Arecanut Varieties PDF

ARECANUT VARIETIE§
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ICAR
CENTRAL PLANTATION CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE
REGIONAL STATION, VITTAL - 574 243
DAKSHINA KANNADA, KARNATAKA
ARECANUT VARIETIES
The arecanut palm (Areca catechu L.) is one of the

important commercial crops of India. The crop is mainly
grown in the states of Karnataka, Assam, Kerala, West Bengal,
Meghalaya, Maharastra, Tamil
Nadu and Andaman & Nicobar
Islands .
Systematic evaluation of
exotic and indigenous acces
sions of arecanut and selection
for high yield and its component
characters have resulted in
release of high yielding varieties
and also identifying some of the
promising cultivars for diffe
rent agroclimatic conditions of
the country.
Man gal a
Mangala (VTL-3)
Among the exotic collections, under evaluation for yield
and its component traits, cultivar VTL-3 introduced from
Beijing (China) possess desirable characters such as earliness
in bearing, more number of female flowers per inflorescence,
higher nutset, initial and cumulative higher yield, quicker
stabilization of production and lesser height in comparison
with local South Kanara variety. The average yield is 3.0kg
Manga la Bunch
Mangala Nut s
chali/palm/year. The cultivar was released for coastal areas

of Karnataka and Kerala upto an altitude of about 800 metre
in 1972 for commercial cultivation under the name 'Mangala'.
The variety is characterized by semi-tall habits partially
drooping crown with well spread leaves and having more
number of leaflets as compared to South Kanara local. The
leaflets are dark green in colour with characteristic crinkl ing
at the tips. Fruits are medium sized with good chewing quality
of nuts /acceptable to the consumer. It is very important to
note that in this variety because of heterozyous nature of the
crop and semi tall nature of its habit, about 2 per cent of the
palms develop weak stem with lanky growth. These may be
located and rogued out within two years after planting and
replaced. Also Mangala palms suffer it underplanted in heavily
shaded old areca gardens.
Sumangala (VTL-ll)
The accession VTL-II obtained from Indonesia was
evaluated along with other indigenous and exotic accessions
for yield and its component characters . Critical observations
recorded showed number of desirable characters as compared
to South Kanara local. There was an increase in yield of 64%
over South Kanara local. In view of the substantial increase
in yield, the variety was released for all areca growing areas
in general and coastal Karnataka and Kerala in particular in
1985. Sumangala is a tall type with partially drooping crown.
Under good management, palms flower in 4-5 years. The
colour of the ripe nuts is deep
yellow to orange and oblong to
round in shape. The variety
recorded an average yield of
3.28 kg. of chali/palm/year at
the age of ten years .
Sreemangala (VTL-17)
The accession VTL-17
introduced from Singapore
showed high yield potential
compared t'o SK local and
recorded 59% increase in yield
over SK local. Arecanut palm
is tall with partially drooping Sumangala
crown with longer internodes
and sturdy stem. It starts flowering in 4-5 years. It is high
yielder with an average yield of 3. 18 kg chali/palm/year. Ripe
nuts are usually oblong to round in shape with deep yel low
Sreemangala
cr ' 'ur. Nuts of this variety is used only for chali making (ripe
nut processing). This cultivar VTL-17 released in the name
of Sreemangala during 1985 for coastal region of Karnataka
and Kerala.
Distinguished characters of released varieties of arecanut
Variety Growth Shape & Yield Year of Recommended
habit Size of nut Chali rei ease agro-cl i matic
(kg/palm) area
Mangala Semi tall Round & small 3.0 1972 Coastal

early Karnataka
bearing and Kerala
Sumangala Tall Oval & 3.28 1985 Karnataka
medium and Kerala
Sreemangala Tall Round and 3.18 1985 Karnataka
Oval and Kerala
Mohitnagar Tall Oval to 3 .67 1991 West Bengal
Homo- round Karnataka
geneous medium and Kerala
Mohitnagar
Mohitnagar, an indigenous (Mohitnagar, West Bengal)
arecanut variety with a high yield potential has been
Mohitnagar
recommended for release during 1991. The variety has recor f j
and increase in yield of 23% and 84% over Mangala and SK
local, respectively. The important feature of this variety is its
greater uniformity. The bunches are well placed and nuts are
loosely arranged on spikes which help in their uniform
development of nuts and also enable efficient plant protection
measures. Early stabilization of yield as compared to Sumangala
and Sreemangala was also noticed. The variety is consistent
high yielder with an average yield of 3.67 kg chali/palm/year.
This variety was relased for cultivation in West Bengal and
Coastal areas of Karnataka and Kerala.
South K anara Local
South Kanara Local/Kasaragod Local

It is largely grown in Dakshina Kannada district of
Karnataka and Kasaragod district of Kerala . Varieties tall in
habit with partially dooping crown with hard stem. It is
characterised by large sized nuts with uniform bearing. Average
chali yield is 2.0 kg/palm/year. Ripe nut is mainly used for
r ' ki ng chal i. This variety is suitable for interplanting in old
areca gardens.
Hirehalli Local
It is a tall type and mainly cultivated in maidan parts
especially, very popular in Tumkur, Mandya and parts of
Hassan and Bangalore districts of Karnataka. Palms of this
variety possess medium thick stem with partially drooping
crown. The nuts are medium sized, round to oval which are
Hirehalli
placed in erect bunches. Nuts of this cultivar is used both for

tendernut processing and making chali. Average yield is 3.20
kg. chal i/palm/year.
It is important to note that the performance of varieties/
cultivars will vary depending upon agro cl imatic conditions
where they are grown and attention given to them by the
growers. The potential ity of above varieties/cultivars can be
explained only when they are grown under good management
conditions following the recommended practices.
For seeds/seedlings contact:
The Head
Central Plantation Crops Research Institute
Regional Station
Vittal - 574 243
OR
The Scientist-in-Charge
CPCRI Seed Farm, Kidu
Nettana - 574 230
Extension publication No. 67 (December 1999)
Published by K.U.K . Nampoothri, Director, CPCRI, Kasaragod
Script by: K. S. Ananda Scientist (Sf. Scale)
Photo credit: K . Shyam Prasad

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ARECANUT VARIETIE§

CENTRAL PLANTATION CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE

REGIONAL STATION, VITTAL - 574 243

DAKSHINA KANNADA, KARNATAKA

The arecanut palm (Areca catechu L.) is one of the

chali/palm/year. The cultivar was released for coastal areas

Mangala Semi tall Round & small 3.0 1972 Coastal

South K anara Local

South Kanara Local/Kasaragod Local

placed in erect bunches. Nuts of this cultivar is used both for

CPCRI Seed Farm, Kidu

Nettana - 574 230

Extension publication No. 67 (December 1999)

Published by K.U.K . Nampoothri, Director, CPCRI, Kasaragod

Script by: K. S. Ananda Scientist (Sf. Scale)

Photo credit: K . Shyam Prasad

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