Partial Fractions: Like Our Page For More Entry Test Materials & Admission Updates

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CHAPTER 05
Partial Fractions
 Difference between a Conditional Equation and an Identity Equation.
Conditional is true for some specific values while Identity is a universal
Equation.
 In a universal Equation the sign of Equality used is " ≡ ".
 Difference between a Proper and Improper Rational Function.
 Theorem of Equality of Polynomials.(Page:180).

Now to solve MCQ’s of Partial Fractions Quickly, you have two options.

1) Just keep one thing in mind that as we can obtain


partial fractions of a rational Function conversely we
can get original Function by adding Partial fractions.
For example if Partial fractions of a function are asked
with four options, add partial fractions in each option
to get original fraction.
2) you can solve the MCQ of Partial Fraction by following
Method:
 Put x=0 in the question and check what value is coming (Note this
value). If 0/0 form is becoming by putting x=0 then put x=1,2 or 3
etc. and note the value.
Now put that value of x in the options of MCQ for which you
have noted the value in 1st step and evaluate. For one option, the
value will match with the value of the question you calculated. It
will be the answer.
-Proper Rational Fraction:
Let P(x)/Q(x) be a rational fraction then P(x)<Q(x) is a proper

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Rational Fraction.
-Improper Rational Fraction:
Let P(x)/Q(x) be a rational fraction then P(x)≥ Q(x) is an improper
Rational Fraction.
Note: For making improper Rational Fraction, a proper Fraction,
we divide it.
For Example, please see Textbook page# 179.(Def. of Improper
Fraction)
Case#1: Resolution of P(x)/Q(x) into partial Fractions
when Q(x) has only non-repeated factor:
The Polynomial Q(x) may be written as:
Q(x)=(x-a1)(x-a2)……(x- an) whereas a1≠ a2≠…..≠ an
Then P(x)/Q(x)= + + ⋯+
For this case, there is a shortcut (Cover Up Method) to find the
Partial Fraction.

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See the Example#1, page#181 (Alternative Method)


Case#2: When Q(x) has repeated linear factors:
If the polynomial has a factor (x-a)2 ,x≥2 and n is a +ive integer then
P(x)/Q(x) may be written as the following identity,
:. P(x)/Q(x)= + + ⋯+
For Example, please check the Textbook page#184,Example#1
Case#3: When Q(x) contains non-repeated irreducible Quadratic Factor:
If the polynomial Q(x) contains non-repeated irreducible quadratic
factor then P(x)/Q(x) may be written as identity having partial fractions
of the form , where A and B are the numbers to be found.

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See the example on page#186 (Text Book), Example#1.


Case#4: When Q(x)= has repeated irreducible Quadratic Factors:
If The polynomial Q(x) contains repeated irreducible quadratic factors
(ax2+bx+c)n, n≥2 and n is +ive integer then P(x)/Q(x) may be written as
the identity.
(See the example on Page#188, Example#1)

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