Electrical Machines Tutorials

ELECTRICAL MACHINES TUTORIALS
PART I : DC GENERATORS

TUTORIAL 1 :
A 400V, 8-pole, 600 rpm DC machine has 100 slots. Each slot contains 40 conductors. The
flux per pole is 0.01 Weber .what type of winding is used?
TUTORIAL 2 :
A 100kW, 230V, shunt generator has Ra=0.05Ω and Rf=57.5 Ω. The generator has a total
mechanical and core loss of 1.8kW. If the generator operates at rated voltage, calculate the
induced voltage and the generator efficiency at:
a. Full-load.
b. Half full-load.
TUTORIAL 3:
A shunt generator has a field resistance of 60 Ω. When the generator delivers 6 kW, the
terminal voltage is 120 V, while the generated EMF is 133 V. Determine:
a. The armature resistance,
b. The generated EMF when the output is 2 kW at terminal voltage of 135 V.
TUTORIAL 4:
A separately excited DC generator has rated terminal voltage and full load armature current of
200v and 50 A respectively and rated speed of 1500 rpm. The generator armature resistance
Ra=0.1Ω and field resistance Rf =100Ω and field voltage of 150v. Calculate:
a. The induced emf and torque at full load.
b. The emf, armature current and terminal voltage at rated speed when the field voltage is
changed to 100 v.
c. The developed torque at rated speed when the field voltage is changed to 120 v.
d. The emf, armature current and terminal voltage at half rated speed when the field
voltage is changed to 200 v
TUTORIAL 5:
A short-shunt compound generator has armature, shunt fi eld and series fi eld resistances of
0.5Ω, 100 Ω , and 0.3 Ω respectively. When supplying a load of 8 kW at a terminal voltage of
250 V the input power supplied by the driving motor is 10.4 kW. Calculate
a. the generated emf,
b. the effi ciency,
c. the iron, friction and windage loss,
d. the total fixed losses.
TUTORIAL 6:
A self excited DC shunt generator (20 kW, 200 V, 1800 rpm) has Ra = 0.1 Ω, R fw = 150 Ω. Assume that
Ea = Vt at no load. Data for the magnetization curve at 1800 rpm are:
a. Determine the maximum generated voltage
b. At full-load condition, Vt = Vt(rated), Ia = Ia(rated), If If = 1.25 A. Determine the value
of the field control resistance Rfc,
c. Determine the electromagnetic power and torque developed at full-load condition
PART II : DC MOTORS

TUTORIAL 1 :
A 50-h.p. (37.3 kW), 460-V DC shunt motor running light takes a current of 4 A and runs at a
speed of 660 r.p.m. The resistance of the armature circuit (including brushes) is 0.3 Ω and that
of the shunt field circuit 270 Ω. Determine when the motor is running at full load
a. the current input
b. the speed.
c. Determine the armature current at which efficiency is maximum. Ignore the effect of
armature reaction.
TUTORIAL 2 :
A 6-pole, 500-V wave-connected shunt motor has 1200 armature conductors and useful
flux/pole of 20 mWb. The armature and field resistance are 0.5 Ω and 250 Ω respectively.. If
magnetic and mechanical losses amount to 900 W, find
a. What will be the speed and torque developed by the motor when it draws 20 A from the
supply mains ? Neglect armature reaction
b. useful torque (ii) output in kW
c. efficiency at this load.
TUTORIAL 3 :
A 7.46 kW, 250-V shunt motor takes a line current of 5 A when running light. Calculate the
efficiency as a motor when delivering full load output, if the armature and field resistance are
0.5 Ω and 250 Ω respectively. At what output power will the efficiency be maximum ? Is it
possible to obtain this output from the machine ?
TUTORIAL 4:
A 4-pole 250-V, DC series motor has a wave-wound armature with 496 conductors.
Calculate If the motor current is 50 A The value of flux per pole under these conditions is 22
mWb and the corresponding iron, friction and windage losses total 810 W. Armature
resistance = 0.19 Ω, field resistance = 0.14 Ω.
a. the gross torque
b. the speed
c. the output torque
d. the efficiency
If the motor current is 50 A The value of flux per pole under these conditions is 22 mWb and
the corresponding iron, friction and windage losses total 810 W. Armature resistance = 0.19
Ω, field resistance = 0.14 Ω.
TUTORIAL 5:
On no-load, a shunt motor takes 5 A at 250 V, the resistances of the field and armature
circuits are 250 Ω and 0.1 Ω respectively. Calculate the output power and efficiency of the
motor when the total supply current is 81 A at the same supply voltage. State any
assumptions made.
TUTORIAL 6:
A 230 V series motor is taking 50 A. Resistance of armature and series field windings is 0.2 Ω and 0.1
Ω respectively. Calculate :
a. brush voltage
b. back e.m.f.
c. power wasted in armature
d. mechanical power developed
TUTORIAL 7:
A d.c. series motor on full-load takes 50 A from 230 V d.c. mains. The total resistance of the
motor is 0.22 Ω. If the iron and friction losses together amount to 5% of the input, calculate
the power delivered by the motor shaft. Total voltage drop due to the brush contact is 2 A.
TUTORIAL 8:
A d.c. shunt motor with interpoles has the following particulars : Output power ; 8,952 kW,
440-V, armature resistance 1.1 Ω, brush contact drop 2 V, interpole winding resistance 0.4 Ω
shunt resistance 650 Ω, resistance in the shunt regulator 50 Ω. Iron and friction losses on full-
load 450 W. Calculate the efficiency when taking the full rated current of 24 A.
TUTORIAL 9:
A 220 V shunt motor has armature and field resistances of 0.2 Ω and 220 Ω respectively. The
motor is driving load torque, TL= n2 and running at 1000 rpm drawing 10 A current from the
supply. Calculate the new speed and armature current if an external armature resistance of
value 5 Ω is inserted in the armature circuit. Neglect armature reaction and saturation.
TUTORIAL 10:
A 220 V d.c series motor has armature and field resistances of 0.15 Ω and 0.10 Ω
respectively. It takes a current of 30 A from the supply while running at 1000 rpm. If an
external resistance of 1 Ω is inserted in series with the motor, calculate the new steady state
armature current and the speed. Assume the load torque is proportional to the square of the
speed i.e., TL = n2.
TUTORIAL 11:
A 220 V shunt DC motor has an armature resistance of 0.2 Ω and a field resistance of 110 Ω.
At no-load, the motor runs at 1000 rpm and it draws a current of 7 A. At full-load, the input
to the motor is 11 kW. Determine the speed regulation of the motor at full-load conditions.
TUTORIAL 12:
A shunt machine is running as a motor off a 500 Vsystem, taking an armature current of 50
A. If the field current is suddenly increased so as to increase the flux by 20 per cent, calculate
the value of the current that would momentarily be fed back into the mains. Neglect the shunt
current and assume the resistance of the armature circuit to be 0.5 Ω.
TUTORIAL 13:
A shunt motor is running off a 220 V supply taking an armature current of 15 A, the
resistance of the armature circuit being 0.8 Ω. Calculate the value of the generated e.m.f. If
the flux were suddenly reduced by 10 per cent, to what value would the armature current
increase momentarily?
TUTORIAL 14:
A six-pole d.c. motor has a wave-connected armature with 87 slots, each containing six
conductors. The flux per pole is 20 mWb and the armature has a resistance of 0.13 Ω.
Calculate the speed when the motor is running off a 240 V supply and taking an armature
current of 80 A. Calculate also the torque, in N m, developed by the armature.
TUTORIAL 15:
A four-pole, 460 V shunt motor has its armature wave-wound with 888 conductors. The
useful flux per pole is 0.02 Wb and the resistance of the armature circuit is 0.7 Ω. If the
armature current is 40 A, calculate:
a. the speed;
b. (b) the torque in N m.
TUTORIAL 16:
A four-pole motor has its armature lap-wound with 1040 conductors and runs at 1000 r/min
when taking an armature current of 50 A from a 250 V d.c. supply. The resistance of the
armature circuit is 0.2 Ω. Calculate:
a. the useful flux per pole;
b. the torque developed by the armature in N.m
PART III : SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS

TUTORIAL 1:
The primary winding of a single-phase transformer is connected to a 230-V, 50Hz supply.
The secondary windings has 1500 turns. If the maximum value of the core flux is
0.00207Wb, and maximum flux density is 0.465 Tesla. Determine :
a. the number of turns on the primary winding
b. the secondary induced voltage
c. the net cross-sectionnal area of the core
TUTORIAL 2:
A 6600V/250V,50Hz, single phase, core type transformer has a core section 25x25cm2 .if the
space factor 0.9 and the maximum flux in the core is 1.2T, find ;
a. the number of turns on the secondary winding
b. the number of turns on the primary winding
TUTORIAL 3:
A 10 kV A single-phase transformer, for 2000 V/400 V at no load, has resistances and
leakage reactances as follows. Primary winding: resistance, 5.5 Ω; reactance, 12 Ω.
Secondary winding: resistance, 0.2 Ω; reactance, 0.45 Ω. Determine the approximate value of
the secondary voltage at full load, 0.8 power factor (lagging), when the primary supply
voltage is 2000 V
TUTORIAL 4:
A 75 kV A transformer, rated at 11 000 V/230 V on no load, requires 310 V across the
primary to circulate full-load currents on short-circuit, the power absorbed being 1.6 kW.
Determine:
a. the percentage voltage regulation;
b. the full-load secondary terminal voltage for power factors
i. unity,
ii. 0.8 lagging
iii. (iii) 0.8 leading.
If the input power to the transformer on no load is 0.9 kW, calculate the per-unit efficiency at
full load and at half load for power factor 0.8 and find the load (in kV A) at which the
efficiency is a maximum.
TUTORIAL 5:
A single-phase transformer is rated at 10 kV A, 230 V/100 V. When the secondary terminals
are open-circuited and the primary winding is supplied at normal voltage (230 V), the current
input is 2.6 A at a power factor of 0.3. When the secondary terminals are short-circuited, a
voltage of 18 V applied to the primary causes the full-load current (100 A) to flow in
the secondary, the power input to the primary being 240 W. Calculate:
a. the efficiency of the transformer at full load, unity power factor;
b. the load at which maximum efficiency occurs;
c. the value of the maximum efficiency
PART IV : THREE PHASE TRANSFORMERS

TUTORIAL 1:
A three-phase transformer has its primary winding delta-connected and its secondary winding
starconnected. The number of turns per phase on theprimary is four times that on the
secondary, and the secondary line voltage is 400 V. A balanced load of 20 kW, at power
factor 0.8, is connected across the secondary terminals. Assuming an ideal transformer,
calculate the primary voltage and the phase and line currents on the secondary and primary
sides. Sketch a circuit diagram and indicate the values of the voltages and currents on the
diagram.
TUTORIAL 2:
A 50 Hz, three-phase, core-type transformer is connected star–delta and has a line voltage
ratio of 11000/400 V. The cross-section of the core is square with a circumscribing circle of
0.6m diameter. If the maximum flux density is about 1.2 T, calculate the number of turns per
phase on the low-voltage and on the high-voltage windings. Assume the insulation to occupy
10 per cent of the gross core area.

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ELECTRICAL MACHINES TUTORIALS

PART I : DC GENERATORS

PART II : DC MOTORS

PART III : SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS

PART IV : THREE PHASE TRANSFORMERS

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