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    Lens - 1

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    zbench
    Lenses are optical devices that refract light to focus or disperse beams. Simple lenses have a single transparent piece of material like glass or plastic ground into a desired shape, while compound lenses contain multiple elements. Lenses can focus light to form images unlike prisms. Common types of simple lenses include plano-convex, plano-concave, and biconvex lenses. The history of lenses dates back thousands of years, with early uses including burning glasses and corrective lenses, leading to modern applications like microscopes, telescopes, and eyeglasses.

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    Lens - 1

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    zbench
    31 views2 pages
    Lenses are optical devices that refract light to focus or disperse beams. Simple lenses have a single transparent piece of material like glass or plastic ground into a desired shape, while compound lenses contain multiple elements. Lenses can focus light to form images unlike prisms. Common types of simple lenses include plano-convex, plano-concave, and biconvex lenses. The history of lenses dates back thousands of years, with early uses including burning glasses and corrective lenses, leading to modern applications like microscopes, telescopes, and eyeglasses.

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    LENTILLAS ESPECIALS DIFERENTES

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    Lenses are optical devices that refract light to focus or disperse beams. Simple lenses have a single transparent piece of material like glass or plastic ground into a desired shape, while compound lenses contain multiple elements. Lenses can focus light to form images unlike prisms. Common types of simple lenses include plano-convex, plano-concave, and biconvex lenses. The history of lenses dates back thousands of years, with early uses including burning glasses and corrective lenses, leading to modern applications like microscopes, telescopes, and eyeglasses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views2 pages

    Lens - 1

    Uploaded by

    zbench
    Lenses are optical devices that refract light to focus or disperse beams. Simple lenses have a single transparent piece of material like glass or plastic ground into a desired shape, while compound lenses contain multiple elements. Lenses can focus light to form images unlike prisms. Common types of simple lenses include plano-convex, plano-concave, and biconvex lenses. The history of lenses dates back thousands of years, with early uses including burning glasses and corrective lenses, leading to modern applications like microscopes, telescopes, and eyeglasses.

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    1/8/2020 Lens - Wikipedia

    Lens
    A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a
    light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single
    piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of
    several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common
    axis. Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic, and are
    ground and polished or molded to a desired shape. A lens can focus
    light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without
    focusing. Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation
    other than visible light are also called lenses, such as microwave
    lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses.

    A biconvex lens
    Contents
    History
    Construction of simple lenses
    Types of simple lenses
    Lensmaker's equation
    Sign convention for radii of curvature R1 and R2
    Thin lens approximation
    Imaging properties
    Magnification
    Aberrations
    Spherical aberration
    Coma
    Chromatic aberration
    Other types of aberration
    Aperture diffraction
    Compound lenses
    Non spherical types
    Lenses can be used to focus
    Uses light
    See also
    References
    Bibliography
    External links
    Simulations

    History
    The word lens comes from lēns , the Latin name of the lentil, because a double-convex lens is lentil-shaped.
    The lentil plant also gives its name to a geometric figure.[1]
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens#Types_of_simple_lenses 1/16
    1/8/2020 Lens - Wikipedia

    Some scholars argue that the archeological evidence indicates that there
    was widespread use of lenses in antiquity, spanning several millennia.[2]
    The so-called Nimrud lens is a rock crystal artifact dated to the 7th
    century BC which may or may not have been used as a magnifying glass,
    or a burning glass.[3][4][5] Others have suggested that certain Egyptian
    hieroglyphs depict "simple glass meniscal lenses".[6]
    Light being refracted by a spherical
    The oldest certain reference to the use of lenses is from Aristophanes' play glass container full of water. Roger
    The Clouds (424 BC) mentioning a burning-glass.[7] Pliny the Elder (1st Bacon, 13th century
    century) confirms that burning-glasses were known in the Roman
    period.[8] Pliny also has the earliest known reference to the use of a
    corrective lens when he mentions that Nero was said to watch the
    gladiatorial games using an emerald (presumably concave to correct for
    nearsightedness, though the reference is vague).[9] Both Pliny and Seneca
    the Younger (3 BC–65 AD) described the magnifying effect of a glass
    globe filled with water.

    Ptolemy (2nd century) wrote a book on Optics, which however survives


    only in the Latin translation of an incomplete and very poor Arabic
    translation. The book was, however, received, by medieval scholars in the Lens for LSST, a planned sky
    Islamic world, and commented upon by Ibn Sahl (10th century), who was surveying telescope
    in turn improved upon by Alhazen (Book of Optics, 11th century). The
    Arabic translation of Ptolemy's Optics became available in Latin
    translation in the 12th century (Eugenius of Palermo 1154). Between the 11th and 13th century "reading
    stones" were invented. These were primitive plano-convex lenses initially made by cutting a glass sphere in
    half. The medieval (11th or 12th century) rock crystal Visby lenses may or may not have been intended for use
    as burning glasses.[10]

    Spectacles were invented as an improvement of the "reading stones" of the high medieval period in Northern
    Italy in the second half of the 13th century.[11] This was the start of the optical industry of grinding and
    polishing lenses for spectacles, first in Venice and Florence in the late 13th century,[12] and later in the
    spectacle-making centres in both the Netherlands and Germany.[13] Spectacle makers created improved types
    of lenses for the correction of vision based more on empirical knowledge gained from observing the effects of
    the lenses (probably without the knowledge of the rudimentary optical theory of the day).[14][15] The practical
    development and experimentation with lenses led to the invention of the compound optical microscope
    around 1595, and the refracting telescope in 1608, both of which appeared in the spectacle-making centres in
    the Netherlands.[16][17]

    With the invention of the telescope and microscope there was a great deal of experimentation with lens shapes
    in the 17th and early 18th centuries by those trying to correct chromatic errors seen in lenses. Opticians tried
    to construct lenses of varying forms of curvature, wrongly assuming errors arose from defects in the spherical
    figure of their surfaces.[18] Optical theory on refraction and experimentation was showing no single-element
    lens could bring all colours to a focus. This led to the invention of the compound achromatic lens by Chester
    Moore Hall in England in 1733, an invention also claimed by fellow Englishman John Dollond in a 1758
    patent.

    Construction of simple lenses


    Most lenses are spherical lenses: their two surfaces are parts of the surfaces of spheres. Each surface can be
    convex (bulging outwards from the lens), concave (depressed into the lens), or planar (flat). The line joining
    the centres of the spheres making up the lens surfaces is called the axis of the lens. Typically the lens axis

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens#Types_of_simple_lenses 2/16

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