This document presents a ladder of 12 levels of stakeholder management and engagement. The levels range from manipulation, which aims to mislead stakeholders, to stakeholder control, where stakeholders have majority representation in decision making. Each level is defined by the intention of engagement, level of influence stakeholders have, and the style of dialogue used.
This document presents a ladder of 12 levels of stakeholder management and engagement. The levels range from manipulation, which aims to mislead stakeholders, to stakeholder control, where stakeholders have majority representation in decision making. Each level is defined by the intention of engagement, level of influence stakeholders have, and the style of dialogue used.
This document presents a ladder of 12 levels of stakeholder management and engagement. The levels range from manipulation, which aims to mislead stakeholders, to stakeholder control, where stakeholders have majority representation in decision making. Each level is defined by the intention of engagement, level of influence stakeholders have, and the style of dialogue used.
This document presents a ladder of 12 levels of stakeholder management and engagement. The levels range from manipulation, which aims to mislead stakeholders, to stakeholder control, where stakeholders have majority representation in decision making. Each level is defined by the intention of engagement, level of influence stakeholders have, and the style of dialogue used.
A ladder of stakeholder management and engagement (Friedman and Miles 2006:162)
Stakeholder Intention of Level of Style of dialogue and
management tool ands engagement influence associated examples nature of response
Degrees of 12. Stakeholder Majority Multi-way dialogue
stakeholder control representation of e.g. community power stakeholders in projects decision-making process
11. Delegated power Minority Multi-way dialogue
representation of e.g. board stakeholders in representation decision-making process Forming or agreeing to Proactive or 10. Partnership Joint decision- decisions Multi-way dialogue responsive/ making power over e.g. joint ventures trusting specific projects
9. Collaboration Some decision- Multi-way dialogue
making power e.g. strategic alliances afforded to stakeholders over Degrees of specific projects involvement 8.Involvement Multi-way dialogue e.g. constructive Stakeholders dialogue provide conditional support; if conditions Having an are not met support influence on 7. Negotiation is removed. The decisions Multi-way dialogue organisation decides e.g. reactive the extent of the bargaining conformity
6. Consultation Organisation has the
right to decide. Stakeholders can Two-way dialogue e.g. advise. Appease the questionnaires, stakeholder interviews, focus groups, task forces, Degrees of Responsive/neut tokenism ral 5. Placation Stakeholders can Being heard advisory panels hear and be heard before a but have no decision assurance of being heeded by the organisation
4. Explaining Two-way dialogue e.g.
workshops Educate 3. Informing stakeholders One-way dialogue e.g. Knowledge verified corporate about decisions reports
2. Therapy ‘Cure’ stakeholders One-way dialogue,
of their ignorance e.g. briefing sessions, Non- Autocratic/ and preconceived leaflets, magazines, participation cynical beliefs newsletters, corporate reports other 1. Manipulation ‘Misleading’ publications stakeholders, attempting to change stakeholder expectations