standard conditions

    To select the appropriate battery for conditions other than those listed under standard
    conditions, a total correction factor may be applied to the base cranking current to
    compensate these conditions.

    The total correction factor is the product of all relevant correction factors for each
    parameters:
    - Engine type ( Table 2 )
    - Total cranking time ( Table 3 )
    - Battery temperarture ( Table 4 )
    - Oil temperature ( Table 5 )
    - Starter motor efficiency ( Table 6 )
    - Battery state of charge ( Table 7 )
    - Battery final voltage ( Table 8 )
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    Required cranking current = Total correction factor x Base cranking current

    Then, refer to the cell performance SPH range or SBH range at 30 seconds for a
    minimum voltage of 0.85 volt per cell (71% of the nominal system voltage) to determine
    the cell size required. The cell type corresponds to a current which is at least equal or
    superior to the product of the base cranking current and the total correction factor C.

    National / International sizing standards

    To size a battery in accordance with national or international standards, certain sizing


    parameters become fixed. The following table Table9 explains this situation for each of
    the standards/methods.

    Table9: Sizing parameters for national / international standards

    NFPA NFPA NFPA US VA Alternator


    Sizing parameters AT & T
    20-1996 (3) 99-1996 110-1196 Hospital charging

    Charging method Float Float Float Float Float Alternator

    Total cranking time 90 sec 45 sec 45 sec 50 sec 60 sec

    Battery temperature 4.5°C/40°F 10°C/50°F 10°C/50°F 10°C/50°F 0°C/32°F


    (4)

    Oil temperature 25°C/77°F 25°C/77°F 25°C/77°F

    % of the nominal 70 85% 83%


    system voltage (1)

    Battery state of charge 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 75%

    Number of cell (2) 10/20/26 10/20/26 9/18/24

    (1) The nominal system voltage are 12, 24, 32V


    (2) The 3 numbers correspond to nominal system voltages of 12, 24,32V, respectively
    (3) The battery capacity required for the listed conditions must be doubled to determine
    the installed capacity
    (4) It‘s allowed to modify the set value
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    Table1: Base cranking current in Amperes for 12, 24, 32 volt systems
    Based on 3 x 10 second cranks at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F)

    Cylinder Cylinder
    Volume Volume 12 Volts 24 Volts 32 Volts
    Cubic Inch Liter

    50 0.82 128 59
    75 1.23 160 78
    100 1.64 191 96
    125 2.05 224 112
    150 2.46 254 127
    175 2.87 283 141
    200 3.28 310 155
    250 4.10 362 181
    300 4.92 411 206
    350 5.74 458 229
    400 6.55 506 251
    450 7.37 544 272
    500 8.19 586 293
    600 9.83 665 333
    700 11.47 740 370
    800 13.11 812 406
    900 14.75 882 441 331
    1000 16.39 949 474 356
    1200 19.66 1077 538 404
    1400 22.94 1199 599 449
    1600 26.22 1315 658 493
    1800 29.50 1427 714 535
    2000 32.77 1536 768 576
    2500 40.94 1793 896 672
    3000 49.16 2036 1018 763
    3500 57.35 2266 1133 850
    4000 65.55 2486 1243 932
    4500 73.74 1349 1012
    5000 81.94 1452 1089
    6000 98.32 1648 1236
    7000 114.71 1834 1376
    8000 131.10 2012 1509
    9000 147.48 2184 1638
    10000 163.87 2350 1763

    Table2: Engine type

    Engine type Correction factor


    4-cycle diesel 1.00
    2-cycle diesel 1.25
    4-cycle gas 0.90
    Home Back

    Table3: Battery temperature Table 4: Oil temperature

    Temperature Battery temperature factor Oil temperature factor


    °F °C SPH SBH SAE 30 SAE 10W SAE 20W SAE 40
    77 25 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.89 1.05
    68 20 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.89 1.05
    65 18 1.01 1.01 1.02 0.90 1.08
    60 16 1.01 1.05 1.06 0.94 1.15
    55 13 1.02 1.08 1.12 0.90 0.98 1.23
    50 10 1.03 1.12 1.20 0.94 1.03 1.31
    45 7 1.04 1.17 1.26 0.97 1.09 1.39
    40 4 1.06 1.22 1.34 1.01 1.15 1.47
    35 2 1.09 1.27 1.42 1.06 1.21 1.55
    32 0 1.11 1.31 1.47 1.09 1.24 1.61
    30 -1 1.12 1.33 1.50 1.10 1.27 1.65
    25 -4 1.16 1.40 1.60 1.15 1.33 1.78
    20 -7 1.21 1.47 1.71 1.20 1.41 1.95
    15 -9 1.27 1.60 1.84 1.26 1.49 2.20
    10 -12 1.34 1.65 2.00 1.32 1.60
    5 -15 1.43 1.77 2.20 1.40 1.72
    0 -18 1.54 1.90 2.45 1.49 1.88

    Table5: Table6: Table7:


    Total cranking time Starter motor efficiency Battery state of charge

    Total cranking Correction Starter motor Correction Battery Correction


    time (second) factor efficiency factor state of factor
    charge
    30 1.00 55 1.09 45 1.29
    40 1.04 56 1.07 50 1.25
    50 1.08 57 1.05 55 1.22
    60 1.11 58 1.03 60 1.19
    70 1.15 59 1.02 65 1.16
    80 1.18 60 1.00 70 1.13
    90 1.21 61 0.98 75 1.11
    100 1.24 62 0.97 80 1.08
    110 1.27 63 0.95 85 1.06
    120 1.30 64 0.94 90 1..04
    180 1.43 65 0.92 95 1.02
    300 1.54 66 0.91 100 1.00
    67 0.90
    68 0.88
    69 0.87
    70 0.86
    71 0.85
    72 0.83
    Home Back

    Table 8: Battery final voltage

    Batteryfinal voltage in % Correction factor


    of nominal system voltage SPH SBH
    70 0.98 0.99
    71 1.00 1.00
    72 1.02 1.02
    73 1.07 1.05
    74 1.10 1.07
    75 1.13 1.09
    76 1.16 1.11
    77 1.19 1.13
    78 1.25 1.18
    79 1.29 1.20
    80 1.32 1.23
    81 1.36 1.26
    82 1.40 1.29
    83 1.48 1.36
    84 1.52 1.39
    85 1.56 1.43

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