BRL-N.

b-3807

MEMORANDUM REPORT BRL-MR-3867

BRL
A SYMPTOM OF PAYLOAD-INDUCED FLIGHT INSTABILITY

Lol
L CHARLES H. MURPHY

p,.p

: 99- t
SEPTEMBER 1990

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLMITED.

U.S. ARMY LABORATORY COMMAND

BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORY

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND
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 UH _.IAa,mr aLu
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMErNc "'1'C88

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave D ,nk)J2. REPORT DATE 3 REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
I September 1990 I Final, Dec 86 - Sep 90
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

iL162618AH80
A Symptom of Payload-Induced Flight Instability
6. AUTHOR(S)

Charles H. Murphy
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER

9. SPONSORING MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(E-} 10. SPONSORING MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

Ballistic Research Laboratory

ATTN: SLCBR-DD-T BRL-H-3867
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5066

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

12a. DISTRIBUTION AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

Approved for public release; distribution is

unlimited j

13. ABSTRACT (Maxmum 200 words)

bservations of instability caused by a moving payload--liquid or

solid--have shown that large angular motions are always accompanied
by a large spin-down moment. A simple general relation is derived
between the side moment and the spin moment caused by the steady-state
motion of any movable payload. -

14. SUBJECT TERMS 1S NUMBER OF PAGES

Payload 14
Moving Payload Payload-Induced Roll Moment 14
Flight Instability Payload-Induced Side Moment 16. PRICE COOE
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION I 18. SECURITY CLASSIFI(ATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED SAR
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
UNCLASSIFIED 4915.. Standard Form 298 (Rev 2-89)
1
INTENTIoNALLY LEFT BLANK.
 Table of Contents
Page

List of Figures ......... .................................. v

I. Introduction ........................................... 1
II. Moving Rigid Payload ....... .............................. 1
III. Liquid Payloads .......................................... 2
IV. General Moving Payload Moment Relation ..... .................. 3
References ......... ..................................... 7
Distribution List ....... ................................. 9
A :c. j :1on For _

DTIC TAB
Un~nanunced
Justification

By
Distribution/ _ _

Avallabtlity Codes

Dist - 1

#1-f

i11
INTFENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.

iv
 List of Figures
Figure Page

1 Measured spin histories of T317 ............................... 5

2 Sun angle history of unstable liquid-filled shell ..... ................ 6

3 Spin history of unstable liquid-filled shell ..... ................... 6

ImremnoNALLY LEFr BLANK.

vi
 I. Introduction

The angular motion of a projectile in flight can usually be represented as the sum
of two coning motions. The stability of a general motion can then be determined by
considering the stability of each coning motion separately. For this analysis, an aeroballistic
coning axis system with unit vectors F_, Fy, and F,. is customary. The 4,~vector is aligned
along the axis of symmetry; the Fy vector is in the plane containing the axis of symmetry
and the velocity vector and points toward the velocity vector. For constant-amplitude
coning motion of amplitude a, and frequency ,, the angular velocity of the coordinate
system is
=i €0 cosa, + jvc sin°) (11)

The aerodynamic moment Ml can be expressed in the coning coordinate system as

(M., M Maa)_ M represents the spin moment and is usually described quantitatively
by the dimensionless coefficient C1. Ma represents an in-plane moment (a moment causing
a motion in the plane of the cone angle); it is related primarily to the static moment coef-
ficient, CM., and controls the frequency of the coning motion.1 Finally, M, represents a
side moment; it is a combination of the damping-in-pitch and Magnus moment coefficients,
and controls the growth or decay of the coning motion.
If a projectile has a moving payload - solid or liquid - the moment exerted by this
payload can be expressed in coning coordinates as ( Mp, Mp, Mw ). The side moment
component, MV. can cause spectacular instabilities. When these instabilities occur, a
rapid despin is observed; hence a relation between the moving payload's spin moment and
its side moment has long been suspected. This correlation between spin and side moment
is used as a diagnostic for payload-induced instability.
In this report we will review the experimental observations and theories that deal
with this relation for a variety of moving components. We will then derive a -ery simple
relation that applies to all moving payloads in steady-state motion, thus validating the
diagnostic tool.

II. Moving Rigid Payload

In 1955 an 8-inch shell, the T317, showed significant range losses and very large spin
decays.2 This shell had several rings held on a central column but free to move within small
but nonzero clearances. The actual spin histories of several T317's are given in Reference
2 and are repeated as Figure 1. This figure also gives the spin history for three T347's.
The T347 shell has the same external shape, mass, and moments of inertia as the T317
but no movable internal components. In all observed cases, the T317 had a greater spin
loss and flew to a lesser range. The relative decrements between the range of each T317
shell and the average range of the T347's are giien in the figure. We see ---t a spin loss
of almost 70 Hz was observed for a projectile that flew 11 % short of its proper range.

1
 Several authors 3.4.5 developed steady-state payload motion theories to explain this
misbehavior. Reference 5 considered two types of motion: (1) a circular motion of radius f
of the payload component center of mass about the projectile's axis of symmetry; (2) a
coning motion of angle -f of the spin axis of the payload component about the projectile's
axis of symmetry. Both motions were assumed to be at the projectile's coning frequency,
0,, and lagging the projectile coning motion by a phase angle 0o. Under these assumptions,
the side moment exerted by the internal component was shown to be

Mrs = A , sin$ (2)

where:
(1) MVIP 2 f

A - or
(2) P
-P
, ,, )t
P - mass of payload component
1, - axial location of payload component relative to
projectile center of mass
I,, axial moment of inertia of payload component
Itp = transverse moment of inertia of payload component
pp= spin of payload component

More importantly, the roll moment induced by the payload component was shown to
be

M.= - Mp. sinc (3)

III. Liquid Payloads

Liquid payloads have been known to cause very spectacular instabilities. Flight mea-
surements in 1974 of unstable projectiles with spinning liquid payloads showed a most
remarkable result. 6 Very large decreases in projectile spin were observed for unstable pro-
jectiles performing large-amplitude coning motion.
Figures 2-3 are yawsonde records for a liquid-filled shell fired at a transonic muzzle
velocity. The oscillating sun angle, a,, indicates a coning motion in excess of thirty
degrees after eight seconds of flight. At this time, the slope of Euler spin, 4, changes by
a factcr of ten. Thus projectiles fully filled with liquid show the same spin-down behavior
as projectiles with moving rigid payloads. Indeed, this large despin moment occurring for
payload-induced instability was suggested by Miller 7 as a design tool, a technique jusufied
by flight tests.8

2
 The first theoretical relation between side moment and roll moment for liquid payloads
,,,s given in Reference 9. This reference assumed that the steady-state motion of a liquid
could be approximated by a linearized Navier-Stokes equation and then showed (after
considerable algebra) that Equation (3) was valid for a liquid payload. Later, Rosenblat
et al.1 0 showed that linearization of the Navier-Stokes equation was unnecessary. After
three pages of much simpler algebra, Reference 10 showed that any liquid in a fully filled
payload cavity (provided the liquid satisfies the continuity equation and is in steady-state
motion) has the following relationship between its side moment and its roll moment:

MP, -- - M,, tan c (4)

Note that the linear versions of Equations (3) and (4) are the same but Eq. (4) is the
more accurate nonlinear version.

IV. General Moving Payload Moment Relation

The occurrence of Eq. (4) in so many moving payload theories suggests the possi-
bility that some simple general proof of this relation should exist for all possible moving
payloads in steady-state motion. Indeed, such a proof was developed in Reference 11 by
differentiating the angular momentum of the moving payload.

If V (x, y, z) is the velocity vector of the moving payload element located at (x, y, z),
the angular momentum of the payload is given by

= J XV dxdydz (5)

where: p (x, y, z) is the payload density and

R = (x, y, z) is the position vector of a payload element.

The moment exerted by the moving payload is the negative of the derivative of the
payload's angular momentum:

M~v =-L

= - F(L + i 2 ep: + i 3 eF. + X (6)

where: (LI, L 2 , L3 ) are the components of the payload angular

momentum vector in the coning system.

3
 For steady-state coning motion, L,= 0 and hence

, [-L 3 sin ,, + L3 cosa, F., + (L1 sinc, - L2 cos a) F,, (7)

so that

MP= - L3 sina,
=-Mp tan a, (8)

Thus the presence of a payload-induced side moment can always be determined by

the roll moment for large coning motion.

4
 100 d%..

90 -- AR/R

80- -0.01

70- -0.05

N60

z
u50

40 -0.11

30
T317

20 T347

I0

0 I
10 20 30 40 50 60
t (s)
Figure 1. Measured spin histories of T317.

5
 60

440

C)
S0

U -20
-0

cr
CD
- -20

-60 I
0 10 Is 20

TIME (SEC)
Figure 2. Sun angle history of unstable liquid-filled shell.

120

100

LU
U

90

0::

0
70
a0

60

so
0 5 10 15 20
TIME (SEC I

Figure 3. Spin history of unstable liquid-filled shell.

z ! ! !6
 References

1. Murphy, C.H., "Free Flight Motion of Symmetric Missiles," U.S. Army Ballistic Re-
search Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, BRL Report No. 1216, July
1963, AD 442757.
2. Karpov, B.G., and Bradley, J.W., "A Study of Causes of Short Ranges of the 8 Inch,
T317 Shell," U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Maryland, BRL Report No. 1049, May 1958, AD 377548.
3. Chadwick, Wm.R., "Stability of Spinning Shell (Influence of Elastically Supported
Gyroscopic Mass)," unpublished Naval Surface Weapons Center manuscript, Septem-
ber 1975.
4. Soper, W.G., "Projectile Instability Produced by Internal Friction," AIAA Journal,
Vol 16, January 1978, pp 8-11.
5. Murphy, C.H., "Influence of Moving Internal Parts on Angular Motion of Spinning
Projectiles," Journal of Guidance and Control, Vol. 1, March-April 1978, pp 117-122.
(See also BRL-MR-2731, February 1977, AD A037338.)
6. D'Amico, Wm.P., Oskay, V., and Clay, W.H., "Flight Tests of the 155mm XM687
Binary Projectile and Associated Design Modifications Prior to the Nicolet Winter
Test 1974-1975," U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Maryland, BRL Memorandum Report 2748, May 1977, AD B019969.
7. Miller, M.C., "Flight Instabilities of Spinning Projectiles Having Nonrigid Payloads,"
Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, Vol. 5, March-April 1982, pp 151-157.
8. D'Amico, Win. P., and Miller, M.C., "Flight Instability Produced by a Rapidly Spin-
ning, Highly Viscous Liquid," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 16, January-
February 1976, pp 62-64.
9. Murphy, C.H., "Liquid Payload Roll Moment Induced by a Spinning and Coning Pro-
jectile," U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Mary-
land, BRL Technical Report ARBRL-TR-02521, September 1983, AD A133681. (See
also AIAA paper 83-2142, August 1983).
10. Rosenblat, S., Gooding, A., and Engleman, M.S., "Finite Element Calculations of
Viscoelastic Fluid Flow in a Spinning and Nutating Cylinder," U.S. Army Armament
Munitions Chemical Command Report CRDEC-CR-87021, December 1986.
11. Murphy, C.H., Bradley, J.W., and Mermagen, W.H., Sr., "Side Moment Induced by
a Spinning, Coning, Highly Viscous Liquid Payload," U.S. Army Ballistic Research
Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, BRL Technical Report BRL-TR-
3074, December 1989, AD 218746.

7
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