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    Fourier Series Basic Results

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    nctgayaranga
    The document defines Fourier series and Fourier polynomials. Fourier polynomials are finite trigonometric expressions that are periodic functions. The document presents integral formulas for Fourier polynomials and proves a theorem relating Fourier polynomials to periodic functions. It then defines the Fourier series associated with a periodic function f(x) as an infinite trigonometric series. Examples are provided of finding the Fourier series for various periodic functions.

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    Fourier Series Basic Results

    Uploaded by

    nctgayaranga
    26 views8 pages
    The document defines Fourier series and Fourier polynomials. Fourier polynomials are finite trigonometric expressions that are periodic functions. The document presents integral formulas for Fourier polynomials and proves a theorem relating Fourier polynomials to periodic functions. It then defines the Fourier series associated with a periodic function f(x) as an infinite trigonometric series. Examples are provided of finding the Fourier series for various periodic functions.

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    Fourier Series basic results

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    The document defines Fourier series and Fourier polynomials. Fourier polynomials are finite trigonometric expressions that are periodic functions. The document presents integral formulas for Fourier polynomials and proves a theorem relating Fourier polynomials to periodic functions. It then defines the Fourier series associated with a periodic function f(x) as an infinite trigonometric series. Examples are provided of finding the Fourier series for various periodic functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    26 views8 pages

    Fourier Series Basic Results

    Uploaded by

    nctgayaranga
    The document defines Fourier series and Fourier polynomials. Fourier polynomials are finite trigonometric expressions that are periodic functions. The document presents integral formulas for Fourier polynomials and proves a theorem relating Fourier polynomials to periodic functions. It then defines the Fourier series associated with a periodic function f(x) as an infinite trigonometric series. Examples are provided of finding the Fourier series for various periodic functions.

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    You are on page 1of 8

    Recall that the mathematical expression

    is called a Fourier series.


    Since this expression deals with convergence, we start by defining a similar
    expression when the sum is finite.

    Definition. A Fourier polynomial is an expression of the form

    which may rewritten as

    The constants a0, ai and bi, , are called the coefficients of Fn(x).

    The Fourier polynomials are -periodic functions. Using the trigonometric


    identities

    we can easily prove the integral formulas


    (1)

    for , we have
    (2)
    for m et n, we have

    (3)

    for , we have

    (4)

    for , we have

    Using the above formulas, we can easily deduce the following result:

    Theorem. Let

    We have

    This theorem helps associate a Fourier series to any -periodic function.


    Definition. Let f(x) be a -periodic function which is integrable on .
    Set

    The trigonometric series

    is called the Fourier series associated to the function f(x). We will use the
    notation

    Example. Find the Fourier series of the function

    Answer. Since f(x) is odd, then an = 0, for . We turn our attention to the

    coefficients bn. For any , we have

    We deduce

    Hence
    Example. Find the Fourier series of the function

    Answer. We have

    and

    We obtain b2n = 0 and

    Therefore, the Fourier series of f(x) is


    Example. Find the Fourier series of the function function

    Answer. Since this function is the function of the example above minus the

    constant . So Therefore, the Fourier series of f(x) is


    Remark. We defined the Fourier series for functions which are -periodic,
    one would wonder how to define a similar notion for functions which are L-
    periodic.

    Assume that f(x) is defined and integrable on the interval [-L,L]. Set

    The function F(x) is defined and integrable on . Consider the Fourier


    series of F(x)

    Using the substitution , we obtain the following definition:

    Definition. Let f(x) be a function defined and integrable on [-L,L]. The Fourier
    series of f(x) is

    where
    for .

    Example. Find the Fourier series of

    Answer. Since L = 2, we obtain

    for . Therefore, we have

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