RIZAL NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL

Senior High School Department | Grade 11 | SY 2018-2019

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Strand
JP Rizal St. Batingan, Binangonan, Rizal

LESSON 11:
Content Standard
The learners demonstrate an understanding
of antiderivatives and Riemann Integral.

Performance Standard
The learners shall be able to formulate and
solve accurately situational problems
involving population models.
Competencies
• Illustrate an antiderivative of a function;
(STEM_BC11I-IVa-1)

• Compute the general antiderivative of

polynomial, radical, exponential and
trigonometric functions; (STEM_BC11I-IVa-b-1)
• Compute the antiderivative of a function
using substitution rule and table of
integrals; (STEM_BC11D-IIIj-2)
Match the functions in Column A with their
corresponding derivatives in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 a. 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2
2. 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 b. 𝑓 𝑥 = 9𝑥 2 − 3
3. 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 + 1 c. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
4. 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 + 2 d. 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2
5. 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 e. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 2
6. 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 f. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 2
7. 𝐹 𝑥 = 3𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 1 g. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1
Key: 1. g 2. c 3. d 4. a 5. e 6. f 7. b
In the previous discussions, you learned
how to find the derivatives of different
functions. Now, you will learn the inverse
of differentiation. We shall call this process
antidifferentiation. A natural question
then arises:

Given a function 𝒇, can we find a function 𝑭

whose derivative is 𝒇?
DEFINITION
A function 𝑭 is an antiderivative or
indefinite integral of the function 𝒇 on an
interval 𝑰 if 𝑭′(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) for every value of 𝑥
in the interval 𝑰.

For example:
An antiderivative of 𝑓 𝑥 = 12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 is 𝐹 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 .
The derivative of 𝐹 is given by 𝐹 ′ (𝑥) = 12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥)
REMARK:
The antiderivative 𝑭 of a function 𝒇 is not unique.

Other antiderivatives of 𝑓 𝑥 = 12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 are

𝐹1 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 2
𝐹2 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 3
𝐹3 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 5
In fact, any function of the form
𝑭 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪
where 𝐶 ∈ ℝ is an antiderivative of 𝑓(𝑥).
THEOREM
If 𝑭 is an antiderivative or indefinite
integral of the function 𝒇 on an interval 𝑰,
then every antiderivative 𝒇 on 𝑰 is given by
𝑭(𝒙) + 𝑪, where 𝐶 is an arbitrary constant.

Remark:
Using the theorem, we can conclude that if 𝐹1 and 𝐹2
are antiderivatives of 𝑓, then 𝐹2 𝑥 = 𝐹1 𝑥 + 𝐶. That
is, 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 differ only by constant.
• Antidifferentiation is the process of
finding the antiderivative of a function 𝒇.

• The symbol (integral sign), denotes the

operation of antidifferentiation.

• The function 𝒇 is called the integrand.

• If 𝑭 is an antiderivative of 𝒇, we write
න 𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝑭 𝒙 + 𝑪
• The symbols and 𝑑𝑥 go hand-in-hand and
𝑑𝑥 helps us identify the variable of
integration.
• The expression 𝑭 𝒙 + 𝑪 is called the
general antiderivative of 𝑓. Meanwhile,
each antiderivative of 𝑓 is called a
particular antiderivative of 𝑓.
Given: 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙

Particular Antiderivatives
𝐹 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 2
𝐹 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 3
𝐹 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 5
General Antiderivative
𝑭 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪
1) න 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝑪
2) If 𝑛 is any real number and 𝑛 ≠ −1, then
𝒏+𝟏
𝒙
න 𝒙𝒏 𝒅𝒙 = +𝑪
𝒏+𝟏
3) If 𝑎 is any constant and 𝑓 is a function, then

න 𝒂 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂 න 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
4) If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are functions defined on the same 𝐼,

න[𝒇 𝒙 ± 𝒈(𝒙)]𝒅𝒙 = න 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 ± න 𝒈(𝒙)𝒅𝒙

Evaluate each indefinite integral:

1. න 𝑑𝑤 = 𝒘+𝑪

2. න 2018𝑑𝑥 = 2018 න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟖𝒙 + 𝑪

𝑟10+1 𝒓𝟏𝟏
3. න 𝑟10 𝑑𝑟 = +𝐶 = +𝑪
10 + 1 𝟏𝟏
𝑥 2/3+1 𝒙𝟓/𝟑 𝟑𝒙𝟓/𝟑
4. න 𝑥 2/3 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶 = +𝑪= +𝑪
2/3 + 1 𝟓/𝟑 𝟓
2 𝑚 −4 𝟏
5. න 5 𝑑𝑚 = 2 න 𝑚 𝑑𝑚 = 2 ∙
−5 +𝐶 =− 𝟒
+𝑪
𝑚 −4 𝟐𝒎
Evaluate the indefinite integral
2
න(𝑦 − 2𝑦 + 3)𝑑𝑦

Solution: න 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 − 2 න 𝑦𝑑𝑦 + 3 න 𝑑𝑦

𝑦 2+1 𝑦1+1
= −2∙ + 3𝑦 + 𝐶
2+1 1+1
𝑦3 𝑦2 𝒚𝟑
= −2∙ + 3𝑦 + 𝐶 = − 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝑪
3 2 𝟑
Evaluate the indefinite integral

න(5𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥

Solution: න 5𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 + න 2𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − න 6𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + න 10𝑥𝑑𝑥 + න 3𝑑𝑥
= 5 න 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 + 2 න 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − 6 න 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 10 න 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 3 න 𝑑𝑥

𝑥5 𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥2
= 5 ∙ + 2 ∙ − 6 ∙ + 10 ∙ + 3𝑥 + 𝐶
5 4 3 2
𝟒
𝒙
= 𝒙𝟓 + − 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟐
Evaluate the indefinite integral
𝑧2 − 3
න 5
𝑑𝑧
𝑧
𝑧2 3
Solution: න 5 − 5 𝑑𝑧 = න 𝑧 −3 − 3𝑧 −5 𝑑𝑧
𝑧 𝑧
𝑧 −3+1 𝑧 −5+1
= න 𝑧 −3 𝑑𝑧 − 3 න 𝑧 −5 𝑑𝑧 = −3∙ +𝐶
−3 + 1 −5 + 1
𝑧 −2 𝑧 −4 𝟏 𝟑
= −3∙ +𝐶 =− 𝟐+ 𝟒+𝑪
−2 −4 𝟐𝒛 𝟒𝒛
Evaluate the indefinite integral

𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1
න 6
𝑑𝑥
𝑥

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=− 𝟐+ 𝟑− 𝟒+ 𝟓+𝑪
𝟐𝒙 𝒙 𝟒𝒙 𝟓𝒙
Evaluate the indefinite integral

2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 6 − 𝑥 + 2
න 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝟑
𝟑 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐
= 𝟐𝒙 − + + 𝟐 − 𝟑 + 𝑪
𝒙 𝟑 𝟐𝒙 𝟑𝒙
Evaluate the indefinite integral
2
𝑐 (𝑐 − 2𝑐)
න 3
𝑑𝑐
𝑐
𝑐1/2 (𝑐 2 − 2𝑐) (𝑐1/2+2 − 2𝑐1/2+1 )
Solution: න 3
𝑑𝑐 = න 3
𝑑𝑐
𝑐 𝑐
(𝑐 5/2 − 2𝑐 3/2 ) 𝑐 5/2 𝑐 3/2
=න 3
𝑑𝑐 = න 3
− 2 ∙ 3 𝑑𝑐
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐

= න(𝑐 5/2−3 − 2𝑐 3/2−3 )𝑑𝑐 = න(𝑐 −1/2 − 2𝑐 −3/2 )𝑑𝑐

Solution (cont.):

= න(𝑐 −1/2 − 2𝑐 −3/2 )𝑑𝑐 = න 𝑐 −1/2 𝑑𝑐 − 2 න 𝑐 −3/2 𝑑𝑐

1 3 1 1
− +1 − +1 −
𝑐 2 𝑐 2 𝑐2 𝑐 2
= −2∙ +𝐶 = −2∙ +𝐶
1 3 1 1
−2 + 1 −2 + 1 2 −2

𝟏/𝟐
𝟒
= 𝟐𝒄 + +𝑪
𝒄𝟏/𝟐
Determine the following antiderivatives:

1. න 𝑑𝑝 6. න(2019𝑥 2018 − 1)𝑑𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 2019 − 𝑥 + 𝐶

2. න −2𝑑𝑥 7. න 3𝑠 2 (2𝑠 3 − 2)𝑑𝑠 ⇒ 𝑠 6 − 2𝑠 3 + 𝐶

3𝑥 4 − 𝑥 21 1 𝑥 14
3. න 𝑟 −7 𝑑𝑟 8. න 8
𝑑𝑥 ⇒ − 𝑥 3 − 14 + 𝐶
𝑥
𝑞1/2 − 3𝑞5/2
4. න 3 𝑚𝑑𝑚 9. න 𝑑𝑞 ⇒ 𝑞 − 𝑞3 + 𝐶
𝑞1/2
1 𝑥 𝑥 −1 + 𝑥 2 2
5. න −6 𝑑𝑘 10. න 𝑑𝑥 ⇒ −
7𝑥 7/2
−
3𝑥 3/2
+𝐶
𝑘 𝑥4
Evaluate each indefinite integral.

1. න 𝑑𝑦 6. න(10𝑥 9 + 2𝑥 − 3)𝑑𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 10 + 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 𝐶

5𝑡 3
2. න 4𝑑𝑥 7. න 𝑡 (6𝑡 − 5)𝑑𝑡
2 3 6
⇒𝑡 − +𝐶
3
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 9 1 4𝑥 5
3. න 𝑝8 𝑑𝑝 8. න 5
𝑑𝑥 ⇒ − 2𝑥 2 + 5 + 𝐶
𝑥
2𝑚1/2 − 7𝑚2
4. න 𝑥𝑑𝑥 9. න 𝑑𝑚 ⇒ 𝑚2 − 2𝑚7/2 + 𝐶
𝑚−1/2
1 𝑠 𝑠4 + 𝑠 − 1 2𝑠 5/2
5. න 3 𝑑𝑞 10. න
2 2
𝑑𝑠 ⇒
5
− 1/2 + 3/2 𝐶
3𝑠 3𝑠
𝑞 𝑠3
5) න 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 + 𝑪

𝒙
𝒂
6) න 𝒂𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = + 𝑪 Here, 𝑎 > 0 with 𝑎 ≠ 1
𝐥𝐧 𝒂

−𝟏
𝟏
7) න 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = න 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙| + 𝑪
𝒙
Determine the following antiderivatives:

1. න 𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝒆𝒚 + 𝑪
𝟓𝒙
2. න 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑪
𝐥𝐧 𝟓
𝒙
𝟑
3. න(𝑒 𝑥 + 3𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝒆𝒙 + 𝐥𝐧 𝟑 + 𝑪
𝒓 𝒓+𝟏
𝟖 ∙ 𝟖 𝟖
4. න 8𝑟+1 𝑑𝑟 = න 𝟖𝒓 ∙ 𝟖𝟏 𝒅𝒓 = 𝟖 න 𝟖𝒓 𝒅𝒓 =
𝐥𝐧 𝟖
+𝑪=
𝐥𝐧 𝟖
+𝑪

3𝑥 − 1 𝟑𝒙 𝟏
5. න 𝑑𝑥 = න
𝒙
−
𝒙
𝒅𝒙 = න 𝟑𝒅𝒙 − න 𝒙−𝟏 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪
𝑥
Evaluate the indefinite integral
𝒙+𝟐 𝒙−𝟏
𝟓
න 𝒆 +𝟑 − 𝒅𝒙
𝒙
Solution: න 𝑒 𝑥+2 𝑑𝑥 + න 3𝑥−1 𝑑𝑥 − න 5𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑒 2 න 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 3−1 න 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 5 න 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥

3−1 ∙ 3𝑥 𝟑 𝒙−𝟏
= 𝑒2 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 + − 5 ln |𝑥| + 𝐶 = 𝒆𝒙+𝟐 + − 𝟓 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙| + 𝑪
ln 3 𝐥𝐧 𝟑
Evaluate the indefinite integral
𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒆𝒙
න 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝒙
𝑥 3 2𝑥 2 𝑥 1 𝑥2𝑒 𝑥
Solution: න 2 − 2 − 2 + 2 + 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

= න 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − න 2𝑑𝑥 − න 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑥 −2 + න 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝒙𝟐 𝟏
= − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 − + 𝑪
𝟐 𝒙
Evaluate the indefinite integral

𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟑 + 𝒙𝟒 𝒆𝒙 − 𝒙𝟒 𝟑𝒙
න 𝟒
𝒅𝒙
𝒙

Answer:
𝒙
𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟑
= 𝟒𝐥𝐧 𝒙 + − 𝟐 + 𝟑 + 𝒆𝒙 − +𝑪
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝟑
Determine the following antiderivatives:

1. න(𝑒 𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 6. න(2𝑒 𝑥 −𝑥)𝑑𝑥

2. න 8𝑥−3 𝑑𝑥 7. න 3(5𝑥−1 )𝑑𝑥

3. න[𝑒 𝑥 + 2(9𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥 8. න(1 + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

4. න 8𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 9. න(4𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥

3𝑥 − 2 𝑥3 + 𝑥3 − 7
5. න 𝑑𝑥 10. න 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
08) න 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝑪

09) න 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪

10) න 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪

11) න 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝟐 𝒙𝒅𝒙 = −𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 + 𝑪

12) න 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 + 𝑪

13) න 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙 + 𝑪

Evaluate the antiderivative:

න(cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Solution:

න(cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = න cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − න sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝑪
Evaluate the antiderivative:

න tan2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution: Identity: 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏

න tan2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න (sec 2 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 = න sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − න 𝑑𝑥

= 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 − 𝒙 + 𝑪
Evaluate the antiderivative:
sin 𝑥
න 2
𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥

Solution: Identity: 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 =

𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
; 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙

1 sin 𝑥
න ∙ 𝑑𝑥 = න sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 + 𝑪
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
Evaluate the following integrals

1. න(cos 𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 6. න(sin 𝑥 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

2. න cot 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 7. න(cos 2 𝑥 + sin2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

cos 𝑥
3. න 2 𝑑𝑥 8. න(1 + 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥
sin 𝑥 1
4. න 2 𝑑𝑥 9. න 𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥 sec 𝑥 cot 𝑥
1
5. න csc 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 10. න 2 2 𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥