An Evening of Latin American Art Song PDF
An Evening of Latin American Art Song PDF
UR Scholarship Repository
Music Department Concert Programs Music
9-20-2010
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Department of Music, University of Richmond, "An Evening of Latin American Art Song" (2010). Music Department Concert
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THE UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND
DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC
presents
UNIVERSITY OF
RICHMOND
~
Monday, September 20, 2010
7:30p.m.
University of Richmond
Camp Concert Hall
}l6out tfie CJ?eiformers
A native of Peru, DAVID BALLENA received his early training at the Conservatorio
Nacional de Musica in Lima. While studying in Peru, he was awarded the First Prize in
the Piano Competition organized by the Conservatorio Nacional de Musica in Lima
and was later invited to perform with the Orquesta Sinf6nica Nacional. In 1997, he
came to the United States to study with Lee Luvisi and currently is a doctoral candi-
date at the University of Maryland, where he studies with Rita Sloan. Mr. Ballena has
been a participant in several music festivals in South America, Israel and the U.S.,
among them, the Young Musical Artists Association Festival, the Tel Hai International
Master Classes, the Sewanee Music Festival and the Aspen Music Festival. During his
four summers in Aspen, he has been a full scholarship and fellowship recipient and, in
the Summer of 2 008, returned as a staff pianist for the festival. While a student at
these festivals, David studied with Emilio del Rosario, Victor Derevianko, Anton Nel,
and Joseph Kalichstein.
Mr. Ballena recently made his Carnegie Hall debut in the Spring of 2008. Other recent
performances include the Aspen Music Festival's Festival of Tangos at the Benedict
Music Tent and performances at the Harris Concert Hall and Wheeler Opera House.
Additional performances include the American Piano Festival and Happy Birthday
Mozart at the Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center, a benefit for Opera Lafayette at La
Maison Franr;:aise in Washington, DC, the Friday Noon Concert Series at the Arts Club
of Washington, the Pontificia Universidad Cat6lica del Peru in Lima, the Comstock
Concert Hall, the University of Montana Recital Hall, the Monteabaro Recital Hall, and
the Hallem Theatre, among others.
l
Jln P.vening of Latin}lmerican}lrt Song
Emily Riggs, soprano
David BaHena, piano
I ntermisson
The nationalist movement, which began in the late 19th century, was still very
much alive and thriving as the young ALBERTO GINASTERA emerged onto the inter-
national scene. This early influence of the nationalist school would have a lasting
impact on Ginastera's musical aesthetic. While consistently embarking on musical
journeys that explore the deepest roots of the Argentine folk tradition, Ginastera's
music is also studded with references to the neo-classical school of composition
that dominated the avant-garde scene at the turn-of-the-century in Europe.
"Canci6n del arbol del olvido" is a wonderful example of a work that combines
these two influences. The use of ostinato and contrapuntal textures references the
neo-classical influence on his work, while the strict adherence to the folk song form
of the vidala is an ever-present reminder of the nationalist roots of this composer.
The Cinco canciones populares argentinas further solidified Ginastera's role as one
of the most innovative nationalist composers of his time. Three of the pieces in this
cycle, "Chacareras," "Gato" and "Zamba," all have titles that refer to specific folk
dances that are still performed throughout the rural lands of Argentina. Ginas-
tera's setting of these popular songs directly retains the folk dance rhythms sug-
gested by their titles. These five songs encompass a vast array of moods and sub-
jects. At times, Ginastera's harmonic language is saturated with chromaticism and
at other times is content to rest in the calm of consonance. The driving rhythms of
the first and last songs contrast with the sparse textures, and, at moments, utter
timelessness that characterize the second, third and fourth songs. References to
traditional instrumentation, especially the guitar, can be seen throughout this cycle.
As is the case with a majority of Ginastera's music, many figures in the piano simu-
late the plucking and/or strumming of a classical guitar, and often contain the six
notes corresponding to the six open strings. Such a gesture can be heard in the
repeated motive in the second song of this cycle, "Triste."
CARLOS GUASTAVINO is perhaps the most highly regarded composer of vocal music
in Argentina, composing over 200 songs for a variety of ensembles. His songs are
loved for their unique lyricism and the composer's gift for creating memorable
melodies. His fame may lie in his unparalleled ability to stretch the boundaries of
art song and popular song and merge them in a convincing way. In contrast to
Ginastera, who embraced the modernist trends in harmony and form, Guastavino
preferred traditional tonality and conservative forms. He managed to imbue his
melodies, no matter how traditional, with a newness and timeless relevance that
earned him international recognition as a composer of vocal music.
Many scholars group Guastavino's songs into two distinct periods of composition:
those before 1963 and those after 1963. All the songs chosen for this recital, with
the exception of "Pampamapa" are representative of Guastavino's early period of
song writing. During this period, the composer looked more to the texts of foreign
poets as the source for his songs, among them Spanish poet Raphael Alberti and
Chilean No bel laureate, Gabriela Mistral. Among these early compositions are the
popular "Se equivoco la paloma" and "La rosa y el sauce," a piece originally con-
ceived as a piano solo and later rearranged by composer with the addition of the
vocal line. Throughout his late period, Guastavino turned directly to folk texts,
dances, and melodies as the inspiration for his song writing. "Pampamapa" is
written in the style of a huella, an Argentine folk dance in alternating 6/8 and 3 j 4
meter and characterized by a repetitive i-VI-III-V7-i chord progression.
1
The two songs chosen for this recital highlight Carreno's gift for writing expansive
lyrical melodies enriched by colorful harmonies in the piano. These songs display
the composer's ability to weave elements of the vocal line and accompaniment to-
gether to create a seamless tapestry of sound and emotion. Perhaps what is most
compelling about these two songs is the way the composer is able to transform a
text, which on its own holds no exceptional weight or value, and, by virtue of his
musical choices, turn it into a beautifully expressive verse.
XAVIER MONTSALVATGE shares an allegiance to both Spain and Cuba. Born and
educated in Spain by Catalonian teachers, he harbored a deep passion for the
rhythms and melodies of Cuba, especially Afro-Cuban musical tradition. Many
Catalonians emigrated abroad during the unsettling years leading up to the Spanish
Civil War, and one of the largest communities of Catalonians settled on the island of
Cuba. The dance rhythms, folk tunes, and culture of West Indies would form the
foundation ofMontsalvatge's musical language.
The Cinco canciones negras was originally composed for voice and piano and later
arranged by the composer for voice and orchestra. This cycle is perhaps Montsal-
vatge's most widely recognized and performed work. It combines the poetry of five
different sources and includes the works of Spanish, Cuban, and South American
poets who are all writing about the joys and struggles of the Afro-Cuban culture.
Nostalgia, longing, humor, pain, murderous rage, maternal love, innocence, hope,
debauchery, and celebration all figure into this snapshot of a culture. While Afro-
Cuban rhythms are apparent throughout, the cycle also serves as an excellent ex-
ample of French turn-of-the-century influence on his song writing. The expanded
chromaticism, jazz harmonies, and musical flippancy of the first and
second pieces speak directly to the influence of Les Six.
The works of Brazilian composer FRANCISCO ERNANI BRAGA are often overshad-
owed by the success of his contemporaries. Braga has contributed a number of
worthy compositions the song repertoire, in particular, his cycle Cinco can96es
nordestinas do folclore brasileiro. His music evidences the influence of post-
Wagnerian chromaticism as well as a clear affinity for the traditional Afro-Brazilian
music of his homeland, a result of his education both at the Imperial Conservatory
of Brazil and the Paris Conservatory, the latter under the tutelage of Jules Massenet.
From the time of the Portuguese discovery of Brazil in the year 1500 through the
19th century, the institution of slavery was the driving force behind economic and
agricultural growth in the newly settled region. The Afro-Brazilian culture was
concentrated in the Northeastern coastal regions of the country, where sugar
cane plantations thrived. It is from this region that the folk texts and melodies of
the following three songs were taken. In the rhythm of the first piece, "Capim di
pranta," one can hear the repetitive labor of the harvesters as they pluck the
persistent weeds from the fields. "Sao Joao-da-ra-rao" is in rondo form and relies
on a popular method of improvisation in children's songs, in which the interior
syllables of the words are repeated in a playful manner. In the final piece,
"Engenho novo!," the accompaniment simulates the churning wheels of the sugar
cane mill. The random repetition of text captures the worker's youthful inno-
cence and joy over the opening of a new mill. More important than the meaning
of the text itself is the sound the texts makes in repetition.
CJ'ransfations
Chacareras Chacareras
A mf me gustan las fiatas I love girls with little snub noses
Y una fiata me ha tocado and a snub-nose girl is what I've got.
Nato sera el casamiento Ours will be a snub-nose wedding
y mas fiato el resultado. and snub-nosed children will be our lot.
Cuando canto chacareras Whenever I sing a chacarera
Me dan ganas de llorar it makes me want to cry,
Porque se me representa because it takes me back to
Catamarca y Tucuman. Catamarca and Tucuman.
Triste
Ah! Ah!
Debajo de un limon verde Beneath a lime tree
Donde el agua no corrfa where no water flowed
Entregue mi coraz6n I gave up my heart
A qui en no lo mereda. to one who did not deserve it.
Ah! Ah!
Triste es el dfa sin sol Sad is the sunless day.
Triste es Ia noche sin luna Sad is the moonless night.
Pero mas triste es querer But sadder still is to love
Sin esperanza ninguna. with no hope at all.
Ah! Ah!
Zamba Tears
Hasta las piedras del cerro Even the stones on the hillside
y las arenas del mar and the sand in the sea
Me dicen que note qui era tell me not to love you.
Gato Cat
Intermission
-Translations unavailable
Cinco canciones negras
Cuba dentro de un piano
La nina criolla pasa con su mirina que blanco. The Creole girl goes by in her white crinoline.
jque blanco! How white!
que nose escape de pronto de Ia carcel de not to suddenly escape the prison of your
tu falda. skirt.
Tu cuerpo encierra esta tarde rumor de In your body this evening dwells the sounds
abrirse de dalia of opening dahlias.
Nifia note quejes, tu cuerpo de fruta esta Young girl, do not complain, your ripe body
dormido en fresco brocado. sleeps in fresh brocade,
Tu cintura vibra fina con Ia nobleza de un your waist quivers as proud as a whip,
latigo. every inch of your skin is gloriously fragrant
Toda tu pie! huele alegre a limonal y a with orange- and lemon trees.
naranjo. The sailors look at your and feast their eyes
Los marineros te miran y se te que dan on you.
mirando
The Creole girl goes by in her white crinoline. ·
La nina criolla pasa con su mirina que blanco, How white!
jque blanco!
Ninghe, ninghe, ninghe, duermete, negrito, Lullay, lullay, lullay, sleep, little black boy,
cabeza de coco, grano de cafe. Head like a coconut, head like a coffee bean.
El negro canta y se ajuma. The black man sings and get drunk,
Mamatomba serembe cuseremba, Mamatomba serembe cuseremba,
el negro se ajuma y canta. The black man gets drunk and sings,
Mamatomba serembe cuseremba, Mamatomba serembe cuseremba,
el negro canta y se va. The black man sings and goes away.