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    CSE341 Capstone Paper - Final

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    dsrijon
    The document proposes an automatic street lamp switching system that uses various sensors to detect vehicle movement, weather conditions, and light intensity in order to efficiently control street lamp power usage. Sensors like PIR, ultrasonic, LDR, and rain sensors would detect these environmental factors and send data to a microcontroller which would then automatically switch the street lamps on or off as needed. This system aims to save up to 5% of global energy consumption by only powering street lamps when detection sensors indicate they are necessary. Block diagrams and circuit schematics depicting the system design and components are provided.

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    CSE341 Capstone Paper - Final

    Uploaded by

    dsrijon
    37 views7 pages
    The document proposes an automatic street lamp switching system that uses various sensors to detect vehicle movement, weather conditions, and light intensity in order to efficiently control street lamp power usage. Sensors like PIR, ultrasonic, LDR, and rain sensors would detect these environmental factors and send data to a microcontroller which would then automatically switch the street lamps on or off as needed. This system aims to save up to 5% of global energy consumption by only powering street lamps when detection sensors indicate they are necessary. Block diagrams and circuit schematics depicting the system design and components are provided.

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    The document proposes an automatic street lamp switching system that uses various sensors to detect vehicle movement, weather conditions, and light intensity in order to efficiently control street lamp power usage. Sensors like PIR, ultrasonic, LDR, and rain sensors would detect these environmental factors and send data to a microcontroller which would then automatically switch the street lamps on or off as needed. This system aims to save up to 5% of global energy consumption by only powering street lamps when detection sensors indicate they are necessary. Block diagrams and circuit schematics depicting the system design and components are provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    37 views7 pages

    CSE341 Capstone Paper - Final

    Uploaded by

    dsrijon
    The document proposes an automatic street lamp switching system that uses various sensors to detect vehicle movement, weather conditions, and light intensity in order to efficiently control street lamp power usage. Sensors like PIR, ultrasonic, LDR, and rain sensors would detect these environmental factors and send data to a microcontroller which would then automatically switch the street lamps on or off as needed. This system aims to save up to 5% of global energy consumption by only powering street lamps when detection sensors indicate they are necessary. Block diagrams and circuit schematics depicting the system design and components are provided.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 7

    Automatic Energy Saver Street Lamps Switching

    Detecting Vehicle Movement

    Asif Fahad Kingshuk1, Tahmina Akter1, Nishat Sultana1, Rubaya Neshat1


    Srijon Biswas1
    1
    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BRAC University,
    66, Mohakhali, Dhaka
    {asif.fahad.kingshuk, tahmina.akter1, nishat.sultana.ritu,
    rubaya.neshat.tanna, srijon.biswas}@g.bracu.ac.bd

    Abstract. This paper talks about the concept of automated street lights
    controlling according to vehicle movement, weather conditions, day and night
    shifting, light intensity. It will save energy by at least 5% which can be huge in
    total considering the global context. And this can be implemented globally. We
    will capture the vehicle movement using Passive InfraRed, Ultrasonic Sound
    and IR. We will capture weather conditions, day and night shifting, light
    intensity using Rain Sensor, Photoresistor accordingly and implement it for the
    cause. In addition to that, we will be able to measure the speed of the vehicle
    for further statistics that will help to determine whether there might be an
    accident or not, act upon it and also get prediction for congestion possibilities
    for traffic solution.

    Keywords. Automation, Passive Infrared, Ultrasonic Sound, Light intensity,


    Rain sensor, LDR, Energy Saving.

    1 Introduction

    Technological advancement has evidently interwoven the whole world together. On


    account of this substantial evolution of technology, we are devouring electric energy
    in an alarming manner [1]. For preventing the world from facing a power scarcity
    owing to technology, in this paper, a solution is discussed through which power will
    be saved by using advanced technology itself. Street lights are a salient component of
    a smart city, that makes vehicle and pedestrian passage convenient when there is less
    or no natural light. In point of fact, the extant street lighting system is not up to the
    required standard. The existing street light system yet needs to be controlled manually
    which is highly inefficient and causes wastage of electrical energy [2]. When there is
    no vehicle or pedestrian movement on a road, the lights are not required to remain
    turned on. Apart from that, on cloudy days when there is an insufficiency of natural
    luminescence, street lights need to be lit before dusk. For handling these sorts of
    situations, an automated street light controlling system could be used as a way of
    energy conservation. Statistics show that in 2017 the world’s total electricity
    expenditure was a whopping 21372 TWh, 2.6% more than the preceding year [3].
    Through implementing this inventive solution that is propounded, electricity
    consumption is assumed and informally calculated to be mitigated by up to 5%
    worldwide. In this paper, using several sensors, a connected network is used in such a
    manner that it can detect vehicle movement, weather conditions, and light intensity to
    switch street lights automatically according to demand.

    2 Literature Review

    As per requirement, it was researched several sensors and smart systems to reach a
    highly accurate and automated switching system to turn the street lights’ state.
    According to a paper [4], PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors can detect heat signatures
    that can be used to detect movement. The author of the paper proposed a system
    where he wanted to give a solution for power saving using PIR to detect human
    presence for switching lights and other office accessories that consume power
    according to demand. In this paper, this characteristic of the aforementioned sensor is
    used to detect vehicle movement to register data of the presence of transportation on
    the street.
    Ultrasonic sonar sensors can detect any movement and measure distance as any
    radar that uses millimeter-wave, says M. HIKITA in his paper [5]. In his paper, he
    proposed a noble ultrasonic measurement method that will provide information about
    any locomotion of objects if it is installed in a sensor network. in this paper, this
    technique is used to measure the distance of the vehicles and the behavior for
    processing a signal to switch the street lamps as essentiality.
    Another paper is/was reviewed regarding street light automation [6]. Where the
    author mentioned inefficiency of sodium lights, ineffectiveness of manual switching
    of lights and misinformation about light failures. However, the author proposed
    solutions to all these problems accordingly using LED Lights for efficient luminance,
    LDR to check environmental lighting and sunlight situation to switch when it is dusk
    and GSM (Global Positioning System) to send the data if there is any system failure.
    In this paper, LDR will be used to detect environmental luminance to provide
    information about the current lighting situation of the street.

    2 Paper Preparation

    To design the proposed system, we made block diagrams and circuit simulations so
    that we can be certain of the expected outcome of our experimental implementation or
    prototyping. In this paper, circuit schematic, block diagram of the system is discussed.
    2.1 Block Diagram of the Proposed Model

    Every sensor such as Ultrasonic Transducer, PIR, LDR, Rain Sensor are connected to
    the microcontroller to provide it the data form the analog world and the
    microcontroller processes the data and give a switching signal to the power unit to
    switch the street lamp on or off. In Fig. 1, complete block diagram of the system is
    shown.

    Fig.1. Proposed Model of the system where relation between microcontroller and sensors
    alongside power supply and output.

    2.2 Circuit Schematic of the Proposed Model

    The sonar sensor has Vcc and GND for power and signal pin to give the output and it
    1

    is connected to a digital pin of Arduino nano labeled as D10. Other sensors also have
    2

    GND and Vcc individually and signal pins. PIR ,Rain sensor and LDR are connected
    3 4 5

    to the Arduino accordingly D9, D8 and A1, A0. Furthermore, Arduino is connected to
    a power source and for output an additional LED is used. Circuit is shown in Fig. 2.

    1 Sonar Sensor Reference


    2 Arduino nano Reference
    3 PIR Reference
    4 Rain Sensor Reference
    5 LDR Reference
    Fig. 2. Connection of all components of the system. All the sensors are connected to the
    microcontroller and to this microcontroller the street light switch is attached.

    2.2 Material Used

    PIR, Sonar, LDR, Rain Sensor are the sensors and Arduino Nano is the
    microcontroller. All these components are listed and shown visually in fig.3.

    2.4 Program Code

    The algorithm and pseudocode is developed to run and manage the whole system.

    begin(){
    boolean motion = read(PIR);
    float distance = read(Sonar);
    boolean raining = read(RainSensor);
    float light = read(LDR);
    }
    While(raining || !light){
    if(motion && distance != null){
    lights.on();
    }
    }
    (a) (b) (c)

    (e)

    (d)

    Fig. 3. (a) PIR Sensor, (b) Ultrasonic Transducer, (c) LDR, (d) Rain Sensor, (e) Arduino nano.

    3   Testing, Result, and Discussion


    Every sensor and microcontroller were switched on and enabled to check if it is
    properly working or not.
    Several tests run overtime is done. Every sensor was working properly with good
    precision. We tested the system in different locations and places to check its accuracy
    rate. Ultrasonic Transducer could find a vehicle from a longer distance compared to
    Passive Infrared. However, for close distance and movement speed was measured
    more accurately with Passive IR where the Sonar sensor fails to do so. 
    Ultrasonic Transducer, Passive IR, TCRT5000 works properly in various
    conditions. Rain sensor and LDR was able to capture weather condition and Day-
    night shifting. Overall the system is working. It is observing vehicle movement and
    switching lamps according to need. 
    After completing everything that was needed to be done, we are assured that the
    proposed system works adequately. After implementing this system in reality, the
    sensors will control the lighting of the street lights that will result in remarkable
    power saving which was our foremost motive. By running several tests, it can be
    confidently said that this system will bring revolutionary change to the street lighting
    system as it was made through considering all the details regarding this matter. It has
    been the sole intention to make this system as efficient as possible. As it is a fully
    automated system, no manual intervention is needed, thus the system ensures
    suppression of manpower and it is cost-effective as well.

    5 Conclusion

    An Automatic Energy Saver Street Lamps Switching System is designed in this paper
    which eases the maintenance and importantly energy-saving and efficient utility of
    power. The system is highly efficient in terms of installation and extension. The final
    outcome of our system is adequate. It is not complicated yet coherent also guarantees
    energy, cost, and manpower saving. This system also proves to be very much useful
    for the city infrastructure in order to reduce the utilization of conventional power. IT
    sectors has caused a significant amount of energy consumption; thus, energy saving
    must be done by using IT facilities. A cost-effective power-saving system like this
    one will work as a great amplification of technology usage in our modern world.
    Optimistically, the implementation and further additions such as datamining on
    vehicular movement, congestion predictability, immediate response to any vehicular
    accident to this idea will enhance the productivity of our automated street lighting
    technology. However, as always, there are more scope regarding scalability and
    upgradation with newer technologies.

    FUTURE SCOPE: The proposed system deals with the detection of the accidents.
    But this can be extended by providing medication to the victims at the accident spot.
    By increasing the technology we can also avoid accidents by providing alerts systems
    that can stop the vehicle to overcome the accidents.

    Acknowledgments. Proteus 8.5, www.circuit.io, tinkercad

    References

    1. Street lighting problems and solutions | Smart Energy International, https://www.smart-


    energy.com/industry-sectors/smart-meters/street-lighting-problems-and-solutions. Accessed
    at December 2, 2019.
    2. Ubiquity: The impact of information technology on energy consumption and carbon
    emissions, https://ubiquity.acm.org/article.cfm?id=2755977. Accessed at December 2, 2019.
    3. World Energy Outlook 2019 highlights deep disparities in the global energy system,
    https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2019/november/world-energy-outlook-2019-
    highlights-deep-disparities-in-the-global-energy-system.html. Accessed at December 2,
    2019.
    4. Harikrishnan, R., Sivagami, P.: Intelligent power saving system using PIR sensors. 2017
    International conference of Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology
    (ICECA). (2017).
    5. Sato, T., Kaneda, Y., Hikita, M.: Ultrasonic precise distance measurement and movement
    detection installed in sensor network. 2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium.
    (2014).
    6. Revathy, M., Ramya, S., Sathiyavathi, R., Bharathi, B., Anu, V.: Automation of street light
    for smart city. 2017 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing
    (ICCSP). (2017).

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