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Kwca Edlerbismrab Bmelgbi Bi Vijenakñúg .: Dns Linux System

1. DNS resolves domain names to IP addresses and vice versa. It uses a distributed database stored across servers. 2. To configure a DNS client, the /etc/resolv.conf file is modified to specify the domain, name servers, and search paths. 3. Setting up a DNS server involves installing BIND software and configuring zones and resource records in files like named.conf and domain.zone. Common resource records include SOA, NS, A, PTR, CNAME and MX.

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53 views5 pages

Kwca Edlerbismrab Bmelgbi Bi Vijenakñúg .: Dns Linux System

1. DNS resolves domain names to IP addresses and vice versa. It uses a distributed database stored across servers. 2. To configure a DNS client, the /etc/resolv.conf file is modified to specify the domain, name servers, and search paths. 3. Setting up a DNS server involves installing BIND software and configuring zones and resource records in files like named.conf and domain.zone. Common resource records include SOA, NS, A, PTR, CNAME and MX.

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សៀវម៉ី ដារា
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter DNS Linux System

DNS
Domain Name Service

History of DNS
 the end of 1960s :(ARPA) had created name server in flat file
only the host.txt file was managed name-to-address mapping for all host
 the early 1980s : TCP/IP Centralized Administration
The ARPA net grew to a network of tens of the thousands of host
 middle of 1980s : DNS was designed
Hosts.txt was replaced by DNS. DNS is a distributed (decentralized) Database.
DNS KWCa Name resolution mechanism
EdleRbIsMrab;bMElgBI host name to IP Address or BI IP address
to Host Name vijenAkñúg internet or intranet .
 The Domain Name Service (DNS) is the heart of the Internet
 DNS was design to resolve IP address and host name in both direction
1. How dose DNS work?
Let’s say that you want to access Web Site to see product and services offered by
Integrated Logic, Inc.

Local DNS server


your computer (typically, located at on ISP)
(1)
(2)
Web browser (5) (2)
(3)
(4)
Cache

Root DNS server

Integration logic com DNS server

(1) enAeBlEdl User vay www.evoknow.com va Request


eTA Local DNS Server
(2) eBlenaH Local DNS Server
vaeTAEsVgrkenAkñúg Database Edl Stored IP

Prepared by Mr. Bun Seihak Page 1/5 RUPP (SPD)


Chapter DNS Linux System

sMrab; Web Site (Cache) faetI www.evoknow.com RtUvnwg IP


elxb:unµan? ebImineXIjenaH Local DNS Server
(3) vasYreTA Root DNS Server(enA America ) bnþ
eBlenaH Root DNS Server vaR)ab;fa
(4) GñkÉgcg;)an IP rbs; www.wvoknow.com
dUecñHGñkÉgRtUv connect
eTARkumh‘unenaHedaypÞal; (Integration Logic com
DNS Server) eBlenaH Integration Logic DNS Server )anpþl; IP

Address mk[ Local DNS Server

(5) Local DNS Server k¾pþl; IP eTAeGay Client vij.


(1) Your Web browser contacts the local DNS Server.
(2) The local DNS Server checked its cache to find the IP address for the site.
(3) The local DNS server contact another DNS server (typically, a root DNS server) to
locate the IP address of the DNS server responsible for the eviknow.com domain.
(4) The local DNS server asks the DNS server for the evoknow.com domain to return
the IP address for the site.
(5) The local DNS server finally return the IP address to the Web browser and cache
the IP address for the future use.

2. Configuring a DNS Client (Resolver)


(Resolver is a computer client)

First, you need to modify the resolver configuration file called /etc/resolv.conf
#vi /etc/resolv.conf
#Default Domain
domain evoknow.com
# Default search list
search evoknow.com
#First name server
nameserver 206.171.50.50
#second name server
nameserver 206.171.50.55

3. Setting up a DNS Server


Red Hat Linux comes with the Berkeley Internet Name Domain(BIND) server
software.
# rpm –ihv bin-9.2.1-16.1386.rpm (CD#1)
3.1 Resource records

 SOA Start Of Authority, used to indicate the start of a zone(is domain)


@IN SOA nameserver.Contact-email-addresses(

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Chapter DNS Linux System

serial_number; (for note database the same or note)


refresh_number; (for when system refresh)
retry_number;
expire_number;
minimum_number);
For Example:
@IN SOA ns.example.com kabi@example.com(
2004030100;
7200;
3600;
43200;
3600);
 NS : Name Service, used to specify the name server responsible for a
domain. The syntax is as follow
IN NS name-server-hostname
For Example
IN NS ns.example.com
 A : Address, specify on IP address for a specific hostname. An A record
translate hostname to an IP address. The Syntax is as follow
Hostname IN A IP-address
For Example
www.evoknow.com IN A 206.171.50.50
 PTR : Domain Name Pointer used to translate on IP address to
hostname. The syntax is as follow:
IP-address IN PTR hostname
For Example :
206.171.50.50 IN PTR www.example.com
 CNAME : Canonical Name specify an alias (hostname) for the
canonical (official ) hostname. The syntax is as follow:
Alias IN CNAME canonical-hostname
For Example:
Webserver.example.com IN CNAME www.example.com

 MX : Male Exchange
Used to specify a hostname that is set up as the SMTP mail server for
domain. The syntax is as follow:
IN MX preference-value mail-server-hostname
For Example:
IN MX 0 mail.example.com
Note:
The preference value is useful only if you have more than one
SMTP mail server
IN MX 10 fast.mail.server.example.com
IN MX 30 slow.mail.server.example.com
3.2 Understanding the Basic of DNS configuration
3.2.1 The /etc/named.conf file
# This is the comment line
# zone statement
zone domain-name{
type master;

Prepared by Mr. Bun Seihak Page 3/5 RUPP (SPD)


Chapter DNS Linux System

file <filename>;
}
zone domain-name{
type slave;
file <filename>;
}
3.2.2 Domain or zone specific configuration
zone “example.com”{
type master;
file “example.com.zone”;
}
zone “50.171.206 in addr.arpa{
type master;
file “50.171.206 in-addr.arpa.zone”;
}

3.2.3 Understanding the zone file


Zone files are stared in the /var/named directory.
For example, the following is a zone file for a domain linuxbiz.net zone
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA linuxbiz.net net.broadcast (
11;
28800;
7200;
604800;
36400;
)
IN NS linuxserver.linuxbiz.net
linuxserver IN A 192.168.0.1
www IN CNAME linuxserver

Khean

DNS
1. setting a DNS server
RHL come with a BIND(Berkeley Internet Name Domain) server software.
If you don’t install it during the installing process, you can install it by
using.
#rpm –ivh bind-*.i386.rpm
BIND also come with a GUI configurations tool called a bindconf.
You can install by
#rpm –ivh bindconf_*.rpm
2. configuring a primary/master DNS server

The following is an example of a such zone file


@ IN SOA pc1.rupp.edu.kh. root.rupp.edu.kh. (
1; serial
2H; refresh- 2hours
3600; retry-1hour

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Chapter DNS Linux System

432000; expire-12hours
3600); minimum-1hour
IN NS pc1.rupp.edu.kh
IN MX 10 mail.rupp.edu.kh
pc1 IN A 192.168.100.1
pc2 IN A 192.168.100.2
www IN A 192.168.100.3
mail IN A 192.168.100.4

Refresh: secondary DNS server will attempt to poll the domain information at this interval
Retry: if not successfully, the secondary DNS will retry at this interval
Expire: specify the period that this information will expire
Minimum secondary DNS will not refresh server than this

Resource Record (RR) Description


SOA short of Authority
A Address
NS Name Server
PTR Pointer Record
CNAME Canonical Name (alias)
MX Mail Exchange

3. Configuring a Slave /Secondary DNS Sever


Configuring a slave/Secondary DNS Server is quite simple.
The /etc/named.conf will be configured as:
Zone “rupp.edu.kh”{
type Slave;
file  “ rupp.edu.kh.zone”;
master {192.168.100.1;};
};

4. sad

Prepared by Mr. Bun Seihak Page 5/5 RUPP (SPD)

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