Dr.
Nahla Bishri
Distributed Systems
Bank Questions
1) Give a suitable definition of the distributed systems? Discuss the
main features that lead to such trends.
➢ A distributed system is a collection of independent computers
that appear to the users of the system as a single computer
➢ The main features that lead to such trends.
2) Discuss the reasons for needing distributed systems.
Distributed Systems Goals:
➢ The Need for High Performance Computers
➢ Information exchange (collaborative work)
➢ Hardware Resource sharing (e.g. printer, backup
storage, disk units, etc.)
➢ Software Resource sharing (applications, information)
➢ Cost reduction
➢ Increase of availability (partial failure)
➢ Increase of performance through parallelism, ...
(Executing two or more instructions simultaneously)
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3) As soon as computers are interconnected and communicating, we
have distributed system. State names that have been known for such
interconnectivity.
This approach of interconnectivity has been known by several names:
➢ multi-computers,
➢ distributed computers,
➢ parallel computers,
➢ cluster,
➢ and computational grid
4) State the two technologies that helped in arising of distributed
systems.
➢ The two technologies are:
5) State types of distributed systems.
3 types of distributed systems are
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6) Explain what is meant by distributed computing systems.
7) Compare between Grid Computing Systems and Cluster Computing
Systems.
8) Compare between Cluster, Grid, Cloud with respect to Elasticity,
On-demand self-services, Resource Pooling.
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9) Discuss the advantages of Distributed Systems over centralized
systems.
➢ The advantages of Distributed Systems over centralized systems.
1.Economic
2.Speed
3.Inherent distribution
4. High reliability
5.Incremental Growth
6.Inevitability
7. Sharing of data
8. Need to share expensive or specialized equipment
9. Greater flexibility than autonomous systems
10) State advantages of Microprocessors rather than Mainframe.
11) Discuss the disadvantages of Distributed Systems.
➢ The disadvantages of Distributed Systems are
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12) Illustrate Distributed Systems challenges and problems.
13) What is the difference between sequential program and parallel
program? Explain the problem associated with parallel program.
➢ Sequential program is divided into sub tasks executed in
sequence (one after another)
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14) What is meant by parallel algorithm? State the measures of quality
of such algorithm.
15) Flynn’s classify the computer system into 4 classes. Explain each
class and give an example for each class.
Examples
• SISD [PC to large mainframe]
• SIMD [NVIDIA GPUs]
• MISD [ Space Shuttle flight control computers. ]
• MIMD [Multiprocessors-Multicomputer]
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16) MIMD can be classified into 2 groups. State them and State the
difference between them.
➢ Propose a definition for multiprocessors systems and explain the
different types of such systems.
➢ Multiprocessors systems are a type of MIMD where the group of
processors share memory.
➢ 2 Types are:
Advantage: Coherent Memory Adv: Many CPUs can access memory at
same time
Problem: As the number of processors increase
, the bus will be overload and performance will drop.
Dr.Nahla Bishri
17) Compare between (Network Operating System, Distributed
Operating System) with respect to description and its main goal.
18) Compare between Distributed Operating System, Network
Operating Systems and Middleware based operating system from the
point of view (Number of O.S needed, type of O.S, degree of
transparency).
19) Compare between Distributed Operating System, Network
Operating Systems and Middleware based operating system from the
point of view (Number of O.S needed, Resource Management,
Scalability, Openness). ()الحظ االجزاء المطلوبة فى السؤال فقط
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20) What does it mean by the inter-process communication in a uni-
processor and distributed processor system?
21) What is Communication Protocol? State the roles of
communication protocol (4 only) ()عناوين فقط
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22) Explain how is communication between 2 processes can be done
in Client/Server model. Illustrate it with a drawing.
23) There are different addressing methods that can be used with
Client/Server model
a) List these methods
b) Explain each with drawing
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24) What is the difference between Blocking and Unblocking design
issue in the Client-Server model?
a) Illustrate your answer with a figure.
b) Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of both.
Blocking primitives’ advantage and disadvantage are opposite to
Non-blocking primitives.
25) a) State the drawbacks of non-blocking primitives.
b) State the solutions to the drawbacks of non-blocking primitives.
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26) a) List the different design issues for Client-Server communication
model.
b) Summarize options for each issue.
a) Design issues are:
Addressing, Blocking, Buffering, Reliability
b)
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MCQ questions
1. OSI stands for __________
a) open system interconnection
b) operating system interface
c) optical service implementation
d) open service Internet
2. The number of layers in ISO OSI reference model is __________
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7
3. TCP/IP model does not have ______ layer but OSI model have this
layer.
a) session layer
b) transport layer
c) application layer
d) network layer
4. Which layer is used to link the network support layers and user
support layers?
a) session layer
b) data link layer
c) transport layer
d) network layer
5. TCP/IP model was developed _____ the OSI model.
a) prior to
b) after
c) simultaneous to
d) with no link to
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6. Which layer is responsible for process to process delivery in a
general network model?
a) network layer
b) transport layer
c) session layer
d) data link layer
7. Which layer provides the services to user?
a) application layer
b) session layer
c) presentation layer
d) physical layer
8. Transmission data rate is decided by ____________
a) network layer
b) physical layer
c) data link layer
d) transport layer
9. Wireless transmission of signals can be done via ___________
a) radio waves
b) microwaves
c) infrared
d) all of the mentioned
10.The data link layer takes the packets from _________ and
encapsulates them into frames for transmission.
a) network layer
b) physical layer
c) transport layer
d) application layer
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11.The network layer is concerned with __________ of data.
a) bits
b) frames
c) packets
d) bytes
12. The network layer protocol for internet is __________
a) ethernet
b) internet protocol
c) hypertext transfer protocol
d) file transfer protocol
13.Which of the following are transport layer protocols used in
networking?
a) TCP and FTP
b) UDP and HTTP
c) TCP and UDP
d) HTTP and FTP
14.Transmission control protocol ___________
a) is a connection-oriented protocol
b) uses a three way handshake to establish a connection
c) receives data from application as a single stream
d) all of the mentioned
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15.In respect of OSI model. LANs implement
a) Lower 2 layers
b) All seven layers
c) Upper five layers
d) None of the above
16.UDP in the internet protocol suite is related to
a) Layer-4
b) Layer-3
c) Layer-2
d) Layer-1
17.The Media Access Control sublayer resides in which OSI Layer?
a) Transport layer
b) Network layer
c) Physical layer
d) Data Link layer
18.TELNET, FTP, SMTP protocols fall in the following layer of OSI
reference model.
a) Transport layer
b) Internet layer
c) Network layer
d) Application layer
19.UPD is ___________ protocol
a) Connection-Oriented
b) Connection-Less
c) Neither
d) Both
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20.TCP is ___________ protocol.
a) Connection-Oriented
b) Connection-Less
c) Neither
d) Both
