Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 105 views

    Fatigue Test and Wave Propagation Experiment: ME220: Materials Laboratory

    Uploaded by

    ShubhamMaheshwari
    This document discusses two experiments in the ME220 Materials Laboratory course: [1] a fatigue test using a rotating beam fatigue test machine to generate an S-N curve and determine the endurance limit, and [2] a wave propagation experiment to measure sound speed in a material and calculate its Young's modulus. Key concepts covered include fatigue loading and failure mechanisms, how mean and alternating stresses affect fatigue life, and how surface treatments like shot-peening can increase fatigue life. Terminology such as stress range, alternating stress and mean stress are also defined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Fatigue Test and Wave Propagation Experiment: ME220: Materials Laboratory

    Uploaded by

    ShubhamMaheshwari
    105 views15 pages
    This document discusses two experiments in the ME220 Materials Laboratory course: [1] a fatigue test using a rotating beam fatigue test machine to generate an S-N curve and determine the endurance limit, and [2] a wave propagation experiment to measure sound speed in a material and calculate its Young's modulus. Key concepts covered include fatigue loading and failure mechanisms, how mean and alternating stresses affect fatigue life, and how surface treatments like shot-peening can increase fatigue life. Terminology such as stress range, alternating stress and mean stress are also defined.

    Original Description:

    Fatigue test and Wave propogation Lab

    Original Title

    fatiguetest_and_wave_propagtion_sum20

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses two experiments in the ME220 Materials Laboratory course: [1] a fatigue test using a rotating beam fatigue test machine to generate an S-N curve and determine the endurance limit, and [2] a wave propagation experiment to measure sound speed in a material and calculate its Young's modulus. Key concepts covered include fatigue loading and failure mechanisms, how mean and alternating stresses affect fatigue life, and how surface treatments like shot-peening can increase fatigue life. Terminology such as stress range, alternating stress and mean stress are also defined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    105 views15 pages

    Fatigue Test and Wave Propagation Experiment: ME220: Materials Laboratory

    Uploaded by

    ShubhamMaheshwari
    This document discusses two experiments in the ME220 Materials Laboratory course: [1] a fatigue test using a rotating beam fatigue test machine to generate an S-N curve and determine the endurance limit, and [2] a wave propagation experiment to measure sound speed in a material and calculate its Young's modulus. Key concepts covered include fatigue loading and failure mechanisms, how mean and alternating stresses affect fatigue life, and how surface treatments like shot-peening can increase fatigue life. Terminology such as stress range, alternating stress and mean stress are also defined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 15

    ME220 : Materials Laboratory

    Fatigue Test
    and
    Wave Propagation Experiment

    Prof. Jow Ding

    Summer 2020
    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    Fatigue Loading:
    A repetitive loading occurring at a stress level below material’s
    yield strength or ultimate strength
    Examples:
    • Rotation of shaft leads to repetitive loading
    • Shafts and axles often have stepped geometry to
    accommodate power transmission components
    such as gears or pulleys. This sudden changes in
    cross section create stress concentration and are
    potential spots for fatigue failure.

    (a) Ground loads on the wings.


    (b) Distribution of the wing bending moment induced by the ground
    load.
    (c) Stress in the lower wing induced by the ground and flight loads.
    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    Why is fatigue study important?

    90% of structural failure is due to fatigue.


    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    Terminology related to fatigue loading

    ∆𝜎𝜎 = 𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 stress range


    ∆𝜎𝜎
    𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎 = alternating stress
    2

    𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 +𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
    𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚 = mean stress
    2

    Stress fluctuates around the mean stress with an amplitude


    equal to alternating stress
    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    Fatigue Test: rotating beam fatigue test machine

    S: maximum bending stress


    𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
    𝑆𝑆 = M: bending moment
    𝐼𝐼 I: moment of inertia
    r: radius of the sample

    S=0

    S = Mr/I

    S=0

    Specimen is like a
    S = - Mr/I
    rotating cantilever beam
    Notice that the mean stress is zero in this test
    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    S-N curve and endurance limit Se

    Raw data to be collected:


    For each imposed S, record the number of cycles (N) to failure
    Analysis of the data:
    • Plot log S vs log N to get the S-N curve.
    • Identify the endurance limit Se

    Se : maximum alternating stress that can be applied


    under zero mean stress without causing fatigue failure.
    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    Approximation of S-N curve

    Su : ultimate tensile strength

    N = 103 : 0.9 Su ; N = 106 : 0.5 Su

    Implication: Se can be estimated as half of the ultimate strength


    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    Effect of mean stress and fatigue design

    𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎 𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚
    Goodman line: Based on ultimate tensile strength Su: + =1
    𝑆𝑆𝑒𝑒 𝑆𝑆𝑢𝑢
    𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎 𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚
    Soderberg line: Based on yield strength Sy: + =1
    𝑆𝑆𝑒𝑒 𝑆𝑆𝑦𝑦
    𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎 , 𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚 ∶ applied stresses

    𝑆𝑆𝑒𝑒 , 𝑆𝑆𝑢𝑢 , 𝑆𝑆𝑦𝑦 ∶ material properties


    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    Fatigue failure characteristics:

    Fracture surface of a shaft due to


    fatigue failure
    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    Fatigue failure characteristics:

    Fatigue loading with constant amplitude

    Fatigue loading with varying amplitude


    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    Shot-peening surface treatment to increase fatigue life

    Shot-peening introduces compressive stress on the surface


    to suppress surface crack from growing
    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    Wave Propagation Experiment
    Purpose: use sound speed measurement to determine
    the stiffness (Young’s modulus) of a material

    Experiment Setup:
    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    oscilloscope record:

    wave speed can be measured as: 𝑐𝑐 = 2𝐿𝐿/∆𝑡𝑡


    where L is the length of the bar
    ME220 : Materials Laboratory
    Determination of the Young’s modulus (E):

    𝐸𝐸
    𝑐𝑐 =
    𝜌𝜌
    𝜌𝜌 ∶ density

    2
    or
    𝐸𝐸 = 𝜌𝜌𝑐𝑐

    You might also like