Yishun Junior College JC 2 Preliminary Examinations 2017 Physics

Candidate’s name ……………………………….…………. CTG ……….…….
YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE

JC 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2017
PHYSICS 9646/3
th
HIGHER 2 13 September 2017
2 hours
Paper 3 Longer Structured Questions
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Section A
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Section B 4 /10
Answer any two questions. Section B
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question 5 /20

paper. 6 /20
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clearly. 7 /20
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of Penalty
each question or part question.
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This question paper consists of 25 printed pages.

2
For
Examiner’s
Data Use
speed of light in free space, c = 3.00  108 m s−1

permeability of free space, o = 4  10−7 H m−1
permittivity of free space, o = 8.85  10−12 F m−1
elementary charge, e = 1.60  10−19 C
the Planck constant, h = 6.63  10−34 J s
unified atomic mass constant, u = 1.66  10−27 kg
rest mass of electron, me = 9.11  10−31 kg
rest mass of proton, mp = 1.67  10−27 kg
molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1
the Avogadro constant, NA = 6.02  1023 mol−1
the Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38  10−23 J K−1
gravitational constant, G = 6.67  10−11 N m2 kg−2
acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s−2
Formulae
1 at2
uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut + 2
v2 = u2 + 2as
work done on/by a gas, W = pV
hydrostatic pressure, p = gh
Gm
gravitational potential,  =  r
displacement of particle in s.h.m. x = xo sin  t
velocity of particle in s.h.m., v = vo cos  t
=  ( x o2  x 2 )
resistors in series, R = R1 + R2+……….

1 1 1
resistors in parallel, =   ........
R R1 R 2
Q
electric potential, V =
4 o r
alternating current/voltage, x = xo sin  t
8 2 m(U  E )
transmission coefficient T = exp(2kd), where k =
h2
radioactive decay, x = xo exp(- t)
0.693
decay constant,  = t1
2
9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

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Examiner’s
Section A Use
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 A stone is projected with a speed of 5.0 m s−1 from a cliff on a faraway planet. It travels
from point A, through point B and to point D as shown in Fig. 1.1.
5.0 m s−1 path of stone
A 30 B
1.5 m
C D
Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.2 shows the variation of the stone’s vertical velocity v with time t.
v / m s−1
5.0
2.5
t/s
0.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
-2.5
-5.0
Fig. 1.2

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For
Examiner’s
(a) Determine the acceleration in the vertical direction. Use
acceleration = ………………….. m s−2 [1]
(b) Determine the vertical velocity of the stone at point D.
vertical velocity = ………………….. m s−1 [2]
(c) Shade in Fig. 1.2, the area corresponding to the vertical displacement between [2]
point B and D.
(d) Mark on the line with ‘ X ’ in Fig. 1.2, the instant when the stone is moving 45
to the horizontal axis. Explain how you derived your answer clearly in the space
provided below.
[3]
(e) Sketch in Fig. 1.2, the variation of the stone’s vertical velocity with time when [2]
the effect of air resistance is not negligible.

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Examiner’s
2 (a) State the principle of conservation of momentum of a system. Use
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(b) A 0.0200 kg object travelling towards the right at 8.0 m s1 collides head on with
another 0.0100 kg object travelling towards the right at 5.0 m s1. After collision, the
0.0200 kg object travels towards the left at 2.0 m s1.
(i) State what is meant by head on collision in this context.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) Calculate the speed of the 0.0100 kg object after collision.
speed = …………………. m s1 [2]
(iii) State the direction of motion of the 0.0100 kg object after collision.
direction: …………………… [1]

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For
Examiner’s
(iv) If the impact time is 0.120 s, calculate the average force exerted on the Use
0.0100 kg object by the 0.0200 kg object during collision.
force = …………………. N [2]
(v) Explain why it is not possible for both objects to stop at the same instant
during the collision.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

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For
Examiner’s
3 Fig. 3.1 shows the variation with height h near the Earth’s surface of the gravitational Use
potential .
 / MJ kg−1
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0
-61.4
h / km
-61.6
-61.8
-62.0
-62.2
-62.4
-62.6
Fig. 3.1
(a) Explain how the graph shows that the gravitational field strength is approximately
constant near the Earth’s surface.
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(b) A space shuttle of mass 4200 kg is moved from a height of 10 km to 100 km above
the Earth’s surface. Using the values from the graph, calculate the work done on the
shuttle.
work done = ………………….. J [2]

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For
Examiner’s
(c) The space shuttle is made to orbit with an angular velocity of 1.2  10−3 rad s−1 around Use
the Earth at a height of 100 km above the Earth’s surface. The gravitational field
strength at that height is 9.7 N kg−1.
(i) Determine the period of the space shuttle.
period = ………………….. s [1]
(ii) Determine the radius of the Earth.
radius = ………………….. m [2]
(d) Another space shuttle of different mass is made to orbit around the moon at a height
such that its distance from the centre of the moon is the same as the distance of the
space shuttle in (c) from the centre of the Earth.
Explain how the period of this shuttle would be compared to the period of the shuttle
in (c).
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]

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For
Examiner’s
4 (a) The defining equation for simple harmonic motion is Use
a = −2x
(i) State the relation between  and the frequency f.
…………………………………………………………………………………... [1]
(ii) State the significance of the negative (−) sign in the equation.
…………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………... [1]
(b) A frictionless trolley of mass m is held on a smooth horizontal surface by means of

two similar springs each of spring constant k. The springs are attached to fixed points,
as illustrated in Fig. 4.1.
Fig. 4.1
When the trolley is in equilibrium, the extension of each spring is e.

The trolley is then displaced a small distance x to the right along the axis of the
springs.
(i) Show that the magnitude F of the restoring force acting on the trolley is given
by
F = 2kx
[2]

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For
Examiner’s
(ii) The trolley is then released. Show that the angular frequency,  of the trolley Use
is given by
2𝑘
2 =
𝑚
[2]
(c) Fig. 4.2 shows two identical polarising filters, A and B, and an unpolarised light
source. The arrows indicate the plane is which the electric field of the wave oscillates.
transmission axis transmission axis
polarised light
unpolarised
light source A
B observer
Fig. 4.2
(i) The polarising filter B is then rotated clockwise through 360o (viewed from
the observer’s perspective) about the line XY from the position shown in
Fig. 4.2. On the axes below, sketch how the light intensity reaching the
observers varies.
maximum
light
intensity
0
0 90 180 270 360 [2]
angle / 

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For
Examiner’s
(ii) State one application, other than in education, of a polarising filter. Use
…………………………………………………………………………………...
[1]
…………………………………………………………………………………...
(iii) Explain why longitudinal wave cannot be polarised.
…………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

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For
Examiner’s
Section B Use
Answer any two questions from this Section in the spaces provided.
5 (a) Explain what is meant by electromotive force of a source and potential difference
between two points of a circuit.
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(b) The circuit in Fig. 5.1 consists of three fixed resistors, each of which has a safe power
rating of 0.80 W.
320 Ω
500 Ω 500 Ω
Fig. 5.1
Determine the maximum potential difference that can be applied between X and Y
without damage to any of the resistor.
maximum potential difference = …………………….V [4]

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For
Examiner’s
(c) A car battery is used to power up four lamps as shown in Fig. 5.2. The resistance of Use
each lamp should be 180 Ω when it is working under normal conditions.

X
A fuse B C D E
lamp lamp lamp lamp

K L M N
Fig. 5.2
A fault is discovered in the circuit, so switch A is open and the fuse is removed for
safety. An electrician uses a resistance meter, an equipment which can be used to
measure the effective resistance across any two points in a circuit, to check the
lamps. He connected the resistance meter between the points X and Y and the
readings obtained for different switch positions are shown in Fig. 5.3.
Switches
A B C D E Resistance meter reading/Ω
open open open open open 14 000 000
open open open open closed 180
open open open closed closed 90
open open closed closed closed 60
open closed closed closed closed 0.2
Fig. 5.3
(i) Based on the readings in Fig. 5.3, explain which lamp is faulty in the
circuit. Show your workings clearly.
faulty lamp = ………………………. [2]

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For
Examiner’s
(ii) Suggest what could have happened to the faulty lamp. Use
…………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………... [1]
(iii) Suggest why there is still a reading of 14 M on the resistance meter

when all the switches are open.
…………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………... [1]
(d) A simple D.C. motor works on the principle of converting electrical energy to
mechanical energy in the form of rotation.
A small rectangular coil ABCD contains 150 turns of wire. The sides AB and BC of
the coil are lengths of 4.5 cm and 2.8 cm respectively, as shown in Fig. 5.4.
Fig. 5.4
The coil is held between the poles of a large magnet so that the coil can rotate about
an axis through its centre.
The magnet produces a uniform magnetic field of flux density B between its poles.
When a current of 185 mA is passed through the coils, it causes the coil to rotate.
(i) Define magnetic flux density.
…………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

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For
Examiner’s
(ii) For the coil to achieve maximum torque, state whether the plane of the coil Use
should be parallel to, or normal to, the direction of magnetic field.
…………………………………………………………………………………... [1]
(iii) For the coil in the position shown in Fig. 5.4, the torque produced in the coil is
2.1  10-3 Nm.
Calculate the magnitude of the force on
1. side AB of the coil,
force on AB = ……………………….N [2]
2. side BC of the coil.
force on BC = ……………………….N [1]
(iv) Use your answer to (iii) to show that the magnetic flux density B between the
poles of the magnet is 60 mT.
[2]

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For
Examiner’s
(v) As the coil rotates and make one complete revolution, sketch the variation of Use
magnetic force acting on side BC with angle of rotation. (values are not
required)
The angle of rotation  for the coil in the position shown in Fig. 5.4 is taken to
be 0.
magnetic force on BC / N
90 180 270 360

/
[1]
(vi) Show by means of a simple diagram, the relative directions of magnetic

force F, magnetic flux density B and current I when  is 30. You may
make your own assumption on the current direction and direction of
rotation.
[2]

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For
Examiner’s
6 (a) State Lenz’s law. Use
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(b) A pair of parallel metal rails of negligible resistance are placed 12 cm apart in an
uniform magnetic field of strength 0.65 T applied perpendicularly to the rails out of
paper, as shown in Fig. 6.1. Two 15 cm long metal rods, AB and CD, are placed on
top of the rails and can slide smoothly along the rails. Rod AB has an electrical
resistance of 8.0  while rod CD has an electrical resistance of 10 . Rod AB is
pulled to the left by an external force at a constant speed of 2.0 m s–1 while rod CD
is pulled to the right at a constant speed of 3.0 m s–1.
A C
15 cm
–1
2.0 m s 12 cm 3.0 m s–1
B D
Magnetic field of strength 0.65 T pointing out of paper
Fig. 6.1
(i) State which end of rods AB and CD has a higher potential.
Rod AB: ……….
Rod CD: ………. [2]

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Examiner’s
(ii) Determine the induced e.m.f. across each rod. Use
e.m.f. of rod AB = …………………. V

e.m.f. of rod CD = …………………. V [2]
(iii) Determine the induced current flowing in the rods.
induced current = …………………. A [2]
(iv) Hence calculate the total power dissipated in both rods.
total power = …………………. W [2]

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Examiner’s
(v) By considering your answer in (iv), show that energy is conserved during Use
this induction process.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [3]
(c) State what is meant by root-mean-square current.
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(d) An ideal transformer is used to step up an alternating voltage Vin as shown in

Fig. 6.2. The secondary coil of the transformer is connected to a resistor of 4.0 .
10 200
Vin turns turns 4.0 
Fig. 6.2

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Examiner’s
Fig. 6.3 shows the variation of the power input at the primary coil with respect to Use
time t.
Pin / W
1.8
2 4 6 8 10 12
60 120 180 240 300 360 t / ms
Fig. 6.3
(i) Determine the root-mean-square voltage in the secondary coil.
root-mean-square voltage = …………………. V [2]
(ii) Determine the root-mean-square current flowing in the primary coil.
root-mean-square current = …………………. A [2]

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Examiner’s
(iii) Sketch the variation of input current Iin at the primary coil with respect [2] Use
to time t, in Fig. 6.4 and indicate the value of peak input current.
Iin / A
60 120 180 240 300 360 t / ms
Fig. 6.4
(iv) State the equation showing how input current Iin varies with time t.
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

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Examiner’s
7 (a) Explain what is meant by Use
(i) half-life of a radioactive isotope
………………………………………………………………………..…….……
……………………………………………………………………….…..………
……………………………………………………………………………...…… [1]
(ii) the decay constant
………………………………………………………………………..…….……
……………………………………………………………………….…..………
……………………………………………………………………………...…… [1]
(iii) random nature of the radioactive decay
………………………………………………………………………..…….……
……………………………………………………………………….…..………
……………………………………………………………………………...…… [1]
(b) A milk sample is to be tested for evidence of radioactive contamination with the
radioactive nuclide strontium-90, using a Geiger-Muller tube. The two stages involved
in the decay of strontium-90 are described by the equations:
90 90
Stage 1: 38𝑆𝑟 → 39𝑌 +𝛽
90 90
Stage 2: 39𝑌 → 40𝑍𝑟 +𝛽
At each stage, a beta particle is emitted. The half-life for the second stage is 64 hours
and the final product zirconium-90 is stable.
The decay constant for the beta decay of strontium-90 is 7.75  1010 s1.
Data:
Mass of Strontium-90 89.907738 u
Mass of Yttrium-90 89.907150 u
Mass of beta particle 0.0005485 u

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For
Examiner’s
(i) Given that the parent strontium-90 nucleus is initially at rest, calculate the Use
speeds of the two daughter products in Stage 1.
speed of Yttrium: …………………. m s−1

speed of beta particle: ……………….… m s−1 [4]
(ii) State and explain the difficulties involved in attempting to measure the half-life
of the beta decay of the strontium-90 experimentally.
………………………………………………………………………..…….……
………………………………………………………………………..…….……
………………………………………………………………………..…….……
……………………………………………………………………….…..………
……………………………………………………………………………...……
……………………………………………………………………….…..………
……………………………………………………………………………...……
……………………………………………………………………………...……
……………………………………………………………………………...……
……………………………………………………………………………...…… [3]

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Examiner’s
(iii) State two precautions that must be taken in order to obtain an accurate value Use
of the activity of the milk sample.
………………………………………………………………………..…….……
………………………………………………………………………..…….……
………………………………………………………………………..…….……
……………………………………………………………………….…..………
……………………………………………………………………………...…… [2]
(iv) Explain why and how it is dangerous for human, particularly pregnant ladies, to
be exposed to the above radioactive product.
………………………………………………………………………..…….……
………………………………………………………………………..…….……
………………………………………………………………………..…….……
……………………………………………………………………….…..………
……………………………………………………………………………...……
……………………………………………………………………….…..………
……………………………………………………………………………...…… [3]

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Examiner’s
(v) Suppose a beta particle from the strontium-90 decay moves in a gas along a Use
straight line OA. A uniform magnetic flux density 3.0  104 T is applied when
the particle reaches A. Fig. 7.1 shows the subsequent path of the particle in a
plane perpendicular to the magnetic field.
20 mm
Fig. 7.1
1. State the direction of the applied magnetic field.
………………………………………………………………………..……. [1]
2. Explain why the path of the beta particle is a spiral.
………………………………………………………………………..…….
……………………………………………………………………….…..…
……………………………………………………………………………... [2]
3. By estimating the radius of the curvature at A using Fig. 7.1, calculate the
speed of the particle as it passes A.
speed = ………………… m s1 [2]
--- End of paper ---

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Candidate’s name ……………………………….…………. CTG ……….…….

YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question 5 /20

This question paper consists of 25 printed pages.

speed of light in free space, c = 3.00  108 m s−1

resistors in series, R = R1 + R2+……….

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

5.0 m s−1 path of stone

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

acceleration = ………………….. m s−2 [1]

(b) Determine the vertical velocity of the stone at point D.

vertical velocity = ………………….. m s−1 [2]

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

(i) State what is meant by head on collision in this context.

(ii) Calculate the speed of the 0.0100 kg object after collision.

speed = …………………. m s1 [2]

direction: …………………… [1]

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

0.0100 kg object by the 0.0200 kg object during collision.

force = …………………. N [2]

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

work done = ………………….. J [2]

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

(i) Determine the period of the space shuttle.

period = ………………….. s [1]

(ii) Determine the radius of the Earth.

radius = ………………….. m [2]

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

(i) State the relation between  and the frequency f.

(b) A frictionless trolley of mass m is held on a smooth horizontal surface by means of

When the trolley is in equilibrium, the extension of each spring is e.

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

(iii) Explain why longitudinal wave cannot be polarised.

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

maximum potential difference = …………………….V [4]

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

each lamp should be 180 Ω when it is working under normal conditions.

lamp lamp lamp lamp

A B C D E Resistance meter reading/Ω

open open open open open 14 000 000

open open open open closed 180

open open open closed closed 90

open open closed closed closed 60

open closed closed closed closed 0.2

faulty lamp = ………………………. [2]

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

(iii) Suggest why there is still a reading of 14 M on the resistance meter

(i) Define magnetic flux density.

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

should be parallel to, or normal to, the direction of magnetic field.

1. side AB of the coil,

force on AB = ……………………….N [2]

2. side BC of the coil.

force on BC = ……………………….N [1]

9646 / YJC / 2017 / JC2 Preliminary Examinations / Paper 3

90 180 270 360