Urban transportation in China currently depends mainly on buses and the subway. Beijing has a very advanced public transit system. The bus routes are so numerous that it is possible to take the wrong bus. ur friend, Ma Dawei, took the wrong bus this time because he didn’t remember the place name of his destina- tion correctly. S$8+/\i® Lesson 18 2 WL, RR : GRAF : T° Hee, = FUE TY ice D: Bve aN vv ovAN \ o-yv BPE, vovass Nee ee NN Nvvervee Az REERR AHO RIAHAP LH, MHAPREL NS vvsvey Ho KAKI P RIA AQ At the post office vev NO vVONN vee Ne VN Ne A: RE ARAS, TERA MY FARK , RABAT HD -71-2 HT, EK AMBILI oN Ve ven oNovV SN ERB TAPRAL, BR MULE ve A: kA. eee, BS AEE ERE? Nf evV NS VA ve ‘ A: FASC, TR MIE ST, Fave, can VAN v ‘ Rs ARIE 106 3. HABILR EM i 2 2P vv veN veo ow Ay WHHL, RELR—-HAR, Vv-ve--vy -vVeNvo«4as Ri: Tht Rh HY HR, ape, f ih OI RAIN a Ree BR EAA GERO vNveny Reminding SNe Ne VAN R: AXAN, MATRAHP RHO as BAS 8 8 oe EF ® & Gommm oo a: rea, SUE neeiieaa eat —]o THAR: RB %0 WS Mperpaseae [Shirk : 2 agee i We x git sce ae Pd | inmate EES Fe eae | ARES | 278 * « LAR LAlsistii: 20v0se a uiearswa/2su [RTE nan aes nw fenewan -72- EH, HARE TAG “AAI, KATHY, AOE,4 ial New Words 1. 7% 2. AE 3. BE 4, 3 14, 38 Fo 3B ii fo v V/N cud bdogudé xié Yingwén cididn jiu bao wang hangk6ng kong hdiyun hai youféi fei qu tongzhidan tongzhi dan to remember; to bear in mind WAT NSF A CE wrong; erroneous i24%, 974.5 48 BU AW AE parcel; package 2 41%,—/M4a, HE RPO some —HE C86 , ARE eae fy AB Were English — E5045, HERE HS HB HERES EI HY dictionary SE 3Cia) Hh, HA SCH , — ACK ia, 2a old; past; used |Hiaj#t, IAB, IALAR AR IZ to wrap 445, 4028, fat to; toward (E58 EH, FEDER, FERK DA ae, AEB JL aviation 2 /UL2s , ize A] , LAS 7) HEL sky; air sea transportation; ocean shipping; ocean freight 2F}fi2 , WHAT] sea; big lake postage Zé HB 3 , 2 “> its $e fee; expenses; charge 4 $%. 43 RAR TK to take; to get; to fetch 2) §8 47 SRCBG BUM aU 2 BE CAR HY ARB advice note;letter of notice (03238 LM TG a to notify; to inform/notification sheet, paper -B-15. BERK N haiguan customhouse; customs JH 36, WEE THAR 16. ¥ Adv bié don't HST WAT WSS 17. RNs hdzhao passport #PS AR, Ad 0 PUR PR 1. BA Akagi polite; courteous RE, KEE, NER KER 19. €H]17 PN Jidngud Mén Jianguo Men (a place in Beijing) ny N mén door; gate; entrance THR: BRA: THAR: A 1 3 = -74- KA MEBEBRA AM ELT GEILE AZ LMBKI ves Vvoveoe BRB RB, PAI, Uritemn i) Uncertainty 2 A ILA 803 BRRAF BAI, SO Q VAN fe -7¢ coe A: MRR, ART PAM ALE® vNevvy NN 4a Ne fe N vey WARBLAS F—3h,W1, FEMRER OTA - Ne vv ay k BQ MLAWGHEZ,TAR: BRA: THR: BRA: : FAALBAN, RAAWN. ws ee To VV VN vVeN NN Az HL, HER RA RAIN? VeNNN TY FN Na Ns ve SVVN FORE NNN NV Ne : RAK ETA FA, LALA SEIT, oVANSN vveaN oe A: RAR RAE? aT! FARA ATT. A 2 vevs 1 RK, ERB RS, ep RS a vevo«ey Bi KA ALM ARUBA LEAR SRR T OTE TRA? vev VAAN A: RHT , TRIO T Vive 4ovvANN RHEE MMP BERTI 4? ia New Words 1% - 78 vv- SRBRT Aakesre! | Grermeanan = [an mit: 2m 0 + oh 1 a Be ae S22 z+ @ Ri so 2? pace a Pe -- VVev eee RAE, BCG Ri OHS T , Nl route 803 3,323 8,331 BH 2. BHAA N — gOnggdng gichd bus 810 BRAIEMCA ,726 Bead MO DS A gonggong public; common; communal 2S3£/q 5 -75-IKE 8. #(i2) 9. 3b 10. RE RK Be 11. WeR 12. AS 13. #BAR 14. HTT -16- Z 227 <4 2 vo PN qiche ché jinggud hdoxiang xiang zanmen shdupidoyuan pido dajia Ni(bian) zhan chéngké chéng ke ditié fangxin ZGogao Qianmén automobile; motor vehicle; car vehicle to pass; to go through; to go by & TENH AURA AURA BAW BRA to seem; to be like (GJE R/T, BRU EIE B ORE AE >) to seem; to look as if; to appear we, us HAATUGR—F , mei] — ide ticket seller; conductor ticket 425%, ESE, ASEMAERE, HL we all; everybody AACE ,HARRUERK , KR AD in; inside; within 543 station; stop Bax, F—Hi, ESA, BSE passenger “P4899 , Ml LHF % DERHORE to ride RF, RM RATE visitor; guest underground railway; subway FS MR , MB HB to set one’s mind at rest; to be at ease; to feel relieved BLL HEL AE ABO in a wretched state; in a mess; too bad ACHPRE, SUPE Qianmen (a place in Beijing)FDFEAE TA] Supplementary Words La M gongjin kilogram (kg.) 2. pee N youpiao stamp 3. BE N jinian commemorate 4. Adv ranhou then 5.7 N/V zhtinbéi preparation/to prepare; to get ready 6. HRAA A congming clever; bright 7. LF N érzi son 8. 4 M féng (measure word for letter) 9. 454 N xinféng envelope 10. Wb Vv tie to stick; to paste LL. Hh-F N sinzi grandson D HEBBEN. “These books are all new.” “se” represents uncertain quantities, commonly used with “3¢”,“HS” and “Bik”, to modify nouns, For example: pe43" (these books), “HBAZIif" (those teachers), “HH HZ" (which movies). It is also commonly used with “—”. For example: “— e435" (some books), “—# "(some people). 2 HT. “AIL right.” “7” here is used to express the wish to discontinue an action. For example: HT REBUT. 3D SEEMILEE? “Where do you want to mail it to?” -77-The preposition “f:” and nouns that indicate place or direction together make u the preposition-object phrase. “Prep 7+ PW” represents the direction of the actior For example: BERS, BRA, MMF. Compare: “Prep 7£ + PW” represents the place of the action. For example; ARLE, ARE. @ EAR Sy EAN AE RATT FD , OF SE, “Sorry, your package is to be picked up at customs, not at our post office.” Foreign packages sent to China are usually picked up at the local post office Sometimes it is necessary to go to the customs office for pick-up. © BAST LAU AE Zs, “Don’t forget to take your passport with you.” “Silas I” here indicates reminding. © BRT WEE. “The bus is here; let’s get on first.” The meaning of “sfj{f]” is almost the same as “#8{f]”, and is commonly used in spoken Chinese. However, “ifjf{]” includes the listener; “#&({]” usually does not in- clude the listener. For example: A and B go to the library to borrow books; A says to the librarian; 3642, FR {{7 2K. (Sir, we want to borrow books.) Then, A says to B: MEf]f#JL452 (How many books are we going to borrow?) © WRAL. “Please move inside.” The pronoun “KX” indicates everyone in a certain area or group. For example: KR HARHR, KEART. RERKR-E BIL, “KR” is often used after “P{{], AC], MAA]” for emphatic purposes. For exam- ple: WRMIAK RMA LH, MAA RANG A 38-27 -78-In China, most buses have a person selling tickets on board. Buses without ticket agents are becoming more numerous in some large cities. ® WEEMS, “Passengers who just boarded should purchase tickets, please.” “HE EA)” is a form of the “fi” phrase, which means “fb AVHEA”. “V+ a9” or “VP+f” can also form the “#” phrases. For example; RAPA, FREY, GEAR AIR, RFE NIA: borrowed book, not purchased) FARAH, (FMT: tickets to Qianmen) REAR KEK. WER. “You gave five dollars; three dollars is your change. Please hold onto your ticket.” These are common phrases used by bus ticket sellers. In some Chinese cit a ticket check is conducted at the time of getting off the bus; thus the ticket sellers say, “Please hold onto your ticket.” KEY SENTENCES - ab BARR aT AY ROAHAP LH, MPHAHRKLM, . de @ Rik oo PK, ME TRAMP RBA, - KARST, KRRBBR . FEHRE RE CH RBS RET TRINH T SPADAAWN SE 1. 9818 F FUSE Master the following phrases (1) 2 Abo ake MAR RLS MLE AERA ELAM Ea pe ime siq 2) 42k BELA AML BRAG ABRR BAER -79-BRERE BwERA BE G3) "NALA NAIA NRA MH HRA "ANSGAR L (4) KR KEMRGAR MKRRK WKESML WAR Dw HAR LM HARABY HRRKS HAZER WAKEPMR WARAMLARA MMA EMRKIVC KNAKEMRHRE QNKR-RERB (5) Ref RH Rey Rea Ret Beh REYA RAM AGN RRMIARH ALHH ZRH 2H MH RE AMH RH RH LH BBay BL RAR RRAM (6) SLAF PLY CHER FRAR AMR THLE Reet MRD SERS SHAR PARKA FRR (7) tei to PR FEAL RAB jerk AKER RP REA JAAR GREER FORA K > SIBHE Pater drills mR | (1) AoF BAe T 2 eee ROWE T — 2%, ATE. Li ohana i [ Met #9 a | (2) MBs hig eT RA? a eae a KA WSBT. 2 RIES oH AR ORR a | Ash baie Wi Bae st -80-3) WHAT? at BR WUAARLS HAL RE, 5 Re HY ie ZA KR-RRT - fo ih to B APE MH Be KR RER Co He q HL BR Bi ER € ma 5) Wibdeth 2 Ke le & xammnEH eA BH E, eR BRD ewe | fF Rk mRORR S$ ok ROR 5) AAI Hao? Gen | OR A Ga] ah? (4) BF Kx ASAE. an Ch) te BR RMA MARA, RB HEH, (#) BiH att eee Ch) em 8 BB GR) EH tak 7) RRERAKAMEH? [ REAR (A) # WAR px KEGEL ERMA, | (2) ee eae, CL ER he ek eke |(8) Rese MRIL FDR? WEHRFAR, aa an eset FR? x sh ie Wie FOR. ELBE AMA WeE KR eh 3. DREIEB Classroom activity Complete the following question-and-answer exercises (A asks the first question, B answers it; B asks the second question, C answers it; ...) C1) SKAZFHAZRB? (2) PRAMILF BR? (3) FAME KAA FRE? MA His RY? (4) A LEA RUDRA AL MLR GR? (5) AH LARGER A AIHA? (6) BRRARAWN? (7) BRART MRE? (8) BRAKM RAIMA? (9) Hetil At RAAB ILE #2 (10) SAA KEP LBA HI TB? C1) BKARHAZET? 4. S845) Conversation exercises [4EItB)& At the post office} (1) A: AA, RFRA, B: &A—Fo A: ikabape TWO, BREIL? RRR, EB ARP B Aro B, MARFA E BR HB? A B: th @R-HAAI (QOngjin), Hf $ = ~82-2) iD) PP rw er De oe ve eee 1 WEN @ RIL ESI? : £-2M, 2 DHL, EI, RAR-P OR, 2 He Rik seh ° : He, : RRA-AEOPR, HSL, 1 REIL? A, RAMM OR HP. : RAKES (yOupiao): +RALM, FRALH, : 3 14a, + REL 2& (jinian) HF, + RBA AIL? : RZFKDAM, BNE? : AE, HBA Describing things] IDA B: ang 2 Rah AF MIL? eH? ABRAM MAF RAF AD, He AF RAZ BE 892 SRILA 4 AY ee TERR? AN ABHAZE Uncertainty] (1) A 2 Ue Foi MB Aa HR HE? PRR RMR REPA P ~83-A: $,RE8?, (2) Ar “RGM FEZ? B: AB“*A”, a (ranhou)-+-- SHA? FREAK”, Ar Bx, RK" [#282 Reminding] (1) A: AR, FFRAR, GN-RAB Hire, B: A: REFS ME TRACP PE, B: ce (2) A: RHKAMA. B; 2 A: RER-+ GR, AMAMKD FAK, B: HST 0 [ARASEIR Taking the bus ] (1) A: CB ARHARART AEA, B: 4, ZEA, RARER, RAKE, 0 #ER: —k AE © B; BRR: F-3b, ZH. FRM RSH BS (zhinbei), EAS T, FEWRERS SACHA, (2) RB: DI MAAK EM HRARBRBHL? BER: RBARAEHH, KR B. MR RPRAT. Ri: o ETAT FF , 810 BAKA FSI Et Ho Be MWh 5) Sb SIF RAI — FIL 3H? A: RAM, BASS,5. ABLE Describe the following pictures (fy GR A: GRR %, ARAB RH B: ABRATBR ORR _ Ho $ A, bd RRM BIE, LAR: fyd4e th a4 BR # 2. LAR: fete ay wR, #2, HHH LEAR: ite th 04 BR Fb: wh, LAR: fd F Bw, LAR: HT GH EET 6. 3€hx4%J Communication practice 1) You go to the post office to mail a parcel to a friend back home, ‘There are many things in the parcel and you show them to the clerk one by one. Initially you want to send it by air, since that is faster, but you change your mind after you find out that the postage is very costly because you have so many things to mail. 2) Describe one incident where you had to go to the post office to pick up a package or to withdraw money. 3) You get on a bus and while buying a ticket, find out that you are on the wrong bus. The ticket seller tells you how to change buses to reach your destination. ~85-ymprehension and Paraphrasing HH (cOngming) Hy ALF (érzi) 1. We BEST 4 (feng) 1s , 348 45 (834 (xinfeng) 2 ko , 4445 89 4S Ht REID HY LIL KPA HF. AT -—BIL, LF ORT, CEM: “thiets F TONG RN ET. ES, CAM KM (EMT, BHR FY SRG, MST BARRE SAFO SRA GH AMBTALARE, "SEM ILF “HACER TS? LF HGCA T PET RAAB, RIL WERT. ” 2. LR A EEER-KGRAL, WM REEKAY IG WAKER. EE HK ME LMR LF AS] AMG T LT ADEM, wR 487 RUDE FAS A GER A ob Fh (SUNZI) S) EER RILPC, RRB "S ERT HAIL, DLN FPA RATE I ARE AMAT? LF HL KK EE EARG EME ARGH!” 3. CER MF AER HG DARA RY, TRE RAR ART TS BRE, FAG “SRA ABBE AA, A AE RARE? EER RB BAK T LF HL KA BMH RESHRRERAGR, ROR GRAS mT.” -86-1. S5LRNB The resultative complement The resultative complement explains the result of the action. It usually consists of a verb or an adjective. V+ V/A oF rd to listen and understand g za to write down a a to wrap (the parcel) well $ ae to hold onto i 4 to remember incorrectly aw cy to take the wrong (bus ) Resultative complements are closely bound to verbs. There cannot be other words in between. The particle “f/” or any objects must be placed behind the resultative complement. \ Predicate Subject -——. r a ee _V | ‘WA complement ) | Pt “T " L oO Pt “Tt HR | om |e | T. BRA | @ Ec | BAER. | | FHOHRE | = ca | AHS, | _ HAN i 4 ee & LT. If expressed by verbs with resultative complements, the action is usually complete. Thus, “BE( 4)” is commonly used in the negation,while “---T}L4{” is used for the V/A-not-V/A question. For example; RET RA? — RTE. BRAGHORTEA? Hi A OH BR. The adj “ie” in this lesson is used as a resultative complement, indicating that an action is completed to satisfaction. For example; -87-RAN REPRE, HARM, LELR, 2. “Fa” 4a (2) The “fi” sentence (2) There are two types of “ff” sentence in this lesson; A. “Jf” sentence with the predicative verb “to give”, such as “45” , GE", “GR ()” , GB", ete. This type of “Jf” sentence commonly indicates giving a certain object to a certain person. S +H" + Oy (sth.)+ V( “to give”) + O(sb.) Predicate Subject On v o a (something ) | (to give) | (somebody ) Hab AP IR Bs ko PR | & Bo OR | 4% Mee adh # R Site R 4 BR To B, “#21” sentence with simple directional complement The basic form of the “ff)" sentence with a simple directional complement is; S+ Adv + “G7 + O + V + H/H + (T) | Predicate Subject — — ] Adv “i” On Vv K/E | Pt th qe | MRP RR *# | ke & BR je | PR * & | to BRA | RA ze | MAR £ * | & je | MeOH |e | Rk OT, & & je | ae it & | ee 3. “fi” 42) The “fi” sentence (2) We have already leamed the “J&” sentence; for example “#22 ™%49)". Its subject and object are nouns or pronouns. ‘The function of the “fi” phrase is e- quivalent to that of a noun; thus it can also serve as the subject and the object of a “J” sentence. -88-S + #2 + N/A/Pr/Vp + BY Predicate Subject — ee _ | Adv “e" | 1)" phrase RG Bik sop aR MR 85 BARAK z aa, ORG az Pi, | AH R & HLH, HLH x BRAM, Phe x KH 1. WFAA (4) Methods of constructing Chinese characters(4) Phonetic loan method ({BH¥ 3%): This method us readily available character to represent another word that the shape and sound of a s the same sound. For ex- ample, the original meaning of “f” was “axe”; it is now borrowed as a measure word to represent “a unit of weight”, which has the same sound. “#” was originally used to represent a type of weapon; now it is used to write the first person pronoun. “3” originally meant “wheat”; it is now borrowed to mean “come”, because the sounds were the same in ancient times. All foreign words borrowed through transliteration are applications of the phonetic loan method. For example, “2b” (sofa), “AJR” (coke), etc. 2. ALSBAWYF Leam and write basic Chinese characters 13 yn & & sl the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches 3 strokes De "FSR fa not : 5 strokes nR (“7 eeneee gg &F xiang elephant 1 strokes ~89-Oe TEE yu a pencil 6 strokes oR “-Tttrtree chéng to ride 10 strokes OR PEER sht to lose 5 strokes 3. USWX' HMMs Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) i ji Ge) womy+s 5 strokes (2) && baogud &ao7+e 5 strokes gOS + Rtn 14 strokes (3) & xié wHe—> pyre hea 8 strokes (4) 448 cididn (443%) who ther 8 strokes (5) 18 jit (#) ws |] +4 5 strokes -90-6) 4 wang feo 4A td 7) 4 hangkong hi > fp +> +L BaP eT 8 38 hOlyun (sie) wrath 9 ip yOurei ($6) % > + Wh (10) FR qu Ro R+R 11) i 4% tongzhidan (8 42 #) Ho Pte 12) 47 RR huzhdo (247) Poo. +pP 13) F& kéqi (FA) Bom 1 Re 14) #€ 11 Jiangud Mén (3 Pa) BOF 15) 3% lu Bo¢+ RD 8 strokes 10 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes 8 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes 8 strokes 13 strokes -91-(16) A # giché (4 #) = ArT +H a strokes (17) 444% hGoxiang Br l+R 13 strokes (18) »€)4/] Zanmen (+f 4°) ™@>a+ g 9 strokes (19) #4 shoupidoyudn (42H) Zoe 4+ 11 strokes (20) £(22) Ii(bian) woreAtii 5 strokes (21) 3 Zhan Bos + sb 10 strokes (22) 344K ditié (24.4%) we > 3 4+ th 6 strokes BR—> BAR 10 strokes (23) #8 fangxin Brew +& 8 strokes (24) #HE ZGOgdo He > F + — + BW + A 1 strokes (25 #11 Qianmén (af Pa) WoY eee A + | 9 strokes -92-pale; Transportation in China The Chinese transportation industry has developed rapidly since the economic reforms. By late 1997, the total national railroad network comprised 57566 km. The network has expanded to reach every province, every region, and cities, except in Tibet. (The Qinghai~Tibet railway is now under construction.) 80% of all the cities in the country have access to railways. In 1997 the total length of roads was 1.2 million kilometers. Roads have ex- panded to all cities and counties throughout the country, with a coverage of 98% of townships (xing, %) and 80% of villages. Modern highway construction first started in the mid 1980's. Now the total length of the modern highway is 19 thou- sand kilometres, ranking the second in the world. There were a total of 967 commercial passenger airline routes in 1997, which was approximately a seven-fold increase from 1978. ~93-