SHZF - SCR Manual
SHZF - SCR Manual
SHZF - SCR Manual
15-225 Amperes
Two/Three-phase
Zero-fired
Number: 9100041
Revision 2
For the support representative nearest you, please call Ametek HDR Power Systems main office at (614)-308-
5500.
2015 by Ametek HDR Power Systems. No portion of this document may be reproduced either mechanically or electronically without the
prior consent of Ametek HDR Power Systems.
SHZF2/SHZF3 SCR Power Controller Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Par. Title Page
ILLUSTRATIONS
TABLES
Table 1.1 SHZF2 and SHZF3 Model Number Breakdown ............................................................................... 3
Table 1.2 General Specifications of SHZF2/SHZF3Models ............................................................................ 4
Table 3.1 Wire Size Information ........................................................................................................................ 7
Table 3.2 Transformer Voltage Wiring ........................................................................................................... 10
Table 3.3 Current Transformer Turns ............................................................................................................ 10
Table 5.1 Unbalance DIP Switch Settings...................................................................................................... 19
Table 6.1 Variable-Time-Base Relationship (Example) ................................................................................ 21
Table 7.1 Troubleshooting Chart (Symptoms and Solutions) ..................................................................... 25
Table 7.2 Torque Specifications ..................................................................................................................... 25
Table 8.1 SHZF2 Spare Parts List ................................................................................................................... 28
Table 8.2 SHZF3 Spare Parts List ................................................................................................................... 29
Table 8.3 SHZF2/SHZF3 Drawing List ............................................................................................................ 30
WARNING
Observe all warnings and cautions in this manual. Failure to do so may result in serious injury or death.
Refer all service to properly trained and qualified service personnel. Never work alone.
Lethal voltages exist on exposed heat sinks even if the power controller is turned off. Remove power and lock
out power before attempting any service.
An appropriate branch circuit fused disconnect or circuit breaker with this Power Controller is required to
ensure the safety of operating personnel.
CAUTION
HAZARDOUS VOLTAGES exist at the Power Controller Load, AT ALL TIMES, when input voltage is
connected. This condition exists even when the Power Controller is set to deliver zero output.
Printed circuit boards contain sensitive components that can be damaged by electrostatic discharge (ESD).
Observe precautions for handling electrostatic sensitive devices. Reference Maintenance and Troubleshooting
(Chapter 7) of this manual for details
In case of fire, use a dry chemical fire extinguisher to put out the fire. Using a liquid fire extinguisher may
cause electric shock.
The SCR Power Controller makes use of components dangerous for the environment (electronic printed circuit
boards, electronic components). The components removed must be taken to specialized collection and
disposal centers.
CHAPTER 1 - Description
1.2 Application
Zero-Fired SCR Power Controls provide control of three-phase power by the switching action of two
SCRs connected back to back in each controlled phase. By switching at the zero crossing point, RFI
(Radio Frequency Interference) is virtually eliminated. Zero-Fired controllers are versatile enough to
be used in place of mechanical contactors and mercury relays on dryers, kilns, ovens, environmental
chambers, extruders, and most other applications where resistive heating elements are used. Normal
Zero-Fired SCR Power Controllers should never be used on inductive loads.
1.3 Operation
The SHZF2/SHZF3 accomplishes power control by the switching action of a pair of inverse-parallel
power SCRs. The switching, or gating, of the SCRs is controlled by a digital firing control circuit
synchronized “in phase” with line frequency (either 50 or 60 Hz). The output may be adjusted by the
on-board multi-turn potentiometers or by a voltage or current signal from a process controller. ZERO
and SPAN controls allow the user to calibrate the SCR unit's output to the process command signal.
Terminals are available for connection of a remote manual potentiometer.
1.4 Specification
Specifications for the SHZF2/SHZF3 SCR power controller are given in Tables 1.1 and 1.2.
NOTE: The SHZF2/SHZF3should be tested or operated with an adequate load since an open output will have
line voltage at the load connections.
CHAPTER 2 - Options
The load unbalance required to trigger an alarm is switch selectable and may be quickly reconfigured
in the field. Typical usage requires no field calibration, although precision trimming adjustments are
included to enhance the circuit’s sensitivity if small current unbalances are to be detected under
controlled conditions. Five light emitting diodes (LEDs) are provided to give a visual indication of the
board’s operation.
If Option SF and UB are provided, Option UB is mounted externally, reference Unbalance Alarm
Manual. CTs are mounted externally and shipped separately.
CHAPTER 3 - Installation
A ground wire is required for proper operation. Use a 10 AWG or larger wire.
NOTICE
Use copper conductors rated 75 ºC minimum for all model current ratings.
The SHZF2/SHZF3is not phase-rotation insensitive. That is, three-phase input power
can be connected in any sequence to terminals L1, L2, and L3, and will not cause an
out-of-phase condition.
The fuses included are NOT meant for over current protection, separate branch circuit protection is
required.
WARNING
Branch circuit overcurrent protection required is to be provided in
accordance with the national and local codes of the inspecting authority.
On the “internal” side of the ZF2/ZF3, the wire from L2 should connect to the appropriate tap of
transformer T1, depending on the line voltage to be used. Check the T1 connection by opening the
SHZF2/SHZF3cover; T1 terminal voltages are clearly marked. Reference Chapter 3.7.
The SHZF2/SHZF3 terminals available for the 120 Vac fan connections are shown Figure 3.1 and in
the schematic at the rear of this manual.
CAUTION
The application of fan power should precede, or coincide with, the turn-on of
the line voltage source that is to be controlled by the disconnect. How this is
accomplished and ensured is up to the customer.
If desired, normally-closed (N.C.) contacts may be substituted for the normally-open (standard). Heat
sink thermostats are optional on units with current ratings lower than 90 amperes and can be ordered
with either N.O. or N.C. contacts.
21 22 23 24
All units are equipped with DIP switches, select “isolated” position for a 4-20 mA command signal and
“non-isolated” for a voltage input such as 0-10 V dc. See Figure 3.2.
The isolated input works best with an offset Command Signal such as 4-20 mA; however, it will work
with both offset and zero based Command Signals. Zero based Command Signals may have a small
amount of non-linearity (input to output) at the low end. This should not be a problem on closed loop
systems.
WARNING
Voltage changeover should be performed by qualified personnel only.
Always remove power and properly lock out power to the unit before
attempting any service.
Using the system schematic (located in the Appendix) as reference, perform the voltage changeover
procedure as follows.
1. Open the SCR power controller, and locate transformer T1. The primary side of T1 transformer
will contain two wires (one black, the other white and black). Refer to Figure 3.3.
2. Unsolder the Black/White wire on T1 from the voltage tap, and resolder it to the tap desired, as
shown in Table 3.2. Route the wires so that they are physically located under the transformer
terminals.
3. Close the unit, and apply line power. The unit is now ready for operation on the line voltage
selected. It is a good idea to identify the unit with a label or tag, noting that SHZF2/SHZF3 has
been modified for line voltage other than what it was specified for. This may prevent accidental
use on an incorrect line voltage in the future.
3.8 Options
UB Option, if ordered by the customer, has been installed and set up at the factory. However, the
current transformers (CTs) are shipped loose, they should be placed on the load lines when the load
lines are connected (first step in Chapter 3.2), and wired as indicated on the schematic (located in the
Appendix A) with the number of turns on Table 3.3.
Phase 1 CT connects to terminals 51 and 52; Phase 2 CT connects to terminals 53 and 54, and Phase
3 CT connects to terminals 55 and 56. Reference schematic in Appendix.
CHAPTER 4 - Operation
4.1 General
This Chapter provides information necessary for proper setup and operation of various methods used
to control the SHZF2/SHZF3.
Command Signal Indicator - The Command Signal Indicator is a green Light Emitting Diode (LED)
located on the front cover of the unit. The brilliance of this LED will change with a current Command
Signal. The brilliance increases with an increased Command Signal and decreases with a decreased
Command Signal. The LED will not function with a voltage or manual input.
Blown Fuse Indicator - The Blown Fuse Indicators are yellow Light Emitting Diodes (LED) located on
the front cover of the unit. There is one LED for each phase. Switches on each fuse controls the LED.
d. Adjust the ZERO control CW until the output just turns on, then turn the ZERO control CCW just to
the point where the output voltage reading is zero.
e. Set the Process controller to demand 100% output. Observing the voltmeter, adjust SPAN CW
just to the point where the reading is below the maximum output voltage. Then adjust SPAN CW
just to the point where the meter reading is at maximum.
Note: The output voltage measurement on Zero Fired Power Controllers with a digital voltmeter
will be erratic except at full output. This is due to the variable pulses to regulate the output.
f. Repeat steps 4.3d and 4.3e as necessary, to ensure proper control adjustments have been made.
g. Turn off the line power to the SHZF2/SHZF3 and disconnect the test equipment. The
SHZF2/SHZF3is now ready for automatic operation.
a. With the power to the SHZF2/SHZF3 turned off, connect the potentiometer as shown in Figure 4.3.
The CW position is the full power output position. Terminal TB1-5 is internally connected to a
positive dc voltage source.
b. Connect a voltmeter across terminals X1 and X3 of the SHZF2/SHZF3. Set the voltmeter range to
measure the full output voltage.
c. Set the SPAN control and remote potentiometer fully CCW.
d. Close the fused disconnect or circuit breaker to apply power to the SHZF2/SHZF3. The unit
should be energized, with no output.
e. Adjust the ZERO control CW until the output just turns on, then turn the ZERO control CCW just to
the point where the output voltage reading is zero.
f. Set the SPAN control and remote potentiometer fully CW. The output should be full-on.
g. Observe the voltmeter and slowly adjust the SPAN control CCW, just to the point where the output
voltage reading is at maximum.
h. If necessary, readjust ZERO with remote potentiometer fully CCW and SPAN control and remote
potentiometer fully CW.
i. Turn off the line power to the SHZF2/SHZF3 and disconnect the test equipment.
With the power to the PF1 turned off, connect the switch, potentiometer, and controller as shown in
Figure 4.4 and remove jumper from terminal TB1-7 and TB1-8. Install the AUTO/MAN switch in the
same general location as the remote manual potentiometer. Note that the full CW position of the
potentiometer is the full-power-output position.
Place the AUTO/MAN switch to AUTO and calibrate the system as described in steps 4.3b through
4.3g.
WARNING
This method of control is not to be used with isolated inputs!
With the SHZF2/SHZF3configured for non-isolated inputs and the power to the SHZF2/SHZF3 turned
off, connect the system as shown in Figure 4.5. A closed contact will turn on (enable) the
SHZF2/SHZF3.
4.7 Shutdown
When it is necessary to shutdown or disable the output, it is a simple matter. Connect a dry contact
closure between terminals 3 and 4 of the firing circuit as shown in Figure 4.6. A closed contact will
disable the SHZF2/SHZF3 output.
JUMPER
+IN +12V
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TB1
K Controller
Calibrate the system by performing the steps in 4.3. Note that zero power demand is accomplished by
closing the contacts with the controller, and maximum power demand is present when the contacts are
open.
If the lower two currents are above the selected setpoint, then all three green LEDs will be on,
indicating a normal condition, and the red alarm LED and relay will not be energized.
Since current must be present to determine whether the three currents are equal, the alarm must be
disabled when the controller approaches very low power levels. When the highest current falls below
15 to 20% of the current transformer’s rating, the alarm is disabled, the amber “Insufficient Current”
LED lights, the red LED and relay are disabled and the status of the green LEDs is indeterminate.
Selecting an appropriate percentage of load unbalance using the DIP switches is the only setting most
users will ever need to make and might best be illustrated by the following example.
EXAMPLE
To estimate the exact function of the circuit, assume that the exact currents on
the three legs are 100 amps, 99.5 amps, and 99 amps (using a precise, true RMS
meter). The circuit will select the highest current, 100 amps, and compute 87.5%
of that value, or 87.5% amps. If one element of the 99.5 amp leg opens, the
current on that leg will fall to about 74.6 amps. Since this will be below the 87.5
amps alarm setpoint, the circuit will signal an alarm condition. The actual current
on the low leg that will trigger an alarm can always be calculated by measuring
the three leg currents and multiplying the highest current by the percentage
selected by the DIP switch. The circuit constantly recalculates the allowable
current unbalance. If the command signal drops so that the highest current is 50
amps, the allowable low current would be 87.5% of 50 amps, or 43.75 amps. If
one of the four heating elements fails, the current on that leg will fall to about 37.5
amps (75% of 50 amps) and the alarm will be activated.
Five diagnostic indicators are provided on the Unbalance Alarm to help determine the status of the
load unbalance board. There are three green LEDs, one amber LED and one red LED. The three
green LEDs indicate the three phase currents are above the alarm setpoint, the amber LED indicates
that the line currents are insufficient to determine a load failure and the red LED indicates the alarm
condition. Each LED is labeled on the board.
The relay output is on terminals 58 (N.O.), 59 (Common) and 60 (N.C.) as shown in Figure 4.7. The
relay is energized on alarm.
Typically the SCR Shorted Alarm board is a piggy-back board on the Unbalance Alarm and does not
require any calibration. The Shorted SCR Alarm can be used with or without the Unbalance Alarm
Number of
Equal % Current Drop if
Elements one Leg Opens % Switch Used
1 100% 50%
2 50% 75%
3 33.3% 75 or 87.5%
4 25% 87.5%
5 20% 90%
6 16.7% 90 or 92.5%
7 14.3% 92.5%
8 12.5% 92.5%
9 11.1% 95%
10 10% 95%
Notice in the above chart that the drop in current and the needed alarm setpoint approaches 100% as
the number of elements increase. You must be aware that there are a number of factors that could
cause a current unbalance, or perceived unbalance, apart from the actual loss of one heating element.
Those factors may be actual current unbalances caused by the physical realities of the application, or
errors in measurement.
Actual current unbalances always exist. Since 3-phase power controllers turn on each leg for identical
amounts of time, the voltage output unbalance will track any line voltage unbalance. Better controllers
compensate for average line voltage fluctuations, but not voltage unbalances. If there is a 5%
unbalance in line voltages, the voltage output of the controller will have a 5% unbalance; and since
current is directly proportional to voltage (with identical load impedances), the output currents will have
a 5% unbalance. This factor alone is one of the most significant when one considers how many
heating elements to monitor with one unbalance alarm circuit. The line voltages may be fairly well
balanced at one part of the day when the alarm is originally tested, but you must take into
consideration the maximum line voltage unbalance over a period of days, weeks and months.
The actual resistances of all of the heating elements must be considered. How well matched are the
resistances when new? How much change will occur with age and when new elements are combined
with old at a later time? How much change is created if equal elements are operated with equal
voltages, but at different temperatures (due to unequal thermal load)?
The above factors are dominant, but some additional error will always be introduced by any measuring
circuit. The absolute accuracy and linearity of the current transformers and the measuring electronics
used will introduce some error.
Under fixed conditions, all types of errors can be trimmed out using the three gain potentiometers, P1,
P2 and P3. The output of the three true RMS converters can be measured using a precise DC digital
meter at test points TP1, TP2 and TP3 referenced to circuit common (terminal 64). Since the current
is represented by a DC voltage at this point, any precision DC meter can be used. When a 5 amp
current transformer is operating at full load on each input, the voltage at each test point will be about
3.01 Vdc. If there is any difference in this voltage, it can be trimmed out by increasing the gain of the
two lower signals to match the highest signal. The potentiometers allow an increase of up to 16% on
the measured signal. Under the most controlled conditions, the circuit could be used up to the
maximum switch setting of 97.5%.
NOTE
Under normal usage, the gain potentiometers, P1, P2 and P3, should always be fully
counter-clockwise. On a new board, always verify that the potentiometers are full
counter-clockwise when setting the DIP switches. Only adjust these potentiometers if
you are measuring the test points and trimming out current errors under controlled
conditions.
If you are only using 3 or 4 heating elements per leg, these factors are less significant compared to the
large current change when one heater opens. As the number of heaters increase, it becomes
increasingly important to consider all of these factors.
If you are attempting to monitor a large number of heaters using a very sensitive setting, the above
factors could either cause a false alarm, or prevent the loss of one heater element from being
detected.
CHAPTER 6 - Theory
The SCR is either on or off and conducts in one direction when turned on. Because the SCR only
conducts in one direction, two SCR’s are connected in “inverse parallel” configuration, Figure 6.1. A
small gate signal is applied to turn on the SCR. Once the SCR is turned on, it will remain On until the
current through the SCR goes below the holding current level.
SCR-A
LINE LOAD
SCR-B
For 50% power, the time required to describe the operation of the variable-time-base would be the
period of two cycles – one cycle on and one cycle off. Hence the time-base of the
SHZF2/SHZF3would be the period of two cycles for 50% power and four cycles for 75% power. The
time-base varies for other power levels as well, so its period is always that of a whole number of
cycles. This theoretical relationship is shown in Table 6.1. It may not appear precisely as indicated
when the output is viewed with an oscilloscope, as other factors such as voltage feedback may be
occurring.
An important consideration is that, for discrete cycles of output, the “off” time is the minimum possible
for any specific power demand (see above). This reduces thermal shock to the load and thus extends
load element life. Of equal importance, variable-time-base firing provides excellent control resolution
and fast response, and the circuit design facilitates accurate voltage regulation. The lowest shock
factor the load is achieved at 50% output (one cycle on, one cycle off).
The SPAN control is used as a final adjustment to set the SHZF2/SHZF3 output to precisely 100%,
when the principal control device (external controller, external “manual” control or ZERO
potentiometer) is set to demand 100% output.
6.8 Shut-down
The shutdown circuit provides a quick SCR shutdown signal. This is accomplished via a customer
provided contact across terminal 3 and terminal 4. This removes the input signal to the comparator
that tells the circuit when to gate the SCRs on. It also instantaneously turns off the SCR gating pulses.
CHAPTER 7 – Troubleshooting
a. No output.
b. Full output at all times, with no change resulting from a control signal change.
c. Output variable from some intermediate value to maximum, but cannot be brought to zero.
d. Output variable from zero to some intermediate value, but cannot be brought to maximum.
The symptoms listed may be caused by one or more of the following: an environmental problem,
faulty input-power or load connections, and the SHZF2/SHZF3 itself. These possible causes should
be investigated as described in Chapters 7.4 through 7.6.
ATTENTION
Printed circuit boards contain sensitive components that can be damaged
by electrostatic discharge (ESD). Observe precautions for handling
electrostatic sensitive devices.
If troubleshooting indicates a need to replace a component on a printed circuit board or possibly the
entire board, measures to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage must be taken.
a. ALWAYS wear a wrist strap connected to ground through a 1-megohm resistor when working on
printed circuit boards.
b. Use soldering iron with a grounded tip.
c. Use a non-static solder sucker (metallic) or solder removal braid.
d. Transport static sensitive components in static shielding bags or rails. A new printed circuit board
should be treated as a static sensitive device. A part completely installed on a board does not
make the part static-safe.
e. If possible, perform printed circuit board maintenance at a work station that has a conductive
covering which is grounded through a 1-megohm resistor. If a conductive table top is unavailable,
a clean steel or aluminum table top is an excellent substitute.
f. Keep plastic, vinyl, Styrofoam or other non-conductive materials away from printed circuit boards.
They are good static generators that do not give up their charge easily.
g. Return goods to Ametek HDR Power Systems in static-safe packaging. This will limit further
component damage from ESD.
h. CAUTION. Do not touch any printed circuit board unless you are wearing a ground wrist strap, as
circuit damage may occur. Grounding kits are also available commercially and can be purchased
through most electronic wholesalers.
CHAPTER 8 - Service
If you are experiencing downtime or other critical circumstances during our off-hours (see above), and
wish to telephone us, please inform our Answering Service operator of the nature and degree of your
problem. In such cases the operator is authorized to call Ametek HDR Power Systems Service. We
cannot, however, guarantee that service assistance will be available at any given off-hour time.
When we are reached by phone, our first step will be to give you over-the-phone assistance at no
charge. If the problem cannot be resolved by phone we will arrange for service at your site or by
shipment to Ametek HDR Power System, as you request. We will make every possible attempt to
support your emergency, on-site needs, regardless of how contacted.
The listed SCR current ratings are the half-wave average values. The calculation for half-wave
average value is nameplate current times 0.45.
9.1 Warranty
WARRANTY
AMETEK HDR warrants that the equipment delivered will be free from defects in workmanship and
material for a period of five years from the date of shipment. AMETEK HDR will repair or replace, at
AMETEK HDR's option, any part found defective during proper and normal use, provided that written
notice of the nature of the defect is received by AMETEK HDR within the five year warranty period and
that the customer returns the part to AMETEK HDR freight paid both ways. This warranty is not
transferable by the initial end user.
Prepay the shipment and include the following information if you are not using an Ametek HDR Power
Systems Return Repair Tag: the Repair Material Authorization (RMA) number, part number, a
description of the problem, contact phone number, a technical contact phone number (if different) and
any additional comments. Put the Repair Material Authorization (RMA) number on the label.
Warranty Repairs: In addition to securing Repair Material Authorization (RMA) number, please supply
the System Serial number (found on the Power Controller).
Non-Warranty Repairs: Secure a Repair Material Authorization (RMA) number from Ametek HDR
Power Systems. The price for exchange or repair will be quoted when the unit can be evaluated.
Once determined a quote will be provide, please include your hard copy purchase order (PO) for this
amount, or fax your PO directly to the Sales Department at (614) 308-5506. Expedited services are
available upon request.
APPENDIX
Appendix A – SHZF2 System Schematic
EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
WE: AMETEK HDR POWER SYSTEMS
503 Lakeview Plaza Blvd, Ste C
Worthington, Ohio, 43085 - USA
Declare under our sole responsibility that the products listed below and bearing the CE label:
Type: SCR power controllers with the following model designations and current ratings:
ZF1, ZF2, ZF3, PF1, PF3 - 15, 25, 40, 60, 70, 90, 120,
180, 225, 350, 500, 650, 800, 1000 and 1200A.
SHZF1, SHPF1 - 15, 30, 40, 60, 70, 90 and 120A
SHZF2, SHZF3, SHPF3 - 15, 25, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 225A
SCZF1, SCPF1 - 15, 25, 40 and 65A
All applicable options
To which this declaration relates is in conformity with the technical requirements of the following
documents:
Warning
All phase-fired (PF) controllers will require line filters and possibly
shielded cables to meet the EMC requirements.
Signature: