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    Lecture 1b Analysis and Design of Wind Loading

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    thowchin
    1) The document discusses factors that influence wind loads on buildings including geographic location, elevation, exposure, nearby structures, height, size, and shape. It also outlines various design codes and modification factors for wind climate, topography, and building geometry. 2) Terrain height multiplier is a key modification factor that accounts for changes in wind speed at different heights and terrain categories. Tables are provided showing terrain height multipliers. 3) Design wind pressure is calculated using factors including basic wind speed, terrain height multiplier, aerodynamic shape coefficients, and importance factor. Examples are given to calculate wind pressure and sketch wind forces on different building types.

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    Lecture 1b Analysis and Design of Wind Loading

    Uploaded by

    thowchin
    227 views30 pages
    1) The document discusses factors that influence wind loads on buildings including geographic location, elevation, exposure, nearby structures, height, size, and shape. It also outlines various design codes and modification factors for wind climate, topography, and building geometry. 2) Terrain height multiplier is a key modification factor that accounts for changes in wind speed at different heights and terrain categories. Tables are provided showing terrain height multipliers. 3) Design wind pressure is calculated using factors including basic wind speed, terrain height multiplier, aerodynamic shape coefficients, and importance factor. Examples are given to calculate wind pressure and sketch wind forces on different building types.

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    1) The document discusses factors that influence wind loads on buildings including geographic location, elevation, exposure, nearby structures, height, size, and shape. It also outlines various design codes and modification factors for wind climate, topography, and building geometry. 2) Terrain height multiplier is a key modification factor that accounts for changes in wind speed at different heights and terrain categories. Tables are provided showing terrain height multipliers. 3) Design wind pressure is calculated using factors including basic wind speed, terrain height multiplier, aerodynamic shape coefficients, and importance factor. Examples are given to calculate wind pressure and sketch wind forces on different building types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    227 views30 pages

    Lecture 1b Analysis and Design of Wind Loading

    Uploaded by

    thowchin
    1) The document discusses factors that influence wind loads on buildings including geographic location, elevation, exposure, nearby structures, height, size, and shape. It also outlines various design codes and modification factors for wind climate, topography, and building geometry. 2) Terrain height multiplier is a key modification factor that accounts for changes in wind speed at different heights and terrain categories. Tables are provided showing terrain height multipliers. 3) Design wind pressure is calculated using factors including basic wind speed, terrain height multiplier, aerodynamic shape coefficients, and importance factor. Examples are given to calculate wind pressure and sketch wind forces on different building types.

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    PAT 409

    ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF WIND LOADING

    1
    PART 2: DESIGN WIND LOAD

    2
    FACTOR INFLUENCE WIND LOADS

    Basically all codes and standards included factor to


    calculate the wind pressure on building.
    The basic factor to calculate wind pressure to building
    are depending on the buildings geographic location,
    elevation, degree of exposure, relationship to nearby
    structures, building height, size and shape.

    There are well known as:


    1.Type of terrain ground 5.Height above
    2.Wind direction factor 6.Hill shape factor
    3.Shielding factor 7.Aerodynamic factor
    4.Dynamic Response Factor

    3
    AN OVERVIEW OF DESIGN CODES

    4
    MODIFICATION ON FACTOR

    From modification factors that have been highlighted


    before, there are three major concern why the factor
    are included:

    1. Wind climate
    2. Topography Condition (e.g. Hill Slope)
    3. Geometry/Shape of Building

    Only factor deal with climate different from one country to another
    country. Other factor are almost same

    5
    TERRAIN HEIGHT MULTIPLIER

    From the various codes of practice, the modification factor that


    deal with climate is terrain height multiplier.
    It is known and symbol as shown as below:

    6
    BASIC WIND SPEED (VS)

    Definition: Maximum wind speed will occur one in


    a recurrent interval year (XT)

    X = wind speed , T =Year

    Always T is taken as 50 year and 100 year


    Vs is measured at 10 m height from ground level
    Vs is use as a reference wind that will be consider
    in design load to structure

    7
    DESIGN WIND PRESSURE

    According to MS 1553:2002

    p = (0.5ρair) Vdes2(Cfig)(Cdyn) in Pa …(2)

    where Vdes=Vsit x I

    and Vsit = Vs(Md)(Mz,cat)(Ms)(Mh)

    I = important factor (Table 3.2 pg 21)


    Vs = Basic Wind Speed ( Table 3.1 pg 19 or map Fig 3.1 pg 20)
    Md = Direction Multiplier (Md = 1)
    Mz,cat = Terrain Height Multiplier ( Table 4.1 pg 23)
    Ms = Shielding Multiplier (Table 4.3 pg 25)
    Mh = Hill shape Multiplier ( Equations either a), b) or c) )

    8
    FIGURE 3.1

    Zone I, Vs = 33.5
    m/s
    Zone II, Vs = 32.5
    m/s

    Minimum Design Wind


    Pressure 0.65 kPa
    (Cl 2.4.2 pg 15)

    9
    Terrain Height Multiplier (Mz, cat)

    Definition: multiplier than giving wind speed at variation of height


    base on wind speed at reference (Vs, 10m) for different terrain
    category.
    Table 4.4, pg 23 MS 1553

    10
    Terrain Height Multiplier (Mz, cat) Table 4.1

    11
    Important factor, I (Table 3.2)

    12
    Design Wind Pressure, P

    p = 0.613(Vs)2(Mz,cat)2(Cpe - Cpi) for structural


    system

    p = 0.613(Vs)2(Mz,cat)2(CpeKl - Cpi) for cladding

    13
    AERODYNAMIC SHAPE FACTOR

    14
    Internal Pressure Coefficient, Cpi

    15
    16
    17
    External Pressure Coefficient, Cpe Windward Wall,
    W
    Table 5.2(a)
    The external pressure coefficient, Cpe for windward wall shall be
    taken as 0.8.

    18
    External Pressure Coefficient, Cpe Leeward Wall,
    L
    Table 5.2(b)

    19
    External Pressure Coefficient, Cpe Side Walls, S
    Table 5.2(c)

    20
    Table 5.3(a) For up-wind slope, U and down-wind slope,
    D for α<10° and R for gable roofs

    21
    Table 5.3(b) Up-wind slope, U, α>10°

    22
    Table 5.3(c) Down-wind slope, D, α >10° and R for hip
    roofs

    23
    Local Pressure Factor, KI (Table 5.6)

    24
    25
    26
    EXAMPLE 1

    An industrial building situated at


    Melaka in the terrain category 2.
    Assumed that building it is made of
    steel structure.
    a) Find maximum wind pressure on
    each surface and show in sketch
    diagram.
    b) If the signboard is made of
    cladding element, find the maximum
    pressure experienced by the
    signboard.

    27
    EXAMPLE 2

    A 10 story building with 30m height are situated at Melaka in


    the terrain category 4.

    i) Calculate the design wind pressure


    ii) Sketch the wind action force on the building

    28
    29
    30

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