Primitive

and
Modernized
Structures
Euriann D. Alzaga

BSCE V-GA
 Prefa
ce
As year passes by, many inventions and developments

happened in our world but some were still preserved. These

preserved structures usually have a great significance in our

country in terms in cultural, architectural, and historical.

This semi-journal manifests the different places in the

Philippines which were categorized into bridges, houses,

community, water passageway, buildings, and parks. In each

category, it is classified further into ancestral and modern

structures in order to show differences of the old composition

compared to the present one. It also indicates some pictures

and necessary information to visualize even more the said

structure.

Doing this semi-journal report helped me discover the

wonders of Philippines and enhance my knowledge about the

ancestral and modern structures.

 Ivana Tuhel
One of the historical landmarks of Batanes is said to be the
Ivana Tuhel Bridge. It is located over the Tuhel Creek in the
middle of the poblacion. This bridge was constructed during
the Spanish era during the early 1800s by the engineer-

Bridge
architect,Fr. Nicolas Castano, from October 1802 to March
1810, he was the one who ordered the construction of this
bridge and all in Batanes, such as the bridges of San Vicente,
Basco and San Felix.It was made using lime and mortar.
Cement has been used to strengthen and stabilize the bridge
and until now, it is still being used by locals.

The Malagondong Bridge in Tayabas, Quezon Province is said to

be one of the oldest bridges as well as the longest bridge made
during the Spanish colonial period. In was constructed through
forced labor by the people of Tayabas and estimated about
100, 000 adobe blocks were used to build the bridge. It is a
five-span 445 ft (136 m) long stone arch bridge. It became a
Malagonlong
Bridge
 Jonas Bridge
The William A. Jones Memorial Bridge, commonly known as the Jones Bridge, is an
arched girder bridge that spans the Pasig River in the City of Manila, Philippines. It is
named after the United States legislator William Atkinson Jones, the principal author
of the Jones Law, that gave the country legislative autonomy from the United States.
It is originally designed by Filipino architect Juan M. Arellano using Neoclassical
architecture, the first incarnation of the bridge features three arches resting on two
heavy piers, adorned by faux-stone and concrete ornaments, as well as four sculptures
on concrete plinths allegorically representing motherhood and nationhood. It is said that
this bridge was destroyed during the World War II and reconstructed in 1946 which
removed all of the ornaments, but in 2019, the City Government of Manila began a
rehabilitation project to "restore" the Jones Bridge to its near-original design. The
current incarnation of Jones Bridge is a haunched girder bridge, retaining its three
arches and two piers. The faux-stone cladding and ornamentation were removed and
were replaced by a red steel girding. The plinths on both ends of the bridge were also
never rebuilt following the removal of the three remaining guardian sculptures.

San Juanico bridge was constructed during the time of President Marcos
( started construction in 1969 and finished in 1973 ) which symbolizes
love because this is a gift to his wife, Imelda. The bridge said to be the
San Juanico
The Iconic
Quirino
St.Bridge
Augustin
of
Manila City
Hall
Santa Maria
Church
The Church of Our
Lady of the
Assumption (Nues
tra Señora de la
Asunción),
commonly known as
the Santa Maria
Church is the
parish church
of Santa
Maria in Ilocos
Sur province, Philip
pines. The church
was designated as
a UNESCO World
Heritage Site on
December 11, 1993
as part of
the Baroque
Churches of the
Philippines, a
collection of
four Baroque Spani
sh-era churches.[2]

The Santa Maria

Church is an
attraction to both
tourists and
Catholics in Ilocos
Sur. It is not only
a reminiscent of
the four centuries
of Spanish
domination of that
 Coc
Grand Mosque of
The Coconut Palace, also known as Tahanang Pilipino is a government

onu
building located in the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex in

Cotabato
Manila. Designed by Filipino Architect Francisco Mañosa, it was
commissioned in 1978 by former First Lady Imelda Marcos as a
government guest house and offered to Pope John Paul II during the

t
Papal visit to the Philippines in 1981 but the Pope refused to stay
there because it was too opulent given the level of poverty in the
Philippines.The Coconut Palace cost 37 million pesos to build and was

Pal
partly financed by the coconut levy fund, which was set up to be used
for the welfare of coconut farmers. It is made of several types of
Philippine hardwood, coconut shells, and a specially engineered coconut
lumber. Each of the suites on the second floor is named after a specific

ace
region of the Philippines and displays some of the handicrafts these
regions produce.The palace is shaped like an octagon while the roof is
shaped like a traditional Filipino salakot or hat.
 The Sultan Haji
Hassanal Bolkiah
Masjid, also known
as the Grand
Mosque of
Cotabato, is the
largest mosque in
the Philippines.
The mosque is
located in Barangay
Kalanganan II in

Zu
Cotabato City, and
was funded by
Sultan Hassanal
Bolkiah of Brunei

elli
at a reported cost
of US$48 million.
It is also the
second largest

g
mosque in
Southeast Asia The Zuellig Building is an office skyscraper
after the Istiqlal located in the Makati Central Business District
Mosque of owned by the Zuellig Group and developed by

Bui
Indonesia. its real estate arm, Bridgebury Realty Corp. It
Caliraya Dam is
The an embankment
Sultan Of dam located
wasinthe
the first
town Platinum
of Lumban province
level LEEDof Laguna, in
Core and
the Sierra Madre Mountain Range of the Philippines. The reservoir created by the dam, Lake
Brunei, funded the Shell building in the Philippines upon its
Caliraya, initially supplied one of the oldest hydroelectric plants in the Philippines, and later
construction of completion in 2013.
became a popular recreational area for numerous water sports and fishing. The dam's

ldi
this mosque
construction within 1939 under the supervision
was started The Zuellig Building was firm of Pedro
of the architecture designed by Siochi
his own andpersonal internationalwas
Company and a small hydroelectric plant architectural
operated in firm
1942.Skidmore,
money to features
The constructive help theof the initial study
Owings andfollows:
were as Merrill, in cooperation
By the with
construction of local
a dam on
emerging
the river, Muslim
the water would be diverted into aarchitectural firm W.V.
canal 3.75 kilometres Coscolluela
(2.33 mi) & the
long to

ng
population
brow in the
of the bluff, where it would fall through penstocks 240
Associates. Facademetres
design(800 ft) to by
was done the
powerhouse near the Lumbang River. The power
Southern would then
Meinhardt HongbeKong
transmitted to Manila,
Pte. Ltd., whilea
distance of 98 kilometres (61 mi). To meet the dry-season flow and conserve the flood waters,
Philippines. The Structural, Mechanical & Electrical, and Fire
storage reservoirs would be established on the river at suitable points. This development could be
mosque was Protection engineering & design was provided
 San Roque
Dam
The San Roque Dam, operated under San Roque Multipurpose Project
(SRMP) is a 200-meter-tall, 1.2 kilometer long embankment dam on
the Agno River. It is the largest dam in the Philippines and sixteenth
largest in the world (see List of largest dams in the world). It spans the
municipalities of San Manuel and San Nicolas, Pangasinan, nearly 200 km
north of Metro Manila.

Ownership of the dam and spillway was transferred to NPC upon

construction completion, as it contributed funds for the non-power
components on behalf of several agencies. SRPC will own and operate the
power generating facilities for 25 years, after which their ownership
 Angat Dam
Angat Dam (Tagalog: [aŋˈɡat]) is a concrete water reservoir embankment
hydroelectric dam that supplies Metro Manila and nearby provinces with water. It
was a part of the Angat-Ipo-La Mesa water system. The reservoir supplies about
90 percent of raw water requirements for Metro Manila through the facilities of
the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System and it irrigates about 28,000
hectares of farmland in the provinces of Bulacan and Pampanga.
Angat Dam is located within the Angat Watershed Forest Reserve in Barangay San
Lorenzo (Hilltop), Norzagaray, Bulacan. It supplies potable water to Metro Manila
and powers a hydro-electric power plant. The dam is 131 meters high and
impounds water from the Angat River that subsequently created the Angat Lake.
Angat dam has a normal high water level of 210 meters, according to the
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
(Pagasa).
 Bahay na
Tisa

Standing obiquitous along McArthur highway is a historic house known to locals as the
“Bahay Na Tisa”. Built in 1800 the house was initially owned by Capt. Valentin and
was eventually transferred to Don Nazario then to Don Antonio Constatino.

During Dr. Jose Rizal’s visit to Malolos this Andalucian house served as his temporary
home away from his home town.
.

Mabini
Shrine

Famous Historical Houses in the Philippines Worth Visiting This

Heritage Month Apolinario Mabini Shrine. Photo by Claire
Bernadette S. Gonzales via Wikimedia Commons Known as the
Brains of The Revolution, Apolinario Mabini lived in this house
owned by Cecilio Del Rosario and Maxima Castaneda from 1888
Villavicencio
Wedding Gift
 The Villavicencio Gift House also has priceless antiques
and paintings, including a portrait of the couple painted
by Juan Luna It’s the walled city built by the Spanish-
around which the city of Manila expanded. Within it are
streets that served as settings for the milestones in
the country history.

Intramuros
This area, also called Intramuros, is basically the old fort the
Spanish conquistadors built when they first landed on the
island. Intramuros is home to many museums and ancient
Claro M. Recto
Say what you will about how it looks now, but this is one kick-ass
avenue. It’s where you go if you want to make a political statement

Jose P. Laurel Sr.

or if you’re a big fan of Andres Bonifacio. The Katipunan founder
was born in the Tutuban area of Tondo at the northern end of this
street, formerly called Calle Azcarraga. At the opposite end, at the
The street is named after one of the country’s past presidents. This is the
so-called
street University
you should be on Belt,
if youlies the
want to famed Mendiola
get close Bridge
to the seat that crosses
of power.
to thing
(Sitting on it is another the main gateOriginally
entirely.) of Malacañang.
called Calzada de Malacañang
(later Aviles), this is the main street of the San Miguel district. It’s been
"power central" ever since Governor General Rafael de Echague moved into the
Malacañang Palace in 1863. Prior to that, the Palace was just the governor-
general’s summer home. Echague had only been forced to move in because an
earthquake had damaged the Palacio del Gobernador. However, when the Palacio

Tarlac-
was fixed Echague moved out of the Palace. He shouldn’t have bothered.
Another earthquake in 1869 had him moving back in. In the other words, it
took a really earthshaking event to make the Palace become the official seat of

Pangasinan-La
power. At the end of the street, is where another structure close to the
hearts of most Filipinos, especially the men, was built in 1890: La Fabrica de
Cerveza de San Miguel. Yes, that factory that was the first to turn out what
has become the favorite beverage of many Pinoys.
 The Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway (TPLEx) is an 88.85-kilometre (55.21 mi)
four-lane expressway currently under construction north of Manila, in the Philippines. It
connects central to northern Luzon with its southernmost terminal located in Tarlac City
and its planned northernmost terminus currently slated to be at Rosario, La Union.
TPLEX is an extension of North Luzon Expressway and Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway from
Tarlac to Rosario, La Union.The expressway crosses the three rivers within the province of
Pangasinan. The rivers along the TPLEx area are Agno River, Binalonan River, and Bued
River.In 2005, construction began on the Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway (SCTEx), creating
a linked expressway system which reached all the way to Tarlac City, Tarlac - an
improvement over the North Luzon Expressway's terminus which reached only up to
Mabalacat, Pampanga.In 2006, The initial plan for the construction of the TPLEx was
that it would be carried out in two phases: The first phase would involve the construction
of two lanes while the second phase entailed its expansion into four lanes to accommodate
25,000 vehicles.

Metro Manila
Skyway
The Skyway,officially the Metro Manila Skyway System or Metro Manila
Skyway, is an elevated highway serving as the main expressway in southern
Metro Manila, Philippines, following much of the existing South Luzon
Expressway's alignment by going above it. It stretches from Gil Puyat
Avenue in the north to Alabang–Zapote Road in the south and crosses
 Rizal
Park
Rizal Park (Filipino: Liwasang Rizal, Spanish: Parque Rizal), also known as Luneta Park
or simply Luneta, is a historic urban park located in Ermita, Manila, Philippines which is
considered as one of the largest urban parks in Asia, covering an area of 58 hectares
(140 acres). The site on where the park is situated was originally known as Bagumbayan
during the Spanish Colonial Period. It is adjacent to the historic Walled City of
Intramuros and is a major tourist destination in the Philippines.

Situated on the eastern shores of Manila Bay, the park plays a significant role in shaping
the history of the Philippines. The execution of Filipino patriot José Rizal on December
30, 1896 fanned the flames of the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the Kingdom of
Spain. The park was officially named in his honor, and the monument enshrining his
remains serves as the park's symbolic focal point. The Declaration of Philippine
Independence from the United States was held here on July 4, 1946 as were later
political rallies including those of Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino in 1986 that
Bonifacio
Shrine
 The Bonifacio Shrine, also known as the Kartilya ng Katipunan Park or Heroes Park, is a
public park and plaza in Ermita, Manila, Philippines located just north of the Manila City
Hall and south of Mehan Garden and Liwasang Bonifacio. Its centerpiece is the monument
to Filipino revolutionary Andrés Bonifacio and the Philippine Revolution fronting Padre
Burgos Avenue.

The Bonifacio and the Katipunan Revolution Monument, situated within the grounds of the
Bonifacio Shrine, and designed by Filipino sculptor Eduardo Castrillo, was unveiled in 1998.
On September 21, 2006, the Victims of Martial law Memorial Wall was inaugurated at the
park under the leadership of Mayor Lito Atienza. In 2019, the plaza was rehabilitated upon
the orders of Mayor Isko Moreno who ordered the removal of occupying vendors, additional
flora, planting of Bermuda grass and a central fountain in front of the Bonifacio monument.
The city's continuous cleanup and removal of illegal vendors made visible the bronze
monument commemorating Emilio Jacinto, which had been obscured for several years.

Biak-na-
Bato
Biak-na-Bato National Park is a protected area of the Philippines
located almost entirely within Barangay Biak-na-Bato in San Miguel,
Bulacan from where it derives its name. The park also extends to the
nearby municipalities of San Ildefonso and Doña Remedios Trinidad
The Manila Ocean Park is an oceanarium in Manila, Philippines. It is owned by China Oceanis
Philippines Inc., a subsidiary of China Oceanis Inc., a Singaporean-registered firm. It is located
behind the Quirino Grandstand at Rizal Park.The construction involved erecting structural
pillars at the beachfront and constructing the platform that would serve as the foundation of
the entire building. The base structure and platform was completed and for a while served a
secondary purpose as a promenade walkway until construction of the actual park continued.In
April 2007, the Manila Ocean Park started construction. It was initially set to open in
December 15, 2007 butthe opening date was then moved to February 24, 2008.The facility
opened in March 2008.The main attraction of Manila Ocean Park is the Oceanarium which
houses 14,000 sea creatures from about 277 species all of which is indigenous in Southeast
Asia. The Oceanarium has seven sections and contains 3,000 cubic meters of sea water.Its
main feature is the 25 meters (82 ft) 220° curved walkway tunnel after a 55-meter
walkthrough inside the Oceanarium. The water used in the Oceanarium is derived from the
Manila Bay which is filtered to be suitable to marine life. It also has an educational activity
area, function rooms for events, and shark and stingray viewing area situated in two levels.
The Jellies Exhibit, a separate attraction hosts jellyfishes. The Back of the House features
information on the operation of the facility itself.

Manila Ocean
Enchanted
Enchanted Kingdom, often abbreviated EK, is a theme park in the Philippines. It is located in
Santa Rosa, Laguna. It has a land area of 25 hectares (62 acres). The park is managed and
operated by Enchanted Kingdom Inc.The theme park was founded by Mario and Cynthia Mamon.

Kingdom
Their family frequently visited local theme parks such as Boom na Boom, Big Bang sa Alabang,
and Fiesta Carnival, all of which inspired the couple to open a theme park of their own.While
they were visiting Ocean Park in Hong Kong in the early 1990s, they attended an amusement
conference being held in the country where they were then introduced to the International
Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (IAAPA). Realizing the group can help them
enter the amusement park industry, they joined the association in 1992 following their first
trade show attendance in Dallas, Texas.Aside from being the founder and President of
Enchanted Kingdom, Mario Mamon is the first Asian and first Filipino to head the International

Viga
Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions or IAAPA.
 Vigan (Spanish: Ciudad Fernandina de Vigan; Ilocano: Siudad ti Vigan; Tagalog: Lungsod ng Vigan;
Local pronunciation: [ˈbigän]), officially the City of Vigan, is a 4th class component city and
capital of the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a
population of 53,879 people.

Located on the western coast of the large island of Luzon, facing the South China Sea, it is a
UNESCO World Heritage Site and it is one of the few Spanish colonial towns left in the
Philippines whose old structures have mostly remained intact, and it is well known for its sett
pavements and a unique architecture of the Spanish Philippines colonial era which fuses Native
Philippine and Oriental building designs and construction, with colonial Spanish architecture that is
still abundant in the area, mainly the Bahay na Bato houses and an Earthquake Baroque church.
Former Philippine president Elpidio Quirino, the sixth President of the Philippines, was born in
Vigan, at the former location of the Provincial Jail (his father was a warden); he resided in the
Syquia Mansion. The entire city of Vigan was later inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage City
after being declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is a member of the Organization of
World Heritage Cities (OWHC).

Binondo is a district in Manila and is referred to as the city's Chinatown. Its influence
extends beyond to the places of Quiapo, Santa Cruz, San Nicolas and Tondo. It is the oldest
Chinatown in the world, established in 1594 by the Spaniards as a settlement near
Intramuros but across the Pasig River for Catholic Chinese, it was positioned so that colonial
rulers could keep a close eye on their migrant subjects.It was already a hub of Chinese
commerce even before the Spanish colonial period. Binondo is the center of commerce and
trade of Manila, where all types of business run by Filipino-Chinese thrive.

Noted residents include St. Lorenzo Ruiz, the Filipino protomartyr, and Venerable Mother
Ignacia del Espiritu Santo, founder of the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary.

Founded in 1594, Binondo was created by Spanish Governor Luis Pérez Dasmariñas as a
Venice Grand Canal is a lifestyle mall development under Megaworld Lifestyle Malls.
It is located inside the 50-hectare McKinley Hill township of Megaworld Corporation
in Fort Bonifacio Taguig City.

Awarded the Best Retail Architectural Design at the Philippine Property Awards in
2017, Venice Grand Canal is known for its design and architecture and is popularly
considered as the “most romantic mall” in the country.
This Philippine real estate gained notoriety considering
that Pacquiao, who is publicly known to be born and
lived poor for the majority of his young life, has gained
access to one of the most exclusive communities in
Metro Manila where residents are said to belong to the
The Laguna Mansion of Vic Sotto and Pauleen Luna started
its construction in 2016. I took almost one and a half year
to finally furnished their mansion. The home doesn’t have a
specific style and highlights a mix of modern, Asian, and
tropical elements. From the moment you step in, you’ll be
greeted by natural light and an impressive art collection

Laguna
 Milano
The Milano Residences, an upmarket residential project in Manila being

Residence
developed by one of the largest real estate firms in Asia, Century
properties, has commenced on site. Designed by international architecture,
urbanism and design practice Broadway Malyan. The 53-storey tower will
boast 340 flexible one to three bedrooms apartments, with prime units
including penthouses, town houses and Italian-inspired ‘loggia’ lofts that
feature private plunge pools and skygardens. Milano Residences has been
designed to embody the character of traditional Italian spaces by fostering
‘indoor-outdoor’ living through the use of sky loggias, sky piazzas and sky
terraces that are reinterpreted through a series of vertical skycourts and
gardens that punctuate the tower. The Italianate references compliment
the Versace-branded interiors, while ensuring the building retains a
Rizal Avenue is the longest street
grounded in the capital,
and timeless extending from Carriedo
quality.
Street in Sta. Cruz to as far as the Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan (as Rizal
Avenue Extesion). During the Spanish colonial era, it was called Calle
Dulumbayan, "the edge of town," which it was in those times. In the early
1900s, it was renamed as Avenida Rizal, in honor of national hero Jose Rizal, a
name it has retained in Anglicized form as Rizal Avenue.

Before and shortly after World War II, the avenue served as center of the social
life of the city and its suburbs, with its variety of shops, restaurants, and
theaters. Many of the theaters were designed by prominent architects, among
them Pablo Antonio and Juan Nakpil, who were later named National Artists.