FIRST DIVISION

[ G.R. No. 187418, September 28, 2015 ]

RAPID MANPOWER CONSULTANTS, INC., PETITIONER, VS.

EDUARDO P. DE GUZMAN, RESPONDENT.
RESOLUTION

PEREZ, J.:
This Petition for Review on Certiorari[1] seeks to annul the Resolutions dated 8 December
2008[2] and 20 March 2009[3] of the Court of Appeals, Former Fifth Division in CA-G.R. SP
No. 106386 dismissing the case due to the failure of petitioner Rapid Manpower Consultants,
Inc. (Rapid Manpower) to file with the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) a
motion for reconsideration before resorting to a petition for certiorari before the Court of
Appeals.

Respondent Eduardo P. de Guzman (De Guzman) was employed as an air conditioner and
refrigerator technician by Omar Ahmed Bin Bichr in Saudi Arabia, through its agent,
petitioner Rapid Manpower. The parties entered into a 2-year employment contract wherein
De Guzman shall be paid a monthly salary of SR1,500.00. He was deployed from 18 May
2000-18 May 2002.[4]

On 18 September 2002, De Guzman filed a complaint for nonÂpayment of salaries/wages

from October 2001 to June 2002, vacation pay, underpayment of salaries/wages (from
SR1,500 to SR1,300), and travel expenses.[5]

On 16 November 2004, Labor Arbiter Clarito D. Demaala, Jr. rendered a Decision [6] in favor
of De Guzman, the dispositive portion of which provides:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, judgment is hereby rendered ordering
respondents to pay complainant jointly and severally the amount of SR8,000.00 or its
Philippine peso equivalent, representing complainant's underpayment of salaries plus
the amount of SR9,000.00 or its Philippine peso equivalent representing complainant's
unpaid wages from October 2001 to May 2002 plus 10% as attorney's fees.

Other monetary claims are dismissed for lack of merit.[7]

On appeal, the NLRC reversed the Decision of the Labor Arbiter on 18 August 2005. [8]
According to the NLRC, De Guzman failed to substantiate his claim for non-payment and
underpayment of wages.[9]

De Guzman filed a motion for reconsideration [10] from the NLRC's Decision. By holding that
the employer has the burden to prove that he paid the correct wages, the NLRC in its
Resolution[11] dated 24 September 2008 granted the motion for reconsideration filed by De
Guzman and reinstated. the Decision of the Labor Arbiter. [12]
Aggrieved, Rapid Manpower filed a petition for certiorari with prayer for issuance of
Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) and/or Writ of Preliminary Injunction before the Court
of Appeals.[13]

On 8 December 2008, the Court of Appeals rendered its Resolution [14] dismissing the petition
on the ground of failure on the part of Rapid Manpower to file a motion for reconsideration
of the 24 September 2008 Resolution of the NLRC granting De Guzman's motion for
reconsideration.

Rapid Manpower moved for reconsideration but it was denied in a Resolution dated 20
March 2009.[15]

Hence, Rapid Manpower filed this petition for review raising the following errors committed
by the Court of Appeals:
I.

IN DISMISSING ITS PETITION ON THE GROUND OF ITS SUPPOSED FAILURE

TO FILE A MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION BEFORE PUBLIC
RESPONDENT NLRC ON ITS RESOLUTION DATED SEPTEMBER 24, 2008

II.

BY DISMISSING ITS PETITION, IN EFFECT UPHOLDING THE ERRONEOUS

DECISIONS AND/OR RESOLUTIONS OF PUBLIC RESPONDENTS IN RULING
THAT PRIVATE RESPONDENT IS ENTITLED TO HIS CLAIM OF UNPAID
AND/OR UNDERPAYMENT OF SALARIES

III.

BY DISMISSING ITS PETITION, IN EFFECT UPHOLDING THE ERRONEOUS

DECISIONS AND/OR RESOLUTIONS OF PUBLIC RESPONDENTS IN RULING
THAT PRIVATE RESPONDENT IS ENTITLED TO ATTORNEY'S FEES

IV.

BY DISMISSING ITS PETITION, IN EFFECT UPHOLDING THE ERRONEOUS

DECISIONS AND/OR RESOLUTIONS OF PUBLIC RESPONDENTS THAT
BESILDA I. FELIPE BE HELD JOINTLY AND SEVERALLY LIABLE FOR THE
MONETARY CLAIMS OF PRIVATE RESPONDENT[16]

Rapid Manpower submits that the Court of Appeals had at times given due course to a
petition for certiorari even if no motion for reconsideration had been filed where substantial
issues were raised and there was substantial compliance with the requirements for filing of
the petition.[17] Rapid Manpower explains that it honestly believed that NLRC would no
longer have any reason to deviate from its latest findings considering that the findings are in
the motion for reconsideration filed by De Guzman. [18] Rapid Manpower then argues that
there is no factual nor legal basis in awarding the claim for underpayment and/or unpaid
salaries because the burden to prove underpayment and non-payment rests on the employee
alleging it. Rapid Manpower claims that De Guzman failed to substantiate his claims. It avers
that the award of attorney's fees likewise has no factual and legal justification. Finally, Rapid
Manpower maintains that Besilda Felipe, being the general manager of Rapid Manpower,
cannot be held personally accountable for any liability which may arise from De Guzman's
employment overseas.[19]

The principal issue in this case is whether the petition for certiorari before the Court of
Appeals should be dismissed for failure to file a motion for reconsideration before the NLRC.
As a general rule, a motion for reconsideration is an indispensable condition before an
aggrieved party can resort to the special civil action for certiorari under Rule 65 of the Rules
of Court. The rationale for the rule is that the law intends to afford the NLRC an opportunity
to rectify such errors or mistakes it may have committed before resort to courts of justice can
be had.[20] However, jurisprudence allows exceptions to the rule in the following cases:
a) where the order is a patent nullity, as where the court a quo has no jurisdiction;

b) where the questions raised in the certiorari proceedings have been duly raised and
passed upon by the lower court, or are the same as those raised and passed upon in the
lower court;

c) where there is an urgent necessity for the resolution of the question and any further delay
would prejudice the interests of the Government or of the petitioner or the subject matter
of the petition is perishable;

d) where, under the circumstances, a motion for reconsideration would be useless;

e) where petitioner was deprived of due process and there is extreme urgency for relief;

f) where, in a criminal case, relief from an order of arrest is urgent and the granting of such
relief by the trial court is improbable;

g) where the proceedings in the lower court are a nullity for lack of due process;

h) where the proceeding was ex parte or in which the petitioner had no opportunity to
object; and

i) where the issue raised is one purely of law or public interest is involved.[21]
The second exception applies in the instant case. The NLRC, in its 24 September 2008
Resolution was given the opportunity to reevaluate its findings and reconsider its ruling when
De Guzman himself filed a motion for reconsideration assailing the 18 August 2005 NLRC
resolution denying his monetary claims. The issues raised in the certiorari proceedings are
similar to those passed upon and considered by the NLRC.

Furthermore, the issue raised is not exactly novel. This very same issue was set forth in the
case of Abraham v. NLRC[22] which is in all fours with this case. In said case, Abraham filed a
complaint for illegal dismissal against respondent Philippine Institute of Technical Education
(PITE). The Labor Arbiter dismissed the complaint for lack of merit. The NLRC initially
reversed the ruling of the Labor Arbiter. But when respondent moved for reconsideration, the
NLRC granted the motion and reinstated the order of dismissal by the Labor Arbiter.
Abraham directly filed a petition for certiorari before the Court of Appeals. The appellate
court dismissed Abraham's petition on the ground that she failed to file a motion for
reconsideration of the Resolution of the NLRC reconsidering its previous Resolution. The
appellate court held that the filing of a motion for reconsideration is a condition sine qua non
before a petition for certiorari may be given due course. We reversed the appellate court on
this point. We ruled that "the NLRC was already given the opportunity to review its ruling
and correct itself when the respondent filed its motion for reconsideration of the NLRC's
initial ruling in favor of petitioner. In fact, it granted the motion for reconsideration filed by
the respondent and reversed its previous ruling and reinstated the decision of the Labor
Arbiter dismissing the complaint of the petitioner. It would be an exercise in futility to
require the petitioner to file a motion for reconsideration since the very issues raised in the
petition for certiorari, i.e. whether or not the petitioner was constructively dismissed by the
respondent and whether or not she was entitled to her money claims, were already duly
passed upon and resolved by the NLRC. Thus the NLRC had more than one opportunity to
resolve the issues of the case and in fact reversed itself upon a reconsideration. It is highly
improbable or unlikely under the circumstances that the Commission would reverse or set
aside its resolution granting a reconsideration."[23]

We apply said ruling in the case under consideration. The NLRC Resolution subject of the
petition for certiorari was in response to a motion for reconsideration filed by De Guzman.
To require Rapid Manpower to file another motion for reconsideration would be futile
because the very issues raised in the motion for reconsideration had already been evaluated
by the NLRC.

Based on the foregoing, we remand the case to the Court of Appeals to give it the opportunity
to pass upon the factual issues raised in this case.

WHEREFORE, the twin Resolutions of the Court of Appeals dated 8 December 2008 and
20 March 2009 in CA-G.R. SP No. 106386 dismissing the petition for certiorari filed by
Rapid Manpower Consultants, Inc. are hereby REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The case is
remanded to the Court of Appeals for further proceedings.

SO ORDERED.

Sereno, C. J., (Chairperson), Leonardo-De Castro, Bersamin, and Jardeleza,* JJ., concur.

* Acting Member per Special Order No. 2188 dated 16 September 2015.
[1]
Rollo, pp. 3-20.

Id. at 21-22; Penned by Associate Justice Remedios A. Salazar-Fernando with Associate

[2]

Justices Rosalinda Asuncion-Vicente and Ramon M. Bato, Jr. concurring.

[3]
Id. at 25-28.
[4]
Id. at 71.
[5]
Id.
[6]
Id. at 53-58.
[7]
Id. at 57-58.
[8]
Id. at 70-73.
[9]
Id. at 72-73.
[10]
Id. at 74-85.
[11]
Id. at 86-89.
[12]
Id. at 88.
[13]
Id. at 90-108.
[14]
Id. at 21-22.
[15]
Id. at 25-28.
[16]
Id. at 6.
[17]
Id. at 10.
[18]
Id.
[19]
Id. at 11-17.

Republic v. Pantranco North Express, G.R. No. 178593, 15 February 2012, 666 SCRA
[20]

199, 205-206 citing Audi v. Mejia, 555 Phil. 348, 353 (2007); Sim v. NLRC, 560 Phil. 762,
768 (2007).
[21]
Id.
[22]
406 Phil. 310 (2001).
[23]
Id. at 317.
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