Arrizky Ayu FP - 2101191004 - Power Line Communication

Nama: Arrizky Ayu Faradila Purnama
NIM: 2101191004
PLC (Power Line Communication)

Background
To transmit electric power from a small number of sources (the generators) to a large number of
sinks (consumers) in the frequency range of 50-60 Hz power lines were design. Electrical power
lines are usually classified into the high (>100kV), medium (1-100kV) and low (<1kV) voltage
network. Power line communication which is also known as Power line carrier, power line digital
subscriber line (PDSL), mains communication, power-line telecommunications, or power line
networking (PLN) uses the existing electrical network for communication. So the cost of
installation is lower than other communication system and availability of communication service
can be everywhere outlets exist. Power line communication is an emerging home network
technology that allows consumers to use their already existing wiring system to connect home
appliances to each other and to the Internet. For communication purpose electrical power supply
network is used in power line communication. Reduction in operational costs and expenditures for
communication is the main thing in power line communication. For internal communication of
electrical utilities, remote measuring and control task high, medium and low voltage supply have
been used. PLC is also used in internal electrical installation within buildings and homes called in
home PLC for various communication application. PLC modems are used to make communication
in power supply networks. Data signal from conventional communication devices, (computer,
telephone) is converted by PLC modem in a form that is suitable for transmission over power lines.
Although, power supply network is not designed for data communication. The PLC transmission
channel has some negative properties as frequency-dependent attenuation, changing impedance,
fading and unfavorable noise condition. However, to provide higher data rates PLC network has
to operate in a frequency spectrum of up to 30 MHz. PLC network produces electromagnetic
radiation and disturb other services operating in the same frequency range. PLC is divided into
two groups: narrowband PLC allowing data rates up to 100 kbps and broadband PLC allowing
data rates beyond 2 Mbps . With the inevitable arrival of broadband access, the demand for digital
voice, video, internet data within the home increases continuously. PLC technology allows the
uses of existing and widespread power distribution infrastructure to provide high speed networking
capabilities along with many other benefits.
Theory
In 1838, Englishman Edward Davy proposed a solution for remote measurements system between
London and Liverpool. In 1897, first patent was submitted by him for the remote measurement of
electrical network meters communicating over electrical wiring [1]. Some special applications out
of many are:
Automatic meter reading: In this technology, data from energy meter is automatically collected
and transfer to the central database for bill and analysis. The main aim for the automation of meter
reading is not to reduce labor cost but to obtain data rate that is difficult to obtain. In most of the
places, users have demanded that their monthly bill be based on actual reading, instead of the bill
which is based on prediction. This is the technology which saves periodic trip and billing is based
on the real consumption not estimated. Since, the installation of first ac transmission line in 1886.
To measure the energy that consumers pay for was very important. Mr. Paraskevakos created first
AMR system in 1974 by using technology developed by Theodore George [19]. PLC presents an
interesting and economical solution for AMR.
Home networking and Internet Access: More number of computers is connected in a building by
using existing network as a Local Area Network (LAN). There is no need to install new wire or
cable to connect all the computers due to the availability of low voltage power network which
connects all the networks and save the installation cost and time.
Home Automation: for remote control of lighting and appliances it is power line communication
technique which is used. Power line communication uses existing wiring in the home. Transmitting
radio programs: Over power line some time power line communication was used for transmitting
radio programs. It is known as carrier current system when operated in the AM radio band. For
communication large portion of the radio spectrum might be used for high frequency
communication.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
As a coin has two sides, every technology has some advantages and disadvantages. Similarly
power line communication has advantages and disadvantages which are given as.
Advantages
Most private dwellings do not have dedicated neither low nor high-speed network cabling
installed, and the labor costs required to install such wiring is often quite high. Power line
communication uses the existing electrical network for communication. So the cost of installation
is lower than other communication system and availability of communication service can be
everywhere outlets exist. For internal communication of electrical utilities, remote measuring and
control task high, medium and low voltage supply have been used. PLC is also used in internal
electrical installation within buildings and homes called in home PLC for various communication
application. If there is the availability of multiple power outlets in every room, the home power
line infrastructure represents an excellent network to share data among intelligent devices, also
with high data transfer rate, up to a few hundreds of Mbps.
Disadvantages
Minimum-security levels: power lines do not necessarily provide a secure media Data attenuation:
due to the presence of numerous elements on a power line network, data attenuation is likely to be
an issue High costs of residential appliances: the cost of a power line network modem is not always
competitive with the cost of a standard modem used to connect to a phone line network. Noise:
the greater amount of electrical noise on the line limits practical transmission speed (vacuum
cleaners, light dimmers, kitchen appliances and drills are examples of noise sources that affect the
performance of a power line-based home network).
STANDARDS
HomePlug and CENELEC standards are the most popular standards for high data rate and low
data rate PLC system. Several competing standards are evolving as indicated below:
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) power-line telecommunications (PLT):
This provides necessary standards for voice and data services over the power line transmission.
Interoperability aspects are also discuss.
Home-Plug Power-Line Alliance: It is a global organization consisting of some 65 member

companies.
The main aim of this is to enable and promote rapid availability, adoption and implementation of
cost-effective, interoperable and standardsbased home power-line networks and products. The
resulting standards are expected to offer best performance. The Home Plug Power-Line Alliance
has defined some standards like,
(a) Home Plug 1.0 – specification for connecting devices via power-lines in the home,
(b) Home Plug AV – designed for transmitting high definition television (HDTV) and VoIP around
the home,
(c) Home Plug BPL – a working group to develop a specification for to-the-home connection and
(d) Home Plug Command and Control (CC) – command and control a specification to enable
advanced, whole-house control of lighting, appliances, climate control, security and other devices.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): the standards are due to the IEEE BPL
Study Group. Some of those standards are:
(a) IEEE P1675 ‘Standard for Broadband over Power-line Hardware’ is a working group
working on hardware installation and safety issues. (b) IEEE P1775 ‘Power-Line
Communication Equipment – Electromagnetic Compatibility. (EMC) Requirements –
Testing and Measurement Methods’ is a working group focused on PLC equipment, EMC
requirements and testing and measurement methods.
(c) IEEE P1901 ‘IEEE P1901 Draft Standard for Broad-band over Power-Line Networks:
Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications’ is a working group for
delivering BPL. The aim is to define medium access control and physical layer
specifications for all classes of BPL devices – from long distance connections to those
within subscriber premises.
POWERNET: It aims at developing and validating a ‘plug and play’ cognitive broadband over
power-lines (CBPL) communications equipment that meet the regulatory requirements concerning
electromagnetic radiations and can deliver high data rates while using low transmit power spectral
density and working at low signal-to-noise ratio.
Open PLC European Research Alliance: It aims at improving/developing PLC services and system
standardization.
Universal Power-Line Association (UPA): The UPA aligns industry leaders in the global PLC
market to ensure deployment of interoperable and coexisting PLC products to the benefit of
consumers worldwide.
CONCLUSION
PLC is a technique that allows exchange of data by means of electric power supply network that
are presented in every dwelling, office and in every building. In this we came to know about the
application, advantages and disadvantages of PLC technology and gained some idea of the
standards, noise and channel. We hope this paper gives an overall understanding of the topic in
concise and quick way to the reader and researcher in the power line communication. In this we
find PLC is attractive research area many studies are still necessary to be better understand and
improve the performance of power line for high bit rate transmission .

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Arrizky Ayu FP - 2101191004 - Power Line Communication

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Nama: Arrizky Ayu Faradila Purnama

PLC (Power Line Communication)

Home-Plug Power-Line Alliance: It is a global organization consisting of some 65 member

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