International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF VAPOUR COMPRESSION

REFRIGERATION SYSTEM USING LIQUID HEAT EXCHANGER
Prof. S. V. Borkar1, Prakash M Pawar2, Ramesh M Sable3 , Nikhil S Dangre4
1Assistant Professor, Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering, Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of Engineering
2,3,4 Student of 8th Semester, Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering, Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of Engineering,
Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - In recognition to the increasing effect of existing 1.1 Vapor-compression cycle
refrigerants & Vapour Compression Refrigeration
System(V.C.R.S.) which uses it,their is a need to change the
system and refrigerants to reduce the Global Warming
Potential(GWP) & Ozone Depletion Potential(ODP),along with
this it will also has to increase the C.O.P. of the system.So in our
project we use the Liquid Heat Exchanger & take the blend of
R600a and R290 as the refrigerant and another refrigerant
HFO-1234yf and calculate the COP of the system and found
that in both cases the coefficient of performance(COP) of the
system will increase and GWP & ODP was reduced as
compared to the existing V.C.R.S. system and currently used
refrigerant R134a.By using the Liquid Heat Exchanger we are
able to reduce the load on compressor so as to get the more
and more cooling effect with minimum input and less harm to
the environment. Through this project, we are able to reduce
the Global Warming Potential(GWP) i.e.,4 which is nearly
1300 in case of R134a and the Ozone Depletion
Potential(ODP) was already zero.So we successfully fabricate
and test the Vapour Compression Refrigeration System using
Liquid Heat Exchanger with the reduction in the
Environmental pollution and the improved COP of the system.

Key Words: Refrigerants, V.C.R.S., liquid Heat Exchanger,

The vapor-compression cycle is used in most household
Global Warming Potential, Ozone Depletion Potential…
refrigerators as well as in many large commercial and
industrial refrigeration systems. Figure 1 provides a
1.INTRODUCTION schematic diagram of the components of a typical vapor-
compression refrigeration system.
Refrigeration is the process of cooling a space, substance, or
system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the
The thermodynamics of the cycle can be analyzed on a
ambient one (while the removed heat is rejected at a higher
temperature). In other words, refrigeration means artificial diagram as shown in Figure 2. In this cycle, a circulating
(human-made) cooling. Heat is removed from a low- refrigerant such as Freon enters the compressor as a vapor.
temperature reservoir and transferred to a high- From point 1 to point 2, the vapor is compressed at constant
temperature reservoir. Refrigeration has had a large impact entropy and exits the compressor as a vapor at a higher
on industry, lifestyle, agriculture, and settlement patterns. temperature, but still below the vapor pressure at that
temperature. From point 2 to point 3 and on to point 4, the
vapor travels through the condenser which cools the vapor
until it starts condensing, and then condenses the vapor into
a liquid by removing additional heat at constant pressure
and temperature. Between points 4 and 5, the liquid
refrigerant goes through the expansion valve (also called a
throttle valve) where its pressure abruptly decreases,
causing flash evaporation and auto-refrigeration of, typically,
less than half of the liquid.
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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

1.2 Necessities of Refrigeration 1.3.4 Expansion Valve

Commonly placed before the evaporator and at the end of

1.Domestic-In domestic for storing the food and other
the liquid line, the expansion valve is reached by the liquid
material to keep it in well condition,
2.Commercial-For human comfort refrigerant after it has been condensed. Reducing the
3.Cold storage-For storing fruits and agricultural products, pressure of the refrigerant, its temperature will decrease to a
4.Ice factory-To produce ice for various use, level below its atmosphere. This liquid will then be pumped
5. In transportation into the evaporator.
6.For storing medicines and human organs and death bodies.
1.3.5 Heat exchanger
1.3 Major Elements of Refrigeration System and
their Functions A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between
two or more fluids. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling
and heating processes.The fluids may be separated by a solid
1.3.1 Condenser wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact.

Condensation changes gas to a liquid form. Its main purpose 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
is to liquefy the refrigerant gas sucked by the compressor
from the evaporator. As condensation begins, the heat will
[1] From this study they conclude that, an ideal vapour-
flow from the condenser into the air, only if the condensation compression refrigeration system is used for the
temperature is higher than that of the atmosphere. The high- performance analysis of alternative new refrigerant
pressure vapour in the condenser will be cooled to become a mixtures as substitutes for CFC12, HFC134a, and CFC22.
liquid refrigerant again, this time with a little heat. The liquid Considering the comparison of performance coefficients
refrigerant will then flow from the condenser to a liquid line. (COP) and pressure ratios of the tested refrigerants and also
the main environmental impacts of ozone layer depletion
1.3.2 Compressor and global warming, refrigerant blends of HC290/HC600a
(40/60 by wt.%) and HC290/HC1270 (20/80 by wt.%) are
found to be the most suitable alternatives among
The compressor’s use is to pull the low-temperature and
refrigerants tested for R12 and R22 respectively. The
low-pressure vapour from the evaporator, through a suction refrigeration efficiency, the performance coefficient (COP) of
line. Once the vapour is drawn, it will be compressed. This the system, increases with increasing evaporating
will cause the vapour’s temperature to rise. Its main function temperature for a constant condensing temperature in the
is to transform a low-temperature vapour in to a high- analysis. All systems including various refrigerant blends
temperature vapour, to increase pressure. Vapour is were improved by analysing the effect of the
released from the compressor into a discharge line. superheating/subcooling case. Better performance
coefficient values (COP) than those of the non-
superheating/subcooling case are obtained as a result of this
1.3.3 Evaporator
optimization.

An evaporator is used to turn any liquid material into gas. In [2] From this study they found that as per the Kyoto and
this process, heat is absorbed. The evaporator transfers heat Montreal protocols, the harmful refrigerants are to be
from the refrigerated space into a heat pump through a phased out and are to be replaced with alternate
liquid refrigerant, which boils in the evaporator at a low- environmental friendly refrigerants. The objective of this
pressure. In achieving heat transfer, the liquid refrigerant paper is to evaluate different environmental friendly
should be lower than the goods being cooled. After the refrigerant. On the basis of collecting information, the
transfer, liquid refrigerant is drawn by the compressor from following conclusions may be drawn. HFCs can replace R-22
the evaporator through a suction line. Liquid refrigerant will without any modification in the system. Despite having the
be in vapour form upon leaving the evaporator coil. advantage of zero ODP, the system delivers the poor
performance with increased energy consumption as
compared with R-22. Hydrocarbons and their various blends
may replace R-134a without any system modifications. COP
of the system is improved with reduced energy
consumption.The system delivers better performance than
with pure refrigerant; the energy consumption is also
reduced. However optimum blend composition for

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

maximum performance of the system is not much studied. of the system & reduce in the energy consumption of the
Research work for deciding the concentration of blends has system.The blends of R600a & R290 results in neglisible
to be undertaken to have better performance of the system. Green House Effect,strong cooling performance,low
toxicity,high solubility with conventional lubricants and
[3] They concluded after their study that project invested an
ester oils due to their individual characteristic properties.
ozone friendly, energy efficient, user friendly, safe and cost-
effective alternative refrigerant for HFC134a in domestic
refrigeration systems. After the successful investigation on REFERENCES
the performance of HCs and blends of HCs as refrigerants the
following conclusions can be drawn based on the results [1] International Communications in Heat and Mass
obtained. The energy consumption of the pure HCs and Transfer,By A.S. Dalkilic ,S. Wongwises,August,2010.
blends of HCs is about similar to the energy consumption of [2] International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
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compressor consumes 2% and 3% less energy when Butane Mohd. Ahmad Quraishi, U. S.Wankhede R. Nicole, “Title
of paper with only first word capitalized,” J. Name Stand.
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ambient temperature. • HCs and mixture of HCs offer lowest
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inlet refrigerant temperature of evaporator. So for the low
temperature application HCs and blends of HCs is better than
[3]
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Engineering Volume 1,1:1,2007,by M. A. Sattar, R.
Saidur, and H. H. Masjuki.
HFC-134a. This indicates the possibility of using HCs as an
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meet the requirement of a good refrigerant.The final
[5] . Johnson, Global warming from HFC, Environ. Impact
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existing refrigerator-freezer without modification of the
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with R502, R404A and R507A”, International Journal of
Refrigeration, Vol. 31, pp. 998-1005.
3. METHODOLOGY
[7] Bilal Ahmed Qureshi and Syed M Zubair (2011),
“Performance Degradation of a Vapour Compression
In our work,we use the Liquid heat exchanger after the Refrigeration System Under Fouled Conditions”,
condenser in order to reduce the load on compressor and International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 34, pp. 1016-
also along with that we take Hydro-Fluoro-Olefin(hfo- 1027.
1234yf) and the blend of R600a and R290 which results in [8] Mohanraj M, Jayaraj S and Muraleedharan C (2009),
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BIOGRAPHIES

Prof. S. V. BORKAR
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of
Engineering

PRAKASH M PAWAR
4. CONCLUSIONS Student 8th Semester
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
From the work,we conclude that by using Hydro-Fluoro- Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of
Olefin(hfo-1234yf) as the refrigerant we get very low GWP Engineering
i.e.;4 with zero ODP.It has low toxicity,excellent COP and
Capacity.Also it doesn’t have glide temperature.This
characteristic properties will results in the increase in COP
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2227
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

RAMESH M SABLE
Student 8th Semester
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of
Engineering

NIKHIL S DANGRE
Student 8th Semester
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of
Engineering

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