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Partition Norm Refinement Lower Riemann Sum: Definitions

This document defines the Riemann integral and discusses partitions, upper and lower sums, and Riemann integrability. It states that a function is Riemann integrable on an interval if it is bounded and for any epsilon greater than 0, there exists a partition where the upper and lower sums differ by less than epsilon. It also notes that continuous functions are integrable and defines the upper and lower integrals as the infimum of upper sums and supremum of lower sums over all partitions, and the integral is their common value if they are equal.

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Zidii Rajpoot
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62 views

Partition Norm Refinement Lower Riemann Sum: Definitions

This document defines the Riemann integral and discusses partitions, upper and lower sums, and Riemann integrability. It states that a function is Riemann integrable on an interval if it is bounded and for any epsilon greater than 0, there exists a partition where the upper and lower sums differ by less than epsilon. It also notes that continuous functions are integrable and defines the upper and lower integrals as the infimum of upper sums and supremum of lower sums over all partitions, and the integral is their common value if they are equal.

Uploaded by

Zidii Rajpoot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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§5.

1- The Riemann Integral Partitions, Upper and Lower sums


Definitions: Let [a, b] be an interval in R. The lower Riemann sum of f over P is
A partition of [a, b] is . . . L(f , P ) = ∑nj=1 mj (f )∆xj where mj (f ) = inf(f ([xj −1 , xj ]))
The norm of a partition P is . . . Note:
A refinement of a partition P is . . . For g : N → R,
Let P = {x0 , x1 , . . . , xn } be a partition of [a, b], ∑nk =m (g (k + 1) − g (k )) = g (n + 1) − g (m)
∆xj = xj − xj −1 , and suppose f : [a, b] → R is bounded. If f (x ) = α is constant, U (f , P ) = L(f , p) = α(b − a)
The upper Riemann sum of f over P is L(f , P ) ≤ U (f , P ) for all f and P.
n If Q is a refinement of P, then
U (f , P ) = ∑ Mj (f )∆xj where Mj (f ) = sup(f ([xj −1, xj ])) L(f , P ) ≤ L(f , Q ) ≤ U (f , Q ) ≤ U (f , P ).
j =1 For any Q and P, L(f , Q ) ≤ U (f , P )

Mth 312 – Winter 2011 Section 5.1 1/5 Mth 312 – Winter 2011 Section 5.1 2/5

Riemann Integrable Riemann Integral


Definition: f : [a, b] → R is said to be Riemann Integrable Definitions:Let f : [a, b] → R be bounded.
iff f is bounded and ∀ε > 0, ∃ a partition P so that The Rupper integral of f is
U (f , P ) − L(f , P ) < ε. (U ) ab f (x )dx = inf{U (f , P )|P a partition of [a, b]}
TheRlower integral of f is
Theorem If f is continuous on [a, b], then f is integrable on (L) ab f (x )dx = sup{L(f , P )|P a partition of [a, b]}
[a , b ]
Definition: If the upper and lower integrals of f on [a, b]
Rb
are equal, the integral of f on [a, b] , a f (x )dx is defined to
be their common value.

Note: If f is bounded on [a, b], both lower and upper


Rb Rb
integrals exist and (L) a f (x )dx ≤ (U ) a f (x )dx
Mth 312 – Winter 2011 Section 5.1 3/5 Mth 312 – Winter 2011 Section 5.1 4/5
Constant Functions
Theorem: Let f : [a, b] → R be bounded. Then f is
Rb Rb
integrable iff (L) a f (x )dx = (U ) a f (x )dx
Ra Rb
Convention: b f (x )dx = − a f (x )dx

Theorem: If f (x ) = α is constant on [a, b], then


Rb
a f (x )dx = α(b − a).

Mth 312 – Winter 2011 Section 5.1 5/5

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