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THE SUEZ CANAL

Paragraph 1 Canal in order to protect their investment. The


The Suez Canal is one of the most canal became very profitable for the British, but
important waterways in the world. The 101-mile the Egyptian people were unable to share in most
canal connects the Mediterranean Sea to the of the profits. This angered many Egyptians.
Red Sea. The Suez Canal is often called the
“crossroads to Europe, Africa, and Asia” because Paragraph 5
the route is used to transport goods to and from In 1956, Egyptian president Gamal Abdel
all three continents. Nasser planned to build a great dam to control
the annual flooding of the Nile River. Nasser asked
Paragraph 2 the United States and Great Britain for financial
The idea of connecting the Mediterranean assistance, and when the two powerful nations
Sea to the Red Sea is as old as the pharaohs. The refused, Nasser seized the Suez Canal and
first canal in the region seems to have been dug declared it to be the property of the Egyptian
about 1850 BC, but that attempt, like many people. Britain, France and Israel invaded Egypt.
others, failed. Desert winds blew in and clogged World War Two had ended a decade earlier, but
the canal. About 150 years ago, Great Britain had many people feared the Suez Crisis would lead to
a thriving trade with India, but without a canal, a another World War. A third world war might be
British ships had to make a long journey around even more dangerous than the previous wars
the entire continent of Africa in order to trade with because by 1956, scientists had discovered how
India. A canal through the Isthmus of Suez would to use nuclear weapons. Several nations voted to
cut the journey from Great Britain to India by 6,000 authorize the United Nation to send
miles. An isthmus is a narrow strip of land peacekeeping forces to the Suez and to call for
connecting two larger pieces of land. Britain, France and Israel to leave the region.
Egypt gained control of the canal, but because
Paragraph 3 of damage inflicted by the war, the waterway
A French company led by Ferdinand de remained closed for many months.
Lesseps made a deal with Egypt to build the Suez
Canal. After ten years of work, the canal opened Paragraph 6
in 1869. The Egyptian ruler, Ismail, celebrated the The Suez Canal closed again during a 1967
opening of the Suez Canal by building a huge war with Israel. Fourteen ships passing through the
palace in Cairo. Ismail treated royalty from canal were forced to anchor at a lake in the
around the world to a celebration in honor of the middle of the canal. The canal did not reopen for
new canal. The heavy spending for the international trade until 1975, which meant that
celebration came at a time when the price of some of the ships were stranded in the Suez Canal
Egyptian cotton plunged. Egypt had gone into for more than eight years. Egypt continues to
debt to pay for the Suez Canal. Ismail took out control the Suez Canal, but now international
loans from European banks, but he was unable to treaties assure that the canal may be used "in
repay the loans. Consequently, Egypt was forced time of war as in time of peace, by every vessel of
to sell its share of the Suez Canal to Great Britain. commerce or of war, without distinction of flag."

Paragraph 4
The Suez Canal made it easier to trade with
faraway nations. The canal also made it possible
for European armies to colonize East Africa. In
1936, the British stationed soldiers along the Suez

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