HTML Attributes

HTML Basic
HTML HOME
HTML Introduction
HTML Get Started
HTML Basic
HTML Elements
HTML Attributes
HTML Headings
HTML Paragraphs
HTML Formatting
HTML Styles
HTML Links
HTML Images
HTML Tables
HTML Lists
HTML Forms
HTML Frames
HTML Colors
HTML Colornames
HTML Colorvalues
HTML Quick List
HTML Advanced
HTML 4.0 Why
HTML CSS
HTML Head
HTML Meta
HTML Scripts
HTML Entities
HTML URLs
HTML URL Encode
HTML Webserver
HTML Summary
HTML Examples
HTML Examples
HTML Quiz
HTML Certificate
HTML References
HTML Tag List
HTML Attributes
HTML Events
HTML Colornames
HTML Colorpicker
HTML Character Sets
HTML ASCII
HTML ISO-8859-1
HTML Symbols
HTML URL Encode
HTML Lang Codes
HTML Status Codes
HTML Tutorial
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With HTML you can create your own Web site.
This tutorial teaches you everything about HTML.
HTML is easy to learn - You will enjoy it.
Examples in Each Chapter

This HTML tutorial contains more than 100 HTML examples.
With our HTML editor, you can edit the HTML, and click on a button to view the result.
Example
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself »
Click on the "Try it yourself" button to see how it works
At the end of the HTML tutorial you will find more than 100 examples you can edit and test
yourself.
Start learning HTML now!
HTML Quiz Test

Test your HTML skills at W3Schools!
Start HTML Quiz!
HTML References
At W3Schools you will find complete references about tags, standard attributes, standard events,
colornames, entities, character-sets, URL encoding, language codes, HTTP messages, and more.
HTML 4.01 Tag Reference
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HTML Introduction
« Previous Next Chapter »
Example
<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself »
What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.
 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

 HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
 A markup language is a set of markup tags
 HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
 HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
 HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
 The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
 Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
HTML Documents = Web Pages

 HTML documents describe web pages
 HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
 HTML documents are also called web pages
The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents
and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags
to interpret the content of the page:
<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Example Explained
 The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
 The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
 The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
 The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph
HTML - Getting Started

What You Need

You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.
 You don't need an HTML editor

 You don't need a web server
 You don't need a web site
Editing HTML
In this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe this is the best
way to learn HTML.
However, professional web developers often prefer HTML editors like FrontPage or
Dreamweaver, instead of writing plain text.
Create Your Own Test Web

If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter.
If you want to create a test page on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your
desktop.
(Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as")
mainpage.htm
page1.htm
page2.htm
After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see
your first web site in action.
Use Your Test Web For Learning

We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files
with a text editor (like Notepad).
Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will
learn all about it in the next chapters.
.HTM or .HTML File Extension?
When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. We use
.htm in our examples. It is a habit from the past, when the software only allowed three letters in
file extensions.
With new software it is perfectly safe to use .html.
HTML Basic - 4 Examples

Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned.
You will learn about them in the next chapters.
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
Try it yourself »
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
Try it yourself »
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
Try it yourself »
Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute.
(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).
HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />
Try it yourself »
Note: The name and the size of the image are provided as attributes.
HTML Elements
HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.
HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
Start tag * Element content End tag *

<p> This is a paragraph </p>
<a href="default.htm" > This is a link </a>
<br />
* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.
HTML Element Syntax

 An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
 An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
 The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
 Some HTML elements have empty content
 Empty elements are closed in the start tag
 Most HTML elements can have attributes
Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.
Nested HTML Elements

Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
HTML Document Example

<html>
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
The example above contains 3 HTML elements.
HTML Example Explained

The <p> element:
The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document.

The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>.
The element content is: This is my first paragraph.
The <body> element:
<body>
</body>
The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.

The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).
The <html> element:
<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>
The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.

The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).
Don't Forget the End Tag
Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:
<p>This is a paragraph
The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can
produce unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.
Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. Empty elements can be closed in the
start tag.
<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break).
In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, all elements must be closed.
Adding a slash to the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements, accepted
by HTML, XHTML and XML.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead is more future proof.
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase
HTML tags.
W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends
lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in future versions of (X)HTML.
HTML Attributes
Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.
HTML Attributes
 HTML elements can have attributes
 Attributes provide additional information about an element
 Attributes are always specified in the start tag
 Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
Attribute Example
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
Try it yourself »
Always Quote Attribute Values

Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.
Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.
Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to
use single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes

Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.
However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute
values in their HTML 4 recommendation.
Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.
HTML Attributes Reference

A complete list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our:
Complete HTML Reference
Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most HTML elements:
Attribute Value Description

class classname Specifies a classname for an element
id id Specifies a unique id for an element
style style_definition Specifies an inline style for an element
Specifies extra information about an element (displayed
title tooltip_text
as a tool tip)
For more information about standard attributes:
HTML Standard Attributes Reference
HTML Headings
Headings are important in HTML documents.
HTML Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the largest heading. <h6> defines the smallest heading.
Example
Try it yourself »
Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and after a heading.
Headings Are Important

Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.
Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.
Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the
document structure.
H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important
H3 headings, and so on.
HTML Lines
The <hr /> tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page.
The hr element can be used to separate content:
Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<hr />
Try it yourself »
HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable.
Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed.
Comments are written like this:
Example

Try it yourself »
Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.
HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source

Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source" (IE) or "View Page Source"
(Firefox), or similar for other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML code of
the page.
Examples From This Page
Headings
How to display headings in an HTML document.
Hidden comments
How to insert comments in the HTML source code.
Horizontal lines
How to insert a horizontal line.
HTML Tag Reference

W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes.
You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial.
Tag Description
<html> Defines an HTML document
<body> Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings
<hr /> Defines a horizontal line
<!--> Defines a comment
HTML Paragraphs
HTML documents are divided into paragraphs.
HTML Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
Example
<p>This is another paragraph</p>
Try it yourself »
Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and after a paragraph.
Don't Forget the End Tag

Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:
Example
<p>This is another paragraph
Try it yourself »
The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can
produce unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.
HTML Line Breaks

Use the <br /> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:
Example
<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>
Try it yourself »
The <br /> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.
<br> or <br />

In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, HTML elements with no end tag (closing tag)
are not allowed.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead is more future proof.
HTML Output - Useful Tips

You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows
will create different results.
With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML
code.
The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of
lines count as one line, and any number of spaces count as one space.
Try it yourself
(The example demonstrates some HTML formatting problems)
Examples From This Page
HTML paragraphs
How HTML paragraphs are displayed in a browser.
Line breaks
The use of line breaks in an HTML document.
Poem problems
Some problems with HTML formatting.
More Examples
More paragraphs
The default behaviors of paragraphs.
HTML Tag Reference

W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about HTML elements and their
attributes.
Tag Description
<p> Defines a paragraph
<br /> Inserts a single line break
HTML Text Formatting

HTML Text Formatting

This text is bold
This text is big
This text is italic
This is computer output
superscript
This is subscript and
Try it yourself »
HTML Formatting Tags

HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text.
These HTML tags are called formatting tags (look at the bottom of this page for a complete
reference).
Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>.
However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags:
<b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only.
<strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user
understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as
italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong
feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!
Try it Yourself - Examples
Text formatting
How to format text in an HTML document.
Preformatted text
How to control the line breaks and spaces with the pre tag.
"Computer output" tags

How different "computer output" tags will be displayed.
Address
How to define contact information for the author/owner of an HTML document.
Abbreviations and acronyms

How to handle abbreviations and acronyms.
Text direction
How to change the text direction.
Quotations
How to handle long and short quotations.
Deleted and inserted text

How to mark deleted and inserted text.
HTML Text Formatting Tags

Tag Description
<b> Defines bold text
<big> Defines big text
<em> Defines emphasized text
<i> Defines italic text
<small> Defines small text
<strong> Defines strong text
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<ins> Defines inserted text
<del> Defines deleted text
HTML "Computer Output" Tags

Tag Description
<code> Defines computer code text
<kbd> Defines keyboard text
<samp> Defines sample computer code
<tt> Defines teletype text
<var> Defines a variable
<pre> Defines preformatted text
HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags
Tag Description
<abbr> Defines an abbreviation
<acronym> Defines an acronym
<address> Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document
<bdo> Defines the text direction
<blockquote> Defines a long quotation
<q> Defines a short quotation
<cite> Defines a citation
<dfn> Defines a definition term
HTML Styles
The style attribute is used to style HTML elements.
Look! Styles and colors

This text is in Verdana and red
This text is in Times and blue
This text is 30 pixels high

Try it yourself
The HTML Style Attribute

The purpose of the style attribute is:
To provide a common way to style all HTML elements.

Styles was introduced with HTML 4, as the new and preferred way to style HTML elements.
With HTML styles, styles can be added to HTML elements directly by using the style attribute,
or indirectly in separate style sheets (CSS files).
You can learn everything about styles and CSS in our CSS Tutorial.
In our HTML tutorial we will use the style attribute to introduce you to HTML styles.
Deprecated Tags and Attributes

In HTML 4, several tags and attributes are deprecated. Deprecated means that they will not be
supported in future versions of HTML and XHTML.
The message is clear: Avoid using deprecated tags and attributes!
These tags and attributes should be avoided:
Tags Description
<center> Defines centered content
<font> and <basefont> Defines HTML fonts
<s> and <strike> Defines strikethrough text
<u> Defines underlined text
Attributes Description
align Defines the alignment of text
bgcolor Defines the background color
color Defines the text color
For all of the above: Use styles instead!
HTML Style Example - Background Color

The background-color property defines the background color for an element:
Example
<html>
<body style="background-color:yellow">
<h2 style="background-color:red">This is a heading</h2>
<p style="background-color:green">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself »
The style attribute makes the "old" bgcolor attribute obsolete.
Try it yourself: Background color the old way
HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size

The font-family, color, and font-size properties defines the font, color, and size of the text in an
element:
Example
<html>
<body>
<h1 style="font-family:verdana">A heading</h1>
<p style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:20px;">A paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself »
The style attribute makes the old <font> tag obsolete.
Try it yourself: Fonts the old way
HTML Style Example - Text Alignment

The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text in an element:
Example
<html>
<body>
<h1 style="text-align:center">This is a heading</h1>
<p>The heading above is aligned to the center of this page.</p>
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself »
The style attribute makes the old "align" attribute obsolete.
Try it yourself: Centered heading the old way
HTML Links
Links are found in nearly all Web pages. Links allow users to click their way from page to page.
HTML links
How to create links in an HTML document.
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)
HTML Hyperlinks (Links)

A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to a new
document or a new section within the current document.
When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand.
Links are specified in HTML using the <a> tag.

The <a> tag can be used in two ways:
1. To create a link to another document, by using the href attribute

2. To create a bookmark inside a document, by using the name attribute
HTML Link Syntax

The HTML code for a link is simple. It looks like this:
<a href="url">Link text</a>
The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools</a>
which will display like this: Visit W3Schools
Clicking on this hyperlink will send the user to W3Schools' homepage.
Tip: The "Link text" doesn't have to be text. You can link from an image or any other HTML
element.
HTML Links - The target Attribute

The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.
The example below will open the linked document in a new browser window:
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>
Try it yourself »
HTML Links - The name Attribute

The name attribute specifies the name of an anchor.
The name attribute is used to create a bookmark inside an HTML document.
Bookmarks are not displayed in any special way. They are invisible to the reader.
Example
A named anchor inside an HTML document:
<a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>
Create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" inside the same document:
<a href="#tips">Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>
Or, create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" from another page:
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_links.htm#tips">
Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>
Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Note: Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link like this:
href="http://www.w3schools.com/html", you will generate two requests to the server, the server
will first add a slash to the address, and then create a new request like this:
href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/".
Tip: Named anchors are often used to create "table of contents" at the beginning of a large
document. Each chapter within the document is given a named anchor, and links to each of these
anchors are put at the top of the document.
Tip: If a browser does not find the named anchor specified, it goes to the top of the document.
No error occurs.
More Examples
An image as a link
How to use an image as a link.
Link to a location on the same page
How to link to a bookmark.
Break out of a frame

How to break out of a frame (if your site is locked in a frame).
Create a mailto link

How to link to a mail message (will only work if you have mail installed).
Create a mailto link 2

Another mailto link.
HTML Link Tags

Tag Description
<a> Defines an anchor
HTML Images
Example
Norwegian Mountain Trip

Try it yourself »

Insert images
How to insert images into an HTML document.
Insert images from different locations

How to insert an image from another folder or another server.
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).
HTML The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute

In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The
value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
Syntax for defining an image:
<img src="url" alt="some_text"/>

The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif", located
in the "images" directory on "www.w3schools.com" has the URL:
http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif.
The browser displays the image where the <img> tag occurs in the document. If you put an
image tag between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and
then the second paragraph.
HTML The Alt Attribute

The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be
displayed.
The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:
<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat" />

The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot
view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen
reader).

Note: If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required to display the page right.
Loading images take time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully.
Note: When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that moment, that actually gets the image
from a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the images actually stay
in the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon.
The broken link icon is shown if the browser cannot find the image.
More Examples
Aligning images
How to align an image within the text.
Let the image float

How to let an image float to the left or right of a paragraph.
Make a hyperlink of an image

How to use an image as a link.
Create an image map

How to create an image map, with clickable regions. Each of the regions is a hyperlink.
HTML Image Tags
Tag Description
<img /> Defines an image
<map> Defines an image-map
<area /> Defines a clickable area inside an image-map
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frames.
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Tables
How to create tables in an HTML document.
Table borders
How to specify different table borders.
HTML Tables
Tables are defined with the <table> tag.
A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the
<td> tag). td stands for "table data," and holds the content of a data cell. A <td> tag can contain
text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.
Table Example
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
</table>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2

HTML Tables and the Border Attribute

If you do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed without borders. Sometimes
this can be useful, but most of the time, we want the borders to show.
To display a table with borders, specify the border attribute:

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
HTML Table Headers

Header information in a table are defined with the <th> tag.
The text in a th element will be bold and centered.
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Header 1</th>
<th>Header 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
</table>
Header 1 Header 2
More Examples
Tables without borders

How to create tables without borders.
Table headers
How to create table headers.
Table with a caption
How to add a caption to a table.
Table cells that span more than one row/column

How to define table cells that span more than one row or one column.
Tags inside a table

How to display elements inside other elements.
Cell padding
How to use cellpadding to create more white space between the cell content and its borders.
Cell spacing
How to use cellspacing to increase the distance between the cells.
The frame attribute

How to use the "frame" attribute to control the borders around the table.
HTML Table Tags

Tag Description
<table> Defines a table
<th> Defines a table header
<tr> Defines a table row
<td> Defines a table cell
<caption> Defines a table caption
<colgroup> Defines a group of columns in a table, for formatting
<col /> Defines attribute values for one or more columns in a table
<thead> Groups the header content in a table
<tbody> Groups the body content in a table
<tfoot> Groups the footer content in a table
HTML Lists
The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:
HTML Lists
An ordered list: An unordered list:
1. The first list item  List item

2. The second list item  List item
3. The third list item  List item
Try-It-Yourself Examples
Unordered list
How to create an unordered list in an HTML document.
Ordered list
How to create an ordered list in an HTML document.
HTML Unordered Lists

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
 Coffee
 Milk
HTML Ordered Lists
An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items are marked with numbers.
<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>
1. Coffee
2. Milk
HTML Definition Lists

A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item.
The <dl> tag defines a definition list.
The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the item in the list) and <dd> (describes
the item in the list):
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>
Coffee
- black hot drink
Milk
- white cold drink

Tip: Inside a list item you can put text, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.
More Examples
Different types of ordered lists

Demonstrates different types of ordered lists.
Different types of unordered lists

Demonstrates different types of unordered lists.
Nested list
Demonstrates how you can nest lists.
Nested list 2
Demonstrates a more complicated nested list.
Definition list
Demonstrates a definition list.
HTML List Tags

Tag Description
<ol> Defines an ordered list
<ul> Defines an unordered list
<li> Defines a list item
<dl> Defines a definition list
<dt> Defines an item in a definition list
<dd> Defines a description of an item in a definition list

Next Chapter »
HTML Forms and Input

HTML Forms are used to select different kinds of user input.
Create text fields
How to create text fields. The user can write text in a text field.
Create password field

« How to create a password field.
Previ
ous (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)
HTML Forms
HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.
A form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit
buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label
elements.
The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form:
<form>
.
input elements
.
</form>
HTML Forms - The Input Element
The most important form element is the input element.
The input element is used to select user information.
An input element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An input
element can be of type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and
more.
The most used input types are described below.
Text Fields
<input type="text" /> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into:
<form>
First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br />
Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" />
</form>
First name:
Last name:
Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20
characters.
Password Field
<input type="password" /> defines a password field:
<form>
Password: <input type="password" name="pwd" />
</form>
Password:
Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).
Radio Buttons
<input type="radio" /> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE
one of a limited number of choices:
<form>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" /> Male<br />
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> Female
</form>
Male
Female
Checkboxes
<input type="checkbox" /> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ONE or
MORE options of a limited number of choices.
<form>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike" /> I have a bike<br />
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car" /> I have a car
</form>
I have a bike
I have a car
Submit Button
<input type="submit" /> defines a submit button.
A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified
in the form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something
with the received input:
<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get">
Username: <input type="text" name="user" />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>
Submit
Username:
If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the
browser will send your input to a page called "html_form_action.asp". The page will show
you the received input.
More Input Examples

Radio buttons
How to create radio buttons.
Checkboxes
How to create checkboxes. A user can select or unselect a checkbox.
Simple drop-down list

How to create a simple drop-down list.
Drop-down list with a pre-selected value

How to create a drop-down list with a pre-selected value.
Textarea
How to create a multi-line text input control. In a text-area the user can write an unlimited
number of characters.
Create a button
How to create a button.
Form Examples
Fieldset around form-data
How to create a border around elements in a form.
Form with text fields and a submit button

How to create a form with two text fields and a submit button.
Form with checkboxes
How to create a form with three checkboxes and a submit button.
Form with radio buttons

How to create a form with two radio buttons, and a submit button.
Send e-mail from a form

How to send e-mail from a form.
HTML Form Tags

Tag Description
<form> Defines an HTML form for user input
<input /> Defines an input control
<textarea> Defines a multi-line text input control
<label> Defines a label for an input element
<fieldset> Defines a border around elements in a form
<legend> Defines a caption for a fieldset element
<select> Defines a select list (drop-down list)
<optgroup> Defines a group of related options in a select list
<option> Defines an option in a select list
<button> Defines a push button
HTML Frames
With frames, several Web pages can be displayed in the same browser window.
Vertical frameset
How to make a vertical frameset with three different documents.
Horizontal frameset
How to make a horizontal frameset with three different documents.
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)
HTML Frames
With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the same browser
window. Each HTML document is called a frame, and each frame is independent of the
others.
The disadvantages of using frames are:
 The web developer must keep track of more HTML documents

 It is difficult to print the entire page
The HTML frameset Element

The frameset element holds one or more frame elements. Each frame element can hold a
separate document.
The frameset element states HOW MANY columns or rows there will be in the frameset,
and HOW MUCH percentage/pixels of space will occupy each of them.
The HTML frame Element

The <frame> tag defines one particular window (frame) within a frameset.
In the example below we have a frameset with two columns.
The first column is set to 25% of the width of the browser window. The second column is
set to 75% of the width of the browser window. The document "frame_a.htm" is put into
the first column, and the document "frame_b.htm" is put into the second column:
<frameset cols="25%,75%">
<frame src="frame_a.htm" />
<frame src="frame_b.htm" />
</frameset>
Note: The frameset column size can also be set in pixels (cols="200,500"), and one of the
columns can be set to use the remaining space, with an asterisk (cols="25%,*").

Tip: If a frame has visible borders, the user can resize it by dragging the border. To prevent
a user from doing this, you can add noresize="noresize" to the <frame> tag.
Note: Add the <noframes> tag for browsers that do not support frames.
Important: You cannot use the <body></body> tags together with the
<frameset></frameset> tags! However, if you add a <noframes> tag containing some text
for browsers that do not support frames, you will have to enclose the text in
<body></body> tags! See how it is done in the first example below.
More Examples
How to use the <noframes> tag
How to use the <noframes> tag (for browsers that do not support frames).
Nested framesets
How to create a frameset with three documents, and how to mix them in rows and columns.
Frameset with noresize="noresize"

How to use the noresize attribute. Move the mouse over the borders between the frames
and notice that you cannot move the borders.
Navigation frame
How to make a navigation frame. The navigation frame contains a list of links with the
second frame as the target. The file called "tryhtml_contents.htm" contains three links. The
source code of the links:
<a href ="frame_a.htm" target ="showframe">Frame a</a><br>
<a href ="frame_b.htm" target ="showframe">Frame b</a><br>
<a href ="frame_c.htm" target ="showframe">Frame c</a>
The second frame will show the linked document.
Inline frame
How to create an inline frame (a frame inside an HTML page).
Jump to a specified section within a frame

Two frames. One of the frames has a source to a specified section in a file. The specified
section is made with <a name="C10"> in the "link.htm" file.
Jump to a specified section with frame navigation
Two frames. The navigation frame (content.htm) to the left contains a list of links with the
second frame (link.htm) as a target. The second frame shows the linked document. One of
the links in the navigation frame is linked to a specified section in the target file. The
HTML code in the file "content.htm" looks like this: <a href ="link.htm" target
="showframe">Link without Anchor</a><br><a href ="link.htm#C10" target
="showframe">Link with Anchor</a>.
HTML Frame Tags

Tag Description
<frameset> Defines a set of frames
<frame /> Defines a sub window (a frame)
<noframes> Defines a noframe section for browsers that do not handle frames
<iframe> Defines an inline sub window (frame)
HTML Colors
Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light.
Color Values
HTML colors are defined using a hexadecimal notation (HEX) for the combination of Red,
Green, and Blue color values (RGB).
The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is 0 (in HEX: 00). The
highest value is 255 (in HEX: FF).
HEX values are specified as 3 pairs of two-digit numbers, starting with a # sign.
Color Values
Color Color HEX Color RGB
#000000 rgb(0,0,0)
#FF0000 rgb(255,0,0)
#00FF00 rgb(0,255,0)
#0000FF rgb(0,0,255)
#FFFF00 rgb(255,255,0)
#00FFFF rgb(0,255,255)
#FF00FF rgb(255,0,255)
#C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,192)
#FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)
Try it yourself »
16 Million Different Colors

The combination of Red, Green, and Blue values from 0 to 255, gives more than 16 million
different colors (256 x 256 x 256).
If you look at the color table below, you will see the result of varying the red light from 0
to 255, while keeping the green and blue light at zero.
To see the full list of color mixes when RED varies from 0 to 255, click on one of the HEX
or RGB values below.
Red Light Color HEX Color RGB

#000000 rgb(0,0,0)
#080000 rgb(8,0,0)
#100000 rgb(16,0,0)
#180000 rgb(24,0,0)
#200000 rgb(32,0,0)
#280000 rgb(40,0,0)
#300000 rgb(48,0,0)
#380000 rgb(56,0,0)
#400000 rgb(64,0,0)
#480000 rgb(72,0,0)
#500000 rgb(80,0,0)
#580000 rgb(88,0,0)
#600000 rgb(96,0,0)
#680000 rgb(104,0,0)
#700000 rgb(112,0,0)
#780000 rgb(120,0,0)
#800000 rgb(128,0,0)
#880000 rgb(136,0,0)
#900000 rgb(144,0,0)
#980000 rgb(152,0,0)
#A00000 rgb(160,0,0)
#A80000 rgb(168,0,0)
#B00000 rgb(176,0,0)
#B80000 rgb(184,0,0)
#C00000 rgb(192,0,0)
#C80000 rgb(200,0,0)
#D00000 rgb(208,0,0)
#D80000 rgb(216,0,0)
#E00000 rgb(224,0,0)
#E80000 rgb(232,0,0)
#F00000 rgb(240,0,0)
#F80000 rgb(248,0,0)
#FF0000 rgb(255,0,0)
Shades of Gray
Gray colors are created by using an equal amount of power to all of the light sources.
To make it easier for you to select the correct shade, we have created a table of gray shades
for you:
Gray Shades Color HEX Color RGB

#000000 rgb(0,0,0)
#080808 rgb(8,8,8)
#101010 rgb(16,16,16)
#181818 rgb(24,24,24)
#202020 rgb(32,32,32)
#282828 rgb(40,40,40)
#303030 rgb(48,48,48)
#383838 rgb(56,56,56)
#404040 rgb(64,64,64)
#484848 rgb(72,72,72)
#505050 rgb(80,80,80)
#585858 rgb(88,88,88)
#606060 rgb(96,96,96)
#686868 rgb(104,104,104)
#707070 rgb(112,112,112)
#787878 rgb(120,120,120)
#808080 rgb(128,128,128)
#888888 rgb(136,136,136)
#909090 rgb(144,144,144)
#989898 rgb(152,152,152)
#A0A0A0 rgb(160,160,160)
#A8A8A8 rgb(168,168,168)
#B0B0B0 rgb(176,176,176)
#B8B8B8 rgb(184,184,184)
#C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,192)
#C8C8C8 rgb(200,200,200)
#D0D0D0 rgb(208,208,208)
#D8D8D8 rgb(216,216,216)
#E0E0E0 rgb(224,224,224)
#E8E8E8 rgb(232,232,232)
#F0F0F0 rgb(240,240,240)
#F8F8F8 rgb(248,248,248)
#FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)
Web Safe Colors?

Some years ago, when computers supported max 256 different colors, a list of 216 "Web
Safe Colors" was suggested as a Web standard, reserving 40 fixed system colors.
The 216 cross-browser color palette was created to ensure that all computers would display
the colors correctly when running a 256 color palette.
This is not important today, since most computers can display millions of different colors.
Anyway, here is the list:
000000 000033 000066 000099 0000CC 0000FF
003300 003333 003366 003399 0033CC 0033FF
006600 006633 006666 006699 0066CC 0066FF
009900 009933 009966 009999 0099CC 0099FF
00CC00 00CC33 00CC66 00CC99 00CCCC 00CCFF
00FF00 00FF33 00FF66 00FF99 00FFCC 00FFFF
330000 330033 330066 330099 3300CC 3300FF
333300 333333 333366 333399 3333CC 3333FF
336600 336633 336666 336699 3366CC 3366FF
339900 339933 339966 339999 3399CC 3399FF
660000 660033 660066 660099 6600CC 6600FF
663300 663333 663366 663399 6633CC 6633FF
666600 666633 666666 666699 6666CC 6666FF
669900 669933 669966 669999 6699CC 6699FF
990000 990033 990066 990099 9900CC 9900FF
993300 993333 993366 993399 9933CC 9933FF
996600 996633 996666 996699 9966CC 9966FF
999900 999933 999966 999999 9999CC 9999FF
CC0000 CC0033 CC0066 CC0099 CC00CC CC00FF
CCCC00 CCCC33 CCCC66 CCCC99 CCCCCC CCCCFF
CCFF00 CCFF33 CCFF66 CCFF99 CCFFCC CCFFFF
FF0000 FF0033 FF0066 FF0099 FF00CC FF00FF
FFCC00 FFCC33 FFCC66 FFCC99 FFCCCC FFCCFF
FFFF00 FFFF33 FFFF66 FFFF99 FFFFCC FFFFFF

HTML Color Names
Color Names Supported by All Browsers

147 color names are defined in the HTML and CSS color specification (17 standard colors
plus 130 more). The table below lists them all, along with their hexadecimal values.
Tip: The 17 standard colors are: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, grey, green, lime,
maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.
Click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along
with different text colors:
Sorted by Color Name

Same list sorted by hex values
Color Name HEX Color Shades Mix

AliceBlue #F0F8FF Shades Mix
AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7 Shades Mix
Aqua #00FFFF Shades Mix
Aquamarine #7FFFD4 Shades Mix
Azure #F0FFFF Shades Mix
Beige #F5F5DC Shades Mix
Bisque #FFE4C4 Shades Mix
Black #000000 Shades Mix
BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD Shades Mix
Blue #0000FF Shades Mix
BlueViolet #8A2BE2 Shades Mix
Brown #A52A2A Shades Mix
BurlyWood #DEB887 Shades Mix
CadetBlue #5F9EA0 Shades Mix
Chartreuse #7FFF00 Shades Mix
Chocolate #D2691E Shades Mix
Coral #FF7F50 Shades Mix

HTML Attributes

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HTML Basic

With HTML you can create your own Web site.

This tutorial teaches you everything about HTML.

HTML is easy to learn - You will enjoy it.

Examples in Each Chapter

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Click on the "Try it yourself" button to see how it works

Start learning HTML now!

HTML Quiz Test

Start HTML Quiz!

HTML 4.01 Tag Reference

HTML Exam - Get Your Diploma!

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« W3Schools Home Next Chapter »

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

HTML Documents = Web Pages

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

« Previous Next Chapter »

HTML - Getting Started

What You Need

 You don't need an HTML editor

Create Your Own Test Web

Use Your Test Web For Learning

With new software it is perfectly safe to use .html.

« Previous Next Chapter »

HTML Basic - 4 Examples

You will learn about them in the next chapters.

Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute.

(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).

« Previous Next Chapter »

Start tag * Element content End tag *

HTML Element Syntax

Nested HTML Elements

HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example

The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained

<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>

The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document.

The <body> element:

The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.

The <html> element:

The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.

Empty HTML Elements

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

« Previous Next Chapter »

Always Quote Attribute Values

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes

HTML Attributes Reference

Complete HTML Reference

Attribute Value Description

For more information about standard attributes: