Scribd
Upload
35 views

Structures Programming

The document discusses structures in C++ programming, including how to declare a structure with different member types, how to define structure variables, and how to access members of a structure using the dot operator. It provides examples of declaring a structure for student data and retrieving values from structure members, as well as examples of using arrays of structures to store multiple records.

Uploaded by

intensity
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views

Structures Programming

The document discusses structures in C++ programming, including how to declare a structure with different member types, how to define structure variables, and how to access members of a structure using the dot operator. It provides examples of declaring a structure for student data and retrieving values from structure members, as well as examples of using arrays of structures to store multiple records.

Uploaded by

intensity
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

CHAPTER 4

ARRAY & STRUCTURES


4.2
STRUCTURES
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES :

CLO1:
Apply program structure and debugging process in C++
programming language accordingly.
CLO2:
Design programs using appropriate control structures,
arrays, structures, functions and pointers.
CLO3:
Solve problems using C++ programming language
environment with proper coding style guidelines and take in
the security issues into consideration.
What is a Structure ?
• A structure is a group of data elements grouped
together under one name.

• These data elements, known as members, can


have different types and different lengths.
Difference between
Structure & Array
• Arrays are collections of the same data
type
• Structure is a collection of variables under
a single name
How to Declare Structures
• Syntax (uses keyword ‘struct’)

struct structure_name
{
member_type1 member_name1;
member_type2 member_name2;
member_type3 member_name3;
.
.
} object_names;
How to Declare Structures
• Explanation for the syntax
- structure_name is a name for the structure type, object_name
can be a set of valid identifiers for objects(variables) that have
the type of this structure.
- Within braces { } there is a list with the data members, each
one is specified with a type and a valid identifier as its name.
- Once a data structure is declared, a new type with the
identifier specified as structure_name is
created and can be used in the rest of
the program as if it was any other type.
How to Declare Structures
Sample :
keyword

structure name

struct Employer
{
int emp_id;
char emp_name[30]; structure members

float salary;
};
How to Declare Structures
• In the previous sample, it is seen that variables of
different types such as int, float and char are
grouped in a single structure name Employer
• After declaring the structure, the next step is to define
a structure variable
How to Declare Structures
• This is similar to variable declaration.
• For variable declaration, data type is defined
followed by variable name:
int name;
• For structure variable declaration, the data type is
the name of the structure followed by the structure
variable name .
How to Declare Structures
• From the previous sample

Structure name

Employer one;
Structure
variable name
How to Declare Structures
What happens when this is defined?

• It allocates or reserves space in memory


• The memory space allocated will be cumulative of
all defined structure members
More appropriate codes

struct Employer {
int emp_id;
char emp_name[30];
float salary;
};
Employer one;
How to access structure
members?
• To access structure members, the operator used is
the dot operator denoted by (.)
• If we want to assign 2000 for the structure member
salary :
one.salary = 2000;

Structure variable structure members


name
Complete C++ Program on How to
access structures members
#include <iostream.h>
void main()
{
struct student
{
char name[30];
char regnum[12];
int age;
};
student id;
cout << "Enter student name : ";
cin >> id.name;
cout << "Enter reg num : ";
cin >> id.regnum;
cout << "Enter age : ";
cin >> id.age;
}
How to retrieve data from the
structure members?
• The same way we accessing them
• Eg:
id.name;
Complete C++ Program
(Cont.. from previous program)
#include <iostream.h>
void main() cout <<"\nYou have entered :";
{ cout <<"\nName :"<<id.name;
struct student cout <<"\nReg Num :"<<id.regnum;
{ cout <<"\nAge :"<<id.age;
char name[30]; }
char regnum[12];
int age;
};
student id;
cout << "Enter student name : ";
cin >> id.name;
cout << "Enter reg num : ";
cin >> id.regnum;
cout << "Enter age : ";
cin >> id.age;
Complete C++ Program (multiple data)
Sample 1 :
#include <iostream.h>
void main()
{ for ( i = 0; i < 2; i++ )
struct student {
{ cout <<"\nYou have entered :";
char name[30]; cout <<"\nName :"<<id[i].name;
char regnum[12]; cout <<"\nReg Num:"<<id[i].regnum;
int age; cout <<"\nAge :"<<id[i].age;
}; }
student id[2]; }
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++ )
{
cout << "Enter student name : ";
cin >> id[i].name;
cout << "Enter reg num : ";
cin >> id[i].regnum;
cout << "Enter age : ";
cin >> id[i].age;
}
Sample 2 :
#include <iostream.h>
#include <cstring.h>
struct person
{
int id;
string name;
};
int main()
{
person testst[2];
testst[0].id=1;
testst[0].name="Ali";
testst[1].id=2;
testst[1].name="Ahmad";
cout<<"For id ="<<testst[0].id <<",the person name is"<<testst[0].name<<endl;
cout<<"For id ="<<testst[1].id <<",the person name is"<<testst[1].name;
}
Try this!!!
• Define a type named Course that would
appropriate for storing course information.
Include components named code (for
example, F2037), course name(array of
character), credit hour( an integer)
Answer :
#include<iostream.h>

void main()
{
struct Course
{
char code[6];
char course_name[30];
int credit_hour;
}subject;

cout<<"Enter code:";
cin>>subject.code;

cout<<"Enter course name:";


cin>>subject.course_name;

cout<<"Enter credit hour:";


cin>>subject.credit_hour;

cout<<"Code:"<<subject.code<<endl;
cout<<"Course name:"<<subject.course_name<<endl;
cout<<"Credit hour:"<<subject.credit_hour<<endl;
}

You might also like