Ludhiana College of Engg. & Tech.

TRAINING REPORT
OF
SIX WEEKS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING, UNDERTAKEN
AT

“INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS LIMITED”

HOSHIARPUR

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE

OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Under the Guidance of: - Submitted By: -

Name: Mr. Manu Singh Name: Jaspreet Singh
Designation: Sr. Manager College Roll No: 1008
Department: R & D (Tractor Testing) University Roll No. 40911007
 PREFACE

Industrial Training is a most important part of study

curriculum in engineering education field . I am a student of B.Tech in Mechanical
Engineering at Ludhiana College of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana and had
underwent industrial training for SIX WEEKS in SONALIKA International
Tractors Limited.

So for the industrial training I have preferred Tractors

Industries because of its bright future. INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS LTD.
vill.Chackgujran, Hoshiarpur is one of the best firm , which has got ISO 9001
certificate in just two years of its establishment. The firm has acquired the state of
the art technology from Renault Agriculture Ltd. France with whom they have
collaborated. Now company has joint venture with Yanmar, Japan. The profits and
growth of company is amazingly superb. In just three years of establishment the
company is ranked in top positions. The Research & Development center of firm is
completely modern with latest technology. The work force of company is highly
skilled at the top level as well as at the floor level. At the same time the fresh
graduates bring in the fresh ideas.

The company is contributing its maximum to agricultural

sector of country in terms of tractor & its implements. The second unit of
company is engaged in making tractor implements which is again have strong
hold in market. So I have preferred to join INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS LIMITED
for SIX WEEKS training.

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Any sustained effort by untrained minds in a new work environment requires for
culmination, a guiding hand that shows the way. It gives me immense pleasure to be able
to present this project report in the present form for which I am deeply indebted to Mr.
Manu Singh who not only assigned me a responsible role in the project but also guided
and encouraged me at important junctures in the project lifecycle.

I am also thankful to Mr. Paramjeet Singh for his invaluable advice, suggestions and
encouragement that he gave me throughout my project work. Under their able leadership
and guidance, I was able to meet the goals of the project in time.

I am grateful to International Tractors Limited, for providing me with an opportunity

to work with them and undertake a project of such importance. This training and
experience has not only enriched me with technical knowledge but has also imparted the
maturity of thought and vision, the attributes required to be a successful mechanical
professional. Sincere thanks to all my colleagues at ITL for their support and assistance
through out the project.

3
 CONTENTS
Topic. Page No.

1. Preface 2

2. Acknowledgement 3

3. Contents 4

3. Company Profile 5

4. Tractor 11

5. Tractor assembly shop 12

Differential housing assembly 12
Gearbox assembly 15
Rear cover assembly 17
Main chassis assembly phase 18
Paint phase 19

6. Gear Shop 21
7. Light machine shop (LMS) 23
8. Heavy machine shop (HMS) 24
9. Heat treatment shop 27
10. Quality control shop 29
11. Roller testing 34
12. Engine assembly 35
Introduction 35
Connecting rod & Piston Assembly 35
Head assembly 36
Main assembly 36
4
 Engine specification 39
Engine testing 39
13. Research & Development centre 42

INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS LIMITED

(SONALIKA)
COMPANY PROFILE

Sonalika group started its journey of success during 1976 with foundation of small unit to
fabricate and assemble wheat-harvesting machines. With the passage of time this small
initiative taken by Mittal’s in 1976 turned into a great success due to the undaunted
efforts of its promoters and thousands of employees who worked unaltered throughout.
The great success provided further motivation ultimately resulting in setting up a new
plant in the name of International Tractors Limited for the production of tractors as the
demand and requirement of which was growing at a good pace. The plant which was set
up at village Chak Gujran, Hoshiarpur and is spread over an area of 65 acres (approx.)
And obtained the certificate of incorporation on 26 th, February 1996. Now Sonalika
group consists of 3 companies:
1. SONALIKA AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIES
2. INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS LIMITED
3. INTERNATIONAL CARS AND MOTORS LIMITED
International tractor ltd was incorporated on October 17,1995.It was established on 1996 -
1997. Now in Feb-March, the production rate of tractor is 100-125 per day. The total no
of employees working in ITL is more than 3000.The total no of dealers of ITL in India &
neighboring countries are 548. ITL have introduced 15 models of tractors. There are 5
regional offices in India, which are at Delhi, Patna, Ahmedabad, Manipur and Bhopal.
Company got ISO 9001 certificate in April 1999 by ICL. Company is also running its
own agriculture equipment making industries, which is producing thrasher, disk harrow,
wheat harvester etc. They have got collaboration with Renault agriculture ltd. France.
The main head office of ITL is at Mauritius.

5
THE COMPANY AND ITS TIE UP WITH YANMAR:
The company had signed a tie-up with Yanmar, Japan. The MOU
signed by ITL with Yanmar, Japan is a three-pronged collaboration, technical, financial
and commercial.

MISSION:
International tractors ltd. Offer quality product with distinctive features at
reasonable price .the company ensure better than the best after sale service for the
satisfaction of the customer .the firm is ranked as best in terms of its quality and
production front. Company is exporting its tractors to different Asian as well as
African countries.

ISO CERTIFIED COMPANY:

Recently the company has also obtained the ISO 9001:2000 certifications
thereby becoming the only tractor company in Punjab to obtain such certification.

RECRUITMENT: -
Diploma/graduate engineers are recruited through
Campus interview
Employment exchange
Advertisement
Also the candidates up to particular level have to undergo a better of compulsory
selection tests, which include Personality, aptitude test & a series of functional tests, by
which competence of the candidates at the cognitive level is assured. Important factor
considered while selecting an individual are the set of aptitude and values an
individual possess , as this determines the ultimate adjustments between organization
and employee. Many times vacancies are also filled by circulating the requirement
internally, for e.g. the scheme of ‘fast track’ to managerial carriers. Candidates
with the necessary aptitude under goes a selection test programmers based
‘assessment center methodology’. Those who are successful can jump almost four
grades.

6
TRAINING AND LEARNING:-
All classes of employee are trained. Non skilled are trained to become skilled worker
and skilled worker are trained to acquire multiple skills. Diploma and graduates
engineers are trained for one year. There are special managements programmers and
classes. In addition to the job related training all employee attend self-development
programmes.

WORK CULTURE:
The ITL Seeks to create a culture where each employee, vendor, and dealer
feels himself responsible and integral part of the enterprises. The work culture at ITL is
open & participative. Learning is encouraged in the company. Every member respects 5
S formulas.
1.Seiri 2. Seiton 3.Seiso 4.Seiketsu 5.Shitsuke

5s stands for the first five letters of the Japanese words:

JAPANESE
S.No. MEANING
WORD
Sorting out, clearing, segregation, proper selection and remove the
1s SEIRI
waste
Systematic arrangement, keeping things at proper place.
2s SEITON
A place for every thing and every thing in its place.
Cleaning. Keep all the work place area, equipment clean
3s SEISO
Standardizing, environment, cleanliness. Light, noise, punctuality.
4s SEIKETSU
(Order and save time)
Maintain discipline and standards
5s SHITSUKE
To maintain above 4s,respect the rules.

7
The 5s also helps to develop and maintain a good organizational behavior. This program
started in ITL from December 2000. The ultimate goal of house keeping through 5s is to
reduce the cost of product by increasing productivity and contributing to total quality.

OBJECTIVES OF COMPANY
1. The main objective of the company is to bring the latest technology of high
quality and cost advantage to its consumers. By having a strong R&D and the
fully computerized manufacturing facility, ITL ensures a non-stop supply of
quality tractors.
2. Apart from the general objective, every department has their own objectives,
which are in tune with the main objective of the company. In that sense the main
objective of R&D department is to have the best in product development with
maximum utilization of the human resources available.
3. CORPORATE MISSION OF THE COMPANY
● To achieve international standards of excellence in all aspects of agriculture and
diversified business with focus on customer delight
● To maximize creation of wealthy value and satisfaction for the shareholders.
● To attain leadership in developing, adopting and assimilating state of the art
technology for competitive advantage.

8
 ● To provide technology and services through sustained research and development.
● To faster a culture of participation and innovation for employees growth and
conditions.
● To cultivate high standards of business ethics and total quality management for a
strong corporate identity and brand quality.

VARIOUS MODELS
INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS LIMITED – THE COMPANY
As the name suggests, the company is related with the production of tractors and started
its commercial production on October 14th, 1996. At present, the company is producing
different models of tractors, which are: -
DI-730 DI-35 DI-740 DI- 55 DI-750 DI-750III
DI-745 DI-745III DI-750-1 DI-750-III DI-60 DI-75
DI- 90 Etc.

9
10
The monthly production rate of tractors is 3000 to 3800 tractors. The assembly shop
is designed such as to assemble 140 tractors per day. The tractors manufactured by the
company have secured a special place in the market because of their maximum pulling
power and minimum fuel consumption and have achieved a reputation for performance
and quality.
At present the company has a strong nationwide network of more than 528 dealers.
This distribution of dealer network has helped the company to provide sales and services
to its customers. The company is catering to the market throughout not only India but also
various other countries like Nepal, Sri Lanka and South Africa, Nigeria, Zimbabwe.

11
 Tractor-A brief introduction
A wheeled, self-propelled vehicle for hauling other vehicles or equipment and for
operating the towed implements; also, a crawler, which runs on an endless, self-laid track
and performs similar functions.

A farm tractor is a multipurpose power unit. It has a drawbar for drawing tillage tools and
a power takeoff device for driving implements or operating a belt pulley. The acreage to
be worked, type of crops grown, and the terrain all impose their requirements on tractor
design. Accordingly, models vary in such details as power generated, weight, ground
clearance, turning radius, and facilities for operating equipment. All models can,
however, be grouped under four general types: four-wheel, row-crop or high-wheel,
tricycle, and crawler.

Tractors are rated by their horsepower they deliver at the drawbar and at the belt. On
small models, the drawbar and belt horsepower may run as low as 10 (7.5 kW); on large
models the drawbar horsepower runs as high as 132 (98 kW), while belt horsepower
reaches about 144 (107 kW).

The major components are engine, clutch, and transmission. These components are
intimately related and designed to work in conjunction with each other to accomplish
specific work. Tractor engines are relatively low-speed; their maximum horsepower is
generated at crankshaft speeds in the neighborhood of 2000 rpm. These engines have one,
two, three, four, six, or eight cylinders and operate on gasoline, kerosene, liquid
petroleum gas, or diesel fuel. They are of the spark-ignition or diesel type, operating on
the four-stroke-cycle principle, and are cooled by water or air.

Power is transmitted to the rear wheels or to all four wheels. Drive to the front wheels is
mechanical or hydrostatic, its purpose being to increase drawbar pull at the will of the
operator. Transmissions have 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 forward speeds and one or two
reverse gears. Clutch less hydraulic transmissions are also used, making it possible to
shift gears while in motion. Vehicle speeds are low, ranging from slightly more than 1
mi/h (1.6 km/s) to about 18 mi/h (28 km/h) in high gear.

The basic design of an industrial tractor for hauling and for operating construction
equipment departs little from that of a farm tractor, and differences in design of models fit
the vehicle to its intended work. Because high ground clearance is not needed for
industrial work, the tractor is commonly built with a lower center of gravity and is
capable of traveling a few miles per hour faster than a farm tractor. If its use is confined
to hauling, it may not be equipped with hydraulic power. If it is to be used for operating a
scraper, backhoe, or front-end loader, its structure may be heavier and more rugged.

12
 ENGINE ASSEMBLY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Engine can be called as heart of automobile. Engines are used for different
purposes. The engine used in INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS is of these types. The
engine fitted in 740 DI is made by SYMPSONS, which are imported. The engine in 740
& 760 models are assembled in the engine assembly shop. The engine in 50 & 60 H.P.
are of two types one is standard model and its design is taken from ZETOR of
Checkosolavia and other is fuel efficient model in which crank case and head design is
taken from AVL (Auto Vehicle Ltd.0 of Austria). Due to better performance of F.E.
model engines the production of standard engines is stopped now.
The engine shop of INTERNATIONAL TRACTOR LTD. is well
furnished with latest fitting and checking instruments. . The worker’s in this shop are of
high skill level and have lot of experience. The production of shop is about 50 engines
per day and can be increased if required. All the component of engines except crankcase
is brought from outsides. The shop is having latest engine testing shop and having latest
equipment. In testing shop engine is checked for efficiency, specific fuel consumption,
power, torque, leakage, rpm and other faults.

3.2 CONNECTING ROD &PISTON ASSEMBLY

In this assembly we have to take four identical connecting rods are taken
whose weight isn’t differing by 10 grams. For that every connecting rod is weight and
group of same weight connecting rod are kept separately. If there is difference in weights
(more than 10gms) then it may cause vibration and stress over gudgeon pin. The four
connecting rods are marked with identical marks. The piston is assembled to connecting
rod with piston pin and locked with the cir-clip. The problem that may occur is that piston
pin may not go easily. This problem can be removed by rubbing the pin by sand paper.
Three rings are used in piston. Two top rings are used to maintain the compression and
third is required for lubrication. The lubrication rings is having a groove in its center and
spring is inserted into it. The spring acts as reservoir of lubrication and continuously
applies oil to sleeves.

3.3 HEAD ASSEMBLY

13
 Wash the cylinder head block with diesel and dry it with air. Put the
cylinder head on fixture and press injector holder bush into it with the help of hydraulic
press. Check the leaking of water jacket around injector bush with the help of pressurized
air. Valve lapping is done with the help of valve lapping compound called as silicon
carbide .The machine automatically prepare the seats. Pouring diesel into the seats checks
the valve seats. If there is leakage then again valve lapping is done with inlet and outlet
valve is position locate the valve inner spring and lock it. Similarly the outer spring is
loaded and locked it, after this cylinder pins are pressed and rocker arm support stud are
reserved. Oil seal is put in the counter proved in water hole. This prevents the water
leakage into head assembly.

3.4 MAIN ASSEMBLY

The crankcase from H.M.S. is first of all cleared with water .The washing
machine is rotary type which revolve the crankcase along with it and water nozzles from
all direction clear any rust and chips. The washed cylinder is then dried in the same
procedure in which instead of water nozzles, hot air is blown. The washed and dried
crankcase is than loaded on to the trolley. The trolley is special made on bearing which
can rotate the engine at any angle and engine can be fixed at any place.

The assembly of engine is done in stage that is described as below: -

3.4.1 STAGE: -1
1.LOADING OF CRANKCASE AND AIR BLOWING
2.CYLINDER LINER FITTING: The liner’s available in I.T.L.. are of three grades i.e.
A, B & C grades. The “A” grade liner has dimension of +12 microns, “B” grade has
dimension of +24 microns and “C” grade has dimension of +36 microns. The cylinder
lining has 2 seats one is for oil and other is for water. The grade sign of liner should be
kept toward camshaft.
3.CRANK SHAFT FITTING: -First of all bush type liner are inserted into the bearing
holes. The linear is provided with recess to store a minimum amount of oil, which wets
the crankshaft during starting of engine. The bearing cup is opened and crankshaft
assembly is placed into it. The bearing cup is tightened again with 10-12-kgm torques and
crankshaft is checked, that it is revolving easily.

14
3.4.2 STAGE: -2
1.TIMING GEAR FITTING: -The idler gear shaft is pushed into the crankcase and roller
type bearing with lock is inserted into the shaft. The idler timing gear is then pressed into
the bearing. The timing gear is punched at two places and punched sign has to be
matched with the punched mark on crankshaft.
2.PISTON ASSEMBLY FITTING: -The piston assembly is fitted into the linear and big
end is tightened to the crankshaft with 8-10 kgm torques. The pistons are also grade as A,
B, C has same that A-grade line is fitted with A-grade piston assembly. the grade mark
should be towards camshaft. The piston ring cuts should be so adjusted that there should
not be in same line.

3.4.3 STAGE: -3
1.LUBRICATING OIL PUMP MOUNTING: -The lubrication oil pumps connected to
crank shaft gear by an idler gear of 2-3 degree. The crankshaft gear and pump gear are of
22 teeth’s each. The pump is provided with a relief valve that opens at 4 kgf forces. In
case there is over loading or some thing injected in main oil gallery then pressure is
released from this valve.
2.REAR COVER AND FRONT CAVER MOUNTING: -The rear cover and front cover
are cleaned properly with air and then fitted to engine with seals in between.

3.4.4 STAGE: -4
1.CAM SHAFT FITTING: -The camshaft is inserted into the camshaft hole with be-
baring and bolt ends are locked by circlip. The crankshaft is forged from alloy steel or
cast from hardened cast iron and is case hardened. The one end of camshaft is provided
with gear, which is linked with idler gear Z-50. for exact-ct timing the camshaft gear
mark is matched with mark on ideal gear.
2.PUMP AND FLYWHEEL MOUNTING: -The flywheel is mounted the crankshaft and
bolts are tightened with 11-12 kgm force. The F.I. pump is connected to the F.I.P. gear
through the F.I.P. drive shaft. The F.I.P. drive shaft is special designed to advance the
timing of injection. The both ends of F.I.P. drive shaft is provided with spline on one side
a key is provide which is locked to timing gear and recess on other side is pushed into the
15
the F.I.pump slots. The angle between the key and recess is of 18 degree. Thus the fuel
injection is advanced by 18 degree

3.4.5 STAGE: -5
1.CYLINDER HEAD MOUNTING: -The cylinder head assembly is placed on the piston
and studs are passed through it. If the height of piston at T.D.C. from the surface is more
than 0.1mm than the gaskets of given thickness are used. If it is 0.1mm to 0.5mm than
1.2mm thick gasket is used. If it is 0.5mm to 0.8mm than 1.5mm thick gasket is used.
Cylinder head nuts are tightened by 17-18 kg forces.

3.4.6 STAGE: -6
1.WATER BODY AND PULLEY MOUNTING: -The water body is mounted with
thermostat control valve. The valves open at 70º Celsius. Thus engine is kept at correct
temperature. The pulley is mounted on crankshaft.
2.WATER RETURN LINE EXHAUST FLANGE AND INLET MANIFOLD
MOUNTING.

3.4.7 STAGE: -7
1.To complete the engine removes it from the trolley. Before removing the engine from
trolley the base plate, filters and other accessories are properly tightened. Then the engine
is removed to roller stand.

3.4.8 STAGE: -8
1.KEEP THE ENGINE ON STATIONARY FRAME.
2.ROCKER ARM FITTING: -The rocker arms with spherical followers are inserted into
galleries and connected to the rocker’s arm. To compensate for thermal expansion the gap
between inlet rocker arm and valve is adjusted to 0.2mm. The gap between exhaust valve
and exhaust rocker arm is 0.25mm.
3.SELF-STARTED AND DYNAMO MOUNTING.
4.FUEL INJECTION PUMP MOUNTING AND SET FUEL INJECTION PUMP. The
gear of F.I.P. is first of all meshed with the F.I.P. drive shaft (with recess) and is loosely
tightened. To set the timing of gear first of all pointer is tighten on the crankcase and
flywheel is rotated which is mashed for (6º, 18º, 20º & 24º) angles. The pointer is set at
18 degree of flywheel and then the pump is rotated clockwise till the oil from first nozzles
16
stop out flowing. At this position a cut mark is made on both the pump and crankcase for
future settings. The pump is tightened properly and pipes are tightened over nozzles and
injectors. The head of engine is covered with the covers and the complete engine is send
to the engine testing shop.

3.5 ENGINE SPECIFICATION

TYPE
4 CYLINDERS, 4 STROKES
COMBUSTION
DIRECT INJECTION
BORE
100 mm
STROKE
110 mm
CYLINDER DISPLACEMENT 3456 cc
COMPRESSION RATIO 17:1
FIRING ORDER 1-3-4-2
ATOMISING SETTING PRESSURE 205 ± 5 kgf/cm²
INJECTING TIMING 25 + 1º
B.T.D.C
FUEL INJECTION PUMP Inline Type With Mechanical
Governor
INLET VALVE OPENS 26º B.T.D.C
EXHAUST VALVE OPEN 10º A.T.D.C
TOTAL INLET OPEN PERIOD 236º
TOTAL OUTLET PERIOD 236º
LUB OIL PRESSURE 2-5 kgf/cm²
(2200 RPM AT 80º CELSIUS)
AIR CLEANER Two
Stage With Oil Filling
COOLING
Water Cooled With Thermostat Control
CAPACITY OF FUEL 73 LIT
FILLING OF OIL SUMP 12 LIT

17
FILLING OF F.I.P. 0.6
LIT (MICO SYSTEM)
CLUTCH
Dry, Double Clutch Plate, Actuation,
Through Heavy Duty Spring
Ensuring. Longer Clutch Life At
Constant Operating Pressure.
ALTERNATOR 12
V/44 amp
STARTER
12 V/4 H.P.

3.6 ENGINE TESTING

Engine testing is done for checking the performance of newly assembled
engine to found out any assemble fault, their H.P., leakage and other faults. Engine
testing shop of the I.T.L. is equipped with latest digital control equipments. The engine
testing is done with help of turbine (water) or hydro dynamometer. The hydro
dynamometer are four in number so that four engine is tested at a time. The shop is
equipped with heavy-duty oil filter, which is used to clean the oil from dust or other large
particle. The shop has bush pump tester, which is used to test the pump if there are any
fault. The engine power is measured on the bases of S.A.E. ratings. The society of
automobile engineer’s U.S.A has specified the method of measuring the power output of
the engine for standardized purpose. The engine is run without generator, air cleaner,
cooling fan etc. However standard circulating pump, fuel pump is fitted to the engine.
The horsepower of the engine is measured with dynamometer and measured values are
then corrected for the standard pressure, ampere and humidity condition prescribed.

3.6.1 TESTING: -
Before starting the engine the, lubricating oil is filled into the engine and then engine is
mounted on the fixture. The flywheel is directly attached to turbine through connecting
shaft and engine is started. The engine is made to run for three hour’s to check the
engines leakage and if there is any leakage then that fault is found out and again put into
the testing and if again there is any fault then that engine is rejected. After minute running

18
the tappet clearance is checked. Tappet clearance is to be kept .25±.005. The clearance is
necessary otherwise the thermal expansion of valve will alter the opening or closing of
valve angles. After that engine is run at 2400 r p.m. m. for 2.30 hours and then the engine
is run at various r.p.m. and loads to calculate the power, b.h.p. and s.f.c. . If the engine is
seen to emitting too much smoke than smoke level is also checked.

3.6.2 POWER OUTPUT: -

The engine shop is having latest technology and all the information is available digitally.
The load can be increased or decreased r.p.m. or s.f.c. can be changed from within the
electronic cabin. Power test is done on 2200 r.p.m. (Maximum r.p.m. of engine is 2400)
where torque is rated and is indicated on digital meter. The alteration in r.p.m. is made by
varying the load and fuel supply is kept constant.
The power is calculated as follows
POWER =
(R.P.M×TORQUE)/(7023.746)
H.P.
If the power calculated from above formula comes lower than prescribed
limit than usually fuel timing is altered. The fuel timing is altered with the help of F.I.
pump. Usually the engine is tested on 18 º Celsius advancement .By revolving the pump
away from engine the timing is reduced and by revolving F.I.P. toward the engine the
time is advanced. The advancement usually lower down the power, so timing is reduced
into possible limit to increase the power.

3.6.3 S.F.C: -
It is one of the most important parameter for engine comparing. It is defined as the ratio
of amount of kg of fuel used per hour by the engine to power produced by the engine.
S.F.C. = (297000) /
(POWER×TIME) Gm/B.H.P/Hr.
Constant = fuel gravity × volume
of oil (100 cc) × time
= 0.825 × 100 × 3600
= 297000

3.6.4 TORQUE BACKUP TEST: -

19
It is capacity of engine for maximum load that after the engine r.p.m will decrease to
zero.
TORQUE (backup) = {T (max) – T (rated)} / {T
(rated)}× 100
T (rated) is displayed by meter on 2200 ± 50 r.p.m. and T (max) is
displayed by meter at 1500 + 100 r.p.m. T (max) is found by loss of r.p.m and increased
of torque. The engine is loaded till torque is max and after which the loaded cause drop in
torque.

Research & Development Department

Research & Development department is playing most important
role in growing of the company. Research & development centre is further divided into
following three main parts:

⮚ R&D (Design)
⮚ R & D (Protoshop)
⮚ R & D (Testing)

R&D (Design): This department deals with designing and modification of the
components, which will be subjected to testing. The designed components are developed
and forwarded to Protoshop for fitment of components on tractor.

R&D (Protoshop): This department deals with the fitment of the components, which
are designed by R&D (Design). Tractors with new fitted components are given to testing
department for testing purpose.

R&D (Testing): This department deals with the testing of the newly developed
components, simulation of field failures in the test labs and in the field.
20
 This department has huge circle of different activities, which lead to
customer satisfaction by providing them best product quality.

Following type of testing is done in this department: -

1.) Static component testing

2.) Dynamic component testing

Both of testing fields consist of three types of testing: -

● Performance testing
● Endurance testing
● Reliability testing

The testing department is equipped with latest instruments & test set-ups.
Brief introduction to these set-ups is given below: -

⮚ Lab Test Set ups:

Transmission Test Bench –1
Transmission Test Bench –2
Marry Go Round setup
P.T.O. Test setup
Shock Test setup
Hydraulic break valve test setup
Hydraulic Lift Performance test setup
Fender & operator seat test setup

21
⮚ Field Testing:
Field performance for Bench marking
Comparative field trials
Fuel consumption trials
Haulage trials

Puddling test

22
23
Rotavation test

24
Endurance test

25