1 Read the article and complete gaps 1–6 with WHY ARE YOU WHO YOU ARE? sentences A–H. There are two extra sentences that you do not need. (6 points) A As a result, they often work in jobs such as W hat makes a person affectionate or decisive? Why is someone stubborn or shy? A dictionary defines personality as ‘a set of qualities that makes a person distinct nursing or social work which involve caring for from another and behave in a certain way’. 1_ Most others. psychologists now agree that certain qualities are hereditary B In addition, being successful matters to them. (we get them from our parents), but qualities based on our C This means people can manage their time and values and beliefs develop from socialisation (the society we priorities. live in and the way we are brought up) and the experiences we D Although psychologists can measure this, they each have. The most recent research has shown that we can don’t understand why it happens. divide personality into five key areas: Extroversion, E But why do we all develop different qualities? Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Openness. F In fact, low-scorers can be very intelligent and Personality tests can measure how high we score in each area. capable. Psychologists can use the results to predict how we are likely to G People who are rude are usually bossy behave and even say what jobs we will be good at. because of this. Extroversion is probably the most familiar concept. People H However, they are extremely good at analysing who score highly are fun-loving and happy and they love being things and thinking. the centre of attention. 2_ This is why they are often hard-working and ambitious – they hate failing and will strive 2 Read the article again and choose the correct to fulfil their ambitions. However, they can get bored easily, take answers. (4 points) dangerous risks and can be immature or disloyal. People who score low in this area are not necessarily shy, they are simply less 1 According to the text, psychologists think that interested in and motivated by success, praise or pleasure. a the qualities we get from our parents are the Neuroticism has positive and negative aspects too. People most important in determining personality. b our personalities are determined by who score highly in Neuroticism tend to be depressed, anxious socialisation, our experiences and the and insecure. Because of this they easily get stressed. qualities we inherit from our parents. 3 _ As a result, they often do well academically and c socialisation influences our personality less make great scientists or mathematicians. People with low than our experiences. scores worry too little – they don’t pay enough attention to d our experiences don’t influence our detail and they can be careless. personality. People with high scores in Conscientiousness are good at 2 People with high Extroversion scores setting goals and achieving them because they are disciplined, a are usually shy and unhappy. efficient and reliable. 4_ In many jobs, high b are only motivated by success. Conscientiousness is an advantage. However, high-scorers can c will always take a lot of risks. be unspontaneous and gloomy. They don’t like changing their d like having fun. plans. People with low scores are easily distracted and 3 Someone who scores highly in Neuroticism unreliable. a is likely to be good at studying. Agreeableness measures how much we relate to others’ b doesn’t usually suffer from stress. feelings. People with high Agreeableness usually have strong c pays very little attention to detail. social networks. They rarely have fights or get angry quickly, d worries about being careless. and they are good at helping people. 5_ However, high 4 People with a high Agreeableness score agreeableness can be a drawback – people are too soft-headed a never get angry. and they may stay in bad relationships because they don’t want b are thoughtful and care for other people’s to hurt someone. People with low scores are self-centred and feelings. c are very self-centred but affectionate. they use other people to get what they want. d have too many friends. Openness is all about imagination. High-scorers often enjoy poetry and the arts and they can be very creative thinkers. However, because of this, they can be impractical. Scoring low in this area doesn’t mean people are stupid. 6 _ They will focus on practical solutions rather than being imaginative.
1 CD Track 3 Listen to the news report and Class CD4.28 1 Complete the mini dialogues with one word in each complete the sentences with the correct information. gap. (5 points) (5 points) A Personally, I think that CDs are too 1 According to the witnesses of the bank expensive for young people to buy. robbery, the robbers were extremely B Yeah, you’re right! __________. 1 A As far as I’m _______________, you shouldn’t 2 The offenders who wrote graffiti on the school download films from the Internet. were __________ years old. B I agree, it’s wrong. 3 The drink driver lost his __________ 2 A Dad, I was _______________ if I could stay permanently. out late tonight? 4 __________% of the young people in the B Yes, you can, as _______________ as you’re survey admitted stealing from shops. back by one o’clock. Is that fine? 5 Two of the mugger’s victims have decided not 3 A I think it’s only _______________ that young to __________ him. people enjoy music. Class CD4.28 Listen again. Are the B Yeah, if you _______________ about it, it’s 2 CD Track 3 one of the most important things in most statements true (T) or false (F)? (5 points) young people’s lives, right? 1 There were no people present when the robbers arrived. 2 One of the vandals chose a prison sentence as his punishment. 3 The judge has decided to use electronic tagging for the drink-driving offender. 4 Shoplifting was the second most common crime committed by young offenders. 5 As a result of apologising to his victims, the mugger promised not to attack people in the future.