Scribd
Upload
43 views10 pages

Power System Operation & Control Spring 2020

This document introduces some key concepts in power system operation and control, including economic importance, reliability, balancing costs and reliability, and environmental impacts. It discusses minimizing costs and maximizing profits or utilities from an economic perspective, as well as ensuring reliable operation. The course outline covers topics like economic dispatch, unit commitment, electricity market organization, and system security.

Uploaded by

Syed Ali Raza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views10 pages

Power System Operation & Control Spring 2020

This document introduces some key concepts in power system operation and control, including economic importance, reliability, balancing costs and reliability, and environmental impacts. It discusses minimizing costs and maximizing profits or utilities from an economic perspective, as well as ensuring reliable operation. The course outline covers topics like economic dispatch, unit commitment, electricity market organization, and system security.

Uploaded by

Syed Ali Raza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Power System Operation Control

Introduction

Power System Operation & Control


Spring 2020

 Pre Requisite

Power System Engineering or Power System Analysis

1
2 Money
2

Economic Importance

 Annual Peak Load: 15,000 MW


 Annual Load Factor: 60%

 Average annual heat rate for converting


fuel to electricity: 10,500 Btu / kWh

 Average Fuel Cost: $9.17 per MBtu


corresponding to Oil Priced at $ 55 / bbl

2
Total Fuel Cost for the System
 Annual energy produced:
15,000  103 kW  8760 hours/year  0.60  7.884  1010 kWh

 Annual Fuel Consumption:


10,500Btu/kWh  7.884  1010 kWh  8.2782 1014 Btu

 Annual Fuel Cost


8.2782 × 1014 Btu × 9.17 × 10−6 $/Btu = $7.6 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛

What about money?


 Minimizing costs
 Operating costs
 Fuel, personnel, maintenance
 Investment costs
 Generators, lines, transformers, switching devices, …

 Maximizing profits
 Competitive electricity markets

 Maximizing utility or benefits


 Consumer’s perspective

3
Reliability
6

What About Reliability?


 Operational reliability
 Withstand faults, failures, forecasting errors and other common
operational problems
 Operate with a security margin

 Planning reliability
 Ability to handle long term problems
 Units on long-term maintenance
 Droughts
 Build enough spare capacity

4
Cost of Reliability
 Providing a security margin and spare capacity
costs money
 Run additional generating units to have some
operating reserve
 Limit production of some generating units to avoid
problems in case of a sudden outage
 Build additional generators and transmission lines
to improve long term reliability

Value of reliability
 Poor reliability cause consumer outages
 Outages cause a loss of revenue or comfort
 Measured using surveys
 Estimate of cost of latest outages or
 Willingness to pay extra to avoid outages
 Value of Lost Load (VoLL)
 Average value of a MWh not delivered
 Estimates range from $2,400 to $20,000
 ~ 100 times larger than the cost of energy

5
Balancing the greed and the fear

10

10

How do we model this balance?

 Mathematical optimization problem


 Cost minimization or profit maximization
 Reliability introduced through constraints
 Explicit costing of reliability is still controversial

11

11

6
Environmental Impact

12

12

13

13

7
Three-way balancing
 More complex optimization problems
 Some environmental effects can be monetized
 Operating cost of renewable generation is essentially zero
 Carbon tax or carbon trading to reflect the effect of CO2
emissions
 Others cannot be monetized
 Effect of hydro generation on fish
 Modeled using additional operating constraints

14

14

Government energy policy


 Not “pure” economics
 Markets and companies take a short term view
 Long term or strategic considerations
 Reduce dependence on imports
 Introduction of competitive electricity markets
 Choice of primary energy sources
 Promotion of wind and photovoltaic in Germany
 Nuclear power in France
 Energy conservation in the Pacific Northwest

15

15

8
Course outline (1)
 Organization of the electricity supply industry
 What are the major economic functions?
 Who does what?
 Introduction to optimization
 Optimization with continuous variables
 Optimization with discrete variables
 Traditional power system economics problems
 Characteristics of Power Generating Units
 Economic dispatch
 Transmission System Effects

16

16

Course outline (2)

 Unit commitment
 Fuel Scheduling
 Optimal power flow
 Control of Generation
 Organization of electricity markets
 Interchange of Power and Energy
 System security and ancillary services

17

17

9
Textbook

 Power Generation, Operation,


and Control, 3rd Edition
 Allen J. Wood, Bruce F.
Wollenberg, Gerald B. Sheblé

18

18

10

You might also like