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    Setin 2017

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    roberto
    This document discusses how increasing tilt (g) in a non-interacting Hamiltonian with periodic boundary conditions can cause pairs of single-particle energy levels to develop imaginary parts, first at a critical tilt (gc). It then shows that for many-particle states, pairs of many-particle energy levels will also coalesce at gc, as they are composed of occupied single-particle orbitals. The emergence of imaginary parts in the single-particle spectrum with increasing g is demonstrated through exact diagonalization, and an analytical relationship is derived between gc and the localization length.

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    Setin 2017

    Uploaded by

    roberto
    24 views1 page
    This document discusses how increasing tilt (g) in a non-interacting Hamiltonian with periodic boundary conditions can cause pairs of single-particle energy levels to develop imaginary parts, first at a critical tilt (gc). It then shows that for many-particle states, pairs of many-particle energy levels will also coalesce at gc, as they are composed of occupied single-particle orbitals. The emergence of imaginary parts in the single-particle spectrum with increasing g is demonstrated through exact diagonalization, and an analytical relationship is derived between gc and the localization length.

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    This document discusses how increasing tilt (g) in a non-interacting Hamiltonian with periodic boundary conditions can cause pairs of single-particle energy levels to develop imaginary parts, first at a critical tilt (gc). It then shows that for many-particle states, pairs of many-particle energy levels will also coalesce at gc, as they are composed of occupied single-particle orbitals. The emergence of imaginary parts in the single-particle spectrum with increasing g is demonstrated through exact diagonalization, and an analytical relationship is derived between gc and the localization length.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views1 page

    Setin 2017

    Uploaded by

    roberto
    This document discusses how increasing tilt (g) in a non-interacting Hamiltonian with periodic boundary conditions can cause pairs of single-particle energy levels to develop imaginary parts, first at a critical tilt (gc). It then shows that for many-particle states, pairs of many-particle energy levels will also coalesce at gc, as they are composed of occupied single-particle orbitals. The emergence of imaginary parts in the single-particle spectrum with increasing g is demonstrated through exact diagonalization, and an analytical relationship is derived between gc and the localization length.

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    5

    1.0
    ED N =6
    0.6
    1 0.9 N =8
    gc =
    N = 10
    0.5 0.8 N = 12

    fimag
    0.4 0.7
    gc

    0.3 0.6

    0.2 0.5
    1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
    tilt g
    0.1
    0.2 0.4 0.6 FIG. 5. Emergence of imaginary part of energy with
    1 increasing tilt g. y axis is fraction of eigenvalues having
    imaginary component for one realization of (1) at interaction
    strength U = 0, disorder width W = 7, and system size N as
    indicated. Dotted lines show our analytical results (28), (29)
    FIG. 4. Critical tilt gc against inverse localization for the first few bifurcations.
    length ⇠↵ 1 via exact diagonalization for 1000 disorder re-
    alizations of (10) at system size N = 40 and lead parameters
    as in Eq. (19). (We consider eigenstate ↵ = 20 of each real- so we can ignore the G[1:N ] term. If we assume
    ization.) This confirms our analytical relationship (21).
    1 1
    h2|G[2:N ] |N i ⇠e (N 1)⇠
    (25)
    between any two sites, it is not obvious that the results of then
    Sec. III C will carry over to ordinary chains with periodic
    boundary conditions. Eq. 21, which connects gc and ⇠↵ g c ⇠ ⇠↵ 1 . (26)
    for some eigenstate, requires a carefully fine-tuned lead
    site. Can we do better? Can we take a generic lead
    site—that is, a straightforward periodic chain? IV. MANY-PARTICLE CASE AND
    If we are willing to relax our demands for rigor, we can INTERACTION BROADENING
    make some estimates. Take the Hamiltonian (1) with pe-
    riodic boundary conditions acting on one particle. Single A. Many-particle non-interacting case
    out one arbitrary site for treatment as the “lead”, and
    return to (12). Once again take E to be an eigenvalue of Now let the same Hamiltonian (1) act on many
    the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian H(g), so (12) becomes particles—in fact on the half-filling sector—but take it
    [1:N ] to be noninteractingQ(U = 0). Its eigenstates will be
    0 = (E µ0 ) det(EI Hopen ) t20 det(EI [2:N ]
    Hopen ) Slater determinants ↵2A c†↵ |0i with eigenvalues EA =
    P
    + ( 1)N +1 t20 tN 1 (N +1)g
    e . ↵2A E↵ . When two single-particle states pass through
    (22) an exceptional point, developing imaginary parts to their
    energies, they therefore take with them a whole class of
    Take t0 = t—the supposed lead site is just a normal many-particle states.
    lattice site, after all—and write the determinants in To quantify this e↵ect consider first increasing g
    terms of the (1, N ) components of the Green’s functions through gc , the tilt at which the first two single-particle
    [1:N ] [2:N ]
    G[1:N ] , G[2:N ] of Hopen , Hopen . This becomes states go through an exceptional point. (In the example
    above, of an open chain with a lead site, these will be
    1 1 the lead site and the open-chain level n.) Call those two
    0 = (E µ0 ) h1|G[1:N ] |N i + t h2|G[2:N ] |N i states ↵1 and ↵2 , and occupy a set A of additional lev-
    (23)
    + e(N +1)g . els, not including ↵1 , ↵2 , with more particles. Since the
    energy di↵erence of the many body state is the same as
    Now work at gc . Once again write E↵ for the eigenvalue that of the delocalizing orbitals,
    nearest µ0 ; even though t0 is no longer small, we expect
    E↵1 A (g) E↵2 A (g) = E↵1 (g) E↵2 (g) (27)
    1 1
    E µ 0 ⇠ E↵ E ⇠ (E↵ µ) ⇠ p ⌧ 1 , (24)
    2 L every such set gives a pair of levels that coalesce at gc .

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