TH E J O

S E PH WIL L IA M S S E R IE S O F HA N D B KS O N M US IC OO
UND E R TH E R S E P NS IB E E DI T R S H I POO F S T E W A R TLM A C PH ER S O ON

M E L O D Y A N D H A R M O NY

A TR E A TIS E FO R TH E

TE A CH E R A ND TH E S T UD E N T

ST EW A RT MA C PHERSO N
r r
( Fellow P ofesso a nd Le ctu e Roya l A ca demy of M u s ic ;
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BO O K I . BO O K I I . BO O K III .

M EL ODI C M OV E M E N T . E L E M ENT A RY H AR M ONI C AD VA N CE D H AR M ON Y .

P R O RESS ION
G .

( P RI CE FO UR SHI LLINGS AND S IX ENCE NE T EA CH) P

T HE CO MP LETE VOLUME , CLOTH BOARDS ( WITH ANALYTICAL IN DEX BY SYLVIA E

IN .

I RICE TWELVE S HILL INGS AND S IXPENCE NET

’

L O ND O N :
J O S E PH W I L L I A M S ,
L I MITED

32, G R EAT PO RTLA ND STRE E T W , . 1

U TRAL IA
A S Ne w Z EAIA ND
D . D AW S Co . Ln ,
, Sy d n ey A . A . CO RRI AN
G Co . LT D .
, Wellin gt o n
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st n
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T HE B F . . WOO D MUSIC C0 Bo o
 T A BL E O F C O NT E NT S .

P REFACE
D I RECT ION S TH E T EACHER
To

I N TR OD UCT O RY C HAPTER
C HA TE R
P PA R T I .

I THE LI NE
S IN G L E M E L O D IC
D UAL M EL ODI C L I N ES — MAJ O R KEY
.
_

lI
M INO R KEY
.

( c o n t in u e d ) I RST STA ES O F FL O R I D MEL ODI C M OV E M E N T

F G
L O R ID M EL ODI C M OV E M E N T ( S EC OND S G )
.

F TA E
T H E U O F H TI E SE T E

( )
I C ERTA IN E SSE N T I AL D I SS ON A N CES
‘ ’

(2 ) FURTH ER US E S O F TH E MEL ODI C M I NO R

V II T HREE PART M EL ODI C W R I T IN
-
G
FO UR PART M E L ODI C W R I T IN
.

VI II -
G
S UPPLE M E N TARY E X ERC I SES
.

(a t en d f Bo ok )
o

PA RT II .

IX . H AR MONI C P R O G RESS ION — T H E P R I M ARY I R IA D S

E RRAT U M . P 70 F . , . Ex 4 . .

Th e lat t e r par t of the abo ve n am e d e x e rc i se s h o u ld re a d as

- fo llo w s

( 5) D L L U N U A NY INVO LVI N G U SE OF M EL ODI C M I NO R S CALE

C HR O M AT I CALLY ALTERE D C H O R D S -

C H O R D S O F TH E N IN TH :

( ) T H E C H O R D O F H D O M IN A N T N I N T H
I T E

( ) S EC OND ARY C H O R D S O F TH E N IN TH
2
T H E C H O R D O F THE D O M I N A N T E LE V E N TH
T H E C H O R D O F THE D O M IN A N T T H I RTEE N TH
C H R O M AT I C H AR M ON Y :

( I ) T H E S UPERT ONI C C H M TR I AD RO A I IC

( ) T H E S U ERT ONI C C H R O M AT I C C H O R D O F H
2 P ES E V E N T H T

( 3 ) T H E TONI C C H R O M AT I C C H O R D OI TH E S E V E N TH «

XXV II C H R O MAT I C C H O R D S O F TH E N I N TH E LE V E N TH A ND T H I RTEE N TH :

( I ) S U ER T ONI C A ND TONI C N IN TH S
.

P
S ONI ND TONI I A ND T HI RTEE N T HS
.

( ) UPER T 2C A C E N I
— LEV E I S
XX V I II C H R O M AT I CALLY ALTERE D C H O R D S ( c ti d ) on nue

T H E C H O R D O F THE A U M E N TE D S I X TH
.

G
XX IX M OD ULAT ION ( in u d ) c o nt e :

( I ) C H R O M AT I C P IVO T CH O R D S
.

( ) E N HAR M ONI C M OD ULAT ION

2

A PPE NDI X A CON CER NIN G S EQUE N CES A ND P E D ALS ( I ) S EQUE N CES :

( ) P E D ALS
.

2
B S EC I AL PI A NO F O RTE I DIO M S
P
CON CER NIN G TH E N O TAT ION O F TH E C H R O M AT IC S CALE
.

C
T HE E CCLES I AST I CAL M OD ES
.

D
T H E S TR I N G QUARTET
.

E
M I SCELLA N E O US E X ERC I SES (W H P REL I M IN AR YN O I E )
.

F II
G GL O SSARY O F T ECH N I CAL T ER M S
.

A N Y I I CAL I ND E X
'
AL

J W . . T 3 447 .
 T A BL E OF C O NT E NT S .

P REFACE
D I RECT ION S T O TH E T EACH ER
I N TR OD UCT O RY C HAPTER
C HA T ER
P PA R T I .

I TH E LI NE
S IN C L E M E L O D IC
D UAL M EL ODI C L I N ES — MAJ O R KEY
.

II
M INO R KEY
.

I RST S T A ES O F FL O R I D MEL ODI C MOV E M E N T

( c o n t in u e d ) : F G
L O R ID M EL ODI C M OV E M E N T ( S EC OND S TA G E )
”

F
T H E U O F TH E TI E SE
( I ) C ERTA IN E SSE N T I AL D I SS ON A N CES
‘ ’

( ) FURTHER USES O F TH E MEL ODI C M I NO R

2
V II T H REE PART M EL ODI C W R I T IN
-
G
FO UR PART M EL ODI C W R I T IN
.

VI II -
G
S UPPLE M E N TARY E X ERC I SES
.

( t d f B /) a en o oo e

PA R T II .

H AR M ONI C P R O G RESS ION — T H E P R I M ARY T R I A D S

FURTHER USE O F TH E P R I M ARY T R I A D S
T H E I NV ERS ION S O F TH E P R I M ARY T R I A D S
( I ) T H E FI RST I NV ERS ION
T H E I NV ERS ION S O F TH E P R I M ARY T R I A D S( c
.

ti d) on nu e

( ) T H E S EC OND INV ERS ION

2
X II I T H E S EC OND ARY T R I A D S O F I H E MAJ O R O R M INO R KEY
( I ) T HE S UPER T ONI C A ND S U BM E DI A N T C H O R D S
.

X IV T HE S EC OND ARY T R I A D S O F TH E MA J O R O R M INO R KEY ( c t i d ) on n ue

( ) T H E T R I A D S UP ON TH E M E DI A N T A ND L EA DI N G
.

2
T H E C H O R D O TH E D O M IN A N T S E V E N TH
F
T H E H AR M ONI C A SPECT O F S USPE N S ION S
( I ) T H E USES O F TH E A CCE N TE D P ASS IN G NO TE O R A P O G G I ATURA -
P
T N O P IN NO — A N T I C I PAT ION S
,

( )
2 H E FREER TR EAT M E T F ASS G TES -

T H E MEL ODI C M I NO R S CALE I N C H O R D F O R M AT ION -

M OD ULAT ION (E X PER I M E N TAL S TU D I ES IN)

PA R T II I .

S EC OND ARY C H O R D S O F TH E S E V E N TH :

( I ) FI RST O R N O R M AL R ES O LUT ION

XXI S EC OND ARY C H O R D S O F THE S EV E N TH ( c i d ) o n t n ue
:

( ) FREER R ES O LUT ION S

.

( 3 ) S EC OND ARY S E V E N THS INVO L VI N USE M EL ODI C M INO R S CALE G OF

C HR O M AT I CALLY ALTERE D C H O R D S
,
-

C H O R D S O F TH E N IN T H :

( I ) T H E C H O R D O F TH E D O M I N A N T N IN TH
( ) S EC OND ARY C H O R D S O F TH E N IN TH
2
T H E C H O R D O F THE D O M I N A N T E LE V E N TH
T H E C H O R D O F THE D O M IN A N T T H I RT E E N TH
C H R O MAT I C HAR M ON Y :

( ) TH E S I N C HR O M A T I C T R I A D
U PER T O IC

( ) T H E S UPERT ON I C C H R O M AT I C C H O R D O F HE S E V E N T H
2 T

( 3 ) T HE TONI C C HR O M AT I C C H O R D O F TH E S E V E N TH
XX V I I C H R O MA T I C C H O R D S O F THE N IN TH E LE V E N TH A ND T H I RT E E N TH :

( I ) S UPERT ONI C A ND TONI C N IN T HS

.

A ND TONI C E L E V E N T HS A ND T H N H
.

( ) S 2 N U PE R I O IC S IR I E E T
XX VIII C H R O M AT I CALLY ALT E RE D C H O R D S ( c ti d ) on nu e :

T H E C H O R D O F TH E A U M E N TE D S I X TH
.

G
XX IX M OD ULAT ION ( c ti d ) on n ue :

( ) C HR O M AT I C P IVO T CH O R D S
.

I -

( ) E N HAR M ONI C M OD ULAT ION

2

A PPE NDI X A CON CER NIN S EQUE N CES A ND P E D ALS ( I S EQUE N CES
G :

P E D ALS
.

( 2
B S PEC I AL PI A NO F O RTE I DIO MS
CON CER NIN G I H E N OTAT ION THE CHR O M AT I C S CALE
.

C OF
E CCLES I AST I CAL M OD ES
.

D TH E
T H E S TR I N QUARTET
.

E G
M I SCELLA N E O US E X ERC I SES (W I TH P REL I M IN A RYN OT E )
.

F
G G LO SSARY O F T ECH NI CAL T ER M S
.

A N A LYT I CAL I ND E X
.

J W . . 1 3 4 47
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T he t h an k s fb hA h
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41 .
 PR E FA C E .

1 . p resen t v o l u m e i s an atte m p t t o sol v e c ert ain p ractical di ffic u l tie s c on n e cted w ith
TH E
t he e d u ca tio n o f t h e m us ici an O f r e cen t y e ar s vie ws c o n cer n in g t h e a ct u al v a l u e o f H ar m o n y
.

s t u d y an d t h e m e th o d o f it s p re sen t ati on h ave u n d er go n e a w h o l e so m e an d v er y w e l co m e

,

ch an g e I n stead o f b ei n g re g ard ed so l e ly as a p r ep ar ation f o r t h e w ork o f t h e w ou ld be

.
-

c o mp o ser it i s beg in n in g t o t ak e it s rig htful pl ac e i n t he m u s ical d e v elo pm en t o f t he average

,

s tu d en t as a n atu ral c oro ll ar y o f hi s e l e m e n t ar y aural train i n g b o th m elo di c an d r h y th mi c

, ,
.

2 . I t h as grad u all y been fo r ce d u p o n t he m in d s o f t each er s th at t he r eal o bj e ct o f

t h e st u d y o f H arm o n y i s t o h e lp t h e s t u d en t w h o se e ar i s as yet u n d e v e l o p e d t o hear an d t o
'

thi n k in t er ms o f so u n d c o mbin atio ns an d p r o g re ss io n s — a w or k o f real pra ctical di ffi cu lt y t o

-

m an y — an d th at in ord e r t o achie v e thi s e nd he mu s t fro m t he v er y o u t se t l ear n t o m ake

, ,

e xp er im en t a l fi rst h an d u se o f hi s m a ter ial

,
-
T hi s h as le d t o t he c o n victi o n th at t he u s u al
.

fi g ured b ass (w hich o f c ou rs e ca n be w o rked b y t he s tu d en t in su ch a w ay th at n o act al h ar

, ,
u

m on ic t hin kin is d o n e b y him i n t he p r o ce ss) i s sav e in a v er y l i m ite d d e gr ee o f l itt l e o r n o , ,

real v al u e as t e act u al b a s i s o f hi s s t u d i e s I t has th u s c o m e ab o u t th at t he h ar m on i z atio n

.

o f m elo d i e s an d u n fi g u r e d b a ss e s h as a ss u m e d an i mp or t an c e th at it f or m e rl y d i d n o t p o ss e s s ,

an d m u ch pr ogr e ss has b e e n m ad e i n thi s di re ction t o s ti m u l ate t he p u p i l s h arm o nic ’

p er ce p tio n A l th o ug h a f e w fi g ure d b asse s w ill be fo u n d am o ng s t t he e x erci se s i n thi s b o o k

.
,

t he s ch e m e o f t e achi n g d e e l o p e d i n it d e p e n d s v er y l itt l e u p on th e m
v .

3 . But i n t h e earlie s t s t ag es o f t he s t u d y at t h e p o in t w h er e c o n s t ru ctiv e h ar m o n y w o rk

,
-

s h o u l d lin k u p wi th t he p u p il s pre v io us au r al train i ng a v er y d is tin ct an d u n fo r t un ate

’
,

lac una h as e x is te d I n s te ad o f b e i n g t au g ht f ro m t he v er y fi r s t ho w t o m ak e e xp er im en t al
.

u se o f t h e l i m it e d v o c ab u l ar y a t hi s c o m m an d i n t he e ar ly s t a es o f hi s s t u d y — a v o c ab u l ar y
g ,

it m ay be at t he tim e o f o n ly a c o u ple o f ch or d s — an d t o e xpr e ss so m e thin g m u sic al b y th e ir

,

m ean s hi s fi r s t w o r k i n m e l od y h ar m o n i z atio n has t o o f re q u e n tl y r e q u ire d a k no wl e d g e o f

,
-

cho rd effe ct and ch o rd p r ogr essio n far b ey o n d hi s p o wer s at t he m o m en t I t h as thu s b e en

- -
.

n e ce ssar y t o p r e c e d e his a tt e mp t s i n thi s d i r e ctio n b y t h e l ear n i n

g o f a g re at man y p ur ely
i n te ll e ctu al facts re l a tiv e t o a v ari e t y o f ch ord s an d t o c o m m it t o m e mor y a n u m b er o f r ules ,

as t o th eir t r ea t m en t I n o ther w o r ds h e h as h ad t o learn a bo u t ch o rd s ra th er th an t o l ea rn

.
, ,

t h e m u s ical v al ue o f t he ch o rd s th e ms e l v e s fr o m practic al e xp erie n c e o f th e ir h abit s an d

fu n ctions .

4 . I t is o bvio u s th at t he s u cc e ss f ul h ar mo niz atio n o f a m elo d y (e ith er f o r v o ice s or f or

In s t ru m e n t s d e p en d s fir s t a n d f o re m o s t u p o n t he ch ar a ct er o f t he b a ss T o fo r m a real ly
0

) , , .

oo d b ass a f air ly c o m p r eh e n s iv e r an e o f h ar m o n i e s is n e c e ss ar y an d thi s i n v o l v e s n o t a

gt t le aur al per cep tio n and kn o wle dg e o f m usical eff ect a kn o w l ed g e h ar d ly t o be e xpe cted of
g
, ,

t he a ve ra
ge b g inn e
e r .

5 . In w ith thi s ver y practica l d iffi cul t y n o t a fe w m u s ic ian s ha v e ad vo cated

o rd er t o d eal ,

th a t t he s tu d y o f Cou n t er po in t s h o u l d pre ced e th at o f H ar m on y r ig ht ly fee l in g fi rs t t h at a , , ,

m elod ic c o n c e p tio n o f t h e b ass i s o f p ara m ou n t i mp o r tan c e an d se c o n d ly t hat it i s eas i er t o , , .

b eg in t o ima g in e t he e ffect o f m ere ly t w o p ar t s r unn ing sid e b y s id e tha n t o g r asp th at o f a

co n tin u o u s pro g re ss i o n o f f u ll er h ar m o n ie s Bo th o f the se fact s are in d u bi t ab ly tr ue ; bu t .
,

w hilereco g n iz m g this it s eems that w e n ee d t o take ce r tain o ther m atter s i n to co n s id eratio n

, .

It Wi ll be co n v e n ien t t o set th e se o u t in o r d er
( )
a T o s tar t t he y o u n
g p u p il — pe r h aps little m ore than a
as S tr i ct Co un t er p o i n t o n t he u s ua l u nr h y th mi ca l an d n o t
.

w ould i n all p ro b abilit y so o n h av e t he eff e ct o f m akin g

J . W . 1 3 44 7 .
 i nt
5 ll

ll S a k e u
g M .

w ith m u sic arid all it s w or ks Su ch a pr o ce d ure w o ul d o m it any pro vi si on fo r th at

' fl ’ ‘

e x er ci s e o f t h e i m ag in a ti o n w hich (e sp e ci ally i n t he c as e o f t h e y o u n g p u p i l ) n ee d s t o be
ca ll ed in to pl ay b y m ean s o f d e fi n it e ly r h y th m ical t u ne s p o sse ssin g a d e gre e o f sp rin g
an d o f l ife .

( )
b C ou n t er p o i n t as it i s u su ally t au g ht t o d ay p re s u m e s t h e r e ali z a ti o n o f a h ar
,
-

m o n ic b asi s in t he c ase o f e v en t he si mpl e s t t w o p art e x er ci se ; th er e f ore u nle ss s o m e -

,

ch an ge o f m eth o d i s ad m itt ed t he p u p il i s ag ain fac e t o f ac e w ith t he n e ce ssit y o f

,

l earn in g f act s abo u t ch or d s b e fore h e c an s u cce ss f ully b g in hi s e xp er i m e n t al w o r k e .

Mo reo v er t h e au r a l p er c ep ti o n o f i mpl i ed ab s en t s ou n d s i s m o r e th an h e c an u su all y be

,

e xp e ct ed t o p o ss e ss at thi s e l em en t ar y s ta g e an d w h en it c o m e s t o a c as e s u ch a s t h e,

f ll w i n g
o o he i s sk
a ed to c i
r e o g n z e as an in c o m

t he p oi t i s
n f ar t o o su bt l e f or a be

g i l ss he be g ifted w ith an ab n orm all y acu t e ear

n n er , u n e .

( ) The y o u n g p u p il i s u su all y attr act ed b y t h e r ich an d s on o ro u s e ff ect of f u ll

c

h arm o n ie s and i t i n tere s t s him t o h ear th e m an d t o e xp eri m en t w ith th em I n d e e d in

,
.
.

so m e in st an c e s hi s h arm o n ic in s tin ct i s p er cep tib ly in ad v an c e o f hi s p o w er o f g rasp in g

,

t h e e l ab o r at e k in d o f l in e dr aw in g w hich i s r e pr e sen ted b y w h at i s ( u su ally ) k n o w n as

-

Cou n t er p o in t Wh e n su ch i s t he c as e it w o u l d s e em t o be s o u n d c o mm o n sen se n o t t o
.
-

n e g le ct t he e ar ly c u l tiv a ti o n o f th a t s i d e o f hi s n at u r e w h ere th e r e i s t h e g re at er l ik e

lih o o d o f re sp o n se .

(J ) Strict Co u n ter p o in t i s far t o o h ed g ed i a b y arbitr ar y r u l e s for m u l at e d b y a s u c

-

c e ssio n of theo ri s t s t o be d r eam t o f as a h elp t o w ar d s t h e sp o n t an o u s d evelo p m en t o f a

,
e

y o u n g pu pi l s m u sical sen s e an d it s p er p e t ual T h o u sh al t n ot p re ven t s it fr o m b ein g

’
,
”

i n an y w ay an in sp ir in g ad v e n t ur e in t o w hi ch h e w o uld be like ly t o th r o w hi msel f wi th

'

an y d e gree o f ar d our o r e n th u s i asm .

6 . Wh at th e n i s t o be d o n e I s n o t a p o ss ible s o l u ti on t o be fo u n d n o t b y t eachin g
, , ,

Harmony b ef or e Co u n t er p oin t o r Co u n t er p o i n t b e fo r e H ar m o n y (a s ep a a t e an d e v en at
, ,
s r ,

tim e s c on flictin g s u bj e ct s) b t b y d ealin g w ith t h e m el od ic an d h ar mo n ic elem ent s p ar z

, ,
u .
'

p ass er fr o m t he v er y o u t se t
, The au th o r o f t h e p re s en t v o l u m e has d ur i n g t h e la s t f ew y e ar s
b een le d irre s is tib ly t o this co n clu sion an d t he s ch e m e set for th i n t he s u cc e ed in g p age s i s
,

th ere fore pl ann ed so as t o p re se n t th ese t w o asp ect s o f t he matt er t o t he pu p il conc urr en t ly a s ,

c o mplemen tar y facto r s of o n e com p r eh en siv e w ho l e .

7 . A l th o u g h it w ill be o b s er v e d th at t he b o o k i s d i v i d e d f o r t h e s ak e o f c o n v en i en c e i n t o
t w o m a in p ar t s vi z ( i ) Me l o d ic m o ve m en t an d (ii ) H ar m o n ic p r o gr e ssi o n th e se p ar t s ar e
, .
, ,

n ot t o be s tu d i ed s ep ar at e ly bu t i n t h e c l o s e s t r e l ati o n t o ea ch o t h er th r o u h o u t Th e
, g .

g en e ral i d e a ai m e d at i s s u ffi ci e nt ly i n d ic at ed b y t he title M elo dy an d H ar mo ny .

8 A s m elo d y n a t ur a lly p r ec ed es h ar m o n y ; t h e s tu d en t s fi r s t e x er ci s e s t ake t he f o r m o f ’

t he i n v e n ti o n o f or ig i nal m e l o d ie s Fro m thi s he p ro ce e d s t o t he ad di ti o n o f o ne o th er

.

m e l o d ic p art t o o n e al re ad y g iven th u s arr i v in g at a p oin t at w hich t he n e e d f or t he

,

m el odi ou s b ass i s i mpr essed u p o n hi m O bvio u sly thi s i s also on e o f t he ai ms o f t he o rd in a y

.
,
r

S trict Co u n ter p o in t e x er ci se in t w o p ar t s ; bu t t h e t yp e o f su bj e ct p res en t ed t o hi m at thi s

s tag e d iff ers w id ely f ro m t he u su al Cant o Fer mo (i ) in b e in g al wa ys o f a r h yth m ical and
m el od io u s ch a acte r an d (ii) in b e in g d esig n ed fo r w or k in g u p o n an i nt erval b asi s w ith o u t
,

r ,
-

an y p r e vi o u s k no wl e d e o f h ar m o n y b e in
g g n e c e ss ar y ( Th a t t h e in ter v als h e h as b een u s i n g.

aar m ere l
y i n c o mpl et e ch or ds b ec o m e s c l ear t o hi m a s s o o n a s h e u n d er s t an d s t h e t r i ad an d
It s In versI o n s an d c an a u ra lly re al iz e th e i r c o ns tit u en t p ar t s B thi s m s t h e h amp er i n g
, ) y e a n .

and n ee d l e ss c o mpl ic a ti o n f o r a b e inn er o f thi n ki n o f i mpli e d ch or d s an d ab s e n t n o t e s i s

( g ) g
av oi d ed an d t he a u th or is o f o p i n i o n th at t he p u p i l m a th us be iv e n t h e r i g ht o ri en t ati o n
.

, y g
ro m t h e fi rs t n d m ay h av e s o m e ch an ce o f avoidm e c o m m o n p itf all o f thi nk in g m erel y
f a , g t h
In d ull
process mns o f ch ord b l o c ks -
”
.
 9 . Wh en o n c e th ese fir s t sim ple e x er ci s e s h av e b een accompl i sh e d
m el o d ic m o vem en t (e spe ci ally th a t o f a b ass part ) h as b een t o so m e -
'

st u d en t i s at o n c e c all e d u p o n t o t u r n hi s a tt e ntio n t o t he rea l i zatio n o f

e a sy ch o r d p r o r e ss i o n s T h e se ar e b r o u g ht t o hi s n o tic e g r ad u all y so th a t he m ay p e r ce iv e
g
-
.
,

w ith s o m e d e r e e o f a cc ur ac y th e ir h abits an d t h e ir sp e ci al m u s ic al e ff e ct s an d m ay thu s

g ,

r e c o n i z e w h at m a
g y be d e s c r ib e d as th ei r in d i v id u al p er so n al it y E v er y c h o r d as s oo n as it .
,

i s aurall y p er ceiv ed h as at o n c e t o be u s ed in t he co u r se o f l ittle m u sic al p h rase s w hich he

, ,

h as t o pl a y at t he Pi an o f o r t e an d t o w r it e as a t e s t o f m em or y Si mple m e l o di e s an d .

u n fi u r e d b ass e s ar e th en i hi h n i z e w ith t h e a ct u a l m a t eri a l at hi s c o

g
s o th a t e v er y n e w h ar m o n y m a
g v e n m t o arm o
m m an d ,

y h av e t he ch an ce o f b e c o m i n g f o r him a m e an s o f self
e xp r e ss i o n n o t a m e r e ab s tr acti o n o f w h o s e s o u n d h e h as l itt l e o r n o i d e a
,
The pl an th u s .

i n iti ated o f s t u d y in g m e l o d ic m o v em en t an d h arm on ic pro gr e ss io n c o n curr en t ly i s c on tin u ed

,
“

thro u g h ou t t he p r esen t v o l u m e t he in ter d ep en d en c e o f t he t w o in all mu s ic w o rt h y t he n ame

,

b ein g thu s con s ta nt ly i mp r essed u p on t he pu pi l s m i n d ’

.

10 The v ar i o u s t yp e s o f u n e ssen ti al n o t e s ( t he Passi n g n o t e th e Su sp en s io n an d t he

.
-

A pp o g g i atu r a) ar e d eal t w ith at t h e fi r s t p o ss ib l e m o m en t in acc or d an ce w ith th e i r i mp o r t

, ,

an ce . A s a c o n se q uen c e o f th ei r in tr o d u cti o n at an e l em e n t ar y s ta g e o f t h e s t u d y it h as ,

b een p o ssible fo r m an y o f e v e n t he e ar li e s t e x ercis e s t o be pl an n ed in t he fo r m o f litt l e

i n s t ru m en ta l p iece s in w hich m or eo ver t he ch o r d s ar e o ft en p re s en t ed in br o k en an d
, , ,
“

o rn am en t e d f o r ms s u ch a s ar e t o be f o u n d i n m o s t o f t h e e x ampl e s o f Pi an o f or t e m u s ic w ith
,

w hich t h e s tu d en t i s li k e l y t o be fam i l i ar I n thi s w ay it i s h o p e d th a t h e m ay r easo nab l y

.

g ain a c l ear er i d e a o f t he c l o s e c o n n ex i on o f hi s H ar m o n y s t u d y w ith t he m u sic he pl a ys or -

h ear s than i s us u ally t he case .

11 . Th e u n e ss en ti al n o t e s t o w hich r e f ere n c e has b e en m ad e ar e i n tro d u c ed t o hi s

n o tic e fi r s t i n t he co ur s e o f hi s t w o p ar t w r itin
g th eir p u r e ly m e lo d i c n a t ur e b e i n g th u s
-

, .

bro u g ht h o m e to hi m m or e vivi d ly an d th eir u se an d treat m en t d i v es t ed of m an y o f t he i n iti al

,

p ar t wr itin g d i fficu l ties u su a lly e n co u n t ere d w h en th e y are fi r s t s t ud ie d in re l ati on t o c om

-

ple t e h arm o n ie s .

12 . I t wi ll be n o tice d th at t he au th or di ff er in g f r o m t he pl an p ur su ed in hi s Pr ac t ica l
,

H ar m ony has p re fer red to t re at t h e 9 th 1 1t h an d 1 3 t h (w h en r e s o l v e d u p o n n o t e s o f th eir

, ,

o w n har m o n y ) as u n e ss e n ti a l an d t o i n tr o d u c e th e m i n a s i m pl e an d p r a ctic al f or m as
, ,

d e co ra t i o n s o f t h e D o m in an t 7 t h i n an e arly ch a p t e r d eali n g w ith

, t he u s e s o f t h e A ppo g
g i at ur a M .o r
”
eo v e r h e h as — s i n c e t he p u b l ic ati o n o f hi s f or m er w o r k — b e c o m e c o n vi n ce d
,

t h at t he p r actic e o f r e g ar d in g m an y o b v i o u s ch o r d s o f t h e 7 t h as 1 1 th s an d 1 3 th s w ith ,

c ertain n o te s (u su al ly t he m o re fu n d am en tal o n e s ) o m itt ed i s n o t o nly c u m b ers o m e an d ,

c o mplica ted bu t fr o m t he aur al s tan d p o in t m ak e s d em an d s u p on t he i m ag in a ti ve p o wer s o f

,

t he s t u d en t s e ar w hi ch h e i s o ft en v er y n at u rally u n ab l e t o c o p e w ith e v en if it be ad m itte d

’
,

t hat w e ar e d eal in g w ith v erifi ab l e aco u s tical fact s— w hich i s e x tre m el y d ou btf u l .

13 As a c o n se qu en c e o f w h a t h as j u s t b e en said t h e s u bj ect o f
. No n D o m in an t or ,
-
,

Se c o n d ar y 7 th s has ass u m e d a f ar g reat er d eg ree o f i mp o r ta n c e an d t h e m aj o r it y o f (so ,

ca ll e d ) i n verte d 1 1 th s a nd i SIhs ar e p resent ed in w h at t he au t h or con si d ers t o be a m ore

-

di re ct an d au r ally r e al i z ab l e f o rm as e x a mpl e s o f S e c o n d ar y 7 t h s — w ith o r w ith o u t w h at i s

-

k n o w n as Chro m atic al teratio n a m atter w hich i s d eal t w ith i n s o m e d e t ai l

.
”
.

14 Far le ss sp ac e i n t h e v o l u m e h as b een g iv e n to t he qu e s ti o n o f t h e t re at m en t o f t h e
.

m ore elab or ate and r e co nd ite h ar m on ie s than t o th at o f t he m o r e e l e me n t ar y a nd f oun d a ,

t io n al b ran ch e s o f t he s tu d y ; t h e au th or f ee ls s t ro n g ly th at t hes e ar e rea l ly t h e thi n g s th at

m atte r m o s t In t he c as e o f t he g ifte d s tu d en t w h at i s n eed ed i s m er ely th at hi s fee t s h all
.
,

be se t in t h e r i g ht d ir ectio n ; hi s o w n g ro w in g h arm o n ic p er c e p tio n g ai n ed b y g en e r al ,

m us ical e xp eri en ce an d ob ser vatio n w il l soo n t each hi m t he r es t ; w hi l e i n t he c as e o f t he

,

p u p il o f a v er ag e abilit y or o f o n e w ho m ay e v e n be d e scr ib ed a s d ul l o f h ear i n g it i s

, ,

o bvi o us ly t h e s i m pl er an d m o r e f a m i l i ar ch o r d s an d p r o re ss io n s th at a re o f t h e
g g r eat er
m o m en t as t he b as is o f h is aur al d e vel o pm en t an d o f any practical use he m ay be call e d u p on ,

t o m ak e o f t he i d io ms o f t h e l an g uag e he i s le arn i n g I t i s m o s t l amen tab ly tr u e th at t he .

lac k o f t h e p o w er to ass i m i l at e e ven t h e si m pl e s t o f s u ch id io m s is resp o n s ib l e for t h e u tte r

lv
i nability o f t h m j o ity f v p o f ss ed m sic s t d t s t o pl y h l f a d z n ch o d s in a
e a r o e en r e u -
u en a a - -
o e r

r h yth mi cal w y ff th e ir o w n bat t o say n o thi n g of e x t mp ori z in g in t h hi g h s ns of ”

a ,
o ,
e e er e e

t he w o rd .

15 Al th ou g h t h e au th or i n d u lg e s t he h o p e th at t he m e l o d ic w ork (chi e fly i n cl ud ed in
.

Par t I) m ay p ro v e t o be a n o t a l t og e th er u n su cc e ss fu l su b s tit u t e f or a g r ea t d e al o f so c al l e d -

Str ict Co un t er p o in t ,
it g s w ith t s y ing t h t th i s n thin g t o p v n t t h s t d t f o m
oe ou a a er e o re e e u en r

g i i g
a n n k wl d g f t h p ticul
a no s tricti s n d co n v n t i n al f m l f s ch Str ict
e e o e ar ar r e on a e o or u a
s o u

C o unte p i t f m r o nf t h m n y x i s tin g t x t b ks o n t h s bj ct H w ill fi d th t t h

ro one o e a e e -
oo e u e . e n a e
co s e f m l d ic w iti g in t h p s t v o l m w i ll in o s n s e t
ur o e o r n hi d c b t t h t
e r e en u e n e ac as a n r an e, u a

it m y c n c iv b ly li ght n hi t sk in m t i l d g
a o e a e s a a a er a e r ee .

16 I c c l si
. th
n th on al iz s th t
u t h b k in c t ain di cti n s b
on e au ks fr esh
o r re e a ,
as e oo er re o re a

g ro n d un d h ,
h asa ( p h ps w
as ith de g r f t m it y c s t
er m d ic m ao f d o bt — by a e ee o e er a a o u u

i n f n c t l s t— p n t h s pp s d ffi c ci s vir t e s o f th t ch i sh d B iti s h i s tit ti n

ere e a ea u o e u o e e a ou u a er e r n u o ,

S trict C t p i t h c n th p f n
o u n er o n ni m,
s w l c m f m ll hi s c ll g s f t he
e a no o e or a una ou e o e ro a o ea ue o

t eachi n g p f ss i n f th t h m s t t k t h r i sk H h h we v en d vo d — d f o
ro e o o a e u a e e . e as, o er , ea ur e an r
thi s h w o l d f in b c d it ed — t sh w t h s t d t th t t h m l di c d t h h m ni c
e u a e re o e e u en a e e o an e ar o

a sp ct s o f t he m sic l f b ic s h o ld b
e l iz d f m t h fi s t h v in g q l c l im s n hi
u a a r u e r ea e ro e r as a e ua a o s
a tt n ti n d th t s cc ss in c o st ctiv w o k
e o ,
an a uon ly b t ly chi v ed b y t h n i n o f
e n ru e r c an e ru a e e u o
t het w M ov hi s g t im f m s t t t fi n i sh h b n t o d iv h m t h f ct th t
. o r eo er , r ea a ,
ro ar o , as ee r e o e e a a ,

u nl ss H
e mo n y s t d y i s ll l g t h li
ar -
u l d c ti o o f t h,
a nd na onct al e n e, a rea e u a n e ear a a a u
d v l p m n t f t h m sic l s n s it i s m ly tim w s ted n d in v o l v s n e xp n d it
'

e e o e o e u a e e, of ere e a ,
a e a e ure
e ff r t w hich w o l d be f m p fi t b ly d iv rt d in to o th er ch nn ls
o u ar or e ro a e e a e .

c
Th e o rdi al h an k o f t h e t s thau o r a re due t o ss Sylvi
Mi a C ur re y Dr A J G r een ish an d Dr H
s ss i s tan c i si f t h p f sh t s his v l
.
, . .

W ich ch v l
. .

. R ar d f o r m u a ued a e in t h e rev on o e ro o -
ee of t o um e .

L ondo n— 1 920 .
 D IRECTIO NS TO THE TE A CHER .

1 . pl an of t he pr e sen t v o lu m e di ff er s in m an y r esp e cts fr o m th at o f m o s t treati se

A s t he
o n H ar m o n y i t i s o f t he fi r s t i mp or t an c e th a t t he f o ll o w i n g d ir ectio n s s h o u l d be o b s er v e d in
,

its u se Al th o u g h it is d ivi d ed f or t he s ake o f c o n v eni e n c e in t o t w o se p ar ate p ar t s d ealin g

.

re sp ectiv e ly w ith (i ) Me l o d ic M o v e m en t an d (ii ) H ar m o n ic Pr o g re ss i o n it i s i m p er a tiv e th a t , ,

th e se p ar ts sho u ld be st ud ied concu r rmz t ly The o r d er in w hich t he se ver al t o p ic s s h o u l d be .

br ou g ht t o t he p u p il s n o tice is set forth b e l o w ’

PA RT I . PART II .

Int d ct y C h p t
ro u or a er .

Ch p taI T h s i g l M l d ic li
er . e n e e o n e.

II D l M l di c li s T b f ll w d by
. ua
“

e o ne . o e o o e > C h p t s IX
a er an d X . Th e Pri m ar y t i ds r a .

II I Fi s t s t g f Fl i d M l d ic m v
r a e o or e o o e XI an d XII Th e In v e r si s on of t h e Pr i
y t i ds
.
.

m t T b w k d w i then . o e or e m ar r a .

Se c o n d ar y t i ds r a .

IV F l id
or l
M e o d ic m o e m en v ( e on d t sc Se c o n d ar y t i d s (c
r a on t i )
.

st g
.

) T o be w o r ke d w i t h
a e .

Th e ch o rd o f t he Dom t 7th .

V Th e u se o f t h e Ti e T o be f o llo w ed by Th e H ar m o n ic a sp cte of
sp si s
. .

Su en o n .

thi s p i t Fr o m o n on w a rd s t h e t w o Par of the oo ts b k h s o ul d be s t d i d s i d by s id

u e e e at t he
t ch s di s c ti
ea cc
er
’
re on, a i
o rd ng to s
t h e n e e d o f t h e ind dua ivi l p p il u .

U n l e ss o r u n til , t h e p u p i l c an m en tally h ear t h e sou n d o f t he e x ample s g iven i n t he

-

2 .
,

co u r se o f t he t e x t , t he t e acher s h o u ld i n s i s t o n hi s pl ay in g th e m in o r d er th at th e y m ay be ,

a ur all y r e al iz ed i n c o n n e x i o n w ith t h e r e m ar ks t o w hich th e y re fe r

“
.

In o d er fur th er t o s ti mu l at e t h e p u p il s a ral p er c e p tio n d ictati o n e x erci se s s h o ul d

’
3 . r u ,

be g i v en i n t h e re c o g n itio n b o th o f t he m o v e m e n t o f t w o o r m o re s i m u l t an eo u s m e l o d ic l i n e s
,

a n d o f p r o r e ss i on s o f h ar m o n y r e ar d e d a s c ho r d s Fo r thi s p ur p o se an y o f t he e x ample s
g g .

iven in t h e t e x t m ay be u sed b y t he t e acher ( w it h or w ith o u t tran sp o s iti o n in to o ther k e ys) 1 .

‘

n d ict a tin g t w o in d e p en d en t m elo d ic li n e s it w ill be n e c e ss ar y f o r hi m t o m ak e t he m o v e .

m e n t o f t he p ar t s p ar t icula ly cle ar t o this e n d it w ill o ft en be fo u n d a d vi sab l e t o pl a y t he

r

t w o p ar t s w i t h d iff e r e n t qu al iti e s o f t o n e The lo w er o f t he t w o b e in g as a r u l e t he l e ss .

,

e a si ly re c o ni z e d w ill o ft e n n ee d t o be pl a y e d r a th e r m or e p r o m i n en t ly th an it s c om p an i o n
g , .

I n d ict ati n g pr o gre ssi o n s o f c o mpl e t e ch or d s thr ee differ en t c o u r s e s m ay be ad o p te d ; ,

t he p u p il m ay be ask e d (i) m er e ly t o d e s cr ib e t h e ch o rd s (as I IV 7 V e t a ) ; ( ii) t o ’

h O
, ,

d e s c ri b e t h e ch o r d s and wr it e t h e n o t e s o f t h e o u t er p ar t s ( tr e b l e an d b ass ) (iii ) t o wr it e a ll

Mr Fre d e r ic k Co r d e r , in h isMo d er n M u si cal Co m p o si t io n ( Gu r w an s) s y s t l y I d f lt
So n a ru
“
n e au

[ s y s t e m a tic chi l d h d ] th i s ly l t tiv D i sp s w ith w iti g m ch

.
,

of a ur al t i r a ni n g in oo e re on o ne a e rn a e en e r n as u
p ss ib l ll y l ct t p pi l t pl y ll [ x m pl s d ] x ci s s
.

as o f c th g e an d or e e e n era re u an u o a a e a e an e t h Pi
er f t e on e an o o r e .
I l
n i g m L th
e a rn n y i h lp ; by us o
/
e e e s no e on a ha n d r a n c e O. d s t ne oe no li t h t th f th i s til
re a z e e ru o un o ne
h ast g ht t h bli d
au e n .
"

f T h ch d p g ss i s i eR m or -
ro re on n o an n u m e ra l s giv en in t h e c o ur s e of t he e x ci s s th
er e ro u
g h t
ou th e
v l m m y ls be s d w ith thi s bj c t
,

o u e, a a o u e o e .
vi

t he p a r ts t h e ar m o ny as pl ay e d
of U n l ess he h .
‘
p o sse sse s wh at i s u su all y c al l e d ab so l u te
p itch
,
”
t h e key s o u l d be n am e d in e e r y in s an h v t ce an d t he T o n ic ch ord c ar eful ly i mpre ssed
,

u p o n hi s ear an d m n d; t h
I n eed ar dl y be s a d i i th at if h e l o se s hi s h old u p on t he key cen tr e -
,

t i ct c ib
hi s a sk s r e n d ered p ra i al ly i mp o ss l e .

4 Th . x cis es i n ten d d t o b pl y ed t t he Pi n fo t a an e x t em ly imp o tan t

e e er e e a a a o r e re r e r

f ture o f t h p s n t v l m
ea d how v e sl w t h b g in m y be t fi s t in c n q erin g
re e o u e , an e er o e e n er a a r o u

t he di ffi c l ti s f thi s p ar t f hi s w k h m s t o n n
u e o cc n t b ll o w d m l y t writ o or ,
e u o a ou e a e er e o e
th s e e e is l Th i
x erc bj ct is ( i) t o d iv t h p p il t o h t h p gr ssi n s h i s
es .
‘ ‘
e r o e r e e u ea r e ro e o e

s tu d yin g and (ii) t h lp him t f m v c b u l r y f hi s ow n — o t o sp k— c oll cti n

, o e o or a o a a o s ea a e o

of ev y d y i d ioms n d xp ssio n s t h p o ss ssi n o f w hich w i ll t n y t e p ev n t hi m

er -
a a e re , e e o a a ra r e

fro m b in g to g ti d wh n c ll d p n t f m s t n c or t w i t h l n g g h
e n ue -
e e a e u o o ra e a en e e o n e a ua e e

i s learn ing (i th w d s t pl y — o f w s t d t s n — t o thr e ch o d s o t o f

n o er or , o a as s e u en ca wo r e r u

th ir w n head in a m sic l w y ) i
e o ,
”
u a a .

I n t h fi s t s t g s o f t h e p p il s w o k t t h k y b d it w i ll b f n d b s t f r hi m
’
5 . e r a e u r a e e oar e ou e o
t o pl y t h t ha pp p t s f f e p t h m n y with t h ri g ht h n d t he b
r ee u er ly w ith
ar o o u r- ar ar o e a , ass o n

t h l fte A s n
e h . bt i s so m d g of f ci l it y i n d in g thi s h s h uld pl v t h
s oo as e o a n e e r ee a o , e o a e
e x e ci s es w ith t h
r cho d s sp c d m o w id ly w ith t w p t s in ch h d )
e r a e re e o ar ea an .

6 I c s s f sp ci l p tit d it m y n t b
. n a e c ss y f t h p p il t w o k all t he
o e a a u e a o e ne e ar or e u o r

e ar l i e m l odi s nd b ss s i P t II t n y t
r e e w itt
a x cis s a e n ar ,
a a r a e as r en e er e .

7 A pp n d i x B p o Sp ci l Pi o fo t I d i ms s h ul d b c
. e ,
f ll y s t d i d b y t h
u n e a an r e o , o e ar e u u e e
p p i l sp ci lly w h n f
u ,
e c i s m d t it in t h c s f t h x cis s H s h l d b
e a e re e r e n e a e o e our e o e e er e . e ou e

nc
e
g ed ( w h
o ur a h pl y d w it f i ly s ily i f en p t h m o y ) t xp im n t
e c an a an r e a r ea n ou r ar ar n o e er e
-

a t th k yb e d in th m e s gg s t d in thi s A pp di
oar e ann e r u e e en x .

8 Sp ci l tt n ti
. i d wn t e th
a m ks p n t he c n st cti n f h y th m ical
a e on s ra o e re ar u o o ru o o r

sen ten c s in t h e fi n l s cti

e ,
f th v l m Mi s c ll s E x e cis s (p g
a e Th on o e o u e,
“
e an e o u r e
”
a e e
t ch s ho l d s tim l t t h p p il b y v y m n s in hi s p w t mp vis t t h Pi n o
ea er u u a e e u e er ea o er o i ro e a e a

f rto d t w ite litt l e p i c s f hi s o w

e , an o r e e o n .

K S U PO N T H E U SE O F TH E NU M E R AL NO TATIO N
R E MAR .

9 Th t ac h
. w ill n o tic th t m s t f t h x ci s s t b w o k d t t h k ey b a d
e e er e a o o e e er e o e r e a e o r

gi v i n e ch ch p t e in t h f m f ch d p g ss i n s in d ic t d b y R m n n m
en a a ls
r e or o or ro re o a e o a u er a
-
.

Th dv t
e a f h vin g th s p g ss i s et fo th i n t hi s w y i n s t d f i n ct l m s ic l
an a g e o a e e ro re on s r a , ea o a ua u a
n t ti n i s th t th y m
o a o y b th g ht f nd pl y d i
, a y k y t w i ll eThi s i s m st vit l
a e ou o a a e n an e a . a o a

m tt f it i s f t h fi s t c s q c th t th m sicia s h ll b b l t thin k b o th m l d i
a er , or o e r on e u en e a e u n a e a e o , e o
c lly d h m ic ll y i ll k ys w ith q l e s
a .
an ar on a , n a e e ua a e .

10 T hr g h t t h p s n t v l m R m
. ou n m ls lw y s i d ic t t h h m i o f
ou e re e o u e o an u er a a a n a e e ar o n es
7
t he k y V t h D m in t tri ad I Ib t h fi s t in v s i n o f t h S c o d y 7 t h f “

e e o an , e r er o e e n ar o

t he S p rt n ic et ) f m i g th f c v n ien t d p id h th n d m th od f d ri b “ ”
u e o ,
a ,
or n ere ore a on e an ra s or a e o esc
i g s ch h m o n i
n u Th sig s nd
ar th o g h fi g i mply sp ctiv l y n ot p o d c d
es e n a r u a ur e re e e a e r u e
b y i sin g o l w i g t he n o m l di t n ic d g e o f t h m j o
ra r o H m i m in o s c l b y
er n r a a o e re e a r or ar on c r a e

chr om tic s mito 5

a —
(i n k y C m j ) V
a e ne, e a or

To t h e m a j ity
or p p ils t h d
of u e or er o f f c lty i s
di fi u as h as b e e n se t f th b v
or a o e .

j Th e y
‘

sh o uld be w itt d w s b s q
r en o n u e ue n tl y— w y f a a rom t h e P an o i f t— or et st as a e of hi s p w o er o f
c o rre a l ti g s n o un d, sym b l o l c l ity
an d o a .

I Th e g ra spi ng o f th m t i l
e f t h m s ic l l
a er a
g g o e u a an ua e , as o f any o th l er an g u a g e , i s in lity t h re a e
as si mi l ti d m m
a o n an e i ti f it s p h s s d i di m s w hich
or z a on o ra e an o in t h e fi st st g s
r a e of c s i s s t dy
on c ou u ar e
c ssi ty t h s i m pl s l s , ,
o f ne e e e r an d m o re u ua o ne .
 V II

SI sign ifi e s ch o m in an t 9 th w ith
ti
r a d wi th it s 5t h ra is ed ) V the r d of th e D o

a l o w er e d , or m in o r , 9 t h . In key C m inor ,
also , H si m i l ar ly i mpl ie s ( U K t he .

S u p er t o n ic ti w ith it s ch m tic ll y l o w 9V pre s en ting

r ad r oo t ro a a e r ed ) ; re

( a n, t he ra is ed , o r m aj or , 9 t h f m t he D
ro i
o m n an t s
,
u ed in c
as en d n i g t o t he 3 rd of it s o wn

ro o t) , an d so o n .

11 W
h A bic m ls st d l
. en r a nu era an a one in an e x er ci se thu s — 2 5 4 3 th e y in v ar i ab l y r e fer
, ,

t o t s d p s nt th d g s
m e lo dy n o -
e ,
an re re e e e r ee o f t he s cal e co u n te d fro m t he k ey n o te T h u s t he -
.
,

a b v s i s w l d (in k y F) i m ply
o e er e ou e (in key D )

THE FI G URE D BA S S ”
-
.

12 . Th e fig
s in t he co n ve n tio n al t yp e o f Fig ur e d B ss re p e sen t it s h o uld b
u re -
a r ,

re m e m b er e d m er e ly t he in te r v als o f an y p ar t ic ul ar ch o r d co n t ed f o m t he bas
, o te By u r s n
-
.

re a s o n o f thi s m an y ch ord s ar e n e c e ss ar i ly fi g u e d al i k e
,
t he D o m i n an t 7 t h t h e v ari ou s r
,

Se co n d ar y 7 t bs c t ain p o siti o n s o f ch o rd s o f t h e Ni n th e t ) t h e d e g re e s o f t h e s c al e u p o n
,
er ,
c .

w hi c h t he ch o rd s ar e in di cate d an d t h e c o n te x t g e ne rally m u s t o f co urs e d e te r m in e th eir

, ,

n a u ret .

7 6 ( 6)
6 4 4
13 . Wh en e v er t he fig ur e s 7, , ,
5 3
an d
2
o cc ur , th y i mply
e re sp e cti v e ly 5 5 4 an d
( 6) 3 (3) 3
4, an d t he h m y sh ld
ar on ou be fi ll ed u
p a cc or d n i g ly , (sec ,
h w v
o e er , C h pt a er X VI Se c , .

2
An ccid t l g i s t fi g
a en a s ig ifi es th t t he n o t ep s n t d b y th t fi g
a a n a sh l d b
ur e n a e r re e e a u re ou ear
a sim i l ccid t l ar a en a .

14 A fig
. b ss t th s ur e i d ic te s t h i te v l (c t d f om th t b s
over a a -
n o e, u n a e n r a oun e r a a e

no e t ) w hich sh l d b pl c d i t h hi g h s t p t f t h h m n y Thi s ppli s ls i t h

ou e a e n e e ar o e ar o . a e a o n e
cs a e of U n fi g ur ed Bass e s (see ,
f or e x am pl e ,
Sec H . on p .
 MELO DY A ND HA RMO NY .

INTR O D U CTO R Y C HAPTER .

1 . MO D E RN mu si c d e pe n d s fo r its fu ll e ff e ct u po n a c o m b i n ati o n o f th ree d isti n ct fac t or s,

Me l o d y H ar m o n y an d R hyth m T h e s e a e so c l o s e ly w o v e n t o ge t h er i n o ur th o u gh ts ab o u t
, , . r

m u si c th at it i s s o m e wh a t d i fii c u lt t o thi n k o f th em apar t U nd e lyi ng th e s e th r ee fac t o r s a e . r r

t h e t w o e l e m e n ts o f T i m e an d Pi tch t h e s e f o r m t h e be d r o c k o f all m u si c al e xp e r i e n c e an d ar e
: -

so o b vi o u s as t o n ee d n o fu r t h e e xpl a n a ti o n h e r e r .

2 . By Me l o d y is u n d e st o o d t e ch n ic ally t h e i d e a f a s u c c e ssi o n o f si n gl e s o u n d s— th a t an d
r , ,
o .

n o t hi n g m o r e bu t i n ac t u a l m u si c t h e e xp e s i o n i n c l d e s e n o g h o f t h e e l a t e d i d ea s o f Ti m e
r s u u r

a n d R h yt h m t o gi v e t h e i mp e ssi o n o f sh a pe li n e ss an d o r d e
r Vi e w e d in t h is li gh t t h er e fo re r .
, ,

M e l o d y m ay be s a i d t o si gn ify a su cc e ssi o n o f si n gl e s o u n d s w i t h a m u sic a l p urpo se— i n o th e r

wo rd s a su c ce ssi o n po sse ssi n g t h e e ss e n t i al c h a act e isti c s o f t u ne E ach o f t h e fo ll o wi n g

,
r r .

e x a m pl e s r e p r e s e n t s Me l o d y i n t h e t e c h n i c a l s e n s e fe d t o bu t it is o n ly i n ( b) t h a t a m u si c a l
e r rr e ,

e ff e ct is p r o d u c e d sufii c ie nt t o s a tisfy o u r i n sti n c tiv e d e si r e fo

,
so m e ki n d o f d e si gn an d sh ap e r

A n d an t e .
Bas r s o vnN — Sona . t
a ( Op .

3 . sp ki i i
S m lar , in ealy n g o f H ar m o n i n a ur e e n a en e , y p ly t ch ic l s s i t i s c u s to m ar y t o i m ply
m e ely
r t h ht s
t he s
ou g of o u nd in o m n a o n ; bu t ag a n ro a muc b i ti i f m si c a l p o i n t o f v ie w any ,
‘

s u ch c b i st b s
o m ina t o n m u be a e d u o n ar ri n e , an d p
e ar d e n tis t i c p cipl s b fi i te r el a ti o n shi ps t o o th er s
t h at pre c e d e an d fo ll o w i t . Fo r i n st an c e , the f ll wi
o o ng gr o u p o f s o u nd s
by i t lfse , ha s l ittl e or n o p o i n t o r m ean i n g ; bu t w h en pl ac e d in re a l t i o n t o i ts c o n te x t
Gann on . Fau st .
”

i t is f e lt t o be p t ar of a cl e ar pur p o s e or pl an in t h e c om p o ser s ’

m i nd , wi th a ver y d is t i n ct
t
be au y o f itso wn .

4 . Rh y thm t h e t hi d f act o r spo k e n o f in Sec 1 is t h e e l e m e n t th a t i m p ar ts n o t o n ly sh a p e

,
r .
,

an d s ym m e tr y t o a s u cc e ssi o n o f s o u n d s ( wh e t h er th o s e s o u n d s a e t ak e n si n ly o r i n c o m bi n r
g a
t i o n ) but e n d u s th e m wit h lif I m pli e d i n R hyt hm i s t h e pri nc ipl e o f mo vem n t t o wa d s
, e e .
e r
c er t ai n po i n t s o f c li m a x o r r ep o s e in t h e m u si c wh e e t h at m o vem en t is i ts e lf b o k e n o r , r r
arr e s te d — p r o d u c i n g t h e r e b y t h e i d e a o f p hr as e ”
.

C py ig ht 1 920 by J
o r W o sr r n
M Lim i t d
I LL I A S,
J W 30 3 . . .

e .
2 ME L OD Y AND HAR MONY .

5 p i n c ipl e o f m o vem e n t o r p ro gr e ssi o n spo ke n o f ab o ve li e s at t h e roo t o f all mu sic al

T he r
th o ugh t an d t h e si m pl est m u si c al i d ea i n v o l ve s t h e mo v em ent fro m o n e s o u nd (o r co mbi nati o n
.

o f s o u n d s ) t o an o t h er
*
,

6 . p ass ag e o f h arm o n y t w o d is t i n ct ki n d s o f m o v em e n t o r pro gre ssi o n are o b serv ab l e ;

In an y ,

t h e e is no t o n ly ( i ) t h e p o gre ssi o n f r o m c h o r d t o ch o rd bu t als o ( ii t h e me lo dic m o ve m e n t

r r

o f t h e s e p a a t e p ar ts o r rv o i c e s o f w hi ch t h e p ass age c o n sist s T e fo ll o wi ng w e ll kn o w n

“
.
-

e x t r ac t will ill u st at e t h is r

B n n —S t ( O p 1 0 N a a as o na a .
, o.

sp ct s f t h m tt w il l b d ily g sp d if t h b v x m p l i s fi s t p l y d
The t w o a e o e a er e re a ra e e a o e e a e r a e as

it s t s ch s i gl m l d ic l i i s ft w d s pl y d s g s p t ly It wi ll th b
a n d , an d if ea n e e o ne a er ar a e or un e ar a e . en e

f th t p t f m t h s t g d m s ic l s cc ss i f ch d
o u nd a , a ar roch f th s li s i s m l d i s
e ro n an u a u e on o or s, e a o o e ne e o ou

i it s l f v
n with t d i ct f c t t h s t f t h h m y
e . e en ou re re e re n e o e re o e ar on .

7 It l m st g s wit h t s yi g th t t h c t l am t f m l d i c i t s t p ss ss d b y
a o oe ou a n a e a ua o un o e o n er e o e e
l p ts v i s l g ly wit h t h c h c t o f t h m si its l f It is g e t s t i th s
.

t h i d ivi d
e n ua ar ar e ar e e ara er e u c e . r a e n o e
c m po siti s w hi ch
o p lyp h i
on m y v i c d ) c t p tal i s t yl g i n F g ;
are o on c an -
o e or o n ra u n n e, e . .
, a u ue
it is l st i vi d c w h
ea m l d y is s pp t d by s m c o v ti
n e en e al f o m f cc o m p
e re a im t e o u or e o e n en on r o a an en ,

s c h t h f ll wi g
u as e o o n
Har e m —Sonata in C ( No .

w h e re t h e o nly p art p o sse ss ing m u ch in t in sic v l is c all ed t

'

r m elo di c a ue t he so- une in t he

r i g ht h an d l
‘ ‘

I t i s f t h hi gh s t im p t c th t t h l s h ld li t h c ss ity f k p i g t h t w
‘

o e e o r an e a e e a r n er ou re a z e e ne e o ee n e o
sp ct s f p g ssi
a e w
o d c s id ti
ro re on no un er on e ra o n, ( iv z t h m l d ic d th
e h m ic ) s t d ily i
e o an e ar on ea n
vi w th gh t hi s H m y s t d y th w i s th i s d g th t hi x ci s s d hi tt m p t s t
.
,

e ro u ou ar on u o er e e re a an er a s e er e an s a e a
i g i l w k w i l l b littl m th s cc ssi s f d ll s ti g ch d b l k s
,

i t
"
or na or e e o re an u e on o u d an u n n e re n or -
oc .

Wh e n b l ci g b t s
two c t st
on ra e d an d a an n ea ar e a ss ci t d t h si gl tity f m d
o a e e n e en so or e is
ca p bl f b g m pl y d t h m d i m f t h
a e o ei n e o e as e e u or e e xp ss ire f d fi it m s i l th
,

on o ag ht
—J B e n e u ca ou .
”
. .

M Ew c Th T hen :g ht i M ic e ou n us .

1 Ev '
i th b v x m pl lth g h t h i t i p t s
en n e a o e e a e, a ou e n er o r ar of the h arm o n y —as are in a g oo d d ea o f l
p f t m
1an o o r e ~ d i m st d c cc m p i m t s — m
u s xc , an n o an e a
-
o an en o re o r l ss l ft t
e e o tk c
a e ar e of t s lv s
h e m e e in
t h m tt
e f m l d c in te s t it w il l b s
a er o th t t h b
e o t i re e ee n a e as s a an t p ss ss s
ra e o e e th e c h ar a ct st c s
e ri i of a
, y
g ood m l d ic lin e o e
 ME L OB Y AND HAR M ONY .

PA R T I .

M EL OD I C M O VE M E N T .

C HA PTE R I .

THE SI NG L E M E L O D I C L I NE .

1 . st u d en t s fi r st t ask in h is c o n st u ct iv e w o rk sh o u l d be t h e i n v e n ti o n o f s h o r t
T HE
’ '

r hyth m i c al m e l o d i e s At fi st t h e s e m e l d i e s sh o u l d be th o u gh t o f as d e si gn e d fo v ic e s ; if
. r o r o

t h e li m it a ti o n s o f t h e h u m a n v o i c e are k e pt i n vi e w th r e is t h e g ea t e ch an c e o f th e i b e i n g ,
e r r r

s m o o th v o c al an d n at u al
, ,
r .

2 Th e t w o f o ll o wi n g p ass ag s w e ll ill u st ra t e m o s t o f t h e ch ar a ct isti c s o f g o o d v o c al

. e er

me lo d y *

M Gi v i ”
D oz a ar '
. on o an n .

WA G NE a Di e Mei s t si er nge r .

f will b tic d th t in t h b v x t ct s th i s c s i d b l m t f c j ct
” ”
i It e no e a e a o e e ra e re a on era e a o un o
“
on un
s t p w i s ) m v m t w hich g tl y i d s t h fl w f t h m l d y t h cc s i l l g l ps
e -
e o e en re a a e o o e e o e o a ona ar er ea
s c i g t h c ss y d g f c t s t d h lp i g t p vi d w h t i s ft sp k f
,

e ur n e ne e ar e
g d
re e o on r a an e n o ro e a o en o en o as a oo
m l d ic c v
"
e o ur e .

l d y i t d d t b s g by v ic w il l ft d iff m t i l l y f m
A me o n en e w itt e f
o e i t un a o e o en er a er a ro one r n or an ns ru
m t T hi s i s s f m t w f ct s i (i) th t t h c m p ss f y s i g l v ic i s c ss ily lim i t d (ii )
en ar e ro o a v a a e o a o an n e o e ne e ar e
th t s i g m s t t h i k s d b f h i s b l t s i g it d c t i m l d ic i t l
. , ,
,

a a n er u n .
a m
o un e o re e a e o n an er a n e o n e rv a s are o re
wkw d t c c iv th th s O i st m t s ch t h p i f t t h g
o
,

a ar o on e e an th vi li
o er n an n ru en u as e an o o r e , e or an , o r e o n,
th s d i ffi c l ti s ll p ctic l p p s s ins t t x m pl t h f ll wi g s cc ss i
.

e e f u e ar e F or a ra f a ur o e no n e -
eh or e a e, e o o n u e on o
s d s w ld b vi t lly i m p ssibl f t h v g p v ic b t p f ctly sy t h vi l i
.

o un ou e r ua o e or e a e ra e S o r an o o e, u er e ea on e o n

A ga i n, a p ssa a ge s ch u as thi s f ro m C h pi s B l l
o n
’
a a de in G m i n or

al th o ug h '

o fl e r in g n o sp ci l b s t c l s t
e a o a e o t he p i i s t w ld b
an ou e ne xt
t q i s it p d
,

a t an y r a e , a t t he re u e S ee .
 ME L OD Y AND H AR M O NY . 5

3 .
c s t ct i n f h is w n m l d i s t h e b gi
In t h e on will b m t i lly ss i s t ed b y t h e
ru o o o e o e , e nn e r e a er a a

c ti
fo ll o wi n g d i r e o ns

( ) U a s c l wis m v m
se t m ov m t b y s
a et p-

) f q n t ly ;ew h v l op i
e s en e en e re ue en e er a ea

m da v ide, t h t is sp c i lly d iss n t

a o onet h in t v l f a m y 7t h m j ore a ona e er a o a a or , a a or

mi 9t h
no r y gm t d i t v l ), o r an au en e n er a

(7 t h ) ( 9t h .
) ( g a ny
Au «
.
( Au g . 2u d .
)

NB —
A d i mi n is hed i t v l is h w v
n er a , o e e r, q it u e mu s ic l a in e ffe ct if, t he ne xt no e t li s e w i t hi n
i t v l
. .

t he n er a

( Di m 7t h ) l ( D i m 7t h 1t
‘

( D i m st h
. .
) . . . .

( A ll good )

( b) A
'

s ucc e ssi o n of l arge l e aps is awkw ar d an d u n m u si c al

bu t a l e ap of a 6t h o r an 8ve e ff e is ct i ve a nd s t ron g pro v i d ed th at

,
t he no e t p ec d i n g r e and
fo ll o wi ng t h e l ea p is o ne w i t h in i t fl c g ,
‘
.

( c ) Th e lead in g n o t e s t ro ng upw ard t e nd e n c y an d w h en i t o ccu r s as t h e

of t h e k ey h as a ,

fi nal n o t e bu t o ne i n a m el o d y it u su ally r is e s a s e m it o ne t o t he ke y n o t e : At o t h er t i m e s
,
-

it is ge n e ally b e tt er fo r i t n ot to f a ll un l e ss in t he mi d st o f a d e s c e nd i n g s c al e p ass ag e as in
r ,
-

t h e f o ll o wi ng i n st an c e

(d ) Re p ea t ed no e t s s lly c s
u ua au e m o no to y n of e ff e c t
( Bette r)

The i t v l
n er a o f au g m e n e d t 4t h b tw
e ee n b i
t he S u d o m nan t an d t h e L e ad i
n g
-
no e t is k w no n as t he
Tr it one
"
4th (o r f ro m t he f ct th t th
a a e re ar e th ree wh l t o e on e s b tw t h e ee n e tw o
d e g re e s , e .
g .

To ne . To n e .

i O
“
cc s i a o na ll y a m en mr 7 t h m ay be
'

u s ed, p tic l l y if
ar u ar t he u pp er t
n o e r e ur n t s in thi s w ay by s tep
withi n t h e in t vl
er a

I i s i t s ti g t t th t c t i d g s f t h m j
It n e re n mi o no es c l p ss ss in g ta le s s
er a n e re e o e a or or no r a e o e re a er or
m s c t i i t y w hich m if s t s it s l f i t d cy t i s
,
t h ch
e a u re , ct f m m t e ar a er o ove f ll t o
en or a v an e e n a en en o r e or a
th s p ss ss i g g t f l i g f t Th l tt s f t h s c al e
,

o er o e n t h l t 3 d 5t h
a re a e r d 8 th d gee n o r es e a er ar e e s r an e re e o e
w hich t h d j t s d s t ll y f l l i s by s t p g
,
.
, , ,
e a ac e n o un n a u ra a or r e e , e . .
 6 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .

X E R C I SE S E .

. t
A Wr e e e r a
i s v l m l
e od e i s v c
( o a) ul p o n t h e f ll
o o wi n g r h y th mi c s ch e m e s * . At th is s t a
ge
e ach m e l o d y sh o u l d e it h er ( i ) e m a i n i n t h e s am e k ey th o u gh o u t o
r (ii ) m o v e
r ,
r on ly t o on e of

t h e n e a ly r e lat e d k e ys ( se e p age
r ~
en d i n g i t h e o i g i n a l To i cn r n .

B . Co n s t ct f the m l d i s p
ru ur r e o e u on tim e an d r h y thm s ch em e s of yo ur o wn .

On p 7
a ge wi ll
be f s gg st d p i g s b s d p t h b v
oun d
‘

a fe w u e e
“
o en n
”
a e u on e a o e s ch em e s to w hich t h e
sp s iv p h s s Aft s i g th s h sh ld i v t p
, ,

t
s u d en t m ay add t h e r e on e ra e . er u n e e, e ou n en O e ni n gs o f hi s ow n .
 ME L OD Y AND H ARM ON Y .

Su e e asr aD
'
as s u m e s FOR R HYT H M S i n SE C A
. .

A lugr m . A nd a n te .

Mod er a t o .

A Legr et to .
8 ME L OD Y A ND HARMO NY

CHAPTER II .

D UA L M E L OD I C LI NE S . .

1 x t st
Th e n e
. st t s w o r k sh o u l d be th at o f ad di ng a s e co n d m e l o d y u n d er
ag e o f t h e ud en
’

nea th s bs q t ly b v tha t i s giv e n Thi s s ec on d par t sh o u l d n o t o n ly h e r

( an d , u e u e n , a o e ) o n e .
*

w t its
m o n iz e i h p i p s ss i n d e p e n d e n t m e l o d ic i n t ere s t as in t h e fo llo w m g
co m an o n , bu t o se ,

e amx pl f m
e ro l
Han d e
A ll g m d t H N M ss iah
e ro o er a e . A D EL . e .
”

2 . In t h e a o b v e e xtract t h e n o t e s o f b o t h p ar t s are o f i d e n t i c al l eng th ; w he n o ne

m o ve s mo re q u i c kly than t h e o t h er t h e i i n d ep end en c e is o b v i ou sly m ore m ar ke d
,
r

A ll g t t e reB m — P ti ts p é l d s ( N
o . au e r u e . o.

If t h e p art s mo v e i n t h e s am e d i re ct i o n , e.
g .

ey ar e s ai d t o p ro c eed in S i m i lar Mo t io n if in o ppo si te di re ct i o n s ,

c .
g.

by C o n t rary Mo t i on w h en o n e p ar t m o v e s w hi l e ano t h er rem ain s ,

O bli q ue Mo t ion -

is p ro du c ed . Th e th e ki d s
r e n of Mo ti o n ar e s een c om bined in t he su cc ee di n g
e x am pl e
Baar a o vns — Ro mau ce in . G f Vi li
or o n.

f Th epw o i i i
er o f b ss
m ag n n g a l i s ll y
a fi st s t p t w d s m i
t o a m e o dy r ea t he r hi p d i s e o ar u s ci an s , an

a ki n t o t h at by p t
p o s se sse d ht s b
t h e ai n e r o r d r au g s h w — it m y b —t h tli f t h
m an w h o , o n ei n g e n a e e ou ne o e
f
ro o o f a b l i s bl
u i d in ,
g a hi s s
e t o se e i n c pl t s t ct M l dy
m in d e ye t h e o m e e d
'

d H m
ru y u re . e o an ar on ar e s o
ti t ly c
in m a e ct th t y c l li hi s lf
on ne ed a a s ici s h l
n o ne a n g m e a m u bl h i g f gm t f t
an o u d be a e, on ear n a ra en o u n e,
t y s ppl y s
m e n a ll t o u h y s it bl
o m e ki n d o f ar m o n t l thi s p w i s t
u a e t o it Un im t t q i d o er o so e ex e n ac u re
lp ss i s p ssibl
.
.
re a ro gr e im o e .
 ME L OD Y A ND H A R M ONY . 9

4 . In o r d er to o bt i
i n d e pen d e n c e o f m elo dic li n e t o w hich r e feren ce h as been m ad e
a n the ,

Co n t rar y (o r o c c a si o n ally Obli q u e ) Mo ti o n is m o e v al u ab l e ge n e r ally sp e ak in g th an S i m il ar

, ,
r , ,

Mo ti o n bu t t h e be st e ff e c t is ach i e v e d by a j u d ici o u s u se o f all t h r ee v a i e t i e s r .

5 Th e p o ssibili t i e s o f t h e si m pl e s t fo r m o f “ T w o p ar t h a m o n y
. i n w h i ch — as i n t h e -
r ,

e xt a c t f r o m H an d e l i n Se c
r 1 —t h e n o t e s ar e o f t h e s am e l en g t h i n b o t h p a ts will be s een
. r ,

fro m t h e f o ll o wi ng ill u s t a ti o n s w h e r e a s e c o n d m e l o d y h as b e e n ad d e d t o t h e a s c en d i n g s c al e
r ,

o f D m aj o r

Th e f ll w io o n g, th oug h c ct or r e a re f blee d
e an i t s ti g u n n e re n fo r t h e rea o n s th t th a ere is no
p p art which l y d p lic t s t h giv d ist
, ,

i n de end en c e in t h e ad d e d ,
m e re u a e e en l y
me od at t he c an e of a 3 rd
an d a 6 th

6 Fr o m e x am pl e s (i ) t o ( i ) a b o e m ay be ga
. v v th ere d t h e ge n e ra l p r i n ci pl e s w h i ch s h o u l d
gu i d e t h e l e ar n e r at t is e ar ly st age o f his w o r k h
O n ly c o n c o rd an t i n te rvals s ho u l d (at pr e se n t ) be u s ed
(i) .

Th s t h 3 d 6t h
e e are is 8 d p f ct 5t h
e r , , un on, v e , an er e .

( 1) Of th e s e o n ly 3 rd s an d 6 t h s s h o u l d be u s e d wi th any fre qu en c y
*
1 ,
In o r d e r t o .

p re ser v e i n d e pen d e n c e n o t m o re th an t h ree 3 rd s o r t hr ee 6 t h s s ho u l d as a rule fo ll o w o n e

, , ,

an o t h e r i n si m il a r m o t io n f .

(iii ) It is b e s t t o c o n fi n e t h e e m pl o ym en t o f t h e Uni so n t o t h e i n iti al and fi n al no te s o f

an e x er c is e .

( iv ) T h e 8 ve ge n e ally h as a thi n e ffe ct u n l e ss u se d in o n e o f t h e fo llo wi n g w ay s

r ,

(a ) In t h e sa m e m ann er as t h e U n is o n ; e

b If a pp o ac h e d a n d q u itt e d i n bo t h p ar t s by s t e p i n c o n t a y m o ti o n S ac (cc ) i n
( ) r ,
r r .

E xs ( i ) an d ( iii ) i n Sec
. .

v
( ) T h e 5 t h b e i n g b a s an d e m pty sh o u l d be al m o s t e n tir e ly e x c l u d e d
,
r ,
.

O cc s i lly h w v t h 5t h v t h T i
ona o th D m i
e er ,t m y b us d h pp ily i s ch
e o er e on c or e o n an a e e a n u
«

lik p ss g s t h f ll wi g
,
“h e a a e as e o o n
o rn -

( Se e al s o (31) i n E xs (iii) . an d ( iv ) if S } ec .

3'
‘
Th e 1 0th i s
'

c o n si d e r e d fo r an p ctic l p p s s
ra a ur o e as a 8r d .

J
r Th e t w o m a
j or 3 r ds on t he f o ur th an d fifth d e gr e e s of t he m a j o r s a e, c l tk a en in s cc ssi
u e o n , alm o st
in v i b ly so
ar a u n d ro u g h ,
an d h ad b tte er be a v id d
o e
10 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ON Y .

7 . The o n ly i n t erval s t h a t c an o cc ur tw c — m i
ft — i s cc ssi
e or ore o en n u e o n at an y tim e ar e

t he 3 rd an d t he 6th . If t w o o ct v s
a e ar e t k n s cc ssi v ly t h s
a e u e e , u

two un iso n s , t

t he mu si c al e ffe ct m ay n o t be actu ally di sagreea ble bu t t h e p a ss age is re d fo r t h e '

m o m en t f o m o n e in tw o p ar ts t o o n e i n w hi c h — st ri c tly sp eaki ng— th e e is n o h ar m o n y at all

r r ,

bu t o nly an i n eff e c tiv e d uplic a ti o n o f a si n gl e p ar t .

T hi s f lt i s s lly d s c ib d
au C u c ti B
ua C c ti U i
e r e as on s e u ve r as
s, o r o ns e u ve n s o n s.

8 T w o o m o e pe r f e c t 5 t h s i n s u c ce ssi o n be t w ee n t h e p ar ts ar e u s u ally c ru d e an d u gly

. r r

an d s h o u l d be r i go r o u sly a v o i d e d i n t w o p a r t w r iti n g -

h s f lt is d
T i au e C o n se c u t i v e 5 t hs .

9 . Th e par ts sh o u l d no t c ss ro o n e an o t h er i n t he t ype of e x er c ise to w hi ch t h e s e r em ar ks

ne it h er s h o ul d th e y over lap

(See A pp dix G ) en .

10I n o rd e r t o
. a e a a m k s tisfac t o ry t er mi n a t i o n t o an e x e c is e i n t w o p ar t s o ne p ar t s h o u l d r ,

is f
r e r o m L e ad n g n o e t o T o n i -
t ic Th e acc o m p anyi ng p ar t s h o u l d t h e n p o c ee d t o t h e To n i c
. r

from e ith
er t h e 2u d o f t h e a e, s c l t hu s :
f ro m t h e 5t h o f t h e s c al e t h u s ,

9
l
’

Eit h er o f th e s e pro g e ssi o n s p o d u c e s t h e e ffe c t o f a Fu ll Cl o s e o r Perfe ct Cad e n c e

r r ,
.

11 I n w r it in g fo v o ic e s it is w e ll n o t t o e x c eed t he f o ll o wi n g c o m p a ss i n e a ch c a s e
. r ,

S p bl ) A lt
(
g T 2
o r an o or re e . o. en or . .

E LE ME NTARY E X E R CI SE S I N TWO PART MEL ODI C M OV E ME NT -

A Ad d a m e l o d i o s p ar t u d e ea t h t h e fo ll o wi n g p ass ag e s
. u n U se n o t e s th r o u gh ou t o f
rn .
*
.
,

t h e s am e l e ng t h as t h o s e i n t he g iv e n p ar t u n l e ss o t h e r wi se i n d i c at ed
,

, .

Th p tic l v ic f whi ch t h d d d p t s h l d b w itt i s i d ic t d t th m

e ar u ar o e or e a e ar ou e r en n a e a e co
m m t
ence f ch x ci s Th t bl cl f sh l d b s d f t h Alt v ic t h b ss cl f f
en o ea e er e e re e e ou e u e or e o o e : e a e or
d B ss v ic s b l w y t s i g ifi s t h i t v l q i d t th t p i t
.

th T e e n o r an Th fi g a o e e u re e o an no e n e e n er a re u re a a o n
A d sh th fi g th s i m p li s b l w t h g iv
.

n t i th t
.

d a un e rn e a a ur e , d u t e a o e n e sec on oc ave e o e en n o e .

( A d d Te n o r ) .

Do no t sp t
e ar a e t he t w o p t s t s ch d i s t c f
ar a u a an e r o m o n e an o t t t
her h a t h e s ts
r e ul e em s lik e a —
4 part
e x er c xse , Wi th t he t w o mi d dl e p ts m i ssi g g
ar n , e. .

an inco
12 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ON Y .

( Alt a ) ( 6 ) ( 5)
l (a )
N B — T r ea t
. . p ss
a ag e s( a ) an d ( b) sq
e uen ti lly
a .
( S ee S u pp l em e n t p
, a ge viii , fo r f th
ur er e x ci s s )
er e .

B Ad d a me l o d i o u s p ar t a bove t h e fo ll o wi ng p a ss age s in a m an n e r si m il ar t o th at in di c at e d
,

c ti fi gu e ab o v e an y n o t e si gn i fi e s t he i n t e va l r eq u i e d at t h a t po i n t A d as h
.

in S e on A . A r r r .

abov e a fig u re , thus : i m pli e s a n o t e in t h e s con d oc t ave ab o v e t h e g i v en n o t e

e .

(A l t ) ( 1 )
o

(A lb0 ).

(F m in o r ) .
(E b

(C m i nor .
) (E l) ma j or
.
)

(G m in o r ) .
(F m a j o r ) .

(T en o r ) .
(s)
 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ON Y .
13

6 Canon
. .

0 . Wr it e sev e r a l
i l m el o d i e s si m il ar in styl e an d s c o p e t o th o se giv e n in Se c ti o n s A
o ri g n a ,

an d B A ft e t h e s e h a v e b e en c iti c iz e d b y t h e t e a c he r a s e c o n d p ar t s h o u ld be ad d e d ab o v e
. r r , ,

or b e l o w as t h e c as e m ay be
, .

T WO PART -
WR I T I NG I N TH E M I NO R KE Y .

12 . i p s t s n o t a fe w d iffi c u lti e s t o t he b e g i n n e p ro m i n en t am o n g w h ic h
T h e M n o r ke y re e n r,

i s th a t i t i i
o f m a n a n ng t h e d eai o f a c l e a a n d d e fi n it e t o n ality Th e f act t h a t t h e M i n o r s c a l e
r .

e xists in th
re e d nisti ct f
orm , s viz .

(i ) H arm o n i c M i n o r sc al e .

(ii ) M e l o d i c M i n o r s c a l e (a sc en d i n g f o r m ) .

(ii i ) Me l o d i c Mi n o r s c al e (d e s c e n d i n g

an d th c e o mm on m is t ak e of t hi ki n ng o f i t
t h e L e ad n g n o e o f t h e k e a s a “ r a e d
-

(o r e br o y is
lt
m at i c ally a ere d ) n o e — d u e ar ge
.

-
t o t he t l ly l s si t
an o m a o u c
gn a u re i n o m m o n u se t o d ay—c au e -
s s
m an a y st
u d e n t o be i n on d era t
e dou c si bl bt w h e th e h e i s a ct u ally pl ayi n g o r w i t i n g i n
r r a m i n or
ke y o r se its
a ed Re a e c ll
m a or 1
-
l tiv j .
‘

tic l w ith t h E li M d f m d i v l
Id en a e o an o e o e ae a u se .

Th f l l w i g x m pl
e tk f m
o o c tw n e a e, a en ro a re en o rk on t p i t w il l s h w x ct l y t h s t
Co u n er o n e e a e or of
i xp i c d p pi l w l d w it t t h f i t s t i d th t h w s ci ll ti
,

thi g th t m y
n a an an ne er en e u ou r e, W ith ou e a n e ea a e as o a n
g
b tw A m i
e e en d C m j n o r an a or

Th e p ssa a ge is of s p f ctl y c ct ; t h im p t t p i t h w v i s th t t h s t d t s h l d
c o u r e, er e o rr e e o r an o n o e e r, a e u en ou
s f t l ity i it s c s d t im gi th t it m i s i t h k y f A m i th g h
, ,

f l t h ch
ee e an ge o o na n o u r e , an no a ne a re a n n e e o n or ro u

out —W hi ch ,
fo r s m c i s s i s ct lly t h i w t k by t h th f t h w k i q s ti
o e ur o u rea o n , a ua e V e a en e au or o e or n ue on .
14 M E L OD Y AND HAR M O NY .

13 H is fi str ai m , t h e r e fo r e ,
mu st be t o d isti n gu is hc f lly b e tw een t h e s e t w o to n aliti e s
ar e u ,

cq c th i s en d t h e e x er c is e s in t he pre se n t
.

an d t o a ui r e t he po w er o f t hi n ki n g ea sily i n ea h To .
,

ch pt will be fo u n d e d e n ti e ly u p o n s c al e ( i t h e H arm o ni c M i n o S c ale by w hi ch

'

Re l a ti v e m aj o will be e n g
a er r .
r ,

c o n fu si o n with t h e e re d r r p ac ti c ally i m po s sibl e

r .

NB — Wh h h h d s ffi ci t p ctic i t h en e as a u en ra e n e u se f th H m
o e ic Mi S c l t h m y
ar on n or a e, e an

b tif l ff ct s bt i b l by t h m pl ym t f t h th t w f m s f s c l w ill b c si d d
. .

e au u e e o a na e e e o en o e o er o or o a e e on er e .

14 In t h e m n o r k e ysp e c i al c a e n ee ds t o b e t ak e n (p art i c u l ar ly w h e n w r iti n g fo r vo i c es)

i ,
r ,

t i t v ls i n t h e m e l o d y o f an y p ar t ( See C h ap I Se e
.

t o av o i d au gm e n e d n e r a . . .
,
.

Th e f o ll o wi n g d i ag am will s h o w th at th e e are f o u r su ch i n t er v als an d t h at i n e v ery c as e

r r ,

e i t h e r t h e 6 t h o r 7 t h d e g e e o f t h e s c a l e is i n v o l v e dr

Au g 4 t h
. . Au g 4 t h . .

Par ti c l u ar a tt e n t i on sh o u l d t he re f o re be p ai d t o t he a ppro aching an d qui tti ng of th s e

e

d e gr e e s , e .
g .

(G o o d ) ( G o o d)

( Go od )

15 . fo ll o w ing r ule s ar e u s e fu l in c o n n e x io n wi th th is m at t er
Th e t w o

( i ) A v o i d u si n g t h e 6 t h an d 7 t h d egr ee s o f t h e H ar m o nic M i n o r s c ale in su cc essi o n ,

u n l e ss t h e y s t an d f ro m o n e a n o t h e r at t h e di s t an c e o f a d i m i ni s h e d 7 t h .

(Be tte r)

(D im 7t h ) . .

( ) l w ay s app ro ach i ng n o t e (u n l e ss i t f ll o ws
A)
11 t h e Le ad -

f r om a bove o t he 5 t h or 2u d of
th 0 se a e

(Au g . 2n d .
) ( Au g 4t h )
. .
( Au g . 5t h .
) ( Ma j o r 3 rd .
) ( Ma j o r 6t h .
)
The i v si
n er o n o f ea ch of th s i t v
e e n er als is g ood
 ME L O D Y AND H AR M ON Y . 15

E XE RC SE S I N T WO PART
I -
M E L ODI C M O VE ME NT I N THE M I NO R KE Y .

D . Ad d a m e l o d i o u s p ar t und er n ea t h t h e fo ll o wi ng p a ss age s in no te s o f
, t he sa m e l e n gt h as
th o se of the g i v e n p art u n l e ss o t h e wis e i n d i c a t e d ( Fo r f u t h er d i r e cti o n s
, r . r see p .

(Ba ss

( Te n o r ) .

( Te n o r ) .

( Vi o lin )

( 5) (6 )

(Te n o r ) ( 1 )
.

or A lto )
.

( S e e Su pp l e m en t p
, ag e v iii l
-

E . Add a si m il ar me l o d i o u s p art a bove t he fo ll o wi n g

( Ten o r ) (8 )
16 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .

( Al to ) | f
—fi
(6 )

( Treb l e p i
( l mit at e o en n g o f l w p t ) [ K y Fm
o er ar . e
'
e. Key C m a
. Ke y 15mi .

Gav o r r x
'

6
Vi l i
.

( Two o ns )

( S e e Su pp l em en t p ag vii i )
, e .

F , Wr i te s ever a l me lo d ies of y ou o w n after w ar d s ad di ng

r , a p ar t ab o ve or b el o w (as t h e
c s
a e m ay be ) , or c om p se t h
o e tw o m e l o d i e s sim u l t an e ou sly
.
 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ON Y .
1?

C HAPTE R I II .

D UA L ME L O DI C LI N E S — ( C d
ont )

FI RST STAG E S O F FL O R ID M E L ODI C M OV E ME NT .

1 . IT is o b vi o u s t h at wh e n t w o m e l o d i e s are w r itt e n in s u ch a w ay t h at t h e n o t e s o f o n e
f
di fe r i n l e n g t h f o m th o s e o f t h e o t h e a f u r t h er d eg e e o f i n d e p e n d e n c e an d c o n t rast b e tw een
r r, r
t he m is pro d u c ed an d t h e i n te re st c o re spo n d i ngly i n c rea se d
, r

(See a ls o Ex . f ro m Ba ch i n C h p
a . II Se c .

b o v e p a ss age ill u st r at e s t he u s e o f n o t e s w h i c h d o n o t b e l o n g t o t h e h ar m o n y
Th e a

aga i n st w h i ch t h e y a e s o u n d e d an d a e d iss o n an t
r with it T h e se a e t e m ed Une ssen t a l not es
, r . r r i ,

an d i n s t an c e s will be s ee n at a
( ) ( b) ( c ) ( d ) (e) ( f (g ) an d ( h) , , , , ,
.

3 .
’
fi c
In t h e st u d e n t s r st e x e r is e s i n fl o r i d m o v e m e n t a n y U n e ss e n ti a l n o t e s o u l d be ,
h
app ro a ch
e d an d u itt e d by s t e q
p o f a 2n d (a s s e w n i n t h e f o r e go i n g e x am pl e ) It t e n fo rm s h . h
w h a t is k no w n a s a Pa s si ng n o t e Th e u se o f s u h p as i ng n o t e s m a ter i ally ai d s t h e flo w o f
-
. c s -

c t
t h e m u si , ad d s p o i n an d z e st , an d p r e e n ts sti ffn e ss o f e fi e c t v ’

A nd a n t e . Ms nn u sso n x . I t li
a an Sym ph o ny.

M od er a t e . BAc n —Tw o .
-
p t I v ti s ( N
ar n en on o .

N B —In
.
( ) e x pl
lss h s It l i
am Sym p h
e y it w i ll b b s v d th t i
a f ro m Men d e o n
’ “
a an
”
on e o er e a n
s v l pl c s t h q i ck p t m v s t by s t p b t by l p I v y i s t c t h l p i s m d t
.

e era a e e u er ar o e no e u ea n e er n an e e ea a e o
t i t v l t f t h p v i l i g ch d ) T h s t d t w il l p c iv f m h i
.
,

d
a c o n c or t
an n er a o a no e o e re a n or e u en er e e ro s
x ci s s t i d s th t t h t q v s C i: d A i t h b ss p t t ( ) b th f m p t f t h
.

e er e on r a a e wo ua er an n e a ar a a o or ar o e
t t i d i D m i t h F A d C t (3 ) p t f t h T ic t i d i F m j
, , , ,

D mi o n an r a n n o r, d
e f th an a ar o e on r a n a o r , an so or
A ll s ch l ps b s t x m pl s j d ci sl y l t t d w ith s t p w i s m v m t w hich
, .

u i th ea a re , n e e e a e u i ou a e rn a e e -
e o e en
h w v f t h m s t p t s h l d p v il i t hi s ki d f fl i d w iti g
, ,

o e er
,
or e o ar ou re a n n o or r n .

Under t h e h di ea ng o f D i sso na n t n e r a i t v ls i cl d d ll 2 d a re n u e a n s, th s
7 an d 9th s ll gm t a au en ed an d
i t v ls ls p vi d d th t th i s c s t t b l w it)
,

ih
di m in s e d n e r a , an d a o t h e p erf e t 4 t h ( c ro e a e re no on o n an no e e o .
“i ME L OD Y AND HAR MONY .

DI RE CTIO NS FO R THE I O ID
F R ST STAGE S O F FL R M E L ODI C M O VE ME NT .

4 The fi st x
e er cris e s fl
in o d i w r iti ng will t a k e t h e r f o r m o f d e c o r a ti n g si m pl e t w o p ar t -

p as s ge s with Passi n g n o t e s T h e fo ll o wi n g po i nt s s ho ul d be c are fu lly o bs er ved

.

a
-
.

( )
a A ll p a s s i ng n o e t s s h l
o u d fo r t h e
- p re s e n t b e a pp o a ch e d a n d q u i t t ed by st p I n h
t i s r e .

p ssi t ith t h y t f w h c sp an g ( o n t h e
.

r re u rn t o t h m n e o m i h i t r r
n g n o e m ay e e ar o n e o -

w ay a a -

p ri n c ipl e o f t he o rn am e n t kn o w n as t h e Mor d en t ) t h u s
,

( L Mo r d ) ( U
. . .

M ‘
o rd .
)

o r i t m ay go s am e d i e cti o n t o h y t th s
on in t he r a n o t her ar m o n -
no e, u
X

M d t typ ”
e of t (s m ti m s c l l d A x ili y t
p a s s in g n o an u ar no e ) is s u ed be lo w a
'

e a e
If th e o e
-

en
-

e or
h a rm o n y n o e , - t it i s s l l y ( th u ua o ug h no t i v i bly) b s t t t h d i s t
n ar a c f s m it
e a e an e o a e o ne

Th e it s f q tly s d t h w h l t
o ld er wr er re ue nb t m d u h v g w cc s t
e e o e ~ o n e, u o er n e ar s a e ro n a u o m ed t o t he
m p h
o re e ui s s m ito ic s
o n out p G d te s t m s t d
n ci d which i
e s b tt.
t ny p tic
oo l a e u e e e er a a ar u ar m o m en t
.

b A p ssi n o t e if c ar el e ssly i n t ro d u c e d m ay c au s e t r o u b l e e g
( ) a n
g
-

, , , . .

( Goo d)

( ) S b j e ct t o t h e ab o v e r e m a k t h e i n s er t i o n r of a pssi ng n o t e is u s u ally
a po ssiblb
-

0 u ,

e ffe c ti ve if h ar m o n y n o t e s st an d a t t h e d ist an c e o f
- a 3r d f o m o n e an o t h er e g
r , .

c oul d b v i sly be d c
o ou e o r a ed a st f ll ws
o o

XERCISE S E .

A By i n t ro d u c i n g p assi n g n o t e s ( t ak en i ev e y c a s e by st e p ) in t h e
.
-
n r upp er p ar t of t he
fo ll o w g e x e c i se s m ai n tai n ( as far as p o ssibl e ) a m o v e m e n t i n q u av e s
_

in r ,
r .

N B —Wh . .t h g iv p t it s l f m v s i q v s l v it x ct l y w i tt
ere e en ar e o e n ua er , ea e e a as r en .
20 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ONY .

N B — If t w o p ss i g t s
a n -
no e be it b
re m e m e r e d , n o e n ot ts b l e on in g t o t h
e p v il i
re a ng h ar
y) cc s cc ss i it i s b tt sc t s ct
. .

e o nd o ne t o go on am e d i re i o n , an d no t
mon o ur in u e on, e e r fo r t h e in e

to re t ur n , e .
g .

In a p ssa ag e s ch u as the f ll w i
o o n
g , t h e n o e m ar t k ed ( )
x
is n ot a p as si n g
-
n o te, a l th o ug h it m v s byo e

st p e bu t is p t ar of t he p v ili
re a ng ch
o rd o f C

It i s th , f
e re o re , f re e in it s m v o em en t ,
an d m ay l p if
ea ne e c ss y ar .

(D e c o rat e up p er p ti q v s)
ar n ua er
—
.

et c .
F
_
fi

(a) L ea v thi s
e t
n o e as a c tch t
ro e .

( D e c o rat e lo w e r p t i c tch t s th
ar n ro e ro u g h t)
ou .

(De c t
o ra e e i t h e r p ti q v s
ar n ua er , as s i t bl
u a e an d
'

e fle c t i ve .
)

(a ) In w ki g this E x cis t h b ss p t
or n of b s1 an d 2, an d of b s9 an d 1 0, s h ld in t h e

m J IIn
er e, e a ar ar ar ou ru n

f ll w i
o o ng r hyth m —

—
( ) ( b) D o
b de c t ts p t withi I

not t he of the
o ra e no e up p er ar n t he I I .
 ME L OD Y AND H A R M ON Y .
21

E . Add a m el o d i o u s uppe r p ar t
, en t i ely i
r n p ulse n o te s (w ith
-
t he e x c ep t i o n of the fi l
na

n o t e ) t o t h e fo ll o wi n g
,

( A lt o i n
cr o tch e t s ) .

(Te n o r in m i im s )
n .

m i im s )
n .
(3 )

F . Ad d a si m il a r me l d i ou s
o lo w er pa t t o
r t he fo ll o wi n g

( A l to in
c tch t s
ro e

( Co u c o rd a n t i n
t er va l o f et h . ) t e r va l o f b l h .
)
 MEL OD Y AND HAR MONY .

3 . Ad d a p ar t in c o t c h e ts
r belo w
“

e x ampl e 2 in Se c ti on E , fo r a Ba ss v i ce
o .

G . Ad d a me l o d i o u s upp er p a t r , en ti e ly i n d o tt e d c o t ch e ts
r r , t o the fo ll o wi ng
(A lt a )

N B — T ak e
. . a cc oun t of t he o pp t iti s f
or un e . or Se q uen c e in t h e a b v x ci s
o e e er e .

H . Ad d a me l o d i o u s lo w er p ar t i nd o t t ed q uave s r , t o the fo ll o wi ng
A lleg re
t to .
 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M ON Y .
23

FL O RID M E L ODI C M OV E M E NT I N TH E MI NO R KE Y .

THE U SE or T HE
‘
M E L o n rc ’
M IN O R SC AL E .

5 . flo r i d m e l odi m o v e m e nt i n t he m i no r ke y t he t w o fo m s o f t h e so c a ll e d Me lod i c
In c , r -

m i n r s c al e ( s h e w n i n C h a pt e r II Se c
o pl ay an i m p o t an t p a t in s e c u r i n g a sm o o t h a nd
.
, . r r

fl o wi ng e ff e c t fo r b y th e i r m e an s it is po ssibl e t o av o i d t h e so m e wh at u n v o c al i n t e v al o f
,
r

au gm e n t e d 2nd b e t w e e n t h e 6 t h a nd 7 t h d e g e e s o f t h e Har m o n i c m i n o r s c al e an d t h u s t o r ,

i n c ea s e t h e p ssi b iliti e s o f st e p wis e m o ve m e n t i n t h e u pp e r t e t ra ch o rd o f t he ke y

r o -
.

6 Th e pr n
. e i c ipl s wit
h re gard t o t h e u s e o f t h e n o e o f t h e Me o d no r a e at t h e t s l i c mi sc l
p s t st
r e en age a re er m e v y si pl
h e ar e as o o t y f ll ws
j i
(a ) Th e m a o r 6 t h an d t h e m n o r 7 t h ( t h e n o e n o t o u n d i n t h e H ar m o n m n o r afe ) t s f ic i sc
“

are t o be u e d (ass y )
e t o e ass l ly p ssi
a n
g n o t e é —n o t as ar m o n n o e -
h y -
t s .

( b) Th e p a ssi n g n o t e t ak e n be lo w t h e
-
L ead i n g -
t
no e o f t h e ke y s ho u l d be t h e m a j or 6 th of
t h e Me l o d i c m i n o s c al e e g
r , . .

( ) c p a s s i ng no te t ak e n
Th e -
a bo ve t h e Su m e d b i an t *
sho ul d be t h e m i no r 7th of t he
M e l d i c mi n
o sc al e e g
or ,
. .

( All go o d)

( Au g . 2n d .
)
(Awk w ar d )

(d ) I n fi lling -
up t h e g ap of a 4t h e b tw e en D o m i na n t an d To n i c ( w h e n t h e s e a e su cc e ssiv e r

a s c e n d i g a n d d e sc e nd i n
ha rm o n y n o t e S ) t h e s al f s u u o rm o f t he n
g M l d ic m i n o s c a l e s h o uld e o r
-
,

be fo ll o w ed r e p e c tiv e ly acc o rd i ng t o
s , t h e d i r e cti o n o f t h e p a ss ag th s e, u

( Mi 7th d 6t h d sc
no r di g ) an e en n .

8 . T he fo ll o wi n g p a ss age w ill ill u st at e r t he a bo ve n am-

ed u e s s
( c) (t ) /

Th e S u m e d b i t th t i s
an ,
a , of t he H a i m o n i c m in o r sc l
a e .
24 MEL OD Y A ND HAR M O NY .

X I
E E RC SE S ON FL O R ID T W O P AR T M O VE M E N T I N M I
- N O R K E Y S .

I D e c o r a t e t h e u pp er p ar t o f t h e f o ll o wi n
g by m a i n t a i n i n g
“

a q u a v e r m o v e m e n t w he re
,

po ssibl e ( See d i c ti n s fo Se c t i o n A in m aj o r k e ys o n p age

.

. re o r ,

( a ) L e av e thi s t
n o e as a c tch t
ro e .

( b) L ea v thi s
e t
n o e as a do tt ed c tch t
ro e an d t ie it t o a q u a v er .

J . In si m il a m ann er
a r ,
ma i n tai n a q v
ua er mo vem t (wh en e re v p ssibl
er o e ) i n t h e lower pa rt
of t he fo ll o wi ng e x c i s s er e

( a ) Wh e n e v e r t he l w p th
o er ar as t he f l l wi
o o p ttng a er n t he d o tt ed c ro t ch t
e

sh o uld be ti ed t o t he fi st f g
r p
o a ro u of th re e q v s th s
ua er , u

K , In a s m il ar m an n e m ai n t ai n a q u a v e m o v e m e n t ( w h e r ev e r p o ssibl e ) in t h e fo ll o wi ng
i r, r

p ass age . I n t o d uc e t he q u v e s i n ei t h r u pp e o r l o w e p a t as m ay be f o m ti m e t o ti m e
r a r e r r r r
e ffe c tiv e
,

A lla g a vot m .
 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y . 25

L . Ad d m e l o d i ou s u pper p ar t
a , en t i ly i c tch t s ( wi th t h
re n ro e e e x c ep t i o n of t he fi al n o t
n e ) ,

t o t he fo ll o wi ng p a ss age s
( Te n o r ) ( 3 ) .

M . Ad d a me l o d i o s low e p a t e n ti ly in c ro t ch e ts t o t h e ab o v e t w o m e l o d i e s
u r r , re , .

N B — No 1 sh l d b t sp s d 8 hi g h
ou e r an o I thi s c s t h s gg s t d s m ll
e an ve er n t s will a e e u e e a no e of
s is
. . . .
,

c o ur e , be d re
ga r d e d .

N . Add a si m il a p art
r , en ti e ly in
r d o t t ed c t ch ts
ro e , a bove t he fo ll o wi n g

0 . T r an sp o se the a o b v e p a ss age an 8 ve h i gh er , a n d ad d a lo w er pa t r en ti ly
re in d o tt ed
c ro t c h e ts .
26 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ON Y

C HA PT ER I V .

D UA L M E L OD I C LIN E S .

O RID ME L ODI C M OV E ME NT— SE C O ND STAG E

FL .

1 IN t h e p e c e d i g c h apt e r t h e s tu d e n t s e x e c is e s i n c o nn e xi o n wit h fl o i d m e l o d i c
’
. r n r r

w iti n g w e re c o n fi n e d t o ( i ) t h e e m b e llis h m e n t by m e an s o f p a ssi n g n o t e s o f S m pl e t w o p a t

r i r
-
-

, ,

pa ss age s and ( ii ) t h e ad d iti o n o f a m e l o d y (in l o nger no t e s o f a fi x e d v al u e) t o a g v e n fl o d

,
i ri

pa t r .

2 Th e n e xt s t e p will be t h e ad d iti o n o f a fl o r i d p ar t t o a m e l o d y i n sl o w e n o t e s an d als o

; r ,

t h e c o m b i n ti o n o f t w o m e l o d i e s e ch o f whi c h i s t o a g e a t e
a o r l e ss e xt e n t
,
a flor d i n r r i

c h a ac te
r i n w h ic h t h e n o t e s v a y i n l n g th an d in whi c h a fl o wi n g styl e i s p re s erv e d by
r r e ,

t h e i n t rod u c ti o n o f u n e ss e n ti al n o t e s ) Th e t w o f o ll o wi n g e x a m pl e s ill us t at e b o t h f o r m s
.
r

o f e x e c is e : r

( ) M e l o d y e n ti e ly i n c o t ch e ts t o w h ic h a p ar t i n q u a ve r s is t o be a d d e d
*
a r r ,
.

(b) Fl o r i d me lo dy ,
to w h i ch an o the mel o d yr of a si m il ar c h ara c t e is t o r ad d e d

DI RE C TIO NS FO R T HE ADDI TIO N O F A FL O R ID PART .

Fr o m t h e f o e go i n g e x am pl e s, c e t ai n c o n c l u si o n s m ay be d a w n w h i ch w i ll s e rv e as
r r r

d i re cti o n s fo r t h e ki n d o f w o r k n e xt t o be a tt e m pt e d .

( ) Wh e e v er t h e t w o p a ts are s t/m k t oget h r th e y s h o u l d ( as h e e t o fo r e ) fo ma c o n

a n r c e ,
r r

c o r d a n t i nt e v al an d a ll p assi n g n o t e s s h o ul d be a pp ro ach ed an d q u itt ed by s tep

r ,
-
.

( b) A n o c c asi o n al l a p m ay b m ad e i n t h e q u i c k e r m o v i n g p a t bu t o n ly t o a c o c or d a n t
e e -
r ,
n

m t e va l t o a 3 d 6 t h p e fe c t 5 t h r 8 ve o u n is o n ‘
r r , ,) r , , r .

T hi s f o rm of e x ci s w ill
er e be f am ili ar t o t he t ch
ea e r, in a ll p b bi l ity
ro a as
“
Co u n t p i t er o n of th e
Se c o nd S p ci s
e e .
”
,

l Th e
“
l pt
ea t h e er e o p f ct
5t h o e r t h e v M d i t f t h m j k y i s s l ly
e an o e a or e u ua ro u g hi n e fle c t , a n d i s b ste
av i by
o d ed b
t h e e ginn e r Th e Medi an t s h l d s lly b th g ht f b i
ou u ua e ou o as ear ng t h e l at i n v sier on of t he
l p cc i l y g
.

T ct
o ni
“

ri a d , an d t h e e a m a d e a o rd n g , e.

( Ro ug h ) ( Be t t e r )
28 MEL ODY AND HAR M ONY .

(e) A pas s in g ~
no te sho u l d no t p o c ee d fr o m
r a 2ud i n to a un is o n , as in t he f ll o wi ng
o

i n st an c e s

Th e effe ct is s lly s m u ua udg y .

’

(f T o o a n an g bt ibl e m o v e m e n t a l o n g t h e s c a l e li n e ( p ar ti c u l ar ly t h e d e s c e n di n g
a re e a
-

s c al e ) it is p e m issibl e o cc asi o n ally t s o u nd a p a ss i n g n o t e w i t h a n o t eo f t h ch o r d up on

r o -
e ,

In t h is w ay t h e e s o l u ti o n o f t h e d i s s o n an t n o t e t ak e s
,

t he c cen t an d n o t ( a s u s u a l ) ft e it
a ,
a r .
r

pl ac e at t he su c c ee d i ng w e ak e r p art o f t h e bar as i n t h e fo ll o wi n g i n st an c e ,

Th epw ar d r e so l u ti o n is m uch m o e d iffic u lt t o i nt

u r ro du c s cc ssfu lly
e u e , and u u a s lly r eq ui r e s

t h at bo t h p ar ts m o ve s c al e wise i n c o n t a y m o ti o n -
r r

The fo ll o wi ng h o w e v er s h ews
, ,
a fu th e r p o ssibl e us e
r

A cc t en e d p assi n g n o t e s 1 are u s ally m u ch

-
'
u m o re a pp o p i at e and
r r e ff e c tiv e in t he u pp e ,th an
r

in t he l o w er , o f t h e t w o p art s .

NB cc s i l
-
f th
Th e o c t d di ss c p v t s th s m w h t i s i p id fl t p od c d
a ona u se o e a c en e o n an e re en e o e a n e
'

eo r u e

p ss g i w hich th i s thi g b t s t m f c s c s t h cc t d b t s
.

by n xt
.

a e en d e d a a e n ere no n u a rea o on o n an e on e a en e ea

It i s h w v ft d iffic l t t m k A cc t d p ss i g t s s d w ll i t w p a t w iti g d
.

o e er, o en u o a e en e a n -
no e ou n e n o -
r r n an

th i m pl ym t t thi s s t g f t h l s w k s h l d b s m w h t xc p ti l T ki p t
, ,
’
e r e o en a a e o e e ar n e r or ou e o e a e e o na o s o an

t d p ss i g t i s s ll y v y h s h if th ly t w p t s ; d s ch p c di g
.

A cc en e a n -
no e u ua er ar e re are on o ar an u a ro ee n
s h l d b i g sl y x cl d d f m t h e p s t x ci s
ou e r o ro u e u e ro re en e er se .

h s l i s t bi di g w h t h p t s
T i ru e no w itt f i s t m t s f c t s t d q li t i s f t
so n n en e ar ar e r en or n ru en o on ra e ua e o o ne
fo r ha d vi l i ) Th f ll w i g x t ct f m H ydn s Sym p h y i D (P t s E di ti o
o rn an a o n e o o n e ra ro a
’
on n e er
'
n,
will s h w p f ct l y c ct ff ct w hich i v c l w iti g t l s t i b t v i d d :
.

No . e f a er e o rr e u se o an e e , n o a r n a ea ,
s ‘
es a o e

Ho r ns .

i Fu l l y di s c u ss e d in C h p t XV II
a er .
 MEL OD Y AND HARM ONY .
99

X ERCI SE S I N FL O RID T WO PART M OV E ME NT— SE CO ND ST AGE

E -
.

A Add a m e l o d i o u s p ar t as sp e c i fi e d a bove t h e fo ll o wi n g m e l o d i e s
. , , .

N B — B gi ch x ci s w ith c c d t i t v l f t
e n ea e er t c
e sp d i g t t h p v i li g
a on or an n er a a er a r es o rr e on n o e re a n

t s f t h d d d p t ; thi s m k s t h t y f t h fl id p t cl l t sh ld b
. .
,

no e o e a e ar a Th fi
e e en r o e or ar e ar e r e na no e ou e

f th s m v l th t i t h giv m l d y Th R m ls in t d c d i t h c s f
.

o e a e a ue as a m n e en e o e o an nu e ra ro u e n e o ur e o

t h e x cis s s i g ify t h h m i s th t s h l d b im pl i d w h th y cc
.

e er e n e ar on e a ou e e e re e o ur .

( Alt o in c ro tch t s )
e .

( T r e bl e in q v s)
ua er .

( Te n o r in c tch t s )
ro e .

( 8 6 6 Su ppl em e n t p
, a
ge viii ) .

B . Ad d a si m il ar p a t r belo w t h e fo ll o wi ng m e l o d i e s

(Al to in q v s)
ua er .

( Alt o in q u a v e r s ) .

( b) Mo v e d o w n t h e s c al e , i
us n g an a cc t en ed p ssia t
n g n o e ag a n
-
i st t h e B .

3 . Ad d a b ss p t i q v s be l w No
a ar n u a er o . 1 in Se ct i on A .

Tr an spo s e No 4 in Se c . ti on A an 8ve h g i he r , an d add a b ass p a t i n c tch t s b l w i t

r ro e e o .

( S S ppl m t p g i )
ee u e en ,
a e x .
30 MEL ODY AND HAR M NY O .

NO TE S O N T HE W O RKI NG O F FU T URE E X E RCI SE S .

4 .
(i) x e cis e s th a t fo ll o w t h e ad d e d p art will o cc asi o n all y h av e f our n o t e s t o
In t he e r ,
-

e ac h o n e i v e n m el o d y an d it is i m po r tan t t o n o t e t h a t a goo d effe c t m ay be o b t ai ne d

o f t he g ,

by c a ryi ng o n h e re an d th e e s o m e littl e m e l o d i c fr agm n t b y se qu enc e : fo r e x amfl e t h e

r ,
r ,
e ,

o p e n i n g b a s o f E x e r cis e ( i ) in S ec 0 b e l o w mi g h t w e ll ru n a s f o ll o ws
r .

C are sh o u l d be t ak e n h o w e ve , r , no t to o ve rd o the se q uen t i al m o ve m en t wh i ch , ea sily b e c o m e s

t it e an d m e c h an i c al
r .

( ii ) Whe n fo u n o t e s go t o o n e o f t h e giv en m e l o d y t h e m ixt ur e o f l e aps wi th s te p wis e

r ,
-

m o v e m e n t m ay be m o r e f e e ly e mpl o y ed t h an i n t h e c as e o f t w o n o t e s t o o n e e g
r , .

(All go o d )

Th e fo l lo w in g , h wv
o e e r, ar e fau lty

(Bad l pt
ea o a 4t h ) ( Bad l pf m ea ro an

i m pl i d 2ch
.

e o rd .
)

(iii) p o ssi b l e t o m ak e o cc a si o n a l use o f t h e m e l o d i c fi g u r e k n o w n a s Ch an gi n g n o t es

I t is -

(w h i ch 18 i n r eality a d e v e l o p m en t o f t h e Mo rd en t fi gu re al e ad y m et with )
. .

r .

( Cl x x x x

H e re it will be s ee n i n e ver y i n s t an c e a p a ssi n g n o t e b e fo e r e s o lvi ng

, ,
-

, r , s kip s a 3 rd t o t h e
p ass mg n o t e o n t h e o th er si d e o f its r e s o l u ti o n n o te Th e l o w e r o f t h e tw o p ssi n
g no t e s
-
-
. a -

sh o u l d u su ally be at t h e d i st an ce o f a se m i t one b e l o w i ts re so lu t io n fi ‘

Com p a re t he a o b v x e e am pl s e of C h i
an g n g n o e
-
t s with th f ll wi e o o n
g Mo rd e n t fi gu re s
 ME L OD Y A ND HARM ONY . 31

E X E R C I SE S .

0 . Add a m e l od i o u s p ar t , en ti ely i n
r quaver s a bo ve t h e fo ll o wi ng
,

( Tre bl )e

( Te no r ) .

Ad d a simil ar m e l o d i o u s p a t r be lo w t h e fo ll o wi n g z

5 . s u cc e e d i ng e x erc ise s are i nt e nd ed t o aff o rd pract i c e in ad d i n g t o a m e l o d y in w h i c h

Th e
t h e n o te s v a y i n l e n gth an o th e r p a t o f a si m il a c h ara c t er
r ,
r As t h e a im in this type o f
r .

e x e c is e is t o p o d u c e a n a g e e a bl e d e g e e o f c o n t ra st o f m o ve m e n t b e t ween t h e t w o p a r ts
r r r r it ,

will be w ell t o r e m e m b e th a t n o te s ( in t h e giv en m e l o d y ) whi c h m o ve m o e q u i c kly th an t h e

r r

pu l se o b e at s ho u l d ( u s ually ) be acc o m p ani e d by sl o w er o n e s ;a l o n ge n o t e i n t h e give n p art

,
r ,
r ,

h o w eve , o ft e n affo r d i ng s c o pe fo r a m o re fl o ri d t re at m en t o f its c o m pan io n

r .

E x m pl
a e (b) in Se c . 2 of thi s ch p t s h l d b c
a er ou e f lly an al y s
are u ed .

6 . fo ll o wi ng d i re c t i o n s s h o u l d be o bse rve d
Th e

( ) No t e s qu i c k e r t h an t h e pu ls e o r b e a t u s uall y s o u nd sm o o t h er an d m o re fl o wi n g w h e n
a , ,

they are t ak en o n t he w ea ke p ar ts o f t h e bar e g r , . .

32 ME L OD Y AND HA R MON Y .

If bo th s tro ng an d w e ak pulse s are b o k en u p i n to s h o t e r r r no e ts ,

the effe ct i s , ho w v e e r, go o d

( b) An o a o a n l r cc si
e st o f c o m p a a ti v e ly s h o r t d u r a ti o n e sp e c i a lly
r ,
at a st o n g b e at (or
r

t f q b e s t po ssi b l e e ff e c t
,

st b is tly f t h ( S ee E x am pl e ( b) i n
t he ro n g p
e r a r t o f a n y e a ) e ue n o e,
r .

Se c .

X ERCI SE S E .

E Add a m e l o d i o u s p a t ( o f si m il ar ch ar ac t e t o t h at
r r of t he g i ve n p ar t) e it h er ab o ve or

be l o w t h e fo ll o wi g m e l o d i e s as i nd i c a t e d
.

n ,
.

Do not t
i n ro d u c e t s q ick th q v s
no e u er an ua er .
Qua v s
er in t h e g iv en me l dy s h l d
o ou , un e sl s
o th er w i s sp cifi
e e e d, be a cc m p i d by l g
o an e ts on er n o e .

(A d d Tr e bl e ) .

B gi thi s x ci s in di c t d by t h fi g v th A th lt i m it t
“
e n e er e as a e e u re o er e , an d en le t t h e A o a e t he
Ba ss x ctl y h l f b l t ( t t h di s t c f 6 t h ) til t h p
e a , a a ar a er a e an e o a un e o in tm k ar ed ( a) .

(6) V ( I)
( 5)
( b) _

If c i
ar r e d o n fo r s ome t im t he b k
r ea i ng

up of t he st ro n g b ts ea on ly i s no t o bj cti
e o na bl e .

T Th e
 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ON Y .
33

(Ad d A lt o. )

Min u e t .

(Ad d Vi l p to a ar , 1 m os t ly in
'
q ve s )
ua r .

( Vi l i
o n .

( S ee Su pp l e m en t p
, age s ix an d x)
.

F . Wri t e
i gi n al m el o d i e s o n t h e ab o v e pl an an d aft er c r iti ci s m b y t h e te ach er ad d a
or , ,

s e co n d fl o i d p art a b o v e o b e l o w each Also en d eavo ur t o c o m po se t h e t w o fl o ri d m e l o di e s

r r .

si m ul t aneo u sly .

Wh e n a re s t cc s i
o ur n the g iv en me l dy
o a no e t (o r no e t s) s h l d b giv
ou e en t o t he a cc om p yi g p t
an n ar .

1 Th e do w n w ar d
'
c om p ss
a of t he Vi l
o a en d s at
E H. Use t h e A lt o st afi , with C l f;
c e do
ha .

no t w ite hi g h th
r er an

I Th e l w st
o e n o e oft th e Vi l nc llo i s E
o o e
34 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .

C HA PTER V .

D UA L M E L OD I C L I NE S

T H E U SE O F THE T IE — S YNC O PATIO NS AND S U SPE NSI O NS .

1 . A mo s r v al u abl e m ean s o f o b t ai n i n g i n d ivi d u a lity o f m o v m en t in i n d e p e n d e n t m e l od i c

'
e

w riti ng is ffo d e d by t h e se o f t h e Ti e It m ay be e m pl o y e d in t w o w ays ; it m ay p o l o n g a

a r u .
r

c o nc o d an t n o t e o c c ur i ng p o n a w e ak er p a t o f a bar ( 1) so as t o fo m a no t her co nco rd o n t he

r r u r r

fo ll o wi ng st o n ge a cc e n t e g
r r ,
. .

or ( i i ) so as to fo rm a d i scor d n ee d ng i to re os l ve by ste p (u s u ally d o w n w ar d s) , e .

g .

2 . L ittl e s id in
re q i s
u re t o be a f
re e r en c
i( ) s av e th at i t c an o fte n be u se d w h e re the
e to ,

o f t h e s am e n o t e w o u l d
r ep e t i t i on be d u ll an d m o n o t o n o u s Co m p ar e t h e s yn c o p at i o n i n
.

(a ) ab o ve w ith t h e f o ll o wi n g
'

3 . tyi ng o f a n ot e so a s t o p ro d u c e a d i ssona nce h o w e ver g i v e s u s t h e i mpo r t an t e l e men t

Th e , ,

of m si c a l e ffe c t k n o w n a s t h e S u sp e n si o n
u T his m ay be simply i ll u str at e d by t aki ng a pa ss age
.

of 6 t h s o r 3 rd s s u ch as ,

an d l ayi ng o ne o r o th er
de of t he p ar t s so t h at i t m o ve s , not w i th i t s c o m p ani o n bu t f ter
a i t , in
sy n co p a ted f a shi o n th u s ,

T he s spu en d e d no et is m k ar ed xi n e ach c s
a e.

4 . Th e e x am pl e s sp en si o n fo rm s n o p a t o f t h e h ar m o n y again st
i n Sec 3 . sh e w th at a Su r

w h ic h it is s o u nd e d ; it is th e e fo e a n o t h er i n st an c e o f an Une sen t i a l d is cor d

r r Li k e t h e s .
*

a cc e n t e d p a ssi n g n o t e o App o gg i a t u ra it o cc u r s u p o n a n o m ally st r o n ge r p art o f t h e bar th an

-

,
r , r

t h e re al h m o n y n o t e it d e l ays
ar -
.

Th e a ctu l h a ar m o n y o f th e two p ssa ag e s at ( b) i s cl ear ly i d ent ic l w ith th t

a a of t h s
o e g iv e n at (a ) .
36 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M ON Y .

( G iven p t)
ar .

Th e h arm o n ic ou tli ne of thi s p ss a age is as fo ll wso

N B —W h e n e v e r a l e a i m a d e in t h e c o u r p s s f t h q ick m v i g p t —
e o e u er -
o n ar a s at (x ) in E x s .
(a ) an d

s p vi s x ci s s i fl i d w iti
. .

( b — i t m u t be t o a c on c o r d a n t in t e r v al a s i n
) ,
re ou e er e n or r n g.

DI RE CTIO NS A S T O THE U SE O F TH E TIE .

8 . WH E NE V R a Su sp en si o n i s u s e d it s tan d s fo t h e ti m e b e i n g i n p la ce of
E ,
r t he t pon
no e u
w hi ch i t is go i n g t o re s o l ve ; c o n s e q e n tly w h ere th at n t e w o u l d c au s e an u ,
o u n s a t i sf a c t o r y
p ro gre ssi o n it is i m po ssi b l e fo r t h e Su sp en si o n t o be t ak e n e ith er e g
, ,
. .

( All had )

(o o n se o . 8v e s .
) (c o n sc e . 5 th s ).
( si m i l a r mo ti on

to a 5t h .
)
NB .
—
Pa ss
f l l wi g wh
ag e s s ch
u as the o o n e re a6t h is
d e a ed e a ly
m e by a 5t h , ar e u a e, ch ti j s tifi bl
s th t i ( ) tw s p t ch d s p li
.
,

for th e rea on a n a o e ar a e or ar e i m e d i n e e ry bar , an d i n ( b) t h e v

e d n o e in ti t
ea ch c s i s t t h
a e l h m y t t ll
no e r ea ar on -
no e a a b u t m e r e y a n
“
un e l
en a Su e n o n d e ayi n g ss ti l sp s i l
pp
,

th e a c f th t h m y t
e ar an e o a ar on -
no e

Ne ith e r o f th s p c e e ro e e din g s c an be s id t
a o be v y s ti s f ct y
er a a or in t w o -
p t w iti
ar r ng ; wi th t h re e
or m o re p t s t h ff ct w
ar e e e o uld be q it
u e go o d , e .
g .

Th e t ie d o e n o t m a s t eri ally i m pro ve t h e i m p li ed c o n s e c u ti ve 8ves an d 5t hs in p assage s

su ch as t h e o o i n g f ll w
( No t t o be re c om m en d e d .
)

10 . In t h e s t u d en t s fi r st e x er c ise s
’

, t h e t ie s ho u l d a lw ays be m ad e fr o m a c nco o rd an t
in t erv al (no t fro m a p a ssi n g no t e ) t h u s -

N B —Re m em ber in t hi
. . sc o nn e xi on th t a a 4t h is no t a c c
on o r d an t i nt v l in tw o p t w itin g
er a -
ar r
 ME L OD Y AND HA R M ONY .
87

A s i gl p ss ibl xc p ti
n e o e e e on t o t he p hibiti
ro on of t he u se of the ti ed 4t h o cc s w h t h b ss
ur en e a

mo v s i p g gi p t it f
e n ar e o u o r o m t he 3 r d of th l we p t o er ar ,

( Im p l ied

11 . O cc a si onally , a re st m ay be su b s t i tu ted fo r t h e t i e , w ith x c ll t

e e en e ff e ct , e .
g.

E XE RCI SE S O N T H E U SE O F T H E T IE .

SYNC O PAT IO N A ND SU SPE NSIO N .

A fre quen t u se o f t i e d no t e s ( as s h e w n i n t he fo ego i ng po r ti o n s o f th is c h apt e r )

BY t h e r ,

an d t h e o cc a si o n a l i n t o d u c ti o n o f p a ssi n g n o t e s m a i n t ai n a c o n t i n u o u s m o v e m e n t in q u ave r s
.

r -

thro u g h o u t t h e upp er p a t o f t h e fo ll o wi n g r

( C ti simi l ly ) on nu e ar .

x Lea v thi s t
e n o e as

a c tch t
ro e .

( a) (a )

(a ) Le a v th s t w
e e e o
no e t s c tch t as ro e s.

B . In a sim il ar m an n er m ai n t ai n a c tc h t m o v
ro e em e n t th ro ug h t ou t h e lo w er p ar t o f t he
fo ll o wi n g

N B — Do not ti e t h e s sp s i s i
u en on n the f l l wi
o o ng e x ci s w h
er e e re a x i s i d ic t
n a e d, bu t s t ik th
r e e m
f sh
. .

a re , as s h o w n in bar 1 .
38 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ON Y .

Tw o
’
c ll s
e o .

C In si m il a m ann e m ai n t a i n a m o ve m en t en ti re ly in c o t c h e ts i n t h e f o ll owi n g but

a r r r ,

d ist r ib u t e t h e c ro t ch e t m o v e m e n t ( in t h e f o m o f sy n c o p a ti o n s s u sp e n si o n s o p ass m g n o t e s )
.

r ,
r -

b e tw ee n t h e t w o p a ts a s yo u d ee m t h e eff ct t o be go o d
r ,
e

D
‘

. Ad d a me l o d i o u s p ar t en ti e ly in c ro tch e t s below
r the fo ll o wi n g

E . Ad d a simi l ar p a t i n m i n i m s a bove t he fo ll o wi ng
r

(x ) A cc t
en ed Pa ss in g no e
-
t .

t
Trea t h e ti ed n o ets as Su sp s i s i
en on n a ll c s s xc pt
a e ,
e e at (a ) .
 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ON Y . 89
I

F . Ad d a p ar t en t i ly
re in q v s ill st ti
ua er ,
u ra ng t he u se o f sy n c o pat i o n s an d su sp e n si o n s ,

a bo ve the ol of l wi n g

( S eeppl m t p g x
Su e en , a e

2
.
A Vi o li n p ar t in q v s
u a er t o be ad d e d ; u se fre qu e n t ti e s v a i e d
,
r by c c si l p ssi g
o a o na a n
no e t s .

Vi l i
o n .

Vi l o a.

G . Ad d a si m il ar p ar t i n q uave s belo w r t he f o ll o wi n g

2
.
A Ce llo ar i n
f p t qu av er s t o be a d d e d ; u s e p a ssi n g n o t e s f -
re e ly v a i e d by
r a n oc ca s i o na l

(Wri e t h e C e o
,
tie . t ll p a t o n t h e Ba ss st aff )
'
r .

Vi l o a.

H . A dd an o th er me l o d i o u s p a t (in w h i ch t h e n o t e s vary in l e n gth ) si m il a

r , r in s tyl e to
t he o ne g iv en be l o w
, t he f o ll o wi n g I n t ro d u c e ti e d n o t e s an d r e sts w h e e su it bl e
. r a .

(Be gin th s ) u .

( S e e Su ppl e m en t , p age sx an d xi ).
40 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .

C HA PTER VI .

D UA L M E L O D I C LI NE S Con t d .
)
1 . TH E E MPL O YM E NT O F C ER TAI N I DI S S O NANCE S “
E S SE NT AL .

2 FU RTH E R U SE S O F TH E ME L ODI C M I NO R SCALE

. .

1 I T i s n o t o ft e n th a t e ss e n ti a l di sc o rd s s u c h a s ch o r d s o f t h e 7 t h c an be m ad e
” ’

.
, ,

e ffe c tiv e i n t w o p a t w r iti n g Su ch d is c o rd s u s u ally re q u i re at l e as t t hr e e an d s o m e ti m e s fo u r

-
r .
, ,

p a ts t o r en d e th em i n t e lli g ibl e t o t h e e ar O ne o r t w o e x c e p t i o n s m u st h o w e v e be
r r .
,
r,

m e n ti o n e d an d am o n g st th e s e b y far t h e m o s t f e q u e n t ly m e t wit h is t h e in t er v al o f t h e
, r

di m in ish e d 5t h ( wit h its i n v e r si o n t h e au gm e n t ed 4 t h )

, , .

2 . In t h e fo ll o wi n g fam ili ar p ro
gre ssi o n s

an d ( 6)

(D im . st h .
)

the passi ng no t e -

, (t ak e n
s t D o m i n ant h arm o n y ) pro d u c e s in E x (a) a di m i n ish ed 5t h
F agai n , .

wit h t he acc o m p an yi n g B and in E x (b) an aug men t ed 4 t h Th e F re so l v e s t o E in bo th

, . .

c ase s Fro m this it is o n ly a st e p t o t h e fo ll o w in g

.

an d (d )

w h e e t h e pa ssi ng n o t e is i n e ach i n s t an c e su bs t i t u t ed fo r t h e h ar m o n y no te fr o m w h i ch
r - -
it
o r i gi n ally sp an
g An i n c o m pl e t e ch o r d o f t h e D o m in an t 7 t h is th u s f o r m e d t h e B an d t h e
r .
, F
b e i n g re sp ec ti ve ly its 3 rd an d 7t h .

3 . In no t e ag i n st n o te w r iti ng t h e abo v e i n t e rv als a e p act i c ally u se l e ss u n l e ss the y

a , r r

s l ve
re o i m m ed i at e ly as par t o f t he D o m i n an t 7 t h ch o d as i n t h e s e e x am pl e s fr o m Bee th o ve n
r ,

Bs nr n o v s n — Ro man c e i n G fo r Vi li o n.

et c
.
( b)

Th e f l l wi
o o ng w o ul d be i tl
n o e ra bl e
 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY . 41

4 . Wh en , h wvo e er , o n e o f t h e ar p ts v s
m o e m o re q i c kly t h n t h t h
u a e o er , m o m en
a ta y r
d e l ayi ng of the re o u s l tio n o f o ne t s
o f t h e n o e o f t h e n er i t v l m y cc w ith g
a a o ur o o d e ffe ct

(D im 5th .
)

( Au g . 4t h )

NB v y c s th 3
.
-
In e er a e e r d or 7 t h o f t h e D o mi n an t 7t h h ar m o n ym v s o e to o ne of the o th er
t s f th t s m ch d b f s lv
.

no e o a a e or , e o r e re o in g .

Fami l ia e x ampl s o f th is p c
r e ro e d ur e ar e t o be fo u nd in t h e t w o s u cc eed i ng e x tract s
BAon .
—Tw o part
-
In v ti s (N
en on o .

a r n o vnn .
—Sonata (O p . 2, No .

5 . Th ei n terv als o f 2n d an d 7 t h c an also be o cc asi o n ally u s ed a s u n p e p a e d e ss en ti al r r

di ss o n an c e s p vi d e d t h a t th e y e s o lv e a s p ar ts o f a c h d o f t h e 7 t h
, ro r It is r e ly h o w e v e or . ar , r,

t h at t h e maj or 7 t h (o its i n ver si o n t h e m i n or 2n d ) o c c u s accept ably in t w o p a t w iti ng

r , ,
r -
r r

( Goo d )

Min . 2nd .

CPossible ) (Le ss g oo d)
 '

42 M E L OD Y A ND HAR M ONY .

A c ert ai n am o u n t o f c a e is n ee d e d i n th i r i n t o d u ct io n an d i t is in th e m aj o r i t y o f c as e s b e t ter
r e r ,

th at t h e 7 t h o f t h e i m pli ed ch o d s h o u l d be t ak e n by st ep ( as in t h e pr e vi o u s e x am pl e s ) ;
r

(A kww ard ) ( Po ss ibl e )

Th e ne x t t w o e x tr ac t s fr o m
,
Han d e l , s h e w b o t h i n t erv als in fl o ri d two -
p art w r iti n g
HA ND E L — Har .
'

psich ord i
Su t e in F ( No .

Ha na n — Har psich ord Su it e in E m i nor ( No .

i n t er v a l
p er fe c t 4 t h ( wit h ou t pr e vi o u s pr e p ar at i o n as in c s
'

6 . Th e s t rik in g o f t he of t he a e
of a Su sp e n si o n) is p o ssi b l e u n d er t h e f o ll o wi n g c o n d iti o n s
, .

i( ) Wh e n o n e p ar t is t re at e d as an a cc e n t ed p a ssi n g—n o t e e s o l v i ng by s t ep (see p r .

( 11) Wh e n
i n t er v al i s fo r m e d by an u n ac c en t ed p assi n g n ot e m o vi n g s tep wis e
t he - -
i st
ag a n
harmo ny n o te t ak en i n t h e m i d st o f an a peg io th u s
,
a -
r c
O ,

a ?
il
It w l be n o ed tic th t thi s i s
a an in v t
er ed f o rm of t he “ h o rn lik e
"
p ss
a f
ag e r e e r r e d to on p 9
w h ch p f ct i s sim il ly s
-
.

in i t h e er e 5t h ar u ed, e .
g .
44 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ONY .

Mi n o r 7th
( fal ling t o S u b m ed i t)
an .

th i s s m i sk f t h mi 7 t h f t h M l di c m i s c l s gg s ti g t h
N B — As e re o e r o e no r o e e o no r a e u e n e l ti v
re a e

d th s s ttl i g t h t l ity it s h ld b f l l w d s p ss ibl by t h

. .

m j k y
a or e an u un e n e ona ou e o o e as o o n as o e e m j a or7 th
t f t h m i s c l ) Th i s it w il l b
, ,

th L di g e ea n -
no e o tic d h b n d
e n or i a e , e no e , as ee on e n th eb va o e

x m pl s ( S C h p t XV III S
.

e a e . ee a er , ec .

8 . I n all o th e i n st an c e s th an th o s e gi v en ab o v e
r , t he six th d egr e e s h o ul d be mi no r , an d t he
s ev e n t h m a o r,j as i n t h e H a m o ni c m i n o r s c al e e g
r , . .

T hi s i s d ue l ar g e ly t o s
t h e d e ir e of the e ar to a pp ro a ch t h e D o m n an i t of t he S a e c l by s t
emi o n e
f rom a b v o e , an d t h e To n ic by s e mi t one f
ro m bl w
e o .
( S ee ,
h w v
o e er , C a h pt er XV III , Se c .

9 . Th e t w o fo ll o wi n g p assage s s h o u l d be c ar e ul f ly an al yse d
 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ON Y .
45

E X E R C I SE S .

D . Be gi nn i ng as u n d e r , w it e ab o u t sixt ee n b ars o f m u si c in t w o p a ts i n c l u d i n g e x am pl es
r r ,

of t he u se o f t he m a j or 6th a n d m i n o r 7 t h o f t h e M e l o d i c m i n o r sc al e as e ss en ti a l n o te s

E . Co n ti nu e t he fo ll o wi n g si m ilarly
46 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ON Y .

C HA PTE R V II .

TH R EE PA R T -
M E L OD I C WRI TI N G .

1 . i p t c
TH E m si c i an f b e i ng a bl e t o t h i n k t w o o m o e si m u l t an e o u s t o n e
o r an e t o t he m u o r r

li n e s o e , e o wh s m l d i c
m o v e m e n t is i n d e p e n d e n t is v e y gr a t ; i n t h e fi r st pl ac e it is a n , r e

abs o l u t e ly e ss e n ti l f o u n d a ti o n fo r s u c c e ss i n list e n i n g t o m u s i c o f a c o n t a p u n t l ( o r p o ly
a r a

ph o n i c ) n a t u e and s c o nd ly it is t hi s a l o n e th at will e n abl e hi m i n h i s o w n w iti ng t o avo i d

r , e r
'

t h e pi t fa ll o f c o n si d e i n g h is h a m o n y m e e ly as a s e i e s o f d u ll life l e ss
r c h o d bl o cks r r r ,
r -
.

2 Th e d eg e e o f in d e pe n d e n c e p o ss e ss e d by t h e v a i o u s p a ts (o
. r vo i c e s ) in a m u si c al r r r
“

c o m p o siti o n n a t u ally v ari e s g e atly with t h e c h arac t e o f t h e m u sic its e lf ; i n a Pi a n o fo r t e

r r r

a cc o m p an i m e n t i n b o k e n c h o d s it is o bvi o u sly sli gh t a n d i n si m pl e s o n g s an d d a n c e t u n e s

r -
r ,
-

t h e o pp o t u n iti e s f i nd e p e nd e n t m e l o d i c m o v e m e n t i n t h e p ar t w iti ng are o f n e c e ssity

r or -
r , ,

als o s o m e wh a t e st i c t e d Bu t i n c o m p siti o n s s u c h as t i o s an d q u ar t e ts fo v o i c e s i n m u si c
‘

r r .
,
o r r ,

w ritte n fo st i n g s e t c it w o u l d be t h e l ast sta ge o f w e ak n e ss a n d o f d u l n e s s fo r t h e i nn er

r r , .
,

p a ts t o c o n t rib u t e a s u cc e ssi o n o f s o u n d s lik e t he f o ll o wi n g

r

3 lt h o ugh t h e h ar m o n y o f t h e ab o ve p ass age is ab s o l u t e ly co rr ec t it i s n e v er t h e l e ss a

. A ,

s u p re m e e x am pl e o f h o w n o t t o d o it Th e b a ss is t o l e rabl e bu t m o n o t o n o u s a n d r h yth m i
"
.
,

c ally u n i n t ere s ti n g ; t h e 2n d Vi o li n and Vi o l a p a ts as d e ary a s c o u l d w e ll be i m ag i n ed r r

C o m p a e t h e wh o l e e ff e c t wit h th a t o f t h e s u cc e e d i n g v er si o n in w h i c h th o u g h t h e m u si c i s
r ,

in th e e p a t s o n ly t he abs en c e o f t h e fo ur t h p a t is m o r e t h an c o m p en s at e d fo by t h e i n c re a s e d
r r , r r

m e l o d i c i n t e e st r

Vi li o n .

’
Ce ll o.

In 4 n e d ra
. wi ng s c h t h i s , wh e e e v e y p ar t is a rea l o n e t hree p a t h arm o n y is
u as li -
r r ,
-
r

s lly
u ua v l bl t h f p t No t o nly d o e s t h e h a m o y b e c o m e u n c o m fo t ab ly
m o re a u a e an our ar -
. r n r

c w wh f
ro ded e re o u r o r m o rep ts
ar m o vi n g i n d ep e n d e n tly fo r l o ng t o ge t he bu t t h e d i ffic u lty
a re r,
of ma ki t h
ng em fl o w l i sly is o ft e n v e y grea t a n d t h e t ask a t ti m e s b e c o m e s
m e od ou r
p c ti c lly i p ssibl
,

ra a m o e .

f M F C d s y s + E v n B ch c n t l w y s b i g it ff s cc ss f lly
"
.
*
r . . or er a N t v y e a an o a a r n o u e u o e er
b l d with g d ff ct w h th f p t s t p vi d f th i s
,

t i ch d
no e b d n a or c an e ou e oo e e so en e r e are o ur ar o ro e or e re
li tt l ch ic th t t h f d m f m v m t w hich i s t h ss c f c t p i t v ni s h s d w
,
so e o e a e ree o o o e en e e en e o o un er o n a e an e
,
h v t w it m H m y h d ]21:
, ,
”
a e o r e e re ar on . C or s

Th e fi s t Vi li p t is t h
r o n ar e me l dyo of E x (a ) on p age 26 The f o ur p tsar are c om p ss
re ed u p on tw o
st v s s v sp c
. .

a e to a e a e .

i Th e Co mm o n t p i t ( Th M i S t d t M ch s sen e of Co u n er o n . e us c u en , ar ,

1 A c f l s t dy f th F g s i B ch s 4 8 w ill s h w th t v i
are u u o e u ue n a
’ ”
e a e en n t he c s a e of th s o e n om n ai lly i n
f p t s t h w it g i s v y l g ly i th p t s ly
, _

o ur ar , e r in er ar e n re e ar on .
 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ONY .
47

5 . Fo r s s s t at ed i t is re co m m e n d ed th at t h e s t ud e n t s h ou l d give a go o d d ea l
t h e re a o n
o f a tt n ti o n t o th e e p ar t m e l o d i c w iti n g
e r -
r

Th e e x cis e s t h at i m m e d i a t e ly f o ll o w are i n t h n a t u e f p eli m i n a y st u d i e s i n w h ch o n e

,

er e r o r r i

fl o ri d m e l o d ic p a t i s t o be ad d e d t o t w o g iv e n p a ts i n sl o w e r m o vi ng n o t e s No h arm o n es
r r -
.
i

b e y o n d tr i d s and t h e ch o rd o f t he D o m i nan t 7 t h are nec e ss a y

a r .

( S e e Su ppl em en t p ,
ag e xi b f
, e o re p c
ro ee d n g i t o the s ccu e e di n g e x ci s s )
er e .

I MI NA RY E X E RC I SE S I N 3 PART WRI TI NG
PRE L -
.

A ( ) Add a m e l o d i o s T e bl p a t i n q u a v e s t o t h e f o ll o wi n g p a ss age s
. a u r e r C o nj u n ct m o v e
r .

m e n t sh o u l d p e v ail a n d ( wh e s it a bl e ) n o cc asi o n a l c c e n t e d p a s si n g n o t e m ay be t ak e n
r , er u a a -
,

i f t h e d i a t o n i c s c al e li n e c an be t h e e by p e s e r v e d a n d a n awkw ar d l e ap av o i d e d
-
r r ,
.

N B — I d ic t t h h m i s by R m
. . n a e e m ar ls d t h b ss p t
on e o an n u e ra un er e a ar .

Writ e a c tch t h
ro e er e .

N B —In
. . thi s ne xt x ci s w h
e er e, e re v er th r ee q v s
ua er ar e w itt
r en in t h e b ss
a , ad d a d o t t ed c tch
ro et

in t h e Tre bl e .

x S ee A pp en d ix A , fo r re m ar ks on the u se o f au g m e n e d t in t v ls i
er a n Se q uen c e.
48 MEL OD Y AND H AR M O N Y .

Add a me l od i o u s A lto p ar t in q ave s

u r

C h o r al.

x x Be c f lt
are u o a v id c s c tiv
o on e u e 5 th s h ere .

Write a c tch t
ro e on ly at e a ch p s
au e . .
1
 MEL OD Y AND HARM N Y O .
49

(0) Add a me l o d i ou s Bass part in q v s

u a er

B . T he e e r x c is e s t h rou gh o u t thi s Se ct i o n ar e i n tend ed t o affo d pr act i c e i n t h e u se o f ti ed

r

t s
no e , in t h e o r m f o f sy n c o p a ti o n s an d s u sp e n si o n s Befo r e at t e m pti n g t h em t h e r em ar ks o n
.
,

p ages 13 3 -
1 3 7 sh o u l d be c a e f u lly e ad by t h e st u d en t
r r .

( a ) Ad d a me l o d i o u s Treble part in qu v er s t o t h e fo ll o wi n g p ass age s ; t h e

a ad d e d par t
sh o ul d be c hi fly i
e n sy nc o pated fo rm bu t o cca si o n al p assi n g n o t e s s h o ul d be u s ed
,
-
.
*

Do no t t ie p ssi
a ng no es
-
t .
50 ME L OD Y AND HAR MO NY .

( b) Ad d a simil ar fl o ri d p ar t i n t h e A lt o t o t h e fo l lo wi ng

( c ) Ad d a si m il ar p ar t i n t h e Bass t o t h e f o ll o wi ng

i
( C m n or .

( S ee Su ppl em en t p
, a ge x11. )

6 . x t s te p in th ee p ar t m e l o d ic w riti ng will
Th e ne r -
be t h e ad d iti o n of tw o i n d ep end en t
par ts t o a g i v e n s u b j e c t o n e ( o b o t h ) o f th e s e b e i n g o f
, r a fl o i d c h aracte
r r . Tw o i m p or ta n t
po m t s Wl ll th e n d e s e v e c ar e fu l n o ti c e
.

( i ) As p a ts a e s o u n d e d t o ge th e i t is p o ssi b l e in m o st c as e s fo r c o m pl e t e
th ree r r r,

h a m o n i e s t o be w itt e n ( th t is in t h e c as e o f t ri a d s a n d t h e i r i n v e si o n s ) ; t hi s is
r r a , r
d e si a bl e bu t as t h e g e a t ai m i n this type o f e x e r cis e is t o p o d u c e a o o d fl o wi n me lo d i n
r r
, g g r y ,

e a c h p a t it s o m e tim e s h app e n s t h a t o n e o f t h e n o t e s o f a ch o r d m u st be
r , m itt e d an d o n e o f o
52 ME L OD Y AND H A R M ON Y .

I . Ch or a l i n mi n i ms ; a b a ss h lf p ls e
in a -
u no e t s c ro t ch t s ) ; ae n al o t
m ai nly i n no te s of t he s am e v al ue as th o s e in t he gi v s bj c t
en u e .

No t es on the p t i s w itt chi fly i mi im s

f or eg o i n g E x er ci s e ( 1 ) A lth o u g h th e Al t o ar r en e n n
b s v d th t it cc si lly p c d s i h lf p l s t s lik t h b ss P vi d d th t thi s i s t
.
,

b e o er e a o a o na ro ee n a -
u e no e e e a ro e a no
i s ch t p d c th p vi d d th t s t p wi s
, .

d on e w y n u fi t f
a
pi d ly h
a as gi g h m
o y (iro u e e e ec o ra c an n ar on s ro e a e e
o -

t p d m i t s ) t h fl t f t h t w m i g p t s i s f q t l y f xt m ly g d fl t
,

m v m
'

o e en re o na e e e ec o e o ov n ar re uen o e re e oo e ec
I t i s bvi s th t if p ss i g t s cc i t w p t s s im l t sly th y w ill m v q it t lly i
, .

o ou a a n -
no e o ur n o ar u an e o u e o e u e n a ur a n
p ll l 3 d 6 th s
, ,

ar a e r s or

m x. . Mess iah .

(S ee a ls b s 2o ar ,
4 an d 1 2 in t h e a b v x ci s
o e e er e .
)

In o r d er to p s v
re e r q i s it d gre f i d p d c f m v m t h we v it i s ft
e t he re u e e e o n e en en e o o e en o e r, o en
c ss y f c t in m t f c t y m ti t b s d i t h t w m in g p art s ( t h l tt
,

ne e ar or a er a a o un o o n rar o on o e u e n e o ov se e e a er
h lf f b s 1 0
a o ar and I y c s th s t
n an w q ic k m vi n g
a e, p rt s s h l d —i thi s t yp
e e f x ci o u er -
o a ou n e o e er se
— lw y s f m
a a or d w t i t v ls b tw
c o n c or n th m
n er a e een e .

( Su bj ec t )

(Su bj ec t )

( 2) At (a ) i n b ar 1 an a cc t en e d p ssi
a n g
-
no e t is us e d e ffe cti v l y in t h b ss p art which h
e e a -
e re mo v es
st p
,

by e in c t
o n r ary mo ti on t o t he t bl
re e .

(8 ) T h e fi r s t ch o rd in bar 1 3 p vi d s
ro e an in st c an e of t he u se of t he Ad d e d 6 t h at a c ad e n c e .
 ME L OD Y AND HAR MONY .
53

X E R C I SE S E .

Tak e t h e fo ll o w i n g Su bj e ct s fro m C h apt e r s II III , , an d IV , an d w ork in 3 p ar t s , as

i n t h e fo re go i n g e x a m pl e

Ch apt e r II ( A ) E x er c is e s 1 2 an d ,

(B) 1 an d 6 (no t as a Can o n ) .

(D ) 1, 2 an d 3 .

(E) 1 an d 2 .

C h pt III ( A )
a er E x er c is e 1 (l o w e r p art) .

( E) 3 ( t aki ng t h e J as t he pu ls e) .

C h ap t IV
er ( A) Ex e c ise s 1
r , 2 an d 4 .

( B) E x e r c is e 1 , ( S ee Su ppl em en t p
,
age xi ii ) .

v v
G i e th ree er si o n s o f e a
'

e x er is e , ch c
y r ea i ng t h e Su e (i n t urn ) as a Ba ss a Tr e l e b t t bj ct , b ,

a n d a m i d d l e p a r t ( Alt o o r T e n or) Tr an sp o s e it i n e e r y as e t o s u it t h e o m p ass o f t h e par

. v c c
t icu lar o i e v c q c vi
T h e u i k er m o n g p ar s o u l d be a d i ff e r e n t o n e i n ea
.
-
i n st an e t h ch c .

NB C h o ra ls s ch th s giv
”
u as o e en on pgs a e 57 a nd 5 8 o f t h e A u th s 3 50 E
or
’
x er ci ses i n Ha r mo n y,
i t l y s it bl thi s ty p s t dy
. .

Co u n t erp o i n t , an d M o d u la t i o n , a re e m n e n u a e fo r e of u .

II . S u bj ec t ( c hi efl y i n c ro t c he t s ) , p la c ed i n t u rn i n Tr e ble, A lt o , a nd Ba ss . Tw o fl o rid p art s

ad d e d i n e a ch c s
a e, m a n i ly i n c ro t c h ts e and u a er q v s .

( Su bj e ct i n T r e b l e .
)

( S u bj e ct in A lt o .
)

( Su bj ct inB ss )
e a .
64 M E L OD Y A ND H AR M NY O .

No t es : ( 1 ) I t w il l b s e th t t h g
e en a e re a tj ct i thi s f rm f x ci se i s t o b k p t h m l d ic
ob e n o o e er re a u e e o

li p ss t h
n e , an d to a e c hi f i t s t f m
e n e re ro o ne p tt ar th f m m m t t m m t Th s it c m s
o a no er ro o en o o en u o e

b t th t w h f th s m v s p i dly t h th ( th s) w i ll s ll y x hibit l ss
.

a ou a en one o e e o e mo re ra ,
e o er or o er u ua e e

a ctivity , and vi c e v er s d .

p i t f im it ti c f l ly i t d c d ft c t s i t s t d i m p t s z s t t t h m i
(2) A o n o a on ar e u n ro u e o en re a e n e re an ar e o e us c

(s eep tic l ar l y t h s c d
u ar f t h f g i g x
e m ple s sp
onci ll yo b s 1 —2 d 4
e o re o n e a e , e e a ar an

( )
3 T h f ti d
e t s
u se d S sp s i
o s s h el d b p ci
no e l ly tic d ;
an i m s ic f
u v ic s f en on ou e S e a no e n u or o e or or

s s t i i g i s t m t s th i m p l ym t i s ft f t h hig h s t v l
u a n n n ru en e r e d t ds to d c y en o en o e e a u e , an en o re u e an

p ss ibl f l i g f i gi d ity s q
o e ee n ss o r or u ar e n e .

(4 ) Th i m p t c e f th f cc a si l t i t h v i s p t s m s t v b v l k d
o r an e o e u se o o o na r es s n e ar o u ar u ne er e o er o o e .

Th y li g ht
e th ff ct d m t i ll y h lp t h
en e e e li ti f t h p h si g f t h m s ic
, an a er a e e rea z a on o e ra n o e u .

I thi s c n x i it s h l d b m m b d th t p h s s m s ic l fi g s f q t l y b g i m
onne o n, ou e re e ere a ra e or u a ur e re ue n e n o re

e fl t i ly
’

ec ve cc t d t ft
o n an u n a s h t s t ( f g i g x m pl s sp ci lly t h p i g b s
en e n o e, a er a or re se e o re o n e a e , e e a e o en n ar

o f N 2 osd O th
an th h d p h s n fig s lly c cl d s b st p
e o er an cc t wh
a ra e o r u re u ua on u e e u o n an a en ,
en

ft b i m m d i t l y f ll w d by s t ( S sp ci l l y N 1 b 4 f Alt N 2 b 4 f
,

it
.

c an o en e e a e o o e a re ee e e a o .
, ar o o o .
, ar o

B ss ; N 8 b 4 f T bl )
.

a o .
, ar o re e .

X ERCI SE S E .

D T ak e t h e Subj e c ts n am e d o n p age 53 an d w o k t h e m acc o r d i n g ,

r

ad d it i o n t o th e s e t h e f o ll o wi n g will be f o u n d s u it a bl e
,

Ch apt e II ( B) E x e c is e 2 ( t eat th is as a Bass p ar t o n ly )

r r r -
.

IV (C) E x e c is e s 1 an d 2 (t h e l att e r a s a Bass part o n ly )

r -
.

V ( F) E x e rc is e s 1 an d 2 .

( G) E x er c is e 1 .

III . Flor i d S u bj ec t ; t w o o t her

fl ori d p ar t s a d d ed .

Examp le 1 .

( Su bj e ct i n Ba ss ).
 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M O NY . 55

No t e s .
(1 ) Im it a ti o n al e fl e c t s ( x i w itht h x m pl s i (II)
'

s ch
u as ha v b e een m en ti on ed in c o nn e on e e a e n
ar eh s d x t s iv l y i d t i m p t d g f ity t t h wh l p i c It w ill b b s v d
e re u e e en e , n or er o ar a e re e o un o e o e . e
r
e . e o er e

th t t h fi g
a f f e t s cc i g fi s t i t h Al t f b s 1 d 2 E
u re o o ur n o e , i s i m it t d
o u rr n r n e o o ar an a e

by t h T bl i b s 2 d 3 d th t t h fi g it s l f c s s v l ti m s i t h c s f t h
e re e n ar an ,
an a e u re e re ur e era e n e o ur e o e
ex ci s ith i it s igi l f m ( i t h T bl f b s 7 —9 d ls w h ) by I v s
er e, e er n or na or as n e re e o ar an e e e re , or
“
n er e
m v m
o t ( i t h Al t f b s 4 d 5 t h B ss f b s 9 d 10 t h T bl f b s 10 1 2
e en as n e o o ar an , e a o ar an , e re e o ar -
,

Th s q e ti l e f th fig
u en i t h T bl
a it w i ll b tic d h lps t h m s ic t
u se o e ch t h c li m x
ur e n e re e, e no e e e u o re a e a
,

at th f t i b e 9 w ith i c
or e s d im ti n d ar st n rea e an a o n an z e .

( 2) A cc t d p ssi g t s
en e a n -
no e ar e c d i b s
e fi e c t iv e ly i t n ro d u e n ar 7 , 1 0, 1 1 , 1 3 an d 16 in e v yc s er a e

th y e ena bl t h m fl i d p t t
e e o re or ar o m v mo s m thly l g t h
e o re oo a on e s c l li
a e -
ne .
”
In c o nn e xi with on

the u se o f d i ss c s b tw t w
o n an e e ee n o m vi g p t s it i s w ll t
o n m ar , e o re em b er

(a ) h t if b th p t s pp
T a o ar a ro a ch an d q it t h
u e d i ss o n an c e by s t ep , in c t y m ti
o n r ar o on to o n e an o th e r,

t he e ff ct i s o fte n q i t g d
e u e oo , e .
g .

T hi s p c ro e e di n g , hwvo e er, nee d sc are , o r it m ay e a sily p ro d u c p i f l s lt s s ch

e a n u re u , u as th e f ll wing
o o

( b) Th a t sl w p t m vi g i p ggi
a o er ar o n n ar e o m ay b e a o m a n e d cc p i by a d i ss o n an e c in q ick p t
a u er ar

pr vi d th t t h d i ss t t i s pp by s t p ( p f
,

o ed a e o n an no e a ro a ch
e d an d u ed q itt e r e era bly i c t y n o n r ar
m o io n), t e.
g .

( Crude)

N B — G ro w i n g l p c p ti
a rau d t st m st b t h g id
er e o n an a e u e e u e i n all c s s ; t h s t d t sh l d
a e e u en ou u se
l y p th b i g v yc s b v di cti s s h uld h
. .

h is e ar s , a n d n o t re u on l t fit e re e n a ru e o e er a e Th e a o e re on o ow
b s i s f hi s xp i m t s i thi s d i cti
.
,

e v e r, f o rm t he a o e er en n re on .
56 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ON Y .

p
E x a m le 2 . Fo r S rin g Tr t i o : Su bj ct i Vi l p rt
e n o a a .

A nd a nt e .

Vi lio n .

07 68 .

b v x m pl
No t e Th ed s l itt l c m m
a o e e a e n ee e o en t i it ti b t w
Th e u se o f r e e m a o n f e een t he p ts
ar

w ill h d l y s c p b s v ti i b s 1 Vi l
. .

ar e a e o er a on n ar a n d 2 ; 6 an d 7 ; 8 an d Vi l
Th e o i n an d o a

c ss
ro th i b s 5 d 6 ; cc s i l c
o ne an o er n ar an o a ona ro ss i
n g o f t he p ts
ar sk b tt
fo r t h e a e o f a e e r m e o dl ic
m v m t i s ft f t h b s t p ss ibl fi t T h
o e en o en o e e o e e
’

ec e q s ti
ue o n o f t he b w
o st i
in g o f st
r n ge d i n
-
ts
ru m e n

d ls f d bl t s ( i t h fi l b ) w il l b i s c ss pp x
.
,

an a o o ou e no e
-
as n e na ar f
e ound d u ed in A e n di E.

E x amp le 3 . A ls o t
fo r S rin g Tr i o Su bj ct i n Vi li p t
e o n ar .

A llegr o scher z a n d o .

Vi lio n .

’
Ce ll o .
 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY . 57

No t e thi s x ci s c ss i g f t h p t s i s s till m
In f ly m pl y d Tw m l d ic fi l re s

f m t h s t pl f t h w h l x m pl viz ( i ) t h d s c d ing s c l fi s t nn n c d by t h V g iz m
. e er e ro n o e ar o re re e e o e . o e o
.

or e a o e o e e a e, e e en a e r a ou e e ia

m
e .

b 1
ar d ( ) th t h
, an d fi s t i t h Vi l i b s 4
u a d 5
e ar r which
n pp s fr m
e o a n ar an re a
-
ear o

tim t tim ith i it s ig i l f m by in v s m v m t ( S App dix E f t h m i g

e o e, e er n or na or , or er e o e en
”
ee en or e e an n

p izz
.

d
"
o f . an

X E RCI SE S E .

E . 1 . Add t w o i n d ep en d e n t v o c al p ar t s (Tre b l e and Al to or Te n o r ) a b o v e t he f o ll o wi ng

2 .Ad d ar p ts c
fo r Se o n d o n Vi li an d Vi o l a b e l o w t h e fo ll o wi ng Tak e e sp e c i al c a e t o m ak e . r

t he add e d ar p ts th is
in an d t h e u s cc e e d i ng e x e c is e s m e l o d i c ally i n t ere sti ng Use re s t s fr ee ly
r .

(wh e re e f e f c ti v
e ) , m ar k
t he o n g, b wi a nd i n s er t e xp e ssi o n m ar ks r -
.

A lleg r et t o .

Vi li
o n I.

3 . Add p arts fo r Vi o li n an d Vi o l o n c e ll o t o th is Vi o l a p ar t
M oder a t e .
58 ME L OD Y A ND H A R M ON Y .

4 . Ad d p ar t s for V io li n an d Vi o l a ab o v e t h e fo ll o wi ng
A nd a n t e .

Viol c ll
on e o .

5 . Th e Su b j e ct s na med bel o w ar e lso s u i t ab l e

a fo r F o r dl i t rea tm e n t i n t he fo re
go i n g
m an ner
C h pt e II
a r ( A ) E x er c is e 7 (Su b j e ct i n S o p r ano
.

( B) 4 ( S fo r Vi o l a )
. . .

x er cis e s 4 5 an d 6
(D) E , .

( E ) E x e c is e 6 ( S fo V i o l a )
r . . r .

III (E ) E x erc is e s 1 an d 2 .

(F) E x er c is e 1 ( S fo r Vi o li n ) . . .

IV ( D ) E x er c is e s 1 an d 2 .

(E ) 1 t o 6 i n c l u si v e .

V (G) E x e c is e 2 r .

( H) 1 .

NB —Fu r th er t
m a e ri a l wi l
l be fo un d in t he A u th s 3 50 E er ci s i H r m on y C
or
’
x es n a o u n t erp o i n t ,
p s ls ppl m t t t h e p s nt v l m p g xiv
. .
,

an d Mo d u la tao n ( a
ge 5 5 —5 7 , S e c B). a o in t h e S u e en o re e o u e, a e .
60 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .

2 . Tw o x er c is e m ay p o fit ably be u n d er t ak en by t h e stu d en t at th is s t age o f h is

t yp s e of e r

wo k r . r Th e fi st
o f th e s e c o n sists o f t h e a d d i t i o n o f t h re e fl o i d p a rt s t o a s u b j e ct m o v i n g r

m o stly p ls e n o t e s in u a c h o al o r h y m n t u n e ) t h e s ec o n d i n t h e w r iti n g o f t h ree fl o ri d

-
r -

p a ts a ai n st a fl or i d s bj ec t
r g u .

Th e fo ll o wi n g are e x am pl e s o f each
I C ho a l c h i efl y i n c r o t c he ts : th re e fl o r i d p ar t s ad d e d m ai n ly i n p u ls e n o t e s an d
. r ,
-

h alf p u ls e n o t e s
- -

E ist d H il
.

B H k mm h AO s as e u ns o en er.
l i t bl )
.

( Ch o ra n re e .

t t
Th e r e a m e n
‘
t
‘
Ba t by ch
o f t h e o r e g o n g C o ral d e e r e f i
are ul an a be o e r e d h s v sc f ly s i s w i ll bs v
h lf p l s q v s is h t thi s
.

th t
a v
a m o em en t in a u e n o t s e ( ua er ) m ai n ain e d -
ro u g ou , m o em e n -
ei n g t th v t b
'

i s t ib t
e fl e c ti v e ly d r u e d am o n g t h e e e ra ar I n b ar 6 s v l p ts
be e e n a o n at Ba h as w il l s p i t w hich ch
si t sl h lf p l s ts it s h l
.

m ad e th v
e m a ll m o e m ul an e o u y in a u e no e ; bu t o u d be n o e d a t he u se o f m ore -
t th t
th an t w o q ic u k e r m o v n g ar in w ay a s a ru e a u e a
-
i p t s thi s
e r ai n ea ne an d a en e o f o e r l c s s c t h vi ss s s v
l b ti w hich
e a o ra o n t he u d en mu b e ar e u t o a o d st t st c f l
T h e e ff e u ua ro d u e d h a of t o o v i c t s lly p c is t t
p i l y ch i
.

ra d an g n g h a r m on y, e g
-
. .

thi s with b s 5 d 6 b v
N B — Co m
. .
p ar e ar an a o e .

I w ki g x ci s s f thi s ki d t h
n C h o l s h l d b pl c
or n e er e o '
n e ra ou e a ed i n e ac h of the v o ic e s in tu r n,
d fl i d p t s dd d Th f ll w i g x m p l s h w s t h p i g i st d
,

h l il
.

an or ar a e e o o n e a e e e o en n o f t he C o ra Es as He
t sp s d 5 t h l w f t h A l t v ic
.

ra n o e a o er or e o o e
 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .
61

E X E RC I SE S .

Ta ke
t he C or a gh e n o ls iv
n a ge 5 7 p s
an d 58 o f t h e Au or 3 5 0 E th s
x er c is es i n Harm on y,
’

Cou n t er p o i n t an d Mo d u la t i on o r i n Fre d e r . Co r d e r
’
ick s
E xer c i ses i n Mus i c a l C omp o s i t i on
( Fsyt
o r h a n d o r w k th
em a o rd n g t o t h ecc i
o r e go n g d r e on f
Th e i u i cti s
e g en o n . s b j c ts iv
p ix
ag e o f t h e Su em en ppl
(fo r C a te r ) h pt VII
ar e a o u a ls s it bl
e , as ar e an y o f t h e C o r a or h ls
y t s
H m n u n e i n t h e r es e n o u m e
-
p tv l .

II . F lo r i d S u bj ec t ? t hr ee o t he r fl or i d p a r ts ad d e d .

E x a mp le I .

( Su bj e ct in

Te nan t .

A ur o .

TE NO R .

hi s i s
T t he s am e s bj ct
u e as th t w
a o rked in 3 p tsar on p a ge 54 . Co m p ar e the i
d ffe r e n c s
e in
t re a tm t en .
62 M EL OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y .

E x amp le I I .

( Su bj e ct in Vi l p t )
o a ar .

Vi l i
o n I .

Vi l io n II .

Vi l o a .

’
Ce ll o .

07 8 8 .

N B —I n ad d iti t o t he
on f q t
re uen u se o f f i m it ti in t h b v x m pl tt ti sh l d b
re e a on e a o e e a e, a en on ou e
p id c ss p ts i s v l p l c s f t h p p s f ( i ) b tt m l d ic li
. .

a t o t h e ro i ng o f t h e ar n e e ra a e or e ur o (ii )
e o a e er e o ne , o r
t he em pl
o ym e n t s of o m e e sp ci l gi s t
a re er
”
of o ne of t h i st m
e ts c c d
n ru en on e rn e .

E x amp le I I I .

p t l y i Vi li
ar n o n I an d p t l y i Vi l
ar n o a )
l ish t
. .

E ng u ne .

Vi l io n I .

Vi l i
o n II .

’
Ce ll o .

Co m p a re thi s x m pl w ith th t
e a e a on p ag e 56 , wh ere t he s am e s bj ect i s s
u u ed fo r S ti
r ng Tr i o.
 ME L OD Y AND H AR M O N Y 63

p oc o ri t .

p o co ri t .

No t e s on E x a mp le I I I .

( ) a Wh e n
m e od a l y b gi s w ith A c s i s it i s ft d vi s bl
e n an n a ru ,
*
o en a a e no t h m i it d v
to ar on z e an e en
fi s t m t ic l ly cc t d t b t t b i g i t h th p t s t t h f ll wi g
,

no t t o h
arm o n z e t h e r i e r a -
a en e n o e, u o r n n e o er ar a e o o n
w e a ke r bea t E e a sp ci l ly i s thi s ff ctiv w h t h p i g fi g f e e e en e o en n u re o a m l dy b i m it t d (
e o i c an e a e as n
x pl
.

f
t h e o r e go n g e a m e ) i .

i iti l fi g m y ls
( b) A n n a ure a a o f q tly b t t d
re uen m s by w hich
e re a e
g ic c xi as a e an an o r an o nn e on
m y b m i t i d b tw
a e th
a n a ne e e en e v i s s cti s f w h l p i c
ar o u e d th s p d c
on o c t i f li g
a o e e e , an u ro u e a er a n ee n

of ity T h d g
un . f im p t e e re e o o r an e c giv t t h l ittl hyth m ic fi g J ? P cc i g fi s t i t h
en o e e r u re o u rr n r n e

op i g b s w i ll h d l y s c p
en n ar , ar e a e o b s v ti er a on .
.

( ) Th j di ci s m pl ym
0 e u ou e o en t f s t s sp ci ll y b f t h i t d cti
o re e e f s ch a h yth m ic e o re e n ro u on o u a r
lw ys giv s p i t d p v t s thic k ss i t h h m y ( S I t l m s t g s w ith
,

fig u re , a a e o n an re en ne n t
e ar on s ee ec a o oe ou
s yi g th t s t s s h ld t b i t d c d s i m pl y b c s t h w it c nn t thi k f y t
, .

a n a re ou no e n ro u e e au e e r er a o n o an no e or
t s t p t i th i pl c
no e o u n e r a e

X ERCI SE S E .

W k t h e e x e cis e s giv e n o n p age s 57 an d 5 8 i n f o u r p ar t s i n st e a d o f t h re e B e c ar e f u l t o

( )
a o r r , .

a v o i d t h i c kn ss o f h a m o n y by t h e j u d ici o u s u se o f e s t s
e r ,
r .

b T h S u bj e c ts n am e d i n Se c 5 o n p ag e 5 8 a e a l s o s u it a bl e fo F l o rid t at m e n t i n f o u
( ) e . r r re r

p a t s an d f u th e m at e i al will be fo u n d i n t h e A th o r s 3 5 0 E x e c i s s i n H r mo ny Cou n t r
r r r r u
’
r e a , e

a n d a ls o i n Unfi g u r ed H ar m on y by P C Bu c k ( Cl a e n d o n
,

o i n t a n d Mo d u la t i on ( p ag e s 5 6 r
p ,
. .
, ,
,

Pr e ss O xfo d ) r .

v t h S pp l m t t t h p s t v l m p g xiv )
,

(S m e e, o re o e r, e u e en o e re en o u e, a e .

Fi n al No t e — Th e s bj ct f M l d ic wi ti g i m th f
u e o e o r n n o re an o ur p ts c
ar an n o t fo r r ea o n o f s s
a e, sp c
b c si p s t v l m Th st d t i s f d t th s
,

e o n d e r e d i n t he re en o u e e u en r e e rr e o t h e Au or
’
c c
Pr a t i a l C o u n terp o i n t ,
sp ci ll ch p t s t p i t
.

e e a y t o t he a F C er on re e ou n er o n .
”

S G l ss ee o ar y .
 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M ON YL
’

64
.
.

PA R T II .

H A E M ONI O PR OGR ES S ION .

C HAPTE R IX .

1 . To fo m t h e si m pl e s t comp let e ch o r d
r ,
t he c mb i ti
o na on of t h r ee d i ffe ren t so u n d s is n e e d e d ,

vi z . a b ssa -
no e t (o r ro o t ) its
, 3 rd an d its 5t h .
,
e .
g. Su ch ch a ord is t erm e d a

T r i ad ( Gr . r
pui s t he nu mb e r

2 . T h
fo u r ki n d s o f Tri ad s viz
e r e ar e ,
.

(i) Th e Maj o t r i ad (o r Maj o r Co m mo n ch o d ) c o n t ai n i n g

r r , a ma j or 3 rd an d

p e fe c t 5t h ab o v e its r o o t
r ,
e .
g .

(n ) Th e Mi n o r tri a d (o r Mi n o r C o m m o n ch ord ) ,
co t i i n a n ng a m i n o r 3 rd an d
p e fe c t 5 t h
r , e .
g .

( iii ) Th e Dimi n is h e d t ri ad c o n tai ni ng a mi no r 3 rd

, an d d imi n ish ed 5t h , e .
g .

( i v) The Au gm en t ed t i ad c o t i i ng m j
r , n a n a a or 3rd an d au g m en t ed 5t h, e .
g
.

3 . Maj o r an d Mi n or tr i d s a (o r c o mm on ch o rd s t m
er ed Conc o r d an t t ri ad s ,
an d Di m i n
an d Au gm en t e d tri ad s D i ssonan t (o r

A c c d t c m bi ti i s
on or an o na on on e w hich i s s ti s f ct y i it s lf d w hich p ss ss s c t i
a a or n e an o e e a er a n
p s w h s by d i dis c d t ) c m bi ti i s t b d st d
,
d e g re e f
o re o e e re a a ss o n a nt ( or or an whi ch o na on o e un er oo one
cl e ar l y d m d s p g ss i t s
e an a ro re on o om e o th ch d i d t c m pl t it s ff c t g
er or ,
n or er o o e e e e e . .

Co m p ar e t he f o rm a ti on of thi s w o rd w ith th s o er d er iv ed fro m t he s am e s our c e, e g

— T ri p o d
l
. .
,

T rid e n t , T r i an g e , et c .

Th e t m D i s c d i s ppli d i
er or a e n two w ys (i ) t t h wh l c m bi ti
a : o e o e o na on, (u) t o t he sp ci e al n o e t in
bi ti w hi ch d s t m v p tic l w y ( g t h G 3 i E
the;
m }
c
x.
o
m
(
na on nee o o e in a ar u ar a
,
e . . e n x .
(a ) , an d t h e F in ch o rd 2
 ME L OD Y A ND H A R M ONY 65

E X E R C I SE .

l ay and w ri te Tr i ad s o f e v e ry ki nd u po n v ar i o u s b ass n o te s c ar e fully

P -

,
no ti ng t h e d ifle re n c es
in m e n t al e fl ec t b e tw ee n th e m .

4. I t is p o ssi b l e to fo rm a t i ad u po n e v e y
r r d e gr ee of t he m aj o r o r m i no r s c al e
Maj Min Mi n Maj Maj Mi ll Di m
. . . . . . . Mm D im
. . A ug . Min . Maj Maj Dim
. . .

A t rep se n t h o w e v e w e sh all c o n fi ne o u r a tt e n ti o n t o t h e pr i n c ipal (o r

,
r, Pr ima ry) tr i ad s of t he
ke y, viz th o s e u po n t h e To n ic Su bd o m i n an t and D o m i n an t
.
, , .

T h s
e e ar e pi t
r n e d in o p en n o e t si n t he a b v x
o e e am pl s e .

5 .It will be se en th at th e se th ee t ri ad s i n t h e m aj o r ke y ar e all M j or t ri ad s th e e fl ec t

r ,
“

,
a ,

o f e ach b e i n g h o w e v e wh lly d i ff e en t fro m th at o f t h e o t h e s o wi ng t o its sp e c i al po siti o n

, r, o r r ,

i n t h e ke y I n t h e m i n o ke y t h e t i ad s u po n t he To n i c an d S u b d o m i n an t ar e m i n or t h e e ffe ct
. r ,
r ,

o f e ac h b e i n
g si m il a ly qu it e d isti n ct The D o m i n an t t i a d i n bo t h f o m s of key i s a Maj or t r i ad
r . r r .

6. Th e u d en st t sh o l d n o w e nd av o u t o fam ili ariz e his e a with t h e so u nd o f t he Su b

u e r r

i
d o m n an an d t
om D i n n t t i ad s i n re l ati o n t o t h a t u p o n t h e To n i c Th e t w o Ca d e n c e s w hi ch
a r .

p c
r o d u e t h e m re i p ssi o n o f c o n c l u sio n o e po s e ill u st ra t e t h is r e l ati o n ship v e y c l e a ly
r r r r

( Perfect Cad ence ) (P ag a Caden ce ) . l l .

( Per f ct C d c
e a en e .
)

(b) (A m i nor .
)

IV 1

The e xp e ctan t i n co n cl u ive so u nd o f t h e D o m i n an t t i ad } a s c o n t ast e d with t h e r e stfu l n e ss o f

,
s r r

t h a t o n t h e T o n ic — he i gh t en d by t h e re l ative r hyth m i c st e ng th o f t h e t w o c h o d s— will h a d ly

e r r r

e s c ap e o b s e v a ti o n rT h e Su b d o m i n an t t i ad whil e l e s s e xpe ct an t th an th a t o f t h e D o m i n an t
. r , ,

c t ai n s s ffic i e n t o f t h e q ality o f mov men t f it t be i m po s s ibl e as t h e fi n al c h o d i n a ny

on u u e or o r

i m po rt an t se c ti o n o f a c o m p o siti o n an d s h a e s wit h t h e D o m i n an t t h e d e si re u lti m a t e ly t o

,
r

r e a c h t h e To n i c e g , . .

Y b ks d b e an an rass.

L ar ge ly d ue t o the p s c
r e en e of t he a ctiv e L e ad in g note in t h e ch o r d.
66 MEL OD Y A ND H AR M O N Y .

7 . Th e o rego f i ng e x ampl e s will h ave sh e w n t h a t t he t s o f a t i ad m ay be arran ge d i n no e

‘

s e v e al r d ifi ere n t
'

w ays— in o t h er w o r d s t h at it is n o t d e si ra bl e (o r p o ssibl e) fo r th em alw ays t o be

,

Th e fo ll o wi ng a e a fe w r of f ms i w h i ch t h
t he or n e To ni c t i ad i n t h e key o f C m aj o r
r ,
in d i re c t
(o r ro o t po siti o n ,
wit h i t s o t i t h b ssr o n e a o r l o w e st p a r t ) m ay a pp e a ,
r

( In th re e p t s)
ar
( In f our p ts )
ar .

(E xt en d e d f o rm s , f o r t h e P an o i f tor e .
)

( See A pp en d ix B) .

8 . In s m oo th e st an d m o s t m u sic al p o g e ssi on fro m ch o rd t o ch o r d

o rd e r to se c u r e t he r r ,

it is n ec ess a y t h at t h e p a ts o f w h i c h th e y c o n sist s ho u l d m o v e as e a sily and n atu r ally a s

r r

po ssibl e T he f o ll o wi n g e x am pl e s i n d i c a t e t h e si m pl e st c o nn e xi o n s b e t w ee n ( a ) T o n ic an d
.

D o m i nan t (b) To n i c and Su b d o m i n an t h arm o n i e s

,
-

, .
*

ch d s
N B — The or ar e h g d i f
e r e arr a n p t s f t h p i f t i w h t i s s lly k w
e n o ur ar or e an o o r e , n a u ua no n as

Cl s p s iti s d c v i c t h th pp p t s
. .

F g iv th i ght h d the
"
o e o on o r e a e an on en en t e, e re e u er ar ar e en o e r an
b ss ly t t h l ft ch x m pl s h l d b pl y d m y ti m s d t sp s d i t th k y
.
,

a on o e e . Ea e a e ou e a e an e , an ra n o e n o o er e ai

( a ) To n ic a nd D o m i n a n t t i ds
r a .

( C ma j or .
) ( 0 m i no r ) .

V I

J I

(b ) To n ic an d b
Su d o m i n an t t i ds r a .

(C ma j or .
) (C m in o r . )

I IV I I IV I

Noth s p g ss i s th t p a t s v t h b ss m v s by m th t h s t p f 2 d
tic e, in e e ro re on , a no r a e e a o e o re an e e o a u .

I t i s f t h fi s t i m p t c th t thi s t
o sp s iti s h l d b c i d t t t h p i f t Th
e r o r an e a ra n o on ou e a rr e ou a e ano o r e e
p ly t ti l t f w i t t t sp s i t i s h ld b s d s l ly s f m m i i g t h ff ct f
.

u re no a o na ac m o r en ran o on ou e u e o e as a e an o e or z n e e e o
any p tic l p g ss i i v i s k y s d th s f i d i g t h c xi n b tw n s d
ar u ar ro re on d n ar o u e an u o a n e o n ne o e ee o un an
sym b l in t h p p il s m in d
,
’ '

o e u .
68 M E L OD Y A ND HA R M O N Y .

C . Harm o n i z e
th e se m e l od y n o t e s (i n m aj o r o r m i no k e ys ) wit h To n ic -
r , , b
Su d o m i n an t ,
and D o m i nan t t r i ad s ; u se v ari o u s ti m e s l e t t i n g t he l ast c h o d fall u p o n a s t , r ro ng a cc t
en 10

ea ch c as e .

(0 3 2 3 ;

N B —W R o m an h e re a s ls w i l l lw ays b s d i t h p s t v l m t i m p ly t h
n u m e ra a e u e n e re en o u e o e

l y t s w i l l b i d ic t d by A bic fi g s p ti g t h v i s d g s
. .

h a r m o n i e s o f a k ey, m e o d -
no e e n a e ra ure re r e se n n e ar o u e r ee

sc l f ll w i g x m pl s s h w t w diff t ts g d s tim
,

o f t he a e, as e re Th e h . o o n e g ma e fe o er e n a rra n e en , as r e ar e, o

E x ( ) in Se c C
. i .

( Key F ) .

Th e b ss p t m
a -
ar ay be pl a
ye d i n 8 ve s, i n t h e m an n e r o ft en f ound in P a n o i f t
or e mu s ic ,
e .g .

( Key D ) .

In s ch
u a c s th h
a e e arm o n y i s c m pl t w ith t t h d b l i
o e e ou e ou ng of t heb ss p t w hich i s a -
ar , m er e ly
st re n gt h en e d by thi s m e an s S ch 8 d t c s tit t c s
. u ves o no on u e a a e of c s c tiv s
on e u e .
”

T HE RE L E A SE O F TH E “
BI NDI NG T O NE -
.

11 .A lth o ugh t h e e t ai n i ng o f a c o m m o n no te o r bi n d i ng t o e i n o n e o f t h e p ar t s o f t h e
r ,
-
n ,

har m o n u y s ally p o d u c e s t h e s m o o th e s t c o nne xi o n b e tw e e n an y t w o s u cc e ssiv e ch o rd s th is

u r ,

pl an is no t a lw ays p o ssibl e w he n th e y a e pl ac e d i n “ c l o s e po siti o n e g r ,

. .

I .
V I IV IV I I lv

i m p ss ibi lity f s i g
N B — T he o o u n bi d i g t
t he “ n is s
n wil l
-
o ne ar e as be s f m th b v p
ee n ro e a o e as

s g s w h t h l t d 2md d g s s c l cc i s cc ss io i yp t i p ss i g b t w
. .
,

a e en e s an e ree o f t he a e o ur n u e n n an ar n a n e een
ic d D m i t h m i s ls v t h 4 t h d 5 th d g s cc i p ss i g b tw
, ,

T on an o n an ar on e a o wh e re er e an e re e so o ur , n a n e e en
T ic on d S bd m i t h m
an i s u o n an ar on e .
 M E L OD Y A ND H AR M ON Y . 69

12 . If , at a Pe r fe c t Cad e n c e, t he melo d y en d s wit h t he 2n d of t he s c al e falli ng t o t h e l et ,

t he 5 t h o f t he To ni c chor d ha s to be o m i t ted , if t h e L e ad i n g n o t e i s t o -

pro c eed c o r re c tly t o t h e Ke y n o -

t e, e .
g .

T h i s will b s e ee n m ore e ar cl ly w h e n
t he ch d or s are arran ge d fo r ou r f voi c e
'

p ar ts ,
*
th u s

13 lt hou gh t h e 5t h o f a ny t i ad m ay th u s be o m itt ed a nd
. A r , t h e ro o t u s ed t h i c r e, t he 3 rd
sh l always be pre s en t o t h er w is e t h e r e su lt i s b a e an d e m pty
ou d ,
r

Th i
NB — s l ru e , i
l k e m an y th s i s somtim s t s id by xp i c d c m p s s f s m
o er e e se a e e er en e o o er or o e
sp ci l ff ct c l t m sp h i s t c c t s f l i g f d im v s tn ss
. .
,

e a e e of o o ur or a B th v
o f e re .
”
ee o en, or n an e, re a e a ee n o a e
i th
n p i g f hi s 9 t h
e o en n o Sym p h y by m itti g t h 3 d f m t h D m i
on ,
t t i d f D m in
o n e r ro e o na n r a o or

Ba ch an d o th w it s s
er r er om e ti m s ll w th
e a o e L e ad i
n g
-
no e t to f ll v
a , e en in a v clo a cad e n c e , th s u

BAC H . C h ri st m as O rat o ri o .

bt i f ll c l c t
i n o rd e r t o o a n t h e u e r i o o f t h e o m e e T o n
'

o rd Th e c pl t
ud e n ic ch s t t i s d vi s d t t a thi s e no o u se
p s t st w it i s s t i p
.

lc c
i e n e at t h e r e e n a ge o f h i s o rk , a s mo m o rt an fo r h im t o g e t t i t t h h bit f l i t i g
n o e a o s en n
c f l ly
ar e u t l l ic t
fo r t h e n a ura m e o d en de n e of o e d e gre e o f t he ci s th s
a e s s c l w hich m ss ti lly
a re o re e en a
so un ds o f m o e m env tor a ctivit y, ( Se e C a I Se c 3 Ln ) h p . . . . .
7 MEL ODY A ND H AR M O N Y .

FURTH E R E XERC I SE S O N T HE CO NNE XI O N o r (a ) T O NI C AND

DO MI NANT (b) T O NIC AND SUBDO MI NA NT, TRI AD S ,
-
.

D . PL AY i n ar o u m a o r
, v i s j mi n o r k e ys an d in fo ur p art s
an d , , t he fo ll o wi ng s ucc es si o n s of
cho d s r , i n a m an n er m ar t o si il th at i n pr e c e d i n g e x e c is e s r

N B — Th e m all Ara bic s fig u re s bv a o e t h e R o m an n u m er a ls i d ic tn a e t he re

gu ired me l o dy n o e s.
-
t
v i s ti m s ch s
. .

Use ar o u e -
em e .

s s s
'

1 2 3 s 4 e 5 e 1

(x) I v 1 I IV I ; I W l I v 1

a s s 5 a 4 a» 1 s 4 5 e s 7 v s 6 4 -
s
( ii) I V I IV I I IV I V I IV I IV I V V I IV I II I

E . H ar m o n iz e th e s e m e l o d y n o t e s at t h e pi an o fo t e ( in m aj o r an d
-
r m i no r k e ys ) wit h . To n ic ,

Su b d o m i n an t an d Do m i n an t t ri ad s U se v ar i o u s ti m e s ch e m e s
.
-
.

(i ) 3 4 5 , 5 4 3 ,
8 6 5 , 7 8 6 ,
2 1

(u ) 3 2 1 2 8 ,
5 4 5 6 5 ,
1 2 3 4 5,

5 4 3 2 1 °
5 6 8 6 5 ; 5 3 4 3 5 2 3 .

l Pe r f . Ca d c en e) “

F . Ad d t w o n n e r ar i
p ts t o t h e f o ll o wi n g p a s ages at t h e Pi ano fo r t e Pl ay t he t h r e e s , .

u pp p ts wit
er ar i ht h an d t h e b a ss o n ly wit h t h e left ( as in pre vi o u s e x r c is e s) Aft e r
h t he r g ,
'

e .

w rd s w it e o u t e ach e x er c is e a s a t e s t o f m e m o ry pl ac i n g t he t h r ee u pp er p ar ts o n t h e
a r , ,

Tr bl e s t a fi
'

e .

" Be c a re u f l as t o t he p ro g re ss i on of t h e L ead i ng no e .
-
t 3, N U
 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y .
71

G . Ad d h m n i s at
ar o e the pl ace s i n d i c at ed . Arrange t h e ch o rd s as in p rev i o u s e x e rc ises .

. V* I V I

I IV I V

i i s h w ith m j ch d f t h T ic Wh t h Pl g l c d c ( IV — I ) i s m t w ith —
Fn a a or or o e on en e a a a en e e as

h — t t h c c l s i f p i c i m i k y t h 3 d f t h T ic ch d i s f m
. .

e re a e on u on o a ft t h
e e n a nor e e r o e on or ar o re o en an

i st d f m i T hi s m j s m xpl i d s ft sp k n f t h
,

n t m j
o a/ o r , n 3 d i f
ea o no r . a or r s, or o e une a ne re a o n , o en o e o as e

T i c d Pic d i
er e ( ePic d y 3 d ar e,
”
or ar r

( b) S hif tt he p s itio on of t h e t w o in n e r
'

n o t es
'

oi thi s ch o r d, wh en t he tre b l e mo v s pt
e u o t he E,
su st i i
a n ng t h e a b ss t no e .

H; U si n g ch o d s o f
on ly t he r t h e To n ic , Su b d o m i n a n t an d D o m i n an t (I IV and V ) in ,

ro o t p o siti o n h a m o n iz e t h e p i n ts
-
, r o m ar k ed I l in t h e fo ll o wi n g m e l o d i e s (N B —D o no t . . .

IV an d V in s u c c e s s i o n ) .

A Zl eg r d t o

Rem em b r t h t th D m in t ch ord ( V) in m i k y i m j t i d w h s 3 rd ( t h l d i g t
e a e o an a n or e s a a or r a o e e ea n no e )
s cid t l T hi will t be p i lly i di c t ed i f t
-

t h st d t s f li g f
,

req ui re an ac en a s nox ci s ec a n a n u u re e er se s e u en
'
ee n or
t b hi s g i d t to p v t hi s pl yi g w iti ng m i tr i d i s ch c s s
.

“ ke y u m u s d b fi c i en
e , an
‘

e u e su re en a n or r a no r a n .
u a e .
 72 ME L OD Y AND H AR MO NY .

( a ) Re p t t h ch
ea e o rd t k p t h fi st b t
a en u on e r ea o f t h e bar Th e r ep e t i t i o n o f an 8 ve or 5t h d o e s
s t it t c s c s c tiv s g
.

t c a e of
’
no on u e a on e u e , e . .

G oo d.

ON WRITING H AR M O NY V OI CE S FO R .

14 .In a rrang i ng t h e n o t e s o f a ch o d fo r vo i c es it is i m p o r t an t t o a v o i d u n
r c o mfo t ab l e gaps
,
r

b e t w een t h e u pp er p ar ts As a r u l e t h e d ist an c e o f an 8 ve sh o u ld n o t be e x c e d ed b e tw e e n an y
.
,
e
t w o a d j ac e n t v o i c e s s a e b e tw e e n t h e Bass an d t h e p ar t n e xt ab o ve it
, v

(All p o or ) ( A ll go o d )

3 Tre
. bl e .

15 . If a cho rd is arrange d fo r t h ree p a ts o n ly t h e se v o i c e s will r ,

*
be 2 A o
. lt (o r Te n o r) .

1 Ba
. ss .

4 T re e . bl .

If fo u r a re u s ed t h e fo llo w m g o rd er 1 8 o bs v
e r ed
3 A o lt .

,
0 Te n o r

1 Ba . ss .

In t h e la e r tt c as e it is c u to m ary (w h
, s en r t ng i nwiiha w t is
k n bw n as “
s h o r t s c o re , to
pl c
a e t he T r e . bl e and A lt o o n t h e u pp er o f t w o st v s
a e , a n d t h e T e no r a n d Ba ss o n t he

l owe th u s
r,
 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ONY . 73

PRE PARAT O RY E XE RC I SE S I N V O CAL WRITI NG .

I . T r an s c ri b e fo fo u r v o i c e s ( Tre bl e an d
r lt o
A on t h e u pp er st aff a n d T e n o r
,
an d Bas e on
t he lowe r
) ,
s e veral o f t he pre c e d i n g e x e c ise s
r .

J Ad d t h e A
. lt o an d Te no r p art s t o t h e fo ll o wi ng p ass age s , ma ki n g as smo o th a nd
_

s m g able a o nn e c xi o n b e twe en t h e v a i o u s ch o r d s as p o ssibl e

r
74 MEL OD Y A ND HAR M ONY .

C HA RTE R X .

FURT HE R U SE O F T HE PR I MARY TR I AD S .

1 . lt h o u gh i t is c o m p a a ti ve ly e asy t o o b t ai n a s m o o th an d m u si c al o o n u e x ibn b e tw ee n
A r

( i ) To n i c an d D o m i nan t ( ii ) To n i c an d S u b d o m i n an t h a m o n i e a go d d e al o f c a e i s n ee d e d
,
r s, o r .

wh e n t h e Su bd o mi n an t and D o mi nan t ch o r d s o cc ur i n s u cc e ssi o n T h e s e t w o t ri ad s p o ss e ss n o .

“
c o m m o n n o t e o r “ bin d i ng t o n e and t h e re is alw ays c o n si d e rabl e d an ger o f c r ud e c o n
”
,
-

,
”
s

se c ut ive 5 t h s an d 8 ve s i n p a ssi n g f o m o n e t o t h e o th e r
*
, eg r , . .

( Co n s e c u tiv e 5 th s an d 8ve s .
) (C o n s e c u tiv e 5 th s )
.

b v p ss g s s h l d t b m lyl k d t but pl yed m ayti m s

Th e a o e a a e ou no e ere oo e a a n e so th t t h
a e e ffe ct
c s c tiv s m y b li d ll y x m p l s s h l d l s b pl y
, ,

of t h e on e u The a e rea z e au r a e e a e ou a o e a ed in C m in o r, by
s b s tit ti g A fl t d E fl t f A t l d E t l
.

u u n a an a or n a u ra an n a ur a .

2 . To r e m e d y t h e f au lty p ar t w r iti n g i -

. t i s b st t oe m a e t he k p ar ts ab o v e t he b ssa ( at an y
t
ra e, t h e 5t h an d t h e d o u bl e d r o o t ) move i n c o n t r a ry m o t i o n t o , it th u s

( All good ) .

Th e s am e d i fii c u lt y
’
‘

a ri s e s (as w ill be se en la t er ) w h en e v er t he ro o ts of two s cc ss iv t i d s

u e e r a 110
a 2n d a p t
ar .
76 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .

E X E RCI SE S O N TH E USE O F T HE TH RE E PRIMARY TR I AD S .

A . P l ay the e x am pl e s gi v e n i n Sec 2 . a o b v e i n a ll keys , and m e m o r iz e th em .

B . pl e te t h e fo ll owi ng p ass age s as i nd i c at e d Th e p ar t s n e c e ss ary t o c o m pl e te each

Co m .

e x e r c is e s ho u l d fi st be w r i t t e n
r fo r p ac ti c e i n c o re c t p a t w r iti n g
,
r T h e e x e r c is es s h o u l d
r r -
.

a f t er w ard s be p la yed a n d t h e i eff e ct o n t h e e ar c a e f u lly n o t e d

,
r r .

R em em er b th t bt s th d fl w i g m v m t f t h p rt s it i s w ll t
a , i n o rd e r t o o ai n a m oo an o n o e en o e a e o
f p th b s t c s s l l y i s ( ) to m k wh p ssibl
,

a v o i d la r g e leap s I n o u r ar y ar m o n
-
t he e o ur e u ua a a e u se, ere o e,
b tw s cc ss iv ch d s ; (b) t l t t h m i i g o t s of
.

of t he deai o f t h e
“
nbi i t
d n g o e n
"
e e en -
u e e or ‘
o e e re an n n e
t he r fi s t ch v ts
o r d m o e t o t h e n ea r es t n o e n xt ch d th t m y b p ss ib l
of t he g e or a a e o e, e . .

( Bad )

( Co n sec ut ive 5t h s and 8v es , and a re st fu s and

u n m e i od i o u s te no r p art ) .

N B — Th e
. . bi n di n g -
t o ne s ar e in di c t a ed by a 1 .

(i) Ad d t w o m dd i l e p ar ts (o n pp e st aff ) u r ;

( Wo r k t h is e x er ci s e als o in G mi no r ) .

(11 ) Add t w o m dd i l e p ar ts (o n u pper s t aff ) .

( ii i )
,

Add two mi dd l e p ar ts (on

u ppe r s f t af )

T
s ti i s
hi c
th ht
re o m m en d a o n ppl i
t o be ly st
o ug o f as a y ng t o th e e ar a e
g o f t he ud e n o rk , a n d s ts w st '

v t wk w
as b e m g kh e to lyss p t w iti t
ar d n e of i s L a e r, as h e g a n e e r e n e , be o x p i c it ill p ssibl
p hi s p t s
re e n a ar r n w
g e
-

st f ly s s i st v
.

( an d m o d e s ir ab e ) fo rv ar c
t o m o e m o re r e e fo r t h e a ke o f i n re a e d n t e r e
. E en at th e
st p s t ch p t s l p f p t x ci s s
.

age re re e n e d b
y t h e pre s e n tv a bi
e r he b ho u d e n d e a o u r t o r n g t o e ar u o n h is o u r ar e e r e -

t sp ci ll y
t h e d e a o f m e lo d i mo e m e n , e e a
i c v tsi a s r e ga r ds t h e o u de g e a nd o e ) art s o f hi h s t l w st p
th e h ar m o n v
 MEL OD Y AND HARM ON Y .

(i v ) Ad d an A lt o v o i ce p ar t
-
on u pp e r st ad ,

an d a Te no r on l o w e r st ali :
'

(x ) Th e p t w iti g h
ar -
r n e re n e e d sg tc rea a re ; ( S ee E x (d )
. i n Se c 2 a o
. b v e ) .

( v ) Ad d t wo m dd i l e p ar ts
( b o th fo r t h e r i g ht h an d ) o n

u pp er s t aff .

( vi ) Ad d A o lt an d Te n o r v o i ce

par ts, as i n e a m x pl e (iv) .

5 I n t h e e er
. x c ise s th at no w f ll o w t h e stu d e n t will h ave t o c o n st u ct t h e o u t si d e p a ts
o ,
r r

o f t he h y
ar m o n , a s w e ll a s t h e i nn e o n es He m u t t he re fo re c are f u lly b ar i n m i nd t h e
r . s , ,
e

fo ll o wi ng p o in t s whi ch e fer t o t h e p ro d c ti o n o f a go o d m e l o d y an d a go o d b ass

,
r u

(a ) It is u s u ally n o t ad vi s abl e f o t h e e xt re m e t h e h i g h e st an d l o w e st ) p ar ts o f t h e
r

h arm o ny t o app o ac h an 8 e o r a 5 t h by s i m i la r mo ti o n e g
r v ,
. .

( All bad )

(S mi il ar mo ti on to a 5t h )
l ti
.

( Si mi ar mo on to an 8 ve .

(b) If h o w e ve
,
r, t he hi gh e t p a t mo ves
s r by s t ep t h e
, a b o ve re st ri c ti o n d o es not h old go o d
be tw e e n

( i) To n ic a nd D o m i n an
t c h o rd s, e .
g .
78 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M N Y O .

( n ) To nic n
d Su b d o m i n an t ch o r d s
a ,
e .
g .

E X E R C I SE S Con td .
)
0 . l ay (i n fo u r p ar ts ) t he fo ll o wi ng p ro gre ssi o n s i n v ario u s m aj o an d mi n or k ey s
P r .

Pl ay t h e t h re e u pp e p a ts i n t h e i g h t h an d t he b ass o n ly ( w h i ch m ay be st r e n g t h e n e d i n
r r r ,

o c t av e s ) wit h t h e l e ft Arr an ge t he e x am pl e s i n d i ff e e n t ti m e s
*
. r .

a 7 s s 4 2 l
I IV V I I IV V I

a 4 5 s s 5 e s 4 2
I V IV I V IV I V IV I IV V
II m pe f r . Ca d nc l
e e .

D . Har m o n iz e th e s e m e lo d y no t es (i n m aj o
~
r an d m i no r k e ys) wit h t h e i
Pr m ar y t i ad s
r

3 4

E . Arran ge t h e e x e r c is e s in (C) fo r fo u r vo i ce p a r t s,
-
w riti n g t h e T re bl e an d Alt o on t he
u pp er st f
a f t he Te n o r
. .
an d Ba ss on t he lo we r.

If . H ar m o niz e t he fo ll o w ing me l o d i c s u cc e ssi o n fo r fo ur voi ce p a r t s,

-
i n t h e k e y o f E fl at
m aj o r

N B — \Vr it e
. . thi s ou t in v i o s th
ar u o er ma j k ys or e .

G . Har m o niz e th s e e me l o d i c p h as e s r , u si ng on ly t he th ree Pr i ma y t i d s

r r a as in p e vi o us
r
x e cis e s
,
e r .

l
( A so i n D m nor ) i . 2.
( Als o in E maj or ) .

0 Fo r t h e d es c i p ti
r on o f th e v io s ar u n u m e ra l sig s n , s ee p age 68 .
 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ON Y . 79

NB . .
-
In t h e ne x t th r ee me l di s h
o e , i
arm o n z e o nl y th s o e no e t s with in t h e I . .

A lleg ro vi vace .

(Key

(a ) On ly o ne ch o rd for
th s e e t wo q v s
ua er .

b ( li m . 6 mt .

A n d a n te .

( Ke y G ( Ke y C , to en d . )

H . H ar m o n iz e t he s e b a ss e s , u si ng on ly t h e Pr m ar i y t i ds r a . Ma k e t he h i gh e s t p t ar as
m e lO d iO U S as Po SS i ble (S e e p . v ii fo r m ea n i ng of et c . o ve r t h e b ass o
n ot e s . )

(a ) Sh i ft t he p siti o o n of t he th re e

u pp p t s er ar .

N B — Th e it u n d ert h e D o m n an i t b ss t
a no e ind ic t s th t t h
a e a e 8r d of t he ch o rd (t h e L e adi ng -
no e t
s si il
. .

of t he m i no r k ey) n e e d a m ar a cci d t l
en a .

I E nd e a v
i m pro vise s ho t hyth m i c al hr ase s at t h e Pi an o fo te u si ng t he ch o rd s
to
stu d i e d T he m ai n o bj e ct in d o i n t h is sh o u l d be t o o b t ai n a
. our r r r ,

a n d p o g e ssi o n s th u s fa
t h e e fo re n i c e ti e s o f p ar t w r iti ng n ee dn o t be c o n si d ere d t o o c l o s e ly
r r r .

n e c e ss ar y d e gr e e o f fl u e n cy r -

a t fi rst bu t as s o o n a s t h e st u d e n t ca n t hi n k f air ly eas ily at t h e ke y b o ard s u c h m atte r s s h o u l d -

o f c o ur se r ec e i v e c ar e f u l a t te n ti o n
,

, .
 MEL OD Y AND HARM ONY

C HA PTER XI .

T HE I NV E RSIO NS O F T HE PR I MARY TR I AD S .

1 . TH E stud e n t s e x er c is e s i n t w o pa t m el o di c w riti n g will h a v e s h e w n hi m th at t o

’
-
r ,

p c
ro d u e a r e a lly m u sic al e su lt t h e m o v e m en t o f t h e b a ss is o f p a am o u n t i m p o r t an ce If this
r ,
r .

bas —ar d o e
sp t s no t p o ss e ss t he f ee li g o f p u p e if i t w and e s a i m l e ssly an d u n m e l o d i o u sly
n r os ,
r

fro m n o t e t o no t e e ven t he m o st b e au tif u l an d ar tistic ally c o n c e i v ed t u n e it m ay acc o m p an y

,
-

will be w e ak e ne d and i m po v e ish e d b eyo n d b e li e f A c o m p ar is o n o f t h e t w o su cc ee d i n g

r .

e x am pl e s will a ffo d am pl e p o o f o f this

r r

Bs e r n o v r x — So na t a (O p 1 4 , No
. .
( with b ss w i t
a as r t en by t he Co m ps
o e r) .

A n d an t e .

( Th e s a me — with l t a e red b ss ) a .

A nd an t e .

Af te r t h e ge n eral eff e ct o f ea ch o f t h e a b o v e p assage s h as b ee n c ar e fully t

no ed, t h e bass on ly
sh o u l d be pl ay e d Tw o c o n c l u si o n s w ill f o ll o w
.

(i ) T h at i n ( ) it is m e l o d i ou s sm o o th
a , an d n a u r a t l (o w i ng t o t he h ppy mix t
a u re o f l eaps
an d st e p wis e m o ve m e n t)
-

( ii ) T h a t i n ( b)
it is awkw ard , i ly
u n ga n an d p ur p o s e l e ss (o wi n g t o t he c s t t l ps
on an ea
an d m e an ingl e ss re p e titi o n s ) .

2
. I t will be n o ti c e d th a t all t h e c h o rd s in e x am pl e ( b) a e d i e ct t i ad t i ad s h avi n g r r r s, r

th e i r roo t i n t h e b a s s ) an d t h e efl c t is d e c i d e d ly h a vy I n o r d e t o p o d u c e a fl o wi n g b ass
, e e . r r

p a t it is us u a lly n e c e s sar y for s o m e o f t h e c h o d s t o be i nvert d A c h o rd is s ai d to be

r r e .

in verte d w hen an y o t h e no t e t h an its o o t is pl ac e d in t h e b a s ( o r l o w e st ) p ar t e g

r r s ,
. .

( Tri a d i ctin d re or

t p s iti s p s iti s )
,

ro o ,
”
o on .
) ( Th e am e in i n v t
er e d o on .
 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY . 81 '

3 It i s bvi s th t
o ou b e r o f i n v e r si o n s po ssibl e t o a gi v en ch o rd w i ll be o ne l e s s
a t he num
t h an n u m b e r o f d i ff er en t n o t e s i n t h e c h o d its e lf A t r i a d h avi n g t h ee s u ch n o te s will
.

t he r . ,
r ,

t h e e fo e h av e t w o i n v e r si o n s d e s c ib ed as i ts fi s t an d s e c o nd i n v e si o n s e spe c tiv e ly Wh en
'

r r r r r r .
,

t h e 3 d o f a ch o rd is pl a c e d i n t h e b a ss th at c h o d is s a i d t o be i n its fi s t i n v si o n ( S ee E x ( a )
r ,
r r er .

in Sec w h e n t h e 5 t h is i n t h e base it is sp o k en o f as b e i n g i n its s con d i nver si on (S ee

.
,
e

E x ( b) i n Se c
. .

4 . Th e fo ll o wi ng e x tract will ill u s t at e t h e u se o f r t he th r ee Pr m ar i y t i ad s

r in an i v ted
n er

f orm

011 t he b ks an of A ll w t
an a er .

l tt s (b)
Th e e er an d b l w th R
( 0) e o e l s i d ic t th t t h ch
o m an n u m e r a n a e a e o rd s ar e in th i fir s t
e r

an d se c d i v s i
on s n er on re sp ctiv ly ge e e V si g i fi s t h fi t i v s i
n e e f rs n er on o t he D o mi ttid
n an r a ,
,
b
. .

I
o
th c nd i v s i
e se o n er on o f t h T ic t i d
e on r a , an d so o n .

Th e m e n al e f e t f ct f th s i v t ch s sh
o e e n er e d o rd o u ld be c ar e ful ly re aliz e d , a n d
‘

the e x m pl
a e c om
pa re d w ith
t h e o lo f l w i g i which t h cl m s y d
n n e u an un m u s ic l
a u se o f d i ct t i s
re r ad in c spo rr e on d ng i
ti s ly b f l t
,

i
s tua on w i ll r e ad i e e

THE FI R ST I NV E RSI ON o r TH E PRIM ARY TR I AD S .

5. I t is p os sibl e to u se all t he t i ad s o f t he m j
r a or or mi n or k e y in t h e fi s t inve s i
r r on ,

Fo r t h e p r e s e n , t h w ve
s tu d e n t s ex er c ise s will d eal o n ly wit h t h e fi r s t i n ve r si o n o f
o e r, t he
’

t h e t hr ee Prim ary t i ad s viz tho s e o f t h e To ni c Su b d o mi n an t an d D o m i nan t (i n d i c at ed in

r , .
,

t h e ab o v e e x ampl e s b y o pen n o t e s) .

Co m p ar e th se x e e am pl s wi t h th t bl s
e e a e of tr i d s in Ch p
a a . I X, Sec .
 MEL OD Y AND HAR MONY .

6 . Th e i n tro du ct i o n o f fi r st i nver si o n s i s o f te n ad v an t ageo u s

(1) Wh en t he m e l o d y m o ve s fr o m o ne n o te t o an o t h er o f the s am e

(11) Fo r t h e p u po se o f avo i d i ng u n gai n ly skips o r m o n o t o n y

r in t h e b ass p art

(G o o d )

Th e st u d e nt sh o ul d s t d y c f ll y
u ar e u t he t w o e x m pl s
a e in S ee . I . in c o nn e xi on w ith t he
a b v o e r e m ar k .

N B —Wh en t w o p s iti s o on of t he s am e ch o rd ar e u e d s s cc ss i t h fi t h ld t cc p
in u e on. e rs s ou no o ur u on
hyth mi c fl w f t h e m s ic i s s ll y
. .

a w ea ker p ar t f th b
o ( e ar or bea t ) t h a n t h e se c ond ,
'

as th e r o o u u ua
ch ck d if
e e a ch d th t i s t
or a o h
b e e ard o n a st ro n ge r b t i s th s tici p t d f s t ll d
ea u an th a e or o re a e on e
p vi s w k
re ou ea er o ne , e .
g
, ,

Co m p ar e thi s with E x .
(5) a bo ve .

p s iti s f t h ch d h ld l w y s
Th e t w o o on f m st g t
o e or s ou a a run ro
“
ro n o we k a th : ,
”
us J , not

f m w k t st g t h
ro
“
ea o
“
ro n ,
”
us z f

s f l hi t th t if t w m l dy t s m vi g th s
. .

It m y b t k a e a e n as a u e u
J b n a o e o -
no e o n u c an e re g ar d ed
b l gi g t t h s m h m y it i s ft g d (i d t v i d f ssi ss f ff ct)
,
”
as e on n o e a e ar on o en oo n or er o a o u ne o e e no t to
ch g t h h e y t t h w k b t b t t th p s iti f t h s m ch d — t h
, ,
an e e a/ fl a e ea er ea u o u se an o er o on o e a e or e dire ct
p s iti t h fi st i v si th c s m y b
,

o o n or e r n er o n , as e a e a e.

Co m p are t he m o v em e n t of t he b ss i
a n Ex .
(c ) w ith t h f ll wi e o o ng
84 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y .

10 ft e n add e d u n d e t he b ass p t
Fi gu r e s ar e o x c is i ic t h m i s
r ~
ar o f an e er e , an d nd a e t he ar on e

q c h c u n t e d f o m t h a t b a ss
.

re u i f
e d ro mr ti me t o tim e by sp e ifyi n g t h e i n t v a ls o f t h e c ,
o r d s o er r

p ar t w h i ch i s t h en d e s c ib e d as a Figu red Bass Th e fi gu r e s 2(u su ally ab b r evi ate d in t o 6)

%
r .

t h e e fo re si gn ify th at a b ass n o t eis t o b ear t h e fi s t i nv er si o n o f a t i ad e g

r - r r , . .

-
9 . or _
5

g t i m pli e s i §fl or (i n fo u r p ar t s )
6

N B —An un fi g n r ed no e t in t h e c our e s of a i
F gu r e d Ba ss im pli s e a ti
r a d in it s d ir e ct (o r ro o t)
p s iti
. .

o on .

O GRE S SIO N O F PA RT S PR .

11 W e n t w o o r o r e c h o d s o f t h e sixt h o ccu r i n su cc e ssi o n (e sp e c i ally o n ad j a c e n t

h m “
r

d egree s a s i n t h e w ll k n o w n e x am pl e s f ro m B e t h o v e n g i v e n b e l o w ) i t is n e c e ss a y — in o d er
.

e -
e ,
r r
,

t o av o i d c o n s e c u ti ve s — t o pl a c e t he 6 t h fr o m t h e bass i n t h e h i g h e s t p a t ( t h at is ab o v e t h e r ,

3 t d f r o m t h e b ass
B n v N —S t 0p 2 N 3 s nr o n . on a a .
, o. .

Co m p ar e the a b v
o e e x am pl s with t h f ll wi
e e o o ng

wil l Ittic th t pp p t s
be n o ch i
ed ch a t he t w o u er ar in t h e an of
“
o rd s of t h e 6t h mo v e in p ll ar a el
4t h l th gh i t w p t iti
s . A ou i t v l n i ss
o t
-
ar wr n
g t he n er a o f a 4t h i s d o n an an d, as a c sq
on e u en c e, a s cc ssi
u e on

of b 4 th s s ch
are th f ll w i g w ld b x c d i gly c d
u as e o o n ou e e ee n ru e

c di ty ti l yd i s pp s if b ss (m vi g t l s t r p id l y
ru en re a e ar a a o n a ea as a a i s pl c a ed be l w th
o em as in
x m pl s S 1 1 T h d d iti s im i l r p t b t h th s s
,

th e e a e f
in ec . .
-
e a on o a a ar a o ve e 4 doe n ot re m o v e t he bad

er doe s an ad de d Bass which mo v s

e m o re sl wly t h
o an t he

f
art s c nl y,
‘

in sp it e of t he s t e gt h
r n ening o f th e
'

to p p t iiar i
 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y . 85

12 . t h ee p art w r it ing (w h i ch is o ft e n e m pl o y e d i n m u si c fo r t h e Pi a no fo rt e ) t h er e is
In r -

li tt l e o no d iffi c u lty i n v o l v ed in a s u cc e ssi o n o f ch o d s o f t h e 6 t h p o vi d ed t h at t h e a b o v e

r r ,
r

d i re c ti o n is f o ll o w e d ; i n fo u r p a t h a m o n y t h e 6 t h s h o u l d still be pl ac ed at t h e t o p an d t h e
-
r r ,

6 t h an d 3 rd ( o 3 d a n d 6 t h ) d o u bl e d a lt e n ate ly in t h e m i d d l e p ar t s
r r T h u s if e x ampl e ( b)
r .
,

w ere t o be a ange d fo r fou real p a ts t he p assage w o u l d c o n v en i e n tly t ak e th is fo rm

rr r r ,

La ck of c are in t hi s m tt a er o f do u bl i n
g w i l l lm s t i vit bly c s f l t y p t w i ting
a o ne a au e au ar -
r , e
.
g
.

13 . p s t
As fo r t h e r e e n w e ar e o n e r n e d c c ly wit h t h e i n v e si o n s o f t h e th ree Prim ary
on r

t ri s
ad t h e ro gr e
,
p
on a ssi t h t will
n ee d t h e m o s t c a e i n th e s e re spe c ts i s th at b e t w e en t he fi r st
r

i n v si
er o n o f t h e S ub d o m n a n an d i t
o m n an D i t cho rd s o f t h e m aj o r k ey f e g '
'

-
. .

IV V
b b

( I n c o rr e ct ) ( I n c o r re ct)

O bvi sly thi s p

ou ro
gr e ss i on c an n o t so w ll e be t ak e n in t he m i no r ke y, o wi ng t o t he au g m e n e d t 2n d
b etw ee n t h e 6 bb an d 7 t h d eg re e s of t he sc l a e

( E m i no r ) .

( Au g . 2nd .
)
86
‘
ME L OD Y AND HA R M ONY .

N B —Th e f lt s au itw i ll b s e e e n , ar is e in e v y i st c f
er n an e ro m n e gle ct of t he d i cti s giv
re on en in
f l l wi g is h w v
. .
,

12 . Th e o o n ,
o e e r, go o d

14 . Th e f ll o wi
o ng s ucc e ssi o n of ch o d s v iz
r , .
, V to IV s h o uld
,
be v ided
a o

V IV
b b

Th e st u den t s h l d m s t c f ll y c m p
ou o are u o ar e t he a u ra l
e fi ec t o f t h fi st t w
e x m pl s w ith th t
r o e a e a o f t he o th s er .

E X E RCI SE S O N T HE FI RST I NV E R SIO N O F THE PR I MAR Y TRI AD S .

A . P l ay , as iso l at ed ch o r d s ,
the fi r st i n ver si o n o f an y o f t h e t hre e Pr i m ary t ri ad s i n v ario u s
k e ys — fi rst in t hree p ar t s , e .
g
. an d a ft er w ard s in f our par t s , e .
g .

B . . Co m pl e te t h e f ll wi ng p ass ag s as d i ect
o o e ,
r ed .

Wh yd
e re an bt c l d xi s t t t h
ou ou e as o e u se o f a d i ct c h
re ord o r of a v si
l st in er o n , t h e la t er i s t
0

i n di c t
a ed by a Ro m an n um era l f ll w
o o ed by (b) , e .
g . I
h
l st i v si
n er o n o f T o ni ct
ri ad .

( i ) (Add an Al to p t ar , on u pp er

N B — Wh en
. . h m ar o ny is i n 3 p t s ly t h i
ar on e n n er p tm ar ay l p m
ea f l y th i t h
o re ree an n e
s 4 p t w ri tin g i it s fi s t i v s i s lly s d s b s t w h n ll i t n t s
,

ca e o f -
ar A ch o rd n r n er o n u ua ou n e e a e s o e ar
p s t
.

re en , e .
g .

ra th th er an
ss
ME L OD Y AND H AR M O N Y .

( n) ( 4 p ar ts ) .

6 6 6 6 6 6 6
I l

(iii ) (4 p art s ) .

D . I n s ert s u i t ab l e fi r s t i n ve si o n s r at t he a s t er isks . T ak e c are t h at t he b ss m v s

a o e
s m o o th ly and m e l o d i o u sly .

(i ) (3 p art s ).

(11) ( 4 par t s ) .

Pal y ch ea of t he a b v x ci s s ls
o e e er e a o in t h e T o n ic mi no r k ey .

E . I m p o v e t h efo ll o wi ng pa ss age s m o d ifyi ng t h e p o siti o n o f so m e

r , of t he cho rd s b y t he
u se o f l s t i n v e si o n s so as t o p r o d u c e a m o re m e l o d i o u s b a ss p ar t
r , Do -
. not a l t er the m elo d y
o f t he t o
p p ar t .

( Ex m pl )
a e ( Im p v d v s i ) ro e er on .
 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ONY . 89

F . H a r m o n ize t h e fo ll o wi ng m e l o d i e s u si ng t h e t h ee Pr i m ar y t r i ad s ( e i th e r in ro o t
,
r

p o siti o n o r i n th e i fi st i nv e s i o n as yo u d ee m s u it abl e ) Tak e c a e t h at t h e b ass r u n s

r r r ,
. r

m e l o d i o u sly .

( i ) To be pl ay e d in 4 p art s ,
fo r t h e P i ano fo t e r ,
an d in va i o s k ys
r u e an d t im s e

8 4 3 3' 2' 3‘ 8 8 7 8 3 2 4 3

( 11) I n 3 p ar t s on ly . Try t o m a ke not on ly t he b ss

a bu t t h e mi d d l e p a t m el o d i c ally
r

i n t e e sti
r ng 1

( a ) Use t h e T o n ic ch d i or t p s iti
n ro o -
o on fo r b th th s
o e e no e t s ch i
ang ng t he p s iti
o on of t he m id d
c m pl t l ch
,

v ico e , so as to o e e th fi e na o rd .

( b) The t s m k d s h l d b t t d p ssi g t s d ch d s h l d cc p t h s c d
no e ar e x ou e re a e as a n -
no e an a or ou o ur u on e e on
w l l p t h fi s t i d t m i t i t h c ss y m v m t d i g t h
,

b t f th b
ea o e ar a s e as u on e r n or er o a n a n e ne e ar o e en ur n e
ti m th t t h m l d y t t h fi st b t i s p l g d i t t h s c d Th d t i
,

e a e e o -
no e on ch c se r ea ro o n e n o e e on e o n ea a e
s y c p ti t h t w p ss g s b i g q iv l t t
.

th fi t f e e ec o a n o a on, e o a a e e n e u a en o

sp ctiv ly I t i si d i bl i s ch i re e e . v sa e, n u n

st c s
an e ,
fo r t h e h arm o n yt o mo v e wi t h t he be at , t h us
l
90 M EL OD Y AND H AR M ON Y .

x Pa ss i ng no e
-
t .

hi k f thi s x ci s
NB—T w it t f t h Pi f t (m s tl y i 4 p t s) U
n o e er h m
e as y r en or e an o o r e o n ar se o n e ar on

ch b s hifti g t h p s iti f t h m i d d l t s f t h ch d s w h c ss y R m m b th t
. . .

i
n ea ar , n e o on o e e no e o e or en n e e ar . e e er a

th m d e V l s i s vi t lly i 2tim t w b s w itt

o ern a e ll y m k i g
r ua b h di p
n e, o ar as r en r ea a n on e ar as e ar n er

f m
or th s
an c e , u t Th v yi g w i g ht f t h w i t t b s is e c . e ar n e o e r en ar

in d ic t d by t h s i g s
a e d sp ctiv l y s i g if yi g s t g
e n d w k b
an v ,
re e e n n a ron e r an a ea er ar .

Beg i n t he h ar m o n iz ti a on i
l ke th s i

i t i ni g t h V ls l ik cc m p i m t i t h H p t th g h t T k c
ma n a n e a e -
e a o an en n e R ar ro u ou a e a re to m a k t h b ss
e e a
s th d m l d i s t h m id d l p t s sh l d m v q i t l y p ss ibl i t i c ss y th t
. .

m oo an e o ou e e ar ou o e as u e as o e, s not ne e ar a

th y s h l d p ss ss d fi it m l d ic i t s t i c s s ch thi s
e ou o e e n e e o n e re n a a e u as .

( ) v . H a rm o n iz e t he fo ll o wi n g i n ro b ke n ch o rd s (as i n d i c at ed in t he fi str bar ) u si n g t he

h ar m o n i e s i m pli e d by t h e Ro m an n u m er a ls
A n d an t e .

IV

IV I V

G ,
P l ay an d w rit e
f o ll o wi ng p o gre ssi o n s (in f o u r p a ts )
t he Wo k e ac h ex e c is e i n r r r r
m o e th an o n e key an d c h ange t h e m e l o d y i n s o d o i n g Tr y t o i n v e n t b ro k en ch o rd f o rm ati o n s
.

r , -

u p o n t h e h a m o n ic sch e m e s
.

r .

( I n m a j o r ke y on ly ) .
92 ME L OD Y AND H ARMONY .

C HAPTER XII .

T HE I NV E RSIO NS O F T H E PR I MARY TR I AD S— ( Con t d

T HE O D I NVE R SIO N
SE C N .

1 . T H E s e c o n d i n v er si on o f a t i a d d i ffer s m at e r i a lly i n its effe c t f o m t h e ro o t p o si t i o n o r

r r

t h e fi s t i n v e si o n o f th a t t i ad
r r r If t h e fo ll o wi ng p ass age be pl ay e d an d a p au s e m ad e o n e ac h
.
,

o f t h e ch o rd s m a k e d r e sp e c ti ve ly (a ) ( b)
r an d (c ) it will b e n o t i c e d t h at w h er e as t h e ear r e sts
, , , ,

c o m fo tably t (a) and (c ) t he c ho rd at (b) se ems i m p e ati vely t o d em an d s o m e o th er ch o r d t o

r a ,
r

su cc e e d i t

T hi s im p e s s io i s st
r n re n g th en e d t he l o n ge r thi s ch o rd i s dw lt p
e u o n, or t he o ft en e r i t is t
r epea e d, e .g .

T n n Can nsr mn f
S IX FO U R
-
C HO R D .

2 si s e c o nd i n v e rsi o n o f a tr i ad t o m o v e o n w ard in thi s w ay ren d er s i t

Th e d e re o f t h e
. ,

sp c lly s it bl
e ia u a c t ai n sit u atio ns i n t he c o u r s o f a ph as e an d t h e m o st f am ili ar o f th s e
e fo r er e r ,
e

is f wh
o und i c ch o d is t ak e n i n t he s e c o n d i n v e si o n j u st b e fo re t h Pe r f e c t c ad e n c e
ere t h e To n r r , e ,

an d wh it iv s
e re n e c e ss a ry f e e li n g o f i m p u ls e f o w ar d
g e t he
. an d k ee ps t h e i n t e e st a liv e
r , r .

p ct o f t h e s e c o n d in ve r si o n at (a) wit h t h e h alti n g l am e n e ss o f t h e d irec t

C o m are t h e go o d effe
To nicti r a d at
( b)
H As u s i
.. J ud a s M cc b sa a a
eu . The s ame, a lt
ered .
 ME L OD Y AND HAR MON Y .
93

f ll w ing x t act f Bee t h o ven ill u s trat e s sam e ch o r d

'

3 . Th e o o e r ro m t he u se o f the at an
Imper fect (o r H lf ) c ad c
a en e

Se e a ls o On t he b ksan of A lanl Wat er , ( p age

4 . se c o n d i nv e r si o n is f e qu en tly sp o k e n o f as a ch o rd o f t h e si x fo u r fro m t h e fact

A r -
,

t h at t h e i nt er v als o f t h e ch o rd c o u n t ed u p war d s fr o m it s b ass n o t e ar e r e sp e c ti ve ly a 6 t h an d a -

4 t h (c o m p a e Ch apt er X I Se c
,
r an d w h e n it is u s e d at o r n e ar a c ad e n c e t h e s e c o n d i n v e
, , ,
r

si o n o f t h e To n ic c h o d f is u s u ally t e m e d a c ad e n ti al 2
\
r r .

N B —I n
. . a fi gu r e d -
b ss
a , t he fig u re s 2th f er e o r e i d ic t
n a e t h e 2n d i v si
n er on of a ti
r ad .

5 . Th e b e st no e t t o do u bl e in an y 2c h o r d is its bass no t e ’
. Th e d o u bli ng of e it h er of t he
o th er n o e t s of t he ch o rd is n o t s atisfac t o y i n fo ur p ar t w r iti ng
r -

6 . As t h e
2 is v er y f r e q u e n tly fo ll o w e d by a d i r e ct c o mm o n c h o r d o n t h e s am e
Ca d e n ti al .

b ass n o t e o r its o c t av e t he s m o o th e st pro g e ssi o n is u s u ally pro d u ce d by d o u bli n g t he b ass n o t e

-
, r -

hi s f m T or of Im p f ct c
er e ad e n c i s s lly d s c ib d
e u ua F mi i e r e as a
“
e n n e e n d ng , i i s p d c d wh
an d ro u e en

a note f t h D o e o m n ani t ch o rd in t h m l d y i s d l y d i it s pp
e e o c e a e n a e ar a n e , an d th w rot w k p t
n on o a ea er ar

of th b by e ar , a no e of t t h e To n ic h m y b i g t k n p t h cc t
ar on e n a e u on e a en Th e t w o t s th
no e s lly ar e en u u a

sl d th us
.

urre ,

( F mi i di g ) e n ne en n .

Th e a b o ve p ro gre ss i is vi t lly
on r ua a de c o ra e d t f m or of

( Mas c liu dine e n ng. )

If I , or I ’ be u
h
s b s tit t u ed fo r I
c
in E pl N 1 b v e it w ill b tic d th t t h sp ci
x am e o . a o , e no e a e e al p ersu a si v en e ss
i i will b c m pl t l y i ed
N

of th e Fem n n e e n d in g e o e e ru n .

i
t Th “ s ix f i r 5 5 th D mi t ba ”
'

e -
o i 011 e o n an se.
94 ME L OD Y AND H AR MO NY .

of th e
g( as s t ated abo ve ) and b y all o wi ng t h e o th e t w o p ar ts t o p ro c e e d d o w n w ard s b y s te p
,
r

Th e d o u bl e d b ass no t e o f t h e 2th en rem a i n s t o fo m p ar t o f t he n e xt ch o d e g

-
r r ,
. .

7 . Th e C ad e n ti l 2 sh
a o ul d no t be pl ac ed at a w eak er p ar t o f t h e bar t h a n t h e ch ord
t h at fo ll o ws it

PRE L I M I NAR Y E X E RCI SE S O N TH E “

C A D E NT I AL
i .

A . P l ay , as isol at ed ch o rd s , t he se c o n d i n v e si o n
r of t h e To n i c tr i ad in v ar i o u s k e ys— fi rst
in th ree p arts , e .
g . an d a ft er w ar d s in fo ur p ar t s ,
e. g .

( Key C ) .

B . Co n v t er t he f ll w i
o o ng M as c u li n e I m p e r f e ct c ad en c e s i n t o Fe m i n i n e one s by , t he
u se o f t he “
C ad e n i a t l 2 p u on t he s tro ng b eat o f t h e s e co n d bar , as des c i be d
r on p age 93
( foo t no t e)
-

, e .
g.
96 M E L OD Y A ND H AR M ON Y .

E . H arm o n iz e t h e f ll w i
ph ra s e e nd i ngs fo t h e Pi an o Ar ange e ach e x am pl e in s o m e
o o ng -
r . r

s u it a bl e ti m e a n d r h yt h m e sp e c i al ly be ar i n g i n m i n d t h e d i r e c ti o n as t o t h e r h yt h m i c p o siti o n
,

o f t he
2 c h o r d m e n ti o n e d i n Se c 7 ab o v e
,
Pl y e ac h e x e r c is e i n v ar i o u s m aj o an d mi n o r
. . a r

k eys an d m ak e t h e h i gh e st p a t as m e l o d i o u s as p o ssibl e
,
r .

"

I I
v I v I
v
( Fem . i
en d n g .
)

I l I
I IV I V V I
c

( Fe m . i
e n d ng. )

TH E PA S S NG I SI X FO U R
“
C H O RD -
.

8 . Se c
i n v e r si on s
ond m a y be -

t ak en o t h e wis e th an c ad e nt i ally a s will

r ,
be s een fr o m the
fo ll o wi ng e x ampl e s
Mo z x nn — Sonata i n C ( No .

Gr a ve . Bs s r n c s .
— Sonata i n C mi nor ( Op .

MENDE Lsso n N —Vari ati ons in B flat ( Op

. .

A n d a nt e .

In ea ch of t he b v i n s tan c e s i t will b
a o e ti c ed
, e no , t he b ass -
not e o f t he
2ch o rd is qui tt ed by
t he s t ep of a 2nd Th e ch rd is t h n s lly t e m
. o e u ua r ed a Pa ssin g
 ME L OD Y A ND H A R M ON Y .
97

is p e r h aps m o s t f re q u e n tly f o un d u p o n t h e 2n d d e gr ee o f t h e s c al e
g
“
9 . The Pas s in g ,

fo rmi n g t h e s e c o n d i n v e si o n o f t h e D o m i n an t t i ad (see E x am pl e s 1 an d 2 1n Sec 8 ab o v e ) bu t

r r "
’
. ,

i s als o m e t wit h u p o n t h e 5 t h d e g e e p ro d u c i n t h e s e c o n d i n v e r si o n o f t h e T o n i c t ri ad (see

r
g ,

E x ampl e 3 a b o v e ) I n e it h e c a s e t h e st u d e n t i s fo r t h e p re s e n t a d vis e d t o r e str i c t its u s e t o

. r .
-

t h o s e c a s e s w h er e b o t h t h e b ass and t h e t o p p ar t m o v e by st ep t o an d f o m it i n c on tra y m o t i on r r

to on e a n o t her , e .
g .

( Goo d )

N B — U n ik e t h e
. . l ti l 2 t h P ss i g 2 m y cc
c ad e n a e a n a o u r at e ith st
er a ro n g e r o r a w k p rt
e a er a

of t h e bar th an t he ch d w hich f l l ws it ( p tic l l y t h x

or o o see ar u ar e e a m p l s in S
e ec .

10 . It i s not
go o d t o a pp ro ach an y
? ch o rd by leap

e x c ep t ( i ) fro m a ch o rd in i t s roo t p o siti o n

(11 ) fr o m t h e fi r st in v sier on o f i ts ow n ch o rd , e .
g .

Th e sc
e o n d i n v er s o n i of t he D o m i
n an tti r ad c an n o t be f ll w
o o ed by cha ord o n t he s am e b ss n te
a -
o
w ith go o d e ffe ct :

T No t e th t th
a e us e h ) f t h gf
( as i
ch d
er e o e
5
or on t he st ro n g a cc t aft
en , er an o th p siti
er o on of t he s am e

ch o rd o n th p c
e re e din g w k b t c s tit t s
ea er ea , on u e on e o f t he r ar e e x c p ti s t
e on o th l i Ch p
e ru e n a . XI, Se c 6 . .
98 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ONY .

PRE L I MI NARY E XE RCI SE S O N THE PASSI NG 2 .

F . M e m o riz e t he fo ll o wi ng p ro gre ssi o n s an d p lay t h em i n all k e ys m aj o r and

, ,
m i nor

N B — A rran g e t h e
. . a b v p
o e r o gr e ss i s ls
on a o in O p V c lh
en o a arm o n y in f our p art s , th us

G . Co m pl e t e t he fo ll o wi n
g p a ssa g e s by, a d di n g t w o mi dd l e p ar t s as i nd i c at ed N B —Th e . . .
e

u se o f t he Pa ssi ng 4
i s,
i n t h e fi r st t w o e x e r c is e s d e n o t e d by a R o m an n u m e r al
,
.

(1) Ad d A l t o and Teno r

v ice pa t s
o -
r .

(11) Fo r Pi an o add t wo (Key G m i n o r ) .

p ar ts in a n .

(Pl ay th is al s o
in D mi n o ) r .

( i v) (Ad d one par t

in ea ch h an d .
)
1 00 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M ON Y .

Fo r S t ri ng Qu artet .

i
Be g n t he a b v x ci s
o e e er e as f ll ws
o o , an d ma k e o cc si
a on a l u se o f t he i l ttl e me l dic fi g
o ur e at (x )

l s t V i o in l .

z u d Vi o i n l .

V io l a .

Vio l o nce ll o .

( S ee A pp en di xE) .

(m ) Harm o n i z e t h e fo ll o wi n g fo t h e Pi an o fo rt e c o n ti n u i
r ,
n
g as i n d i cat ed in t h e o p en i n g
b s
ar .
(S ee n o t e to E x e c is e D n p a g e
r o

fil od er a t o .

NB —
In t he f l l wi
o o ng me l dy h
o i
ar m o n z e in 4 p tsar o nl y wh ere in d ic t
a ed by th sm l l
e a no et s
st
. .
,
un d e r the aff .
 ME L OD Y A ND H A R M ON Y .
1 01

and A lt o on ly P J J P J
— p s)
.

J
(4 ar t .

D ou bl e t he g iv p ts i
en ar n 8ve bel ow .

—1 _
1
O L

J . H arm o n iz e t h e fo ll o wi n g Bass e s ( fi gur ed an d u n fi gu re d ) u si ng o nly , t h e Pr m ar i y triad s

an d t h e i i n v e si o n s
r r . I n s er t o cc asi o n al Passi ng n o t e s i n t h e Me l o d y
-
.

E x ci s s (i ) t (iv) s h l d b w
er e o ou e o rk e d fo r fo u r v oi c e p a rts
'

( Al s o in Fm in
or. )

ls
( A oin A mi nor ) .

(0) an d ( b) Th e sce o nd
g ua v er o f th s e e g ro u ps i s t o be re g ar d e d as a p ssi
a ng no e.
-
t In a. i
F gu r e d Ba , ss
li sne of c i t (
o n t nua i o n as h e re ) si i y th t
gn f a t he s am e h arm o n y is t o be re ati ned o r re e a e d as p t
l g
on as t he li s l s t
ne a , e .
g .

(i ) i mplyi ng

implyi ng
1 02 MEL OD Y AND HAR M ONY .

A n da n t e .
(3)

(v ) Co m pl e t thi s x c is e a in d ic t d si g s m t im s 3 p t
e e er s a e ,
u n o e e -
ar an d s o m e t im e s 4-
pa rt

h ar m o n y . Do t h m o iz wit h ch d s s h t
no ar n th c t ch ts
e or o r er an ro e

Gavot t e .

Vi l in I
o .

Vi l i o n II .

Vi l o a.

'
Ce ll o.

On e of t he c omp tiv ly
ar a e rare u ss
e of t h e Su d o m b i t ch d i t h s c d i v s i
n an or n e e on n er on, f o rm n g i
a Fe min i ne end n i g s m w h t s im i l
o e a ar c st cti t
in on ru on o th t p d c d by t h p g ssi
IaV I ro u e e ro re on
c
. n

v
t hep s t c s th re en a e e 6th f ro m t he b ss s h l d b sl d d w t t h 5t h d t h 4 t h t t h 3 rd w hil t h
a ou e ur r e o n o e , an e o e , e e

k y e t i s h ld i
-
no e e n t h e Tr e bl e an d B ss a I t i s w thy f
. t th t t h l y c s in which
or o sc d
no e a e on a e one e on

i v si
n er o n c an , as a rul e , f ll w
o o an oth s cc ss f l ly i s f d w h V p c d s t I V th s
er u e u oun er e ro ee o ’ u
c 0

G re a tc are mu st be t a ke n to a o d v i c n s c tiv p f ct
o e u e er e
4 th s w ith t h e Ba ss
104 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .

C HA PTE R X III .

O D
T HE SE C N ARY TR A I D S O F T HE MAJ O R O R MI NO R KE Y .

1 T HE t ri ad s h ith er t o c o n si d e e d ( viz I IV an d V ) f o m so t o sp e ak t h e st a pl e o r b ac k
r .
, ,
r , ,

b o ne o f t h e ke y and m an y c o m p a a tiv e ly st i g h tf w a d m e l o d i e s m ay be h a m o m ed e ffe c t

.

r ra or r r z
,

ive ly with t h e s e ch o d s a l o n e ( e ith e r i n o t p o siti o n o i n v e t d )

r r In m an y c as e s h o w e v e
o , r r e . ,
r,

th ei r e x c l us iv e u s e p o d u c e s a c er t ai n s qu a e n ss o f e ff c t an d o th er ch o r d s wh o s e c h arac t e r
r r e e ,

d o m i n at e s t h e ke y r ath e r l e ss st ro n g ly a e n eed e d fo r v a i e ty a n d r e li e f
r r .

2 h e s e ch o r d s— Se co n d ary tr i ad s
T , as th y e ar e fr e que n t ly c all e d o ccur u po n -
t h e 2n d , 3 r d,
6t h an d 7 t h d e g e e s o f t h e s c al e as will
r , be se e n by t h e f o ll o wi n g e x am pl e s

M m or . Maj or . Min or . Dim .

( Maj or key ) .

r
—1
Mi nor Dim A ug Minor
. . . . Maj or .

( Minor key ) .

Th e S e c o n d ar y t i ds
r a ar e pi tr n ed in bl ck h a ~
ead ed n o e ts .

Of th e s e fo u t ho s e o n t he Supe r to n i c and S u bmed i an t are by far t h e m o st i m po r tan t

r, an d
u s e fu l an d fo r t h e p r e s e n t t h e e m pl o y m e n t o f t h e s e will be c o n si d e re d e x c l u si v e ly
,
.

TH E SU PE R T O NIC TR I AD .

Th e Su er o n p t i c ch
o rd ( ) mo II i s
s t v al u a bl e in h arm o n iz at i o n I n t h e m aj o r fo r m o f t h e .

i fo r m o f t he key a d i m ini s hed tr i ad an d a s t h e e ffe c t

.

k ey i t i s a m i no r tr i a d , an d i n t h e m n o r ,

of b t h t h s is v
o of e e l ss i c t t h an t h at o f t h e P i m a y t ri ad s it will be fo u n d t h a t
agu er an d e d re r r ,

in b th c s s
o a e p t ic t i s t u su ally lead s up t o o n e o f t h e str o n ge r cho rd s e g
t h e Su e r o n r ad m o , . .

th t D i t
a o f t he o m n an

Hym t — St A n -
une .
“
B
. nne S
. t ( Op 1 4 N s s r s os .
-

o na a .
, o .

II V
b
Bs s r n o s — Sonata (Op . 1 0, No .
 . ME L OB Y A ND H AR M O NY
'
. 105

4 . f act o f t h e Su p er to n i c c h o r d l e ad i n g so w ell t o t h e D o mi n an t ch o r d c au se s i t t o be
Th e .

par ti c u l ar ly a pp o p r i a t e j u s t b f ore a Cad n ce as i n t h e fo re go i n g e x t ract s

r e In s u ch a c as e i t
e ,
. ,

m ay be u s e d e q u ally w e ll t o p r e c e d e t h e Cad e n t i al 2 e g
"
. .

HAYD N . Cre a ti on . Mo m ma — Sonata in A ( No .

BE ET H o v s ra— Son a t a ( Op . 4 9, No l ) . .

5 Th e e a
. x mpl s
e i n Se 3 an d 4 a o e e cs
a t h e Su
. b v s h w th t pe r to n ic t r i ad i n a m aj o r key m ay
s it
be u e d e he r i n r o o t po si t i o n ( as i n E x s (a ) a nd
~
o r in . its fi r s t i n ve r sio n ( as in E x s ( b) and .

i h w v it is s l t k t h e r f o rm t h an t h e fi r st i n vers i o n
_

I n t h e m n o r ke y, o e e r , e do m a e n i n an y o

(E x s (c ) an d f
. t h e e ffe of a m n ct
ed r ad i n r o o o Di i is h ti t p siti o n b e i ng r a e ly sat isfaic t o ry
-
r .
’

6 . Wh e n p e to n i c t ri ad (i n e it h e f o r m o f a k ey) is t ak en i n t h e fi s t i n ve si o n its
t h e Su r r r r ,

ba s no t e m a y be f e e ly d o u bl e d p a ti c u l a ly wh e n i t l e ad s t o a c ad e n c e (s ee a b o v e e x am pl e s )
s -
r , r r .

I n t h is c o n n e xi o n t h e f o ll o wi n g ge n e a l d i e c ti o n s as t o d o u b li n g i n t h e c as e o f ch o d s o f t h e
,
r r r

6 t h m ay p o v e u s e f u l
r

( )
a Th e b ass -
no e of t t he fi s t i v si
r n er on o f a m aj or ti r ad s ho u l d no t be d o u bl e d ;1

( b) In t h e c a se o f a m i n or t i ad t h e b a ss n o t e o f its fi rst i n ve r si o n m ay o ft e n
r ,
-

be d o u bl ed
wit h go o d e ff e c t (e sp e c i ally in t h e c a s e o f U h i n a m aj o r key)

( )
c Th e b ass n o t e o f t h e fir s t i n ver sio n
-
of a d i mi n i s hed ti r ad (e g H b i n
. . a m i nor ke y) is
u uas lly t he bes t n o t e t o d o u b l e .

Co m p ar e t h e go o d e ff e ct of w ith t h c e ru d e n e ss of

1 E
“
xc p ti s t thi s will b c
e on o e o ns id e re d at a l t st
a er ag e .
1 06 ME L OD Y AND HAR M N Y O .

T H E SU BM E D I ANT TR I AD .

7 Th e Su b m e d i an t ch o r d is f a m o e f r e q ure n'
tly f o u
r n d i n ro o t p o s it i o n t h a n i n an i n v e r t e d -

fo rm It i s p a ti c u l a ly u s e f u l fo r t h e p u p o se o f a v o i d i n g t h e m o n o t o n y o f t o o m u ch To n i c
.

-
r r r

h ar m o n y an d t h e l s t o r t h e 3 r d d eg e e o f t h e s c al e c a n o ft e n be h ar m o n iz e d e ffe c tiv e ly by its

.

m e a n s i n st e ad o f by s o m e p o siti o n o f t h e T o n i c c h o d It th e n f e qu en tly f o r m s t h e fi n al
,
r . r

c h o d in an I n t e pt e d Cad en c e a c ad e n c e i n w h i c h s o m e o th er c h o r d t h an t h a t o f
,
“
r rru ,

t h e To n i c f o ll o ws t h e D o m i n an t at t h e e n d o f a ph r as e ) e g ,
. .

Bs s r n ov s rz — So na
. ta ( O p . 1 0, No .

Th e o o n g e f ll wi x am pl e ill u stra t e s t he u se o f t h e Su m e d b i an t ch o rd t o h ar m o n iz e b o th t he
l st an d 3 r d d e gre e s o f t h e s c al e
M E ND s L sso n x . E l ij ah .

8 . t
In t h e gre a m a j i ty
or i n st an c e s t h e Su b m ed i an t ch o r d s o u n d s be st with its 3 d (an d
of r

its t bl s ee t h e t w o p e c e d i n g e xt a cts ) an d it is o ft en d i ffic u lt t o o bt a i n a

ed (
*
no t ro o ) d o u r r ,

sm o o th an d m sic l
u a mo v e m e n t o f t h e p a ts i n an y o th er w ay
r

In t h e m i no r f o r m o f t h e key t h e n eed fo t h is d o bli n g o f t h e 3 d i n s t ea d o f t h e r o o t i s

,
r u . r

vi t
r u al m ly i p era tiv e wh en VI fo ll o ws o is fo ll o w e d by V t o av o i d s o m e bad fau l t o f p a t
,
r , ,
r

w ti ng
ri

(Au g
-
. 2n d.
)

Th e 8 r d is t h st e r o ng (To n ic ) n o e of t the sc l a e.
1 08 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .

D . l ay (and w r it e f o m m e m o r y ) t he f o ll o wi ng p ro gr e ssi o n s in v a i o u s m aj o r
P r ,
r an d mi n o r
k e ys . M ak e t h e t e bl e p ar t m e l o d i o u s an d gi ve m o e t h an o n e v e r s i o n o f each
r
,
r

i
u
h
I I V I II
b
I
c
V VI

f
I II
b
I
c
V I VI II
b
V I

( Fe m e n d i n g )
. .

N B — T he
. . fo ll o wi ng ar e t o be w o r k e d i n t h e m aj o r fo r m o f t h e key o n ly
r
_ ' — I
II V I VI II I
c
V I

ME L ODI E S A ND BAS SE S I NC L U DI NG TH E SU PE RT O NI C AND

S U BME DI ANT C H O RD S .

E , Har m o n iz e t h e fo ll owi ng me l o d i e s i n t ro d u c i n g t h e Su pert o n i c an d Sub m ed i an t

,

w h ere s u itab l e .
( U se t h e Su b m e d i an t ch o r d as ye t o n ly i n its ro o t p o si ti o n )
, ,
-
.

(a )
B ~ h arm o n y .

X Passi n g note
( b) = Su bni e d ian t
.

b s v th t
O er e a t he p s c
re e n e of t h e 2n d d e g r e e of t he sc l a e in a m e l o dy doe s
s lly i m pl y S p
no t u ua u e
t ic
on h a r mo n y, u n e l ss it c s j st b f
om e u e o r e a c ad en c ( wh e re itis r e f q uen t l y i di sp s bl ) O th w i s
n en a e
t h m y is d
er e,
f
.

so m e o rm o f D o m in a n ar on ne e ed, e .

g .
 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M ONY . 109

x Pas si ng no e.
-
t

No t a I n t h e n e xt t w o
-
e x cis s p ss i
er e a n g n o t e s ar e
-
m o re f r e el y em pl
o ye d , an d s v l i st c s
e e ra n an e of
th e M o r d e n t fi gu r e ar e i tn rodu c ed .

iy ) .

|( Co n in u e t s im il l y— t
ar wo sh t ch
or ord si n ea ch b ar .

On e s h t ch
or o rd o n ly i n ea ch b ar
( ) I (4 p ts t
ar o the
I
.

n- ‘
r
'
1 J '
11 J n r ni i ‘
l l
‘

(On e h arm o n y on ly i n ea ch b ar , u n e l ss th w i s p cifi

o er e S e ed .
)

Th e a pp are n t c s c tiv
on e u e 5 th s ”
in t h e L e ft h and p t ar of t he t w o fi l ch
na o rd s ar e q it j s tifi b l
u e u a e
in Pi an o f t
or e wr iti n g, ( S ee A pp en d ix B ) .
1 10 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ON Y .

F . H arm o n i z e t h e
fo ll o wi ng Fi gu red an d U n fi gure d Ba ss e s . M ak e t h e hi gh e s t p ar t o f the
h ar m o ny as m el o d i o u s as po ssi bl e .

Hym n -
t u ne.

'

( Fe m . i
end ng .
)

Add t w o u pp p t s f
er ar or t he R g i ht h an d (i n c tch t s ) t
ro e o t he f ll w i
o o ng Le ft h
-
an d p t
ar

Mod era t o .

J f fi

G I m pro ise r hyth m i cal

. v s e nt en c e s ill u st ati ng t he
, r use of II an d VI . D e c o r at e t he
elod y W i th p assi n n o t e s an d
g
-
b o k e n cho r d form ati o n s
r -
.
1 12 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M ONY .

c xi o n wi th t h e pr ev i o u s ks f o ll o wi n g hi n t s s er v i c e to t he
g
. In o nn e re m ar ,
t he m ay be of
st u en t

(i ) A t r i ad i n d i re ct p o siti o n r ar e ly p r o c eed s w ell to an o t h er d i r ec t t r i ad w h o s e r oo t is a

3 rd hi g h e r

( Go o d )

(All w e ak )

IV VI

ii
( ) W h e n ro o t s a s c e n d o r d e s c e n d b y t h e i n t e v a l o f a 4 t h o r 5 t h o w h e e th e y d esc en d
r ,
r r

b y t h e i n t e r val o f a 3 d t he p ro g re ssi o n s are i nv a i ably e ffe ct i ve an d st ro ng ( S ee p ar ti cu lar ly

r ,
r .

L xs .
( b) an d (c) i n Se c .

THE TR I AD S U PO N TH E ME DI A NT AND L E ADI NG N O T E -

.

4 The i i tr i ad s o f e it h er m aj o r o m i no r key (v iz III an d VII ) ar e o f l e ss f e qu en t

r em a n ng r . r

c c Th e l a tt er b e i n g a d i m i n ish e d t i ad i s o f littl e p ac ti c al v al ue i n i t s d i r e c t
.

oc ur r en e . ,
r ,
r

po s iti o n is de c i d d ly s f l
e u e u in its fi r st i n v e si o n w h en it r , c an

o fte n be pl o y e d e ffe ct iv e ly
em in pl ac e s wh e e D o m i n an t h a m o n y w o u l d be
r r
go o d ( ch i efly in
h ar m o n i zi n g e ith e r t h e 2n d o r 7th o f t h e s c al e in t h e c o u s e o f a m e l o d y )
r eg . .

in st ea d o f

in st e ad o f

w ith w hich t h s t t is l yf ili hi s ly t w

'

"
1 Th e en e u d en a re a d am ar in e ar o -

p art s t u di es , is

o f co urs e an in c o m pl et e f o rm o f an d p vi d s
ro e a p f ct c
er e ad e n c e of an alm o s t q llye ua
 ME L OD Y '
AND H ARM N Y O . 1 13

Th e fo ll wi ng i s f
o a am il iar i n s tan c e o f i t s u se
HANDE L . Me ssi h
a .

Ke y B .

j ity f c s s it i s b s t t d bl e t h b ss t f VIIb ( Ch p X III S 6

.

N B —In t h e m a
. . or o a e , e o ou e a -
no e o s ee a .
, ec .

an d t h e t w o no t s f m i g t h d i m i i s h d 5t h ( it s i v s i t h
e or n e n egm t d 4t h ) s h l d s l l y
or n er o n, e au en e ou u ua
m o v e by s t ep .

5 . Th e ch o rd of t he Me d i an t ( III) d i ff er s m ater i ally i n ef ef ct in t h e t w fo o rm s of a ke y .

In t h e m aj o r m o de it is a c c
o n o rd a n t (m i n o ) t r i ad
r ,
e .
g.
— ( In C m j )
a or . bu t its
i n t ro d u ct i on r e q u i e s a go o d d e al o f c are an d t h e s tu d e n t w h o s e e ar is n o t k e en ly ali ve t o t h e
r ,

n i c e t i e s o f m u si c al e ff e c t will be i n d a n g e o f m an y c r u d iti e s if h e u s e s i t i n d is c r i m i n a t e ly
r It .

is ge ne r ally s afer for t h e b egi nn er t o a v o i d it af t er any c h o d c o n t ai ni ng t h e 4 t h d egree o f t h e r

s c al e

(All c ru d e )

6 If i t c an be fo ll o w e d by a ch o d w ho s e r o o t is a 4 t h ab o v e
. r ( o r 5t h b l o w) it s
e own
ro o t th at i s by S u bmed i a n t h a m o ny its e ffe ct is q u it e
, , go o d
r ,

an d i t is u s e f l i n c e t ai n c a s e s
u r to h ar m o n iz e t h e L e ad i ng no te
-
in a m e lo d y d es c i
e n d ng s c al e
wis e f ro m t h e ke y—no te th u s ,
1 14 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ON Y .

7 . In t h e m in m or ode o f t h e k ey, t h e M e d i an t ch o rd c t i s n a gm n te d 5t h f o m t h
on a n a u e r e

ro o t , e.
g .
— ( Ih C mi no r ) . a c s q c is d i
on e u en nt ( gm e t d )
e a sso n a au n e

t i ad
r ,
re q iiu r ng t o be fo ll o w e d
i n a er a n d e n c t i fi it e w ay Its m o s t f re qu en t p ro gr e ssi o n i s (as
.

in t h e c s f III a e o in t he m a o r k e y) t o a j
o rd ch w h o s e ro o t is a 4 t h ab o v e i t s o w n i a t h e Sub , . .
,

m e d an i t c h o d ( VI r ) , t h e au gm e n ed 5 t h r i si n g a t semi t o ne t o t h e 3 r d o f t h a t ch o r d e g ,
. .

III VI

N B — Th e ‘

fix d
ed o rd p e rm e d
ro g re ss i
r eso lu t i o n
on isc
In m an y
of a is t it s c s s t h M di n t a e e e a
f ctiv l y if ch d i s p p d
. . .

ti r i i t
a d o f a m n o r k e y c an be n r o d u e d m o r e e f e e c
t h e au g m e n e d 5t h o f t h e t or re ar e

s ou nd e d as a o n o d
r i n c c
h
t e r e e d n
g ar m o n i n t h e a m e
“
o p c i
e
"
or h y s v ic p t Thi s i s t ar no

ct l y c ss y it ft t s p c s th s ic l s l t Th fi st
.
,

a u al ne e ar , bu t o en e nd to ro du e a m o o e r a n d m o re m u a re u e r
x pl b v ill s t t s thi s p p i ss
.

e am e (a ) a o e u ra e r e ar a o n o f t he d o n an e * ti c .

8 . Wi th r e gar d to t he fi s t i v si
r n er on o f t h e Se co n d ar y t ri ad s i t is u s e f ul t o r em em ber th at
,

(i ) In m o s t c as e s t he b st ff ct is p
e e e ro d u c ed wh e n t h e b a ss n o t e is q u i tt e d b y s t e p e g
-

, . .

( )
ii The fi st i v si o f th s t i d s u s lly s
r n er n o e e r a ua o un d s b e s t w ith t he 6t h fro m t he b ass n o te -

as t he hi gh e s t n t f t h ch d
o e o e or

It wi ll
b e r e m e m er e d a th t t h S p t ic ch d i
b mi ek y is ud im i i sh d t i d
er o n d or n a nor e a n e r a an as a

sq t p s iti It i s h d ly v m t w ith i thi s f m b t if it i s s d it

,

co n e c u e n e , d i sson a n t i n i t s r o o -
o on ar e er e n or u so u e
s lv s li p ch d w h s t i s 4 t h b v it s o w p th D m
.
,

i tti
,

re o e ( k e t h e Me d a n r ad ) u on a or o e ro o a a o e n u on e o
i n an t ) , e .
g .

i i sh d 5 th f lli y s m it t t h
t he d im n e t f th t ch d a n a e one o e ro o o a or It i s s ll y b tt t
u ua e er o p p re ar e t he
d i ss b v I t h fi s t i v s i thi s c h d m y b t t d p ctic lly with
.

t st h
o n an as a o e n e r n er on or a e rea e ra a t he f r ee d o m of
c c d ( Ch p X I II S
, .

a on or s ee a . ec
, , .
. 116 ME L OD Y A ND HA R M O N Y .

VII
b
(Fo ll o w thi s ch o rd in th r ee if
d f er en t w ys )
a .

N B — C o n ti n u e t h e f o llo w i n g
'

p a ssage i n a de sc e n di ng Se q ue n c e, as s u gg e st ed . I nd ic t
a e t he
i s by R ls
. .

h arm o n e o m an n u m e r a

"

0 l ay (and w rit e f
. P ro m m e m or y) the fo ll o wi ng p ro
gr e ssi o n s , in v i s k ys
ar o u e . M ak e t he
t e bl e p art m e l o d i o u s
r .

"

(a ) M aj o r ke ys o nl y. I V III VI I I
b
II ‘
b I I II
b
I I II
I)
V I
h

I IV YII VI 1 V II Iv VI I I
b b

k
a
i

( 6) Mi n o r
c

k ys
e o nl y . 1 v 111 VI ru
b
v1 11
1)
v I vr
h
v
b
1
l

( d im i n i s h e d ) ti
r ad.
 MEL OD Y AND HA R M N Y '
O . 1 171

D . H arm o n iz e t h e fo ll o wi n g m e l o d i e s i n t o d u cing ,
r Se c o n d ar y t i ad s w h ere s u it abl e
r .

In t h e fi st t w
r o e x e r c is e s t h es e a e i n d i c a t e d by t h e R o m a n
r n u m e ra ls .

a,

VI II VI II
I) P
u
l

NB -
No te s or re s ts un d e r ne a th the s t ff
a are d i cti s
re on as t o t he l eng th of t he a cc om p i
an y n g

s
. .

c h o rd .

II

( Co n ti nu e as i d ic t
n a ed .
)

N BA—( E x c p t i t h p sse n e a a ge in th ree p ts

ar do no t h arm o n z e i m o re q ickly th
u an t he c tch t p ls
ro e u e

f ll wi g x ci s )
,

in t h e o o n e er e .

Vi va ce .

x Pa ssi ng n o e.
-
t
”
T
t A cc t d p ss i
en e a ng no e -
t ; t he ch o rd t ak e n a a n
g i s t it s h l d b ou e o ne th t h
a arm o n z e i s th e f o llo w in g n o e.t
118 MEL OD Y AND HAR MO N Y .

C h o ra l .
Ke y B l? m a j o r. G mm o r .

Harm o n iz e t h e fo ll o wi ng b asse s ( fi gu r e d an d u n fi gu r e d )

( l st Vi l io n .
)

F
. I m p o vis a ti o n a t
r t he k eyb o ard to ill u s t ate
r t he s c s
re o u r e of t h is ch pt
a er .

x Pa ss i n
g
-
t
no e .
1 20 MEL OD Y AND HAR M ON Y

C HA PTER XV .

T HE CHORD O F T HE DO MI NANT SE V E NTH .

1 . Th e ch
o rd o f t h e o m n an 7t h o n D i t c si sts f t h c m m ch d o f t h D mi n t f e i th e
o e o on or e o na o r

m aj o r o r m no r key, i h t h e 7 t h ro m t h e wit f o t ad d d t h
ro c h d b i g id n t i c l i b th f m s
e , e or e n e a n o or

of t he ke y, e g . .

( Ro o t p s iti
o on .
) ( In v er s i o n s ) . ( Ro o t p s itio on .
) ( In v er s i o n s ) .

( C ma j or .
) (C m i nor .
)

2 . If t he ch
lys e d it w ill be f o u n d t o c o n t ai n t w o d iss o n an t i n te rvals e ach o f
o rd be an a , ,

w h ch ad d s c o n si d e ably t o t h e e xpe c t an t an d i n co n c l u si v e fee li ng o f t h e D o m i nan t t ri ad t o

i r ,

w h i ch a llu si o n w as m ad e o n page 65 T h e s e d iss o n an t i n t er v als are .

( Min . 7t h .
) (D i m . st h .
) ( M aj . 2u d .
) (A u g . 4t h .
)
o r, i v t
n er ed,

3 . Do min an t 7 t h ch o rd mo st freq u en t ly re s o l v e s u p o n T o n i c o r Su bm e d i an t h arm o n y

Th e ,

a nd its t w o m o s t c h ar ac t e ri sti c n o t e s t h e 3 r d an d t h e 7 t h o f t h e ch o r d ) t h e n a lw ays m o v e by

(
s tep t h e 3 r d r is i n g a s e m it o n e t o t h e ke
y n o t e an d t h e 7 t h f alli n g a s e m it o n e i n t h e m aj o r fo rm
-
, ,

o f t h e k ey an d a t o n e i n t h e m i n o r f o r m
,

O n To n ic h ar m o n y
p s ti i v si i v si i v si
.

(Ro o t o i on .
) ( l st n er on .
) ( 2n d n er on .
) (3 r d n er on .
)

N B — Th e
. . fl a t s i n b ac k e t s s h e w
r s l t i o n in t h e M i no r fo rm o f t h e ke y
t he re o u . No t i c e
th t t h
a e 3 rd of t h e S u bmed i an t h arm o n y i s al w ays d o u bl e d —n o t t h e r o o t (see page
Th e i n v si o ser n r are ly re so lv e o n
‘
S u m ed b i nt h
a ar m o n y ; t h f l l wi e o o n g, h w v
o e e r, ar e po ssibl e
 M E L O DY A ND H AR M ON Y 1 21

4 . Th e r oo t p siti n f t h D
o o o e o m n an i t 7 t h ch s lvi n g u po n To nic h ar m
o r d , re o o n y 1 8 n o t o fte n ,

u se d s ave at a P f ct c d
er e f a e n ce , or t he s
re a o n th at its eff e c t is so c o n c l u siv e and fi nal e g , . .
;

a r n o ve m — Saaat a ( O p .

I t is h o w ever very
, , e ff e ct iv e — e v e n in non -
c ad e n t i al p o siti o n s — w h en re o s l v ed u po n Sub
me d ia n t h ar m o n y e g , .

Bs nr u o vhm — So n a t a ( Op .

7 7 VI
v vi v
t pt c
.

In e rr u ed Cad e n e .

’ ‘
Q T hi s s
r e o lu ti on, in t h e f o rm o f an In t e r ru pt ed C ad e n c will ls
e, a o be f o un d in t h e e x am pl e
Bee th v
o en o n p age 1 06 .

5 . i v si o n s m ay be fre e ly i n t ro d uc ed i n
Th e n e r t he c s o ur e o f a p hr as e , an d ar e o ft enve ry
s f l
u e u v
in g i i n g ac er t ai n grac e a n d e l a stic ity t o t he mu si c g ,
e . .

BEE TH O VE N —So na . t a ( Op . 1 4, N0 .

(x ) O b s v th t
er e a a pe rf e ct 5t h m ay al w y s b f ll w
a e o o ed by a D m i i ish n ed 5t h .

. Fr o m t h e e x am pl e s i n Se ti o n s 3
6 .
c an d i t will be s een t h at t he 8rd an d 7 t h o f t he cho rd
5
v
u s u ally mo e in t h e s am e m ann er i n t h e i nv er si o n s as in t h e o o t p o siti o n ; bu t w h e n (as o fte n
r
1 22 MEL ODY AND HAR M ON Y .

h appe n s ) t h e 2n d i n v er si o n o f t he D o m i n a n t 7 t h p ro c ee d s to t he fi t i v si o
rs n er n of t h e To n i c

cho r d, t h e 7 t h — in st e ad o f f alli n g o n e d eg ree — m ay r ise a w ho le t o ne , as in E x .

( b) bl we o

( Re s o lvin g ct T ic s lv i v si ic) “
on of Ton
on di r e on ( Re o in g on l st n er

NB th s t ( X ) q it j s tifi bl
—
Th e two 5 a are u e u a e an d of go o d e ffe ct ; a dim n i i sh 5t h m ay a
ed lw y a s

b f ll w d by p f ct 5 t h p vi d d th t th y d cc b t w th
. .

e o o e a er e ro e a e o no t o ur e e en t h e bass an d o n e o f t h e o er

p ts f th h m y
,

ar o e ar on .

Th e fo ll wi o ng e x t act ill u st rat es t h e e ff e ct i ve

r use o f t h is f o r m p ro gr e ssi o n
of

Mo m m a —S t i A
on a a n .

Th e i n v e r si o n s o f t h e D o m i n a n t 7 t h
7 . o r d ar e , f u r er o f c o n si d er a l e al u e i n t h e ch th , b v
v c t t
pr es er ati o n o f o n i n ui y i n a m u sic al p ass age , fo r by t e i r m ean s it is p o ssibl e t o a o i d t h e h v
q t cc
t o o f re u e n o ur r e n e o f d i re t Pe r fe ad en e s c c
If e it er (o r o t ) o f t he o rd s o f a ad en e ct c c . h b h ch c c
be i n ver t ed , t h e e ff e of ct c c
o n l u si o n a t t h e e n d o f a p r a s e is m i n i m iz ed , an d t h e fl o w o f t h e h
c c
mu si is no t h e ck e d t o any appr e i a bl e e xt e n t e g c , . .

PH RA S E -
E ND I NG S .

( T o n ic ch o rd in v t e r ed .
) (D o m i n an t ch ord i v te d )
n er .
( Bo th ch o rd si v t
n er e d .
)

In e ac re o u o n , h s l ti
ere o re, t he e e ff e th f b st ct i s p d c ro u ed w h t h 7t h i t h s c d i v si f th
en e n e e on n er on o e
h
c o rd f o llo w s t he m o v em en t of t he ba s s If h s a t i f lls t t h o e ro o t f t h T ic ch d t h 7 t h w ill l s f ll
o e on or e a o a
it w ill is l ik m Th f ll wi g i s h w v
,
.

if
s ic ch
p ss is
'

e t o t h e 3 t d o f t he T o n o rd , t h e 7 t h i
“

r .
r e n e an n e r . . e o o n , o e er,
o i e

t he do u bl ing of
“

b ss t he a of t he m a o r j ch o rd o f t he 6 th b i e ng j s tifi
u ed by th e mo v em t en to an d fr om t he
do u ed bl no e t by s te p i c , n o n t rar m o on y ti .
1 24 MEL ODY A ND H AR M NY O .

In t h e s l ti o n upo n
re o u Su m e db i an t h arm o n y ,
bo t h ch o rd s sho uld be c om pl ete , e .
g .

9 . In t h e i nv er si o n s i t is r are ly d esirable t o
,
om it an y n o e o f e t ith er t h e D o m i n an t 7t h
ch ord o r i t s r e s o l u ti o n t h e r o o t o f t h e D o m i n an t 7t h a c ts as a bi n d i n g t o n e bet w ee n
-
t he
two

10 . The n o t s q i i g s l ti ( v iz
e re u r n re o u on .
,
t h e 3 rd an d 7 t h ) m ay b e
, t
sfer re d fro m part
r an to
p art p v i
,
ro d ed t h t t h y s l v gu l ly i
a e re o e re ar n t h e ar p ts in w h i c t h y l st appe ar e g
h e a ,
. .

Bs s r n o s .
— So nata (O p . 1 0, No .

ll At
. lso t h e 3 rd o r t h e 7 t h t em po rar ily d is app e ar s fro m t h e ch or d w h il e t h e
ti m e s ,
a ,

D t h arm o n y l a sts ; bu t w h i c h e ve r n o te is t h u s fo r t h e m o m e n t o m i t t ed m us t s t i ll res o lve

o m i n an ,
s s o o n as t h e h ar m o n y c h an e s
a
g

( 7t h t mp
e o r ar i ly om itt ed ( 3rd p ily m it t d
t em o r ar o e
f ro m sc e o nd ch o rd .
) f m s c d ch d )
ro e on or .

The re o us l ti s d s c ib
on e r ed i n Se cti s on 1 0 an d 1 1 are o ft en t e rm e d O rn a m e n t l s l ti
a re o u o n s.

Th e o ld e r m a e r s t s h ow v s l l y p f d t w it t h 2 d i v s i
e e r, u u a re e rr e o r e e u n er on of t h e D o m in an t 7t h w i t h
wh ch d b c m i d tic l w ith t h D i m i i s h d t i d f it s
,

ou t t he r o o t , en t h e or e a e en a e n e r a o t h e L e ad i n g n o -
te in l st
v si x pl f m H d l s M ss i h pg
,

( S ee e am
’ "
in e r o n . e ro an e e a ,
on a e
 MEL ODY A ND . HAR M ON Y . 1 25

12 .It . is
v er y ra r ely goo d fo r t w o n o e t s st d i g 2
an n a nd, 7t h o r 9t h apa t r t h e ro o t an d
c D i t
7 t h in t h e h o r d o f t h e o m n an 7 t h ) , t o m o v by si m il
e ar m o on to a ti u n is o n or an 8v e

( Po ss ibl e)

PRE L I MI NARY .
( KE YBO ARD ) X E R CI SE S U PON THE CH O RD
E OF
T H E DO MI NANT 7 m .

A . Pl ay t h e ch o d o f t h e D o m i n an t 7 t h i n v a i o u s k e ys ( m j o a n d m i n o r)
r r a r ,

po siti o n s Pl a y th e s e ch o rd s fi r st i n c l o s e p o siti o n ( wit h o n e h an d ) th u s z

.
,

and f
a t er wards in ext e n d ed p o siti on ( w i th b o th h an d s) ,
e .
g .

B. I n ser t a c h o d at e a c h x t o r e so lv e t h e ch o d s o f t he D o m i nan t 7 t h s atisf acto r ily

r ,
r .

Th e r e so l u ti o n s h o u l d be u po n s o m e f o m o f To n i c h a m o n y u n l e ss o t h e w is e spe c i fi e d
r r ,
r
 1 26 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ONY
'

.
.

I nse t a sui tabl e p o siti o n o f t h e ch o r d o f t h e D o m i nan t ch fo ll wi

'

0 . r 7t h at e a x i n t he o n
g
p ass age m ai n t ai ni ng t h e a p eggia t e d form o f a cco m p an i m e n t
, r

D . Harm o n iz e t he fo llo w i n g fr agm en t s of me l o d y in v a i ou s m aj o r r an d m i n o r k eys ,

i n tro d uc i ng s o m e i nversi on o f t he D o m i n an t 7 t h in eac h ( at t h e x )

,

E . P l ay t he fo ll o wi ng pro g e ss io n s i n v ar i o u s m aj o
r r an d m i no r k eys
7 7 7

7 7 7
V VI IV 1 V VI I v V
c

RE SO L U TIO N U PO N S U BDO M I NA NT H ARM O NY

~

13 .l e ss u s u al d i a t o n i c r e s o l uti o n o f t h e ch o r d o f t h e D o m i n an t 7 t h re m ai n s yet t o be
A
v iz t h at u po n a n i nve si o n o f t he S u b d o m i nan t c h o rd I t i s co m p ar a ti ve ly rare bu t
.
, r .
,

c an s o m e ti m e s be i n t o d u c e d wit h e xt r e m e ly h a ppy r e s u lts

r G e n e ally sp ea ki n g it is e ff ec ti ve
. r
w h e n e m pl o y ed
,

(i ) To d e l ay t h e s l ti o n u p o nTo n i c h arm o ny p ar ti c u l a ly at
re o u , r a
“
Fe mi n i n e cad e n c e
128 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M O NY .

PREL I MI NARY ( KEYBO ARD) E X E RC I SE S O N T HE RE S O L U T IO N O F THE

DO MI NANT 7 cm U PO N S UBDO MI NANT H ARM O NY .

F I n s er t a ch o d in e a c h o f t h e bl a nk sp a c e s t o r e s o l ve t h e D o m i n an t 7 t h e ffe ct iv ely
.
.
r ,
.

I nt ro d u c e t h e Su b m e d i an t e s o l u ti o n at (a ) and t h e S b d o m i nan t r e so l u t i o n at (b) T he

r
'
u .

a b s e n c e o f an
y spe c i al i n d ic ati o n i m p li e s t h a t t h e ch o d is t o be r e so l v e d u po n To n i c h ar m o n y
r .

G . P l ay t h e fo ll o wi ng p ro
gr e ssi o n s i n v a i o u s m aj o r r an d m i no r k e ys
r
— fi
7 7 7 7 7 7
I
h
V
c
IV I IV
c
V
0
I V
b
IV
b
V I V IV
b
7

V
b
I .

( Maj o r ke y o n ly ).
( Ma j o r k ey o n ly ).

H . fo ll o wi ng fragm en t s o f m el o d y in v a i ou s m aj o r an d
Har m o n iz e t h e r i
m no r k eys ill u s
,

t at i n g t h e Su b d o m i n an t re s o l u ti o n o f t he D o mi n an t 7 t h
r
(Th e i n t o d u ct i o n . r of t he D o min an t
7 t h ch o d in each p a ss age is i n d ic a t e d by a x )
r .

MEL ODI E S A ND BASSE S I NC L U D I NG TH E U SE O F TH E DO MI NANT 7m

CH O RD AND IT S
V ARIO U S RE S O L UT IO NS .

.I H ar m o n iz e t he f o ll o wi n g m e l o d i e s ; t h e pl ace s wh e e t h e D o m i n an t 7 t h s h o u l d be r
i n t ro d u c e d a e i n d i c a t e d by Ro m a n n um e a ls N B — Pa ssi n n o t e s are n o t alw ays sp e c i fi e d
.

r
( g r . .
) .
-
.

( r I r
i ‘ i
j . a t
(a) L ea v thi s n t
e
‘
o e u n h a rm o n i z c d .
 ME L OD Y A ND H A R M ON Y . 129

Va lse ( One . h arm ony in eac hb ar .

)

p oc o ri t . a:

IV

Beg i n t he b v ex cis th s
a o e er e u

NB —I n t he
“

f ll w i g x ci s
o o n e er t s w ithi
e no e n t he sq u ar e b ck ts
ra e are t o be l ft
e u nh ar m o ni z e d.
i t 7 t h i s i d ic t d by
. .

Th e u se o f a Dom n an n a e a x.

( In c l u d i n g Su b m e d ia n t s ti
r e o lu on .
)

Pa ss i n g
-
t
n o e.
1 80 ME L OD Y AND HA R M ON Y .

(No t e s w ithi n the sq u are b ck t s t

ra e o be l ft
e un h ar m o n iz ed .
)
A nd a n t e solenel le . mo l t o ores .

7
V
c
( Co n ti nu e s i m il l y )
ar .

7
V l I’
( Ke y A fl at m a o rj )
c ‘
P 7 1 ’
l
d

( S ee A pp e d i
n x B) .

r V I IV

( I n c l ud i n g Su b m e d i an t an d Su do m b i n an t r e s o l uti o n s ) .

N B — Th e
. . x d en o t s
e 3. Dom i n an t 7t h .

A n d ant e .

( V)
(S ti
r ng Quar te t ) .

V I II
'

b
Ke y Bb m aj o r .

(a ) T rea t thi s E n as a p ss i
a ng n o e-
t

N o t e —T h e f l l wi g x ci s i s f t h Pi n f t Th m l d y— s m w h t i
o o n e er e or e a o o r e. e e o o e a n t h e m an n e r of
s l ss fl i d i ch ct i s s h l d b fi ll d i ly w h b ss p t i s
.

Hayd n — i m o re or e or d h m n ar a e r, a n ar on e ou e e n on ere the a ar -

i d ic t
n a ed Th e d si d
e dre sity f t h h m y i s s h w by t h d i cti s T h
“
en o e ar on e n e re on
“
re e p ts F
ar
” “
our
p ts
.
,
”
ar , et c .

8 p ts ar .
 MEL OD Y A ND HAR M ONY .

N B —I n t h e
. . ne x t x ci s
e er e t h e D o m in an t 7 th s ar e i d ic t d by
n a e a x.

Cm i n or
0m i n or .

( Fe m . i
end ng .
)

iv ) t his x c is t h i t d c ti on o f t heD o m i n an t 7 t h is r a e ly i nd i c at e d t h e
é
Gavo t t e (I n
. e er e e n ro u r

st u en t m u st u s e h i s o w n di re s c ti i t h m tt
on n e a er . W h e n re sts o cc u in t h e b a ss p a t t h e i n n er
r -
r ,

p ts o f
ar t he h
ar m o n y sh l
o u d be sil t f c en sp or a o rr e o n d i n g p er i o d ) .

B mi
g
n or . G maj or
g ;
. D ma
A
j or .
P or es.

A cc ten e d p ssi
a n g n o e.
-
t
 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y 133

CH A PTE R XV I .

THE H ARM O NI C A S PE CT O F SU SPE NS IO NS .

1 . x er c is e s o n t h e u s e o f t h e t ie (Ch a p V ) will h av e sh e w n t h at a Su sp en si o n is a
TH E e . .

p u re ly l i c “ d e c o r ati o n an d t h a t i n n o c as e d o e s it fo m p a t o f t h e h a m o n y aga n st
m e od ,
r r r i

wh i c h it is so u n d e d It is h w e v e c u s to m ar y ( n d c n v e n i e n t) t o d e s c ib e t h e re l ati o n o f
.
“

, o r, a o r

S u sp e n si o n s t o t h e h a m o n y by n a m i n g th e m a cc o d i g t o t h e d ist an c e a t w h i ch t h e y st an d
r , r n

f o m t h e r o o t s o f t he v a i o s ch o d s agai n st w hic h th e y a e t a k e n
r r u r r .

A s it is p o ssibl e fo r e a ch o f t h e n o t e s o f a t r i ad t o be d e l a y e d by t h e n o t e n e x t alp h ab e ti c ally

a b o v e it t h e S u sp e n s io n s c o m m o n ly a v a il ab l e will c l e a ly be as f o ll o ws
,
r

( )
a A b o v e t h e ro o t o f t h e ch o d — t h e s u sp e n d e d 9 t h r .
*

(b) 3 rd 4t h .

(a) 5t h 6t h .

2 Th e o
. f ll o wi ng e x am pl e s will ill u st a t e t h e d e l ayi ng o f e ach o f t he n o te s o f t h e To n i
r

c o mm on c h o f C m aj o (in e ach o f its p o siti o n s) by t he n o t e n e xt ab o v e it It will be se en

o rd r , .

t h t this no t e i s so u n d e d as a co ncor d in t h e p ec e d i n g c h d ; t h is i s t e m e d its P ep ar ati o n

a r or r r .

Th e f o u t h p a t o f t h e h a m o n y is g i ve n i n s m all n o t e s so th at t h e e x ampl e s m ay be c o n si d e e d
r r r ,
r

fro m t h e s t and p o i n t o f e it h er 3 pa t o r 4 p ar t w iti ng -

r -
r .

(a) Ro o t d e l a y e d by n o t e ab o ve (fo r mi n g Su sp e n d ed 9 t h ) whi c h r e s o lv e s d o w n w ard s b y ,

st e p : 1 '

O bvi sl y
ou , t he a bo v e are m e re ly m l e o di cd c e o ra ti s
on of the f l l wi
o o ng p r o gr e ss i s on

(6) T hi r d d e l aye d by n o t e ab o v e (fo rm n i g Su sp en d e d re o s lv e s d o w n w ar d s by

s tep :
s
( S u p in Ba . ss ) .

No t t h e s spu end ed 2u d It w ill be re m em b e re d th t a t he S u sp s i en on a b v o e t he ro o t is al w ay s

d is t th s
.

t ake n a t t he c an e of a 9 t h, u

1 A
‘
l th
h ll th s x m pl s
oug a
g iv w ith f c t t h T ic ch d f C m j it s h l d b
e e e a e a re en r e e r en e o e on or o a o r, ou e
re m mb e d th t S spe re si s f t h 9 t h 4 t h d 6 t h m y b d d d t y t i d f t h k y (
a u en on o i v e an a e a e o an r a o e e o r an n er
s i f t h s m ) th t i s c c d t A S sp s i m y cc i y p t f t h h m y wh it i s in
,

on o e a e a on or an u en on a o ur n an ar o e ar on en
t h b ss it i s s lly c l l d t h l s t i v s i — t v y cc t d s c i p ti n
.

e a , u ua a e e a n er on a no er a ur a e e r o .
13 4 ME L OD Y AND H A R M N Y O .

(0) Fift h d l y d by t b v (f
e a e no e a o e o rm n g i Su spe n d e d 6 t h ) , w h i c h r e s o lv e s d o w n w a d s by st ep r

( Su sp . i n Ba s s
.
)

0 c
” 3“
3 Co m p are the e x m pl s g iv
thi s s cti with th s i C h p t V S cti 5
a e en in e on o e n a er , e on .

3 S u spe n si o n s r e s o lvi n g up w r d by st e p are o cc a si o n ally m e t wit h bu t t h e y are n o t o ft en

.
a s ,

o f go o d e fi ec t A n o t abl e e x c e pti o n is h o w v e t o be f o u n d i n t h e d e la yi n g of t he oo t of t he
.
*
, e r, r

To ni c t r i ad by t h e n o t e b el o w f o m i n g w h at i s u s u a lly k n o w n as t h e Su sp e n d e d L e ad i n g n o t e
,
r .
-

e.
g .

p sp
Co m ar e t h e Su en si onf dt p
r e e rr e o on ag e 35 w ith
b v the a o e. sp
Th e Su e n d e d L e ad n g i
t
no e, li th sp
un k e t he o e r Su en s i s i s l ly t k
on , s u ua a en ly g i st
on a ha n To m o
'

arm o n y, an d i t e en is b st wh
it s lv s p t h fi s t i
re o e u on e r n v sier f th t ch d
on o a or Th f ll w in g f m
e o o or o f Su sp
e n d e d L e a di n g n o e -
t
i s h w v cc s i l l y m
.

, o e e r, o a on a et with :

One or tw o of th s e S sp s i n
e r arer s ( u en o or R e ar d at ti son th y s
as e are om e tim s e n ee dl e ssly c lla ed )
I t w il l b tic d th t ch i s b l w it s s l ti
,

ar e g iv en h e re . e no e a ea a sem i t o ne e o re o u on

(a ) Th i d r o f ch d d l y d by
or e at blw e no e e o
Bx x r n o v s x .
—
Syi n p h o n y No . 7 .

A A

( 6) F ifth of ch ord de l aye d by no e t be lo w

E x ar u o v nx .
-
So na t a (0p . 2, No .

(0) Ro o t of ch o rd de l aye d by n o t e be lo w
WA G NE R . D i e M ei s te rsi ng e r .
13 6 ME L OD Y AND HAR M O NY .

PR EL I MI NARY E X E RC I SE S O N SU SPE NSIO NS I N H ARM O NI C WR I T I NG .

A An a lys e ;i n t h e li g ht o f t h e f o rego i n g re m arks t h e f o ll o wi n g 3 p a t v e si o n o f e x am pl e

,
-
r r

7 n a m i ng a ll t he S u sp e n si o n s i n t h e m a n n e r i n d i c a t e d i n Se c s
.

( )
a in C h pt
a V S
er . ee . ,
.

1 and 2 ab o ve

B . Re -
w rit e t h e fo ll o wi n g a s p ass age s o f si m pl e h arm o ny by re m o v ing
, all t h e Su sp en si on s
o cc u rr i n
g in t he m

i th
Beg n us
 ME L OD Y AND HA R MON Y
'

2
. 137

0 . I nt o d u ce Su sp en si o n s i n any o f t h e p ar t s o f t h e fo ll o wi n g p a ss age s w h e re yo u thi n k

r ,

t h e e ff e ct w o u l d be s a tisfa c t o y Co n fi n e y o u s e lf t o t h e S u spe n si o n s s h e w n i n Se c 2 a b o v e
r . r . ,

a n d t h e Su sp e nd e d L ead i n
g note
-
.

N B — Th f ll w i g d i cti
e o o w ith g d t t h i t d cti
n re on d re f S sp
ar si s sh ld b
o e n ro u on an u se o u en on ou e
c f ll y b s v d
. .

ar e u o er e

A S p us i t d i pl c
en s on s a n f th s t
n p w hi h i t i
a e o g i g t e no e u l d it i d ion bl ‘

c s o n o r eso v e , a n s es r a e

l
.

th t thi
a t s f no e l ti o h ld
r es o u t b on d d t th
s ou m ti m
-
no th S ep so u n ( ) t
e a e sa e e as e us en s i o n , u n es s i i

a pp earsi th B t (c) ( d ) d ( ) ( ii) i t i p p h d by t p i t m t t th o i on o e

n e as s , a s a , , an e ,
nor y s a r o ac e s e , n co rar

d i cti
re
f th S p
on o i e t (f ) —
us c p ti t t h g
en s on , a s a l l h han ex t ft fi t e e n er a ru e v i c i s no o en e e c i v e.
i e on o
I n an y th S p
c a s e, i e d it
us t f
en s o n a n l ti m t t pp
s no e o th m ct
r es o u t (g ) on us no a ea r in e sa e o a v e, a s a

be lo w .

( Go od )

( Po ss ibl e)
138 ME L OD Y AND HA R M ON Y .

D P l ay
w r i t e f o m m e m o ry ) t h e f o ll o wi n g p
an d ssi o n s ad d i ng Suspe n si o n s as
( r ro
gr e ,

at e a c h x To be w o k e d b o th i n 3 p art an d p ar t h arm o n y an d in m aj o r an d
.

t ed , . r -
4 -
,

mi no r k e ys u n l ss o th er wis e sp e c i fi e d
,
e .

(a) S u spend ed 9t hs .

(i) In Tre bl e

7 7
v I v 1

(n ) In A l to
X
7 7
1 v VI v I

( iii) I n Te n or

X X x

VI II V I II V
b
V VI II V
b
(Th e s e th ree e x ci s s i
er e n ma j k ys
or e on ly )
. 1

( i v) In Ba ss
X
7
v1 III i II v 1
b b h

( Th es e two e x ci s s in m j k ys
er e a or e o nly) .

(6 ) Su spend ed 4t h s' .

(i ) In Tre bl e :

(11) In Alt o

x x
7
IV I II VI
.
H
b
V I

( In ma j or key o n ly ).

( iii ) In Te n o r

'

7 ‘

v 1 Iv i V VI
'

1 11 IV IV
b
(In ma j or k ey o n ly ).

( iv ) In Ba ss
x x
7
I V
b
V I II VI b V
b
(In ma j or ke y on ly )
.
12
10 M E L OD Y AND H A R M ON Y ..

F . H ar m o n iz e th e se fragm e n ts o f Ba ss , i n t ro d u c i ng a S u sp e n si o n in e ach c a s e
( c ) (I 3 t n ly ) r s on .

(d ) ( In 3 p tsar on ly )
.

H I NTS U PO N T H E U SE O F S U SPE NSIO NS I N T HE H ARM O NI Z AT IO N O F

A M E L OD Y O R A BA S S .

8 . The p e s en c e
r of Su sp en si o n s i n a me l o d y is u s u ally i n d i c at e d und er the fo ll o wi ng
c o nditi o n s
( ) If a n o t e is t i ed o ve r t o a st ro n ger a cc e n t f ro m
a o ne s

less strong ,
an d th en pro c e e d s b y
s t ep (u s u ally d o w n w ard s ) th u s ,

( Ba d h a rm o n iz ti
a on ) (Go od h ar m o n iz ti
a on )

( b) If a n o t e s o u nd e d o n a w eake r p ar t o f a bar is s t ruck aga in on t he ne xt st ro n ge r acc e n t ,

an d th e n si m il a ly m o ve s by st e p t h u s
r ,

Th e C in thi s 2ch o rd has m u ch of t he e ff ct

e of a Su sp si
en on .
 ME L OD Y AND H AR MONY .
141

( c) If th e re is st ro n g ly m a k ed
-
r Syn c p ti
o a o n, s u ch as t he fo ll o wi n g

( Go o d )

i l d ily b f lt by c
It w l re a e e , om p i ar n g t he b v t w v si s th t t h “ p s h c s d by t h Sy c p
a o e o er on a e u
”
au e e n o a
iz ti n by s m s t f d i ss c w hich t h S sp s i
,

ti on ly b
c an li d i
on e r ea z e n t he h ar m o n a o o e or o o n an e, e u en on
a d q t ly s ppli s
e ua e u e .

9 lt h o u gh t he f o r e go i ng d i e c ti o n s are giv e n in c o nn e xi o n w i t h t h e h a mo n iz ati o n

. A r r of a
m e l o d y t h e y apply i n pract i c ally e q u al m ea s u e t o t he t r e a t m e n t o f a b a ss p ar t e g
, r , . .

(We ak ) ( Go o d )

ME L ODI E S AND BASS E S C O NT AI NI NG S U SPE NS IO NS .

G . f ll o wi ng m el o d i e s The Su spe n si n s i n t h e fi st e x er c is e s are u s u ally

H arm o n iz e t he o . o r

i n d i c at ed by ti e s i n v a r i ably so ; wh ere a ny re as o n abl e d o u b t c o u l d e xis t in t he m at

,
bu t n o t
t e r 9 Su sp e n si o n i s m ar k e d wit h a
,
. x .

r
— _
i r
Key F ma j or
. Key A min or .

A cc t
en e d Pa ssi ng n o e :
-
t
1 42 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ON Y .

N B —In t h e
. .
f ll w i
o o ng e x ci s
er e t he A l t p t i s giv
o ar en a dd p ts f
ar or Tr e bl e, Te n o r , and Ba ss .

( i v) Te no r p a t giv e n
r : ad d p ar t s fo r T re bl e
,
A l to , an d Ba ss .

( v ) Fill u p t he ha rm o n y of t he fo ll o w i ng : t he p ar ts m ay c ss cc si
ro o a o na lly . U se
o cc asi o n al r e sts .

Vi l i
o n I .

Vi l io n II .

Vi l o a .

’
Ce ll o.

H . t h e se b a ss e s c o n t ai n i ng Su sp e n si o n s as i n d i c at e d
H ar m o n iz e Add , . o cc sia o na l
Su spe n si o n s in a n y o f t h e u pper p ar ts wh e n t h e e is n o S u sp e n si o n i n t h e b ass
, r .

(3 p tsar o nl y)
.

(4 ram )
144 MEL OD Y A ND H AR M ON Y .

11 . bi gu i t y all u d e d t o i n Se c l O a ise s f o m t h e i d e n tity o f t h e fi gu r i n g O f t he

Th e am . r r

S u s pe n si o n s in m a n y c as e s with th a t o f o th e ch o rd s T h e fi gu i n g o f t h e 1 n v e r t ed po s i t o n s
'

r . r i
, ,

o f t h e S sp e nd e d 9 t h f o
u e x a m pl e is app e n tly t h e s am e as t h a t fo r t h e ro o t p o s i t o n l st
, r ,
ar 1 ,

an d 3 d i n v e s i o n s
r e sp e c tiv e ly o f a c h o r d O f t h e 7 t h
r , r ,
.

I n s u ch i n st an c e s t h e f ac t o f o n e o f t h e n o t e s m o vi n g w hi le t he res t of t he c hor d ema n s

,
r i

sh o u l d be s ffi ci e n t t o w arn t h e st ud en t o f t he p o ssi b ility o f a Su sp en si o n Wh e e v e a d bl e

u . r r ou

s e t o f fi gu e s is f o u n d s u ch a s 7 6 e m e m b e re d t h a t it i s t h e s econd
r
27 g 273j , it sh o u l d be , , , . r

fi gu e o se t o f fi gur e s w hi ch i nd i ca t e t he rea l ha mo n y t h e fi st m erely s h e wi n g t h e s u sp e n si o n

r ,
r ,
s r , r .

T h e ab o v e th e e f o e r e p e s en tr e sp e c ti ve ly
r a 6 (o
r l et i n v e r si o n ) a g(o r 2u d i n v er si o n ) a
,
r ,
r , ,

o r d i e c t t i ad 1 s t i n v e r si o ) t h e Su sp e n d e d 9 t h in t h e b ass )
g ( r
) an d a r
(g) ( o ,
M o r eo v e
3 : r ( n . r,

sh o uld n o t be c o n f u se d with 3 (w i t ho u t t h e li n e s Of c o n t i n u a ti o n ) si gni fyi n g t h e 3 d in v er si on ,

r

of a c ho d o f t he 7 th
r .

X E R CI SE S
E .

I . H ar m o n iz e t h e se Fi gu re d Ba ss e s c o n t ai n i n g Su sp en si o n s , in fou r p ar t s :

9 8 7 t6 6 7 6
tfi
6 4
t5 6 9 8
, _
z $3
3

No t e — Fo r f th ur F gur e d Ba
er i ss s i cl
e n u di n g Su sp s i s t h s t d t i s f d t
en on e u en re e r re o the Au th s or
’

x ci s s in t p i t l ti (J s p h Wil li m s Lt d )
,
3 50 E er e H arm o n , Co un y er o n an d Mo d u a on .
”
o e a , .

DO UBLE A ND TR PL E I “
SU SPE NS IO N S .

S U S P E NS IO N OF A W H O L E H A R M O NY .

I2 Su sp e n si o n s ar e o ft e n
. fo und o cc ur r n g i in t w o or m o re p ar ts si m u lt an e o u sly of D o u bl e
S u spen sl o n s t h e f o ll o wi n g is a
.

b e au ti f l xu e am pl e
Ri c a — Pre l u de in F m i no r . For y e gt i ht
-
. Bk .

A nd a nt e .

( a) an d (d ) D ou bl e Su sp en si o n s o f 4t h an d 6th fr o m t h e D o m i n an t ( fo rm n i g t he f am il i ar 2g
p ro
gre o n) ssi
(b) A o u D bl e Su spe n si o n o f 9 t h an d 4t h fro m t h e To n i c
(0) n 9t h an d 4 t h f o m t h e Su p e r t o n i c
r
(t h e ch o rd bi
e ng tak en in i t s
fi st v s
r in er i o n ) .
 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ON Y .
1 45

13 . D ou b l e Su spe n si o n s al m o st alw ays m o v e i n p ar all e l 3 rd s o r 6 t h s as i n th e ab o v e ,

i nst an c e s ; t w o Su spe n si o n s a 4 t h o r a 5t h apart c l early c anno t be s u cc e ssfu lly co m bi ne d e g

.

.
, .

loll S

( Conse c 4 . ths ) .
mo vi ng i n 6 t hs .
)

(Go od )

14 . Th e fi s t i v si
r n er on of t h e To n i c ch o rd is o f ten de c t
o ra e d with a D o ub l e Su sp en si o n o f
9 t h an d L ead i g t th s
n -
no e, u

N o te — U .
pw ar d r e o
-
s l vi ng Su sp s i s
en on are f q re u en tly m o re ef ef ctiv e in c om bi ti na on th an wh en

tak l
en a o n e , e .
g .

BA C K —Pr e l ud e in F m ino r . BE E T H O VE N —Bo nat a ( O p 10, No

. . .

( Key A b m a j or .
)

15 . Tr ipl e Su sp en si o n s a e po ssibl e bu t r are s a v e i n t h e fo rm

r , , of the fam ili ar S usp e n si o n
of t he D om i n an t 7 t h har mo ny o ver t h e To n i c o r Su b m ed i an t b a s s

w h en all th t is a ne e c ss y t ar o r e m em b eri s th t t h a e no e t s of t h e Su spen d e d c h o r d s hou ld m ove

exac t ly a s if t hey had no t been su sp en d e d th u s
,
1 46 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ONY .

16 . Th e Su sp e n si on o f t h e D o m i n an th ar m o n y o ve r t h e To n i c b ass f o rm i n g a fin al c ad enc e ,

wi th a Fe m i n i n e e nd i n g is a e r y fre u e n t
,
v q an d ch a ac t er isti c fe at ure o f t h e p eri o d o f H ayd n
r ,

Mo z art t v
an d Be e h o e n , e g . .

A d ag i o
r
—
ca n t a bile
fi
. Har e m — So na t a in E [7 ( No .

In su ch c ase s t h e n o t e s o f t h e D o m i n an t h a rm on y O ft en ch an ge th e ir po s ition s w h en t h e
ch or d is so un d ed again s t t h e T o n i c b ass
Ra m on a — Sonata ( Op .

E X E RCI SE S ON DO UBLE SU SPE NSIO NS AND THE SU SPE NSIO N O F

WH O L E CH O RD S .

J . l y
P a t he o f ll o wi ng in vari ou s m aj o r and mi n o r k e ys , a dd n g i su it ab l e D ou b l e Su spe n s io ns
at x , an d a Su en sp si o n o f t h e w h o l e h a m o n y at I z r

x I
M
7
1 IV 1 v 1
b c
x x x
s y:
l

(In 8 part o n1 S usp e n sro n s l

i n Ba ss an d Tre bl e .
)
VI
b
Vb IV
b
I II
b
II
b
I
h (In m aj or key o nly ) .

7
( In 4 part s .
) II
b
i
h
V VI

K . Harm o ni z e t h e fo ll o wi ng fr agm en t s , t re at i n g t h e c om b i atio s m ark d wit h a

n n e x as Doubl e
Suspe n sw n s

c h o rd . )
c h ord
1 48 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .

C HA PTER X V II .

THE U SE S O F T H E ACCE NTE D PASSI NG NO TE O R “ A PPO G G I ATURA -

,
.

1 T HE i m p o t an c e o f Ac c e n t e d Pa ssi n g n o t e s i n t h e d ev e l o p m en t o f t h e m u sic al ar t c an
r -

h ard ly be o ve —e sti m t d fo r u n til m en fo u n d o u t h o w t o t ak e d iss o n an c e s up on t he ac cen t t h e

.

r a e ,

e l e m e n t o f p a ssi o n an d o f d a m a c o u l d be b u t f e e bly e xp ss e d Th e i n t e n si t y o f effe c t p o d u c ed

r re . r

by m ean s o f s u ch acc e n t e d d iss o n an c e s will at o n c e be felt i n t h e t w o f o ll o wi n g e x am pl e s

N —S t ( Op 8 1 ) T is t d Is l d
”
B H E ET O VE . o na a . c a . r nn . r an an o e .

A nd an t e esp r ess ivo . L e nt o e la ng u i d o .

2Th e d
. ishi
n u
g n
g m k
aisti
r o fpp i t
t h e A c p
o gg a u r a — a s o m ar e d t h e Su e n o n , t o with sp si
h i c it i s
W h s s s ki is j st t h is f li
i n o m e e n e a n— s u st
ee n g O f i n t en s i t y o r re to a u o n h as ss , whi ch ll si
bee n m a d e i n S e c 1 sp i lw ys t i
Th e Su e n s o n , a a . p p . p
en e r n g
“
r e ar e d , ro d u e
( at an y r a e , en c s t wh
ti littl
ed) e m o reth an asli ht
g i s f c whi ch iv s i t
r u dl n g o f t h e ur a e
g e n e r e s an d o n t o t h e m u ,
‘

t p i t si c
with t
ou t i lly ist bi its s
m a er a d ur ng ity t q illity
e re n or t
ran u No e t h e d ffe r e n e e ee n t h e i c b tw
sp si s x pl
Su e n o n i n E a m e (a ) e o b l w pp i t
and t h e A x
o gg a u r as i n E am e ( b) , o r o e g e n in pl t h s iv
S ec 1 . :
BA c n — Six. p tits p é l d s
e r u e , No . 4 . WA GNE IL Tr is t a n an d Is l d
o e .
”

A lleg r o g u i et o . L en t o .

3 . ch n ic ally t he d i ffe e nc e b e tw ee n t h e u n ac c e n t e d an d t h ac c e n t e d p a s si n g n o t e wil l

Te , r e -
*

be s ee n a t o n c e by a c o m p ar is o n o f t h e t w o sh o r t ph a s e s g iv e n b l o w r e

( Ac c

i s t ic l l y t h A cc t d P ssi g t
H or a , e en e a n -
no e (o r A pp
i t ) c m l t th t h U cc t d F
o gg a u ra a e a er an e na en e or
c t s d i ss c s w p m itt d i cc t d p s iti s w ith t b i g p p d Wh
.

e n uri e no o n an e ere er e n a en e “
.
o on t ou e n re ar e en, a
b g i i g f t h 1 7 t h c t y xp im t s w m d i t h d i cti t f d m i
. .

th
'

nn n
‘

e e o e e n ur , e er en e re f a
g e n e re on o a re a er re e o n
thi s m tt c m p s s s g ht t giv t l
a e r, o o er ou o e a ea st an
pp f c af m ity t t h x i s ti g l by
ea r a n c e o o n or o e e n ru e
w iti g t h c t d d i s
r n e ac c s m ll
en e so n a n e as a a no e, t t t h l ft f t h
o l t f t h h m y w hich
e e o e re a no e o e ar on ,

th s p s v
u re er ed it s f o rm er pl ca e on t he p i t dp
r n e ag e ! e .
g .
e i t
n en d e d so u n d .

T hi s m th e o d of no a t ti o n re m ain e d in u se u n til t he i
e a rl e r d ays
 MEL OD Y A ND H AR M ON Y .
149

4. A cc t
p assi n g n o t e s al th o ug h o ft e n u s ed t o p e s e ve t h e c o n t i nu i t y o f
en ed -

,
r r t he s c al e l i ne
-

( see C h ap IV Sec 3 (f ar e f e qu e n tly app ro ac hed by l e ap

. .
, . r

0 . If th y s lve w n w a d s t h e y a e u su ally d i ato n i c as in t he fo ego i ng e x am pl e s bu t

re o e do r ,
r , r

w h en th e y e s o lv e u pw a d s th ey s o un d be tt e r in t h e m aj o ity o f c a s e s at t h e d ist an c e o f a
r r , r ,

s em it o n e b e l o w t h e i r r e s o l u ti o n As a c o n s e q u e n c e o f t h is t h e y a e f e q u e n tly ch ro m a ti c e g
.
, r r , . .
;

In s ch
u a c s
a e, o ne of th s ch m tic
e e ro a
“
A pp it
o gg a u ra s m ay e v en be s o u nded i t
a g a ns t he
d i t ic f
a on o rm o f t he s am e n o e t w ith t b d fl ou a e
'

ec t

6 . Wh e n an a cc t en ed p assin g no t e is u s e d t h e re su lt is o ft en p u
-

,
r er wh en th e t
no e u p on
w h i c h i t is go i ng t o r e s o lv e is n o t s o u n d e d si m u lt an e o u sly with it e g ,
. .

th th
ra er an

E v en if the t
n o e o f re o u s l t i o n i s th u s s o u n d ed in t h e ch o rd , it sh o u l d n e v e r be a t so cl s o e a.

d i st an ce as a 2n d f om
r t he app o ggi a t u a r

( Possibl e)

N B — It is on ly t h st d t s g wi
e u en
’
ro n g a u ral p c p ti th t
er e on a c an r e a ll y g id h im i
u e n a ma tt s ch
er u

thi s s t c f ll y t s t t h s cc p t j ct it
. .

as He m u ar e u e e o und o f e a ch c om bi ti
na o n , an d a e o r re e i n ac qo rd an c

s d s s itiv ss l i m p ss i s
.

w ith i t s e fi ec t on th i c e n rea e en ene of h is e ar t v yi

o ar ng t o na re on .
150 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y .

7 . Wh en
t he o rd o f t h e ch
o m n an 7 t h D i t is d e c o ate d by acc e n t ed p assi ng n o t e s ab o ve
r -

the t
r o o , 3 r d an d 5 t h o f t h e o rd , t h e om na ch c b i ti on s p o d u c e d are o ft en spo k en o f as D o mi nant
r

9 th s 1 1 th s
d 1 3 *
ths sp c ti v ly
—
, a n ,
r e e e , e g . .

- -
r I i r 1
t
Roo posrt i o n . l st i n ver . 2nd i nvers10n .

"
p
A po giat ura
9 1:

r
— fl
Ro o t p siti o on .

Appo g
'

t
a ura
1 It

N B — Th e up w ar d
. .
-
re o s lvi ng A pp o gg a u rait 1 1t h i s s lly t
u ua oo h ard t o be of mu ch u se (see , h ow e v er,
Se c 8
. b el o w ) .

Roo tp st o i i on . 1 st m versron . 2nd i n er v . 3 rd v

i n er . Appogg . in Ba ss .

( H ar d )
. b v x m pl s
N B — All t h e q ll y v il b l i t h Mi
a o e f m e a e ar e e ua a a a e n e no r or of t h e k e y, w t he ith
n c ss y m d ific ti s s h w i b ck t s Th A pp ggi t 9 t h s l vi g
.

e e ar o a on e n n ra e e o a u ra re o n up w ar d s t o t h e 8 rd
f t h ch d i s l m s t i v i bly t h m j sc l g
.

o e or 6t h f t h m l di c m i
a o n ar a e a or o e e o nor a e, e . .

By t i hsm e n as t he r ou g h ff cte e of t he au g m e n e d t 2n d ( e .
g .
— A b— B h) i s v id
a o ed .

ss m p ti th t ch d s
On t he a u on a or are u s ll y f
ua by t h p c ss f o rm e d e ro e o ad d ng i s cc ss i
a u e on of 3 rds
b v c t i giv
a o e er a n t s th t sA e n ro o , e no e C , an d E i t he b v x m pl s b c
n a o e e a e e o m e, it w ill b s e e en , t he 9 t h ,
sp ctiv l y f m G t h t t th s
,

1 lth d 1 3 th
, an re e e ro , e Do mi n an ro o ,
u

Th e 1 1 t h an d t he 13 t h may be t ake n e q ll y
ua we ll 4t h an d 6 t h r o m t h e r o o ; t h e “ app o g
as f t
g i at ura
”
a b v o e t he ro ot, if re os l vi n
g do w w n ar d s , m u s t be at t h e d ist c
a n e o f a 9 t h (n o t a 2n d ) ro m f
1 52 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M NY O .

E X ERCI SE S O N T HE U SE O F T H E APPO G G I ATU RA “

.

A O nam e t t h e fo ll o wi n g p a ss age s by i t o d u c i g Acc e t e d p a ssi g o t e s

. r n n r n n n -
n
(or A ppo ggia
t u as ) wh e e p o ssibl e i n t h e T e bl e p ar t
r ,
r ,
r

fo ll o wi
(In t h e n
g b egi n as i n d ic at e d ,
an d u se o cc si
a on al u n acc ent e d p assi n g—n o t e s as w e ll as
App o ggi at u r as )

B . l y
P a , i n o ur ar , t h e f
o rd p ts ch Do m i n an t 7 t h (i n i t s v ar i o u s po siti o n s ) i n all k eys
of t he
ma j or an d m n o r — an d i
d e o ra e c t its se v eral n o t e s with App o ggi a t ura s ab o ve an d b el o w th em
(as sh w e n on age Pa e p e l c th se Appo ggi at u as in a ll t he p ar ts i n t ur n Re s o l ve o n
r .

To n i c h ar m o n y .

f ll wi
The o o ng e x m pl s w ill s h w
a e e a f ew p ss ibiliti s
o e

( App gg bo v
'

o . a e ro o t i T bl )
, n re e.
( Appogg . bv
a o e ard , in A o lt .
) ( Appogg . a o bv e st h, in Tre bl e .
)

( Appog g belo w 3rd, in Tenor )

.
. ( Appo gg . b elo w 3 rd, i n Ba ss )
.
 MEL OD Y AND HAR M O NY .
1 53

C . H arm o n iz e t he fo ll o wi ng f ra
gm e n ts at t he P i ano fo rt e u si n g Do m i n an t 7 t h h arm o n y
,

d uri n g t h e p re v al e n c e o f t he Re s o l ve on T o n i c o S u b m e d i an t h a m o n y
r r .

(a ) 6 5
D o m t 7t h . ha
8
rm o n y
7 ll
.

"
Q ‘ Th e a b v o e m g i ht b t e re a e d as t f ll ws
o o

( 6) 3' 2' 5 ( ) s 7 s 2'

‘
0

(d ) 6 5' -

|l
NB —Th e l i p c d i g pw d s f
ne ro ee n u ar rom l ft t i ght
e o r of a fig ur e n d i ic t s th t t h
a e a t
e n o e re p s t
r e e n ed

i s t b ch m tic lly i s
. .

by th t fi g a u re o e ro a a ra ed .

D . H arm o n iz e t h e fo ll o wi n g fragm en ts c o n t ai n i n g d o u bl e Appo ggi at u ras,wit h D o m i n an t

,

7th h ar m o n y (in va i ou s p o si t i on s ) an d e so lv e i n e a c h c as e u p o n I o r VI
r , r

E . Har m o n iz e fo ll o wi n g m el o d i e s In t he fi st fi ve ex e c ise s t h e i n d i c ati o n o f t h e

t he . r r

h arm o n i e s by Ro m an n u mer als will sh e w w h ich n o t e s are t o be t eat ed as App o ggi at u ra s o r r ,

a cc e n t e d p as s i n g n o t e s -
.

‘
1 IV v IV IV 1
b

1 I IV
b
“

( a) L ea v th s
e e e two no e ts un h i
ar m o n z e d .

II
b
V II
b
V
b
I IV
b
II
b
V II
b ‘
7
V
1 54 MEL OD Y A ND H ARM ONY .

( V)
( In f o ur p art s

( b) Th e c s c ti v 7 th s b tw
on e u e e een t he o u er t p ts h
ar er e a re q it u e g o o d ; t h e rul e a g a in st c on
f thi s ki d i s ft
wh l x ts c c ss ti o n e rn e d It w ill be tic ed
”
s ec u t ive s o n l o en re a ed e re u ne en a no e ar e . no

th t b th t h G D n d t h F
a o e ss ti l a e are une en a .
”
I

Nata — I n t h e n e x t th r ee m e l o d i e s t h e h ar m o n i e s ( s av e i n a fe w i n st an c e s ) ar e n o t sp e c i fie d ,

bu t t h e App o ggi a t ura s are i n d i c a t e d by a x

( a ) H arm o ni z e with 7 V .

In t h e rem a n n
g l i e s t h e p e s e n c e o f Acc e n ted p ass ing no te s i s o n ly rare ly
i i th r ee m e od , r -

ic t
i nd a e d A lt h o ug h t h e
.
t i i g o f w hi c h n o t e s o f a m e l o d y s h ou l d be t eat ed as
d e e rm n n r

un e se n t i al is a m a t ter c n ce n i n g w hi ch t h e p u pil s e ar an d gr o wi n g m u si c al s e n s e m u s t be ’
s o r
t h e gu i d e t h e f o ll o wi n g hi n ts m a be u s e f u l
, y
( ) I m st c s s t h h m
a n o
y sh l d t b ch g d m f q tly th t h t f m vem t
a e e ar on ou no e an e o re re u en an e ra e o o en
of t h p ls ( e u e C mp or th s t w p ss g s o a re e e o a a e

( Good h armo n y sp ced w ll ) a e .

( Bad h m yf
ar on ar t oo
c wd d )
ro e .

In sl w t m p th
o e f c s xc p ti s t thi s ; b
o e r e are , o o ur e , e e on o ut in s ch c as s
u e th e h a lf p ls
u e (as wri t ten )
t l y b c m s t h ct l p l s f t h m s ic
-

q
,

fre uen e o e e a ua u e o e u .
1d 6 ME L OD Y AND HA R MON Y .

(a ) Thi s s l s l ti
u nu u a re o u o n of t h e D om i n an t 7t h i s j st fi bl
u i a e by re a s on of t he m o v e m en t of t he
me l o dy
.

Va lse t r i s t e
.

( Plagal Cad e n c e end with a m aj or ch o rd

o f t h e To n ic )
. .

( Su sp s i s
en on an d A pp o
gg it
a u ra si t
n e rm i n g e d l .
)
 ME L OD Y AND HAR M O NY . 1 57

( Fo u r p ts )
ar .

G , H ar m o n iz e f ll wi ss
the o o n
g Ba , a o r d n g t o t h e n di cc i i c ti s s ppli
a on u ed by t h e R o m an
n u m er als Do
. ch s p c
n o t le t t h e o rd ro e e d m o r e r a d h an t h e pi ly t p ls s Wh
u e .b ss v s
er e the a mo e
i n c o t c h e ts
r c t
, l y
d e o r a e t h e m e o d o f t h e t o p ar i n u a e r , p t q v s by t h e u s e o f App o ggi at u as r .

( A d d t w Vi li p t s ) o o n ar .

II II II

II . Add one p ar t l e ss fl o i d n a t u re (ch i e fly i n q u av e r s a nd s e m i q uav e r s ) t o

of a m ore or r

t h e f o ll o wi n g u fi g u e d b o k e n ch o d a c c o m p an i m e n t (fo r
n r r -
r C o n ti n u e i n a si m il ar
m an n e t o t h e i n d ic at e d c o m m e n c m e n t
r e

A lleg ret t o .

(O n l y one h ar m o n y in ea ch b ar. )

D m i no r . G m i no r .

Fma j or t o t he end .
1 58 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .

THE FREE R TRE ATME NT O F PA S S NG N TE S I O — ANTI CI PAT IO NS -

. .

9 Al th o u g h it i s t h e m o st o b v i o u s an d n at u al t h i ng fo a p assi n g n o t e t o be a pp r o ac h e d
. r r -

an d q u it t e d b y t h e st e p o f a 2 d g o o d e ffe ct is o ft en o b t a i n e d f o m c er t ai n
u ,
e l a x a ti o n s o f th is r r

st ict t reat m e n t whi c h m ay be su m m ar iz e d as u n d e

r ,
r

(a) An u n acc en t e d p assi ng n o t e m ay ( lik e t h e App o ggi at u a) be ap proac hed by l e ap e g

-
r , . .

CL E M ENT L Grad u s ad Parn ass u m .

”

N B — It
. . w il l b s
th t t h p i g t i ch c s i s gw i t t d by s t p
e een a e as s n no e n ea a e e e .

Wh en a p assi n g n o t e appro ach ed by l eap r e so l ve s u pw ar d s it is u s u ally (agai n lik e

-

, t he
App o ggi at ura) b e st at t h e d is t an c e o f a s e m it o n e fr o m i t s e s o l u ti o n r

W — C c t ( Op anna o n er o .

( Im pl i d h
e ar m on y ) .

fl C o m p are t he b v p ss w ith t h h ss c s wh l t t ps
“ ed ect o f t he a o e a ag e e ro u g ne au ed by t h e o e -
o ne s e
at (w) , (y) an d (2 )

(b) A p assi ng n o t e m ay so m e t i m e s l e ap t o
-

a no e of t t he ch o r d ag a n i s t w h i ch i t is s o un d ed
b ef i t si
,
o r e r e so lv mg, e .
g
. M od er at o . WA GNE R . Die Me s er nger .
”

N B — It
. .
will b s th t t h i p
e e en a s ro c di g i i
ee n li tys xc p ti t t h e g
n r ea l l th t no e e on o e n e ra ru e a a
p ss g
a in -

t l
n o e r e s o ve sby s t p ; t h e e re o u s l ti f t h p ss i g t (A ) i t h b v x m pl
on o e a thn -
no e n e a o e e a e 11 on e
t i s ly d t d f t by t h l p t
.

G h m ar on y
-
no e on e e rr e or th m m
e o en th t f t h ch d E ) A
e ea o an o er no e o e or
sml d f i g f t h s l ti f p ss i g t t k s p l c i th fi g c ll d C h g i g t s
.

i i ar e err n o e re o u on o a a n no e a e a e n ”
-
e u re a e an n no e
pg 3 0) wh p ss i g t i s t d f s lvi g t c sk ips 8 d to m t h p i g te
-

(se e a e e re a a n n o e, n ea o re o n a on e, a r a o er
th s lv s g ass n no
-

an d e n re o e e .
,
.
1 60 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ON Y .

LBars 43

E X E R CI SE .

1 .
t fu lly u po n
Co m m e n all t h e u n e ss e n ti a l n o t e s i n t he fo ll o w in g p ass age ,
an d r e - w ri t e i t as
a pi e c e of pl i h a m n y
a n r o o m it ti n g all p a ssi n g n o t e
- -
s , et c .
)
 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ONY . 1 61

CHA PTER X VIII .

M E L ODI C M I NO R SC AL E I N C H O RD FO RM AT IO N
T HE -
.

1 . TH E H ar m o n i c M i n o r S c al e — as its n am e i m pli e s — pr o v i d e s t h e f o u n d at i o n fo r t h e
p r i n c ip al h ar m o n i e s o f t h e M i no r ke y It is p o ssi b l e h o w e v e r ( as h a s b een s e e n in c o n n e xi o n
.
, ,

with T w o p ar t Me l o d i c w r iti n g — C h apt er VI ) t o u se t h e Maj o r 6 t h an d t he M i n o r 7t h o f t h e

-

M e l o d ic s c al e i n t h e fo r m a ti o n o f c h o r d s w hi c h alth o u gh r e q u i r i n g s o m e c ar e in t r e at m e n t , ,

gre atly e n h an c e t h e po ssibilitie s o f t h e m i n o ke y an d are o ft e n t h e m ean s o f p o d u c i n g r ,

-
r
re m a rk a bly b e au t i f u l effe ct s Th e f o ll o wi n g a e t h e a d d iti o n al t r i a d s f o r m e d i n th is w ay i n t h e
. r
ke y o f C m i n o r

1 T i ds c t i i g t h M j 6t h
. r a on a n n e a or .

II . Tr i ds c t i
a o n a n in g t he Min or 7 t h .

2 . s l c o nd iti o n u n d e w h ic h t h e ab o v e c h o d s m ay be s u cc e ssfu lly i n t ro d u c e d is

Th e u ua r r

th a t t h e n o t e o f t h e Me l o d i c s c a l e s h o u l d p o c ee d al o ng t h e s c al li n e t h e m aj o r 6 t h up w ar d s
r e -

fr o m D o m i n an t t o L e adi n g n o t e an d t h e m i n o r 7 t h d ow nw ard s f o m To n i c t o
-

,
r

t hu s '

T h e dimi n i sh
t i d t h M j 6t h d ged r a h d ly v b s d i
on e a or e r e e c an ar e er e u e n it s t p s iti
ro o -
l th
o o n, a oug h
av il bl i it s l t i v s i
a a e n Th t i d s B
s
K
V nd VII i
er on. t p i ti e s r a an ,
f
n roo -
os o n , are u u a lly t s gg s tiv f
oo u e e o t he

R l tiv m j
e a e k y( h w v E
a or e s ee , o e e r, x .

N B — Th d i g l s t k d w d w w d s f m i ght t l ft th
e a ona ro e ra n o n ar ro r o e rou g h fig
a u re , th su :

si g i fi s t h 6 6h f t h M l d ic m i s c l ; a sim il st k f
. .

n f th m j
e e u se o e a or o e e o nor a e ar ro e r om l ft t
e o r ight
th s 5 VII t h m i 7 t h ( p vi S
,

u , e n or , s ee .
, ec .

1 Of th H m £ m i e sc l
ar o n/ 0 nor a e .
1 62 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ON Y .

N B —Th e m a
. . j or 6 th of t he M el o d i c m in o r sc ale sh l d ou no t be d o u bl ed .

3 . An y ch
o rd c t i i
o n a n ng i no r 7 t h u sually
t he m re q i st
u re o be fo ll o w ed as s o on as p o ssib l e
by a ch o rd c t i i
on a n n
g the L e ad i n g n o t e e g -

, . .

M s x ns t sso s x . R uy B a ls . So n a t i n a — Sonata in G mi nor.

oth wis t h t n ali t y sily b c

er e e o ea e om e s vagu e
i n d e t er mi n at e an d t h e
an d , mu si c m ay t en d t o h o ve r
s m w h t i m l ssly b tw t h
o e a a e e ee n e m i n o r k e y an d i t s s o c a ll e d r e l a ti ve -
ma j or e .
g .
,

C mi n o r or El
? ma j or .
)

4 . Th e u se , c ad e n t iall
y , of t he m i n o r 7 t h — i n t h e c h o r d p r e c e d i n g t h e fi n al To n i c — l en d s a
Mo d al fl av o u r to t he m u si c ,
e .
g .

w h i ch has b ee n v e ry e ffe ct i v ly e e xpl o it ed by m o d ern c om p o ser s ; h er e is t bl i s t an c e

a no a e n

A llegr o m a est oso .

Dv o riAK . Ne w Wor ld Symph y on .
1 64 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M O N Y .

D . Harm o n iz e t he fo ll o wi ng i nt ro d u c i n g a c h o r d c o n t ai n i ng
,
t
a no e o f t he m e l o d ic mi no r
s c al e at e a ch

(3 p ts )
ar .

(4 p ts )
ar .

E . H a rm o n iz e t h e fo ll o wi ng Fi gured Bass . Mar k with a x a ll t he ch ord s t h at ar e fo rm ed

f ro m t he m e l o d i c m i no r s c al e.

3 6 35 6 6

—m
(3 p ts )
ar .
r
(4 p ts t
ar o t h e e nd .
)

5 1: 6 h6 t 6 6 6 6

t
a a I
 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ONY 1 65
'

CHA PTER XIX .

M OD U L AT IO N .

1 . MO D U L A T IO N ( o r ch an ge o f ke y) o ne Of t h e m o st , s t iki n g an d v al u abl e e s o u rc e s o pe n
r r

to t h e m u i an , s ciau is c s e d by t he shifti n g of t he To n i c o ke y c e n t e f o m o n pit ch t o

,
r -
r ,
r e

an o th e r, e g
s chi gss chw
. .

"
SCH U MA NN . Fa n ank .

At fi st s
r u ed s p i gly
ar n b e tw en n e a ly el a t ed k e ys o n ly m o d u l ati o n h as b e co m e in t h e
, an d e r -
r ,

c o ur es of ti m m o re fre qu e n t an d c o m pl e x an d t o d y t h e e m o t e st k ys are b ro u ght i n t o

e ,
-
a r e
r e l ati o n to o n e an o t h e with a b o l d n e ss w hi c h w o u l d h ave b e e n u n t h i nk abl e a c en t u y ago
r r .

2
T h e gr e a e r d a r n g o f a e r
. t h w v i ply th t
r er i
d o e n o t , o e e r, m a l t w it s
an nd r m n a e u se s i isc i i t
of e xt l ti is
re m e m o d u a o n c c s is q it
t o be o m m e nd e d v s
Th e a e u e t h e re e r e , a n d t h e u d e n h as . st t
l th t c si
t o e arn a on bl is c t i is ft
dera e d re o n o tt c
e n n e ed e d i n t h e m a e r H en e hi s r e er m e n . fi st xp i ts
w ll
i c fi l ti b t w
be o n n ed t o m o d u a o n e k ys w h i ch
ee n s c ib
e ar e d e r e d as Nea r ly re la t ed , a er -
t m
appli th s t h t h v
ed t o o e a t b t s ch s c
a e t h e gr e a e r n u m e r o f n o e an d o rd in o m m o n * .

3 . Th e n e ar ly -
re l at d k e ys e to an y g iv e n ma j or or m i no r ke y -
c t e n r e ar e

I . To a m a o r ke y j -
c t e n re .

s c ll (a ) l ti v i
Th e ( o a e d ) Re a e m no r .

D i t j ( b) Th e l t i ve m i n o r
o m n an m a o r an d i t s R e a .

b i t j
(0) l a tiv e m i n o r
Th e S u d o m n an m a o r an d i t s R e .

II To a m i n o r key c e n t re .
-
.

( a ) T h e o c all e d ) Rel a tiv e m aj o

( b) The S
-
r .

o m in a n t m i n o r an d i t s Rel at iv e m aj o r .

( c ) Th e Su bd o m i n an t m i n o an d i t s R e l a tiv e m aj o r r .

Th e fo ll o wi n g d i ag a m s s h e w t h e “ n ea ly r e l a t e d r k ys r -
"
e of C ma j or an d C m i no r
r e sp e c tiv e ly
O M AJ OR . C MI NO R .

V
A m i n o r.

s t d t wi l l h v b s v d th t i s t c s f m d l ti h v l d y cc d i m y f hi s
Th e u en a e o er e a n an e o o u a on a e a re a o u r re n an o
re vi s x ci s s Th s h w v h v i v i b ly b
ou e er e pl d f h im ; h c f w d hi s t sk w il l
e e, o e er, a e n ar a e en an n e or en e or ar a
t l h w t m d l t f hi m s l f with s d c t i ty Th p i i s t g i st sh ld v b
.

o e ar n o o o u a e or e e a e an er a n e an o r o r an ou ne er e
ti s fi d til h d thi s d il y t t h k y b ly p p
.

sa e un e c an d ot m rea , a e e -
oar , no e re on a e r.
1 66 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y .

4 si n gl e ch o rd in t h e c o u s e o f a mu sic al p ass age c an be s ai d t o d efi ne o r e s t ablis h a

No r

A lt h o u g h he t w o e x am pl e s g i v e n b e lo w e n d re sp e c tiv e ly u p o n t h e c h o d o f G a n d t h e
.

ke y ‘ t r

c h o rd o f A m in o P ft h ey d o n o t pass f o m t he key o f C m aj o r (in wh i ch th e y b egi n ) t o t h e keys

.
'

f r

o f G m aj o a d A m i no r fo r t h e e a s o n th a t th ey c o n t a i n n o c h o d s o u t s id e t he bou d s of t he
n r, r r n

key of C i t se lf :

Ih o r d er k e a m o d ul ati o n it is n e c e ss ary ( i ) t o i n t o d u c e s o m e ch o d n o t i n t h e
to ma r r

o r i g i n al k e
y ( ii ) t o f o ll o w it by s o m e o th e
,
c h o r d w h i ch t o ge t h er wit h it will d e fi n e t he n e w
r , ,

key . C o m p ar e t h e f o re go i n g e x am pl e s (a ) an d ( b) wit h e x am pl e s (0) an d ( d )

Key A m i no r .

N B — Th e
. . ch o rd of t he D o m i n an t 7t h s cc
u e ed ed by th t a of t h e To n ic , w i ll s lly
u ua de t e rm i n e
a ke y .

5 . In o rd e r l at e s u cc e ssfu lly b e tw ee n any t w o k e ys it i s c l e a ly n e c e ss a y t o s t

t o m o du ,
r r e u
p
s om e s or t of c o nn e xi o n b e tw een t h e m ; a plu n ge s u c h as t h e fo ll o wi ng is si m ply a bs u rd

Theq i sit c xi m y c sist (i)

re u e on n e on a on o f a c hor d c o m m o n; t o t he t w o keys , a pp ro a ch ed as
b l gi g t t h fi st d q itt d p t f
e on n o e r an u e as ar o t he se co nd ,
e .
g .

HA NDE L . Me ssi ha .

( w) iv t ch
P o -
o rd b tw k ys
e een e of D an d A
b twe k y s
.

( y) Pi v o t ~
c hor d e en e of A an d D ,

it A mo m en t s th g ht will b
’
ou e en o ug h t v l t h f ct th t t h ch d
o re ea e a a e or of j
C m a o r (t o ta ke a s i m pl e
in st c
an e) can b l g d t m lly t
e on ia o ca o fi ve k ys i — C G d F m j ;
e , v a , an a or a n d E an d F m i no r .
 1 68 ME L OD Y A ND HA R M ON Y .

7 si e n t m o d l ati o n s t h e p i n c ipl e o f t h e piv o t n o t e is p a t i c u l a ly u se ful and in

In t r an u r -
r r ,

t h e c ase o f n e a ly e l at e d k e ys t h e c o m m o n n o t e c an i n m o st c as e s be f o u n d i n t h e To n c
.

r -
r i
,
.

ch o d o f o ne ke y an d t h e Do m i n an t 7 t h o f t h e n e xt e g
r ,
*
. .

Th e piv t o -
no e t ne ed no t a pp ea r in t he s am e p ti
ar n t he t w o ch o rd s

If a s eri e s o f t ran si e n t m o d ul ati o n s is c a r i e d o ut i n t his w ay r , gr e a t c ar e mu st be t ak en to

av o i d a m e ch an i c al an d p o v er ty st i c k e n r e s u lt lik e t h e f o ll o wi n g
-
r

in iw h ch e ac h k ey is i n t ro d u c e d b y t h e ro o t po si t i o n o f t h e D o m i n an t -
7th cho rd , fo ll o wed by t h e
To n i c ch o rd also i n o o t po si t i o n wit h i rri t at i ng p e sis t en c y
,
r -

,
r .

hi s p i ci pl i s ls s
T wh r n e a o ee n e re — as not i f q
n re ue n tl y h pp s —t h a en e Dom i
n an t 7 th of o ne ke y
e s lv s p t h D m i t 7t h f th th s
“

r o e u on e o na n o an o e r, u

ss s lik ft f c s tit ti s is t s iti l i t 7t hs

'

Pa a ge e t h e fo llo w in g ar e o en o un d , on u ng a er e of ran o na
”
Dom n an

O bvi s y
ou l t he o n ey ly k s th t
a are a t a ll c l l y s t bli s h d
e ar t h fi ste a e a re e r an d t he l st
a b v in s t c
(in the a o e an e,
j
0 m a o r an d D ? m a o r ) , t h e o n a y e j t l it b tw th s t w p i t s b i g
een e e o o n e n r e n d e re d i t ti lly v g by t h
n en o na a ue e
abs c
e n e o f an ord ch s fi
d e ni ng t h e ke ys f F B7 E b d A ? m j
o an a o r , s u g es t e
g d i t by t h D m i t
n u rn e o n an
th s th s
, ,

7 of o e e ys .

N B — It w i ll b b s v d th t i x m pl
e o er e a n e a e ( 0) t he p iv t o no e t is not act u al l y so u n d ed e v e ry ti m e,
m i ss i ch l t
. . -

ow m g f t h 5 th i t ch
‘

t o t he o on o e n ea a e rn a e o rd .
 M E L OD Y AND H AR M ONY . 1 69

Th e fo llo w in g is c l e a ly mu c h b tt wi ng m o re me lod iou s t of

‘

v er s io n r e e r, o t o t h e far n a u re
t he b ass

v h er e t h e m l ti o n s p e h aps c wd is fo r b e t t e sp a ci n g o f
.

Bu t e en odu a ar e r to o ro e d , an d t he n ee d a r

t he h a rm o n i e s g ,
e. .

M o d era t o .

'

p oc o m t .

Th e fo r e go n g x m pl s il l s t t
i e a e u ra e a pi t
o n of s om e i m p t c i th t wh
o r an e, v z a en a no et
i s i fl ct d by cci d t l i fl cti s h l d s ll y b m
.

o f o ne ch d or n e e an a en a in t he ne xt the n e on ou u ua e ad e in t h e
s p t;
,

am e ar

Th e neg e l ct of thi s p c ti reft c s s t h f l t

au on o en au e e au kn o w n as Fa ls e R e la t i o n , w hich m ay e v en
o cc b tw
ur e e en two ch d s s p t d by i t v i g
or e ara e an n er en n o ne, e .
g .

A p ro g r e ss i likon e t he f ll wi
o o ng is h w v
, o e e r,
qu it s ti s f ct
e a a o ry

(S ee a ls o bar 5 in Ex .
(c ) a o bv e
.
)

an d m an y tho er e x c p ti s cc e on o ur i n C ro m a h tic h m y ar on A ch ro m a tic p ss i

a n g n o e, o r
-
t A pp i t
o gg a ur a,
s c s F l s R l ti h p t XV II S
.

doe not au e a e e a on .
(S ee C a e r .

, ec .
1 70 ME L OD Y AND H AR M NY O .

E X E RCI SE S I N M OD U L AT IO N T O NE ARLY REL ATE D KE YS

-
.

A . Su pply t h e c h o d s n e c e ss ar y t o b r i ng e ac h o f
r t he fo ll o wi n g p ass age s to a c c l si
on u on in
t he re q i
u re d ke y

j
ma or .
) (F m a j o r to A m i nor .
)

(D m i nor to F m a j or .
) ( F m i n o r t o E D m aj o r ).

B . I n s e t at t h e as t e risk a c h o rd (o r ch o r d s as t h e c as e m ay be ) c o m m on t o t h e t w o k e y s
r ,

b e t w e e n whi ch e ach e x am pl e m o d u l at e s in o d er t o l ead n at u r ally f o m o n e key t o t h e th er

,
r r o
1 72 M E L OD Y A ND H AR M O NY .

E . Com pl e te t he fo ll o wi ng Pi f t pi e c e s
an o o r e , as i n d ic at ed .

b v x ci s p ss
In t h e a o e e e r e a f
( in o r d e r ) r o m G m n o r ro u g t he i th h k ys f E b m j C m i e o a o r, n o r,
i j i i c cl
G m n o r, D m a o r, G m n o r a n d C m n o r, o n u d n g i n G m n o r i i .

Th e e e r x ci s i l l s t t s
e u ra e t h e p iv t t p i
“
o no e
”
r n e a mo -
e u e ci pl l s t xcl siv ly d t h i v s i s f t h an e n er on o e
f ly s thi s c xi b s v th t f t cc m p i m t
,

i
D o m n an 7 t h t ch
o r d ar e re e u e d in o nn e on O er e a in Pi a an o o r e a o an en
s ch s st i t 7 t h m y b d b l d in th
.

u as t h e o n e u gge e d t h e 3 rd a n d 7 t h o f t h e o rd o f t h e D o m n a n ch a e ou e e
upp er an d m d d ei l p ts
ar of t he h y
a rm o n , e g . .

-
( Go od )

and t he c s c tiv
on e u e 8 ve s p ro d u c d th by
e q it p m i ss ibl
e re ar e u e er e .

Th e 3 r d an d 7t h, h w v
o e er, s h l d v b d b l d if ith
ou ne er e ou e e er o f th em i s i n t h e ba ss , e .
g .

Th e e fle c t o f t he c s c tiv s h
on e u e e re is , m o r eo v er, d i s ti ct l y b
n a d. ( S ee A pp en d ix B ) .
 M E L OD Y A ND HA R M ONY . 1 73

'

b v b i
I n t h e a o e eg n a n d e n d G m a o r , a n g ( in o r d e r ) ro u g j p ss i th h th e s
ke y o f D m a j o r,
G ma j i j
o r , E m n o r , G m a o r , A m in o r , B m n o r , G m a o r , a n d C m a o r i n t h e i j j c s our e o f t he e er e x ci s .

F Pa l y an d w rite sh o t r me lo d io u s an d r hy t hm i c l ph s s a ra e (t w o to fo u r to e x em plify
th e s e m od u l ati o n s
( i) E D ma j or to B7 ma j or .
(ii) D ma j or to G ma j or .
( iii ) F ma j or to D m i no r .

( iv ) D ma j or to E m i no r .
( v) A m aj o r t o C it mi n o r .
( vi ) B l) m i n o r to D b m a j or .

( vii ) C m i nor to G m i no r .
( viii ) F it m i n o r t o E m aj o r .
( ix ) G it m i n o r to C: m in o r .

(x ) E b m i no r to C D ma j or .

G .
(i ) Mo d u l a t e (i n a t ran si e n t m an n e r) f o m D m aj o th o u g h B m i no E m i no r r r r, r,

A ma j or an d G ma j o r, a n d th e n e t u n t o t h e o i gi n al k e y i n w hi ch a Pe f e ct c a d e n c e
r r r ,
r

is t o be m ad e .

( ii ) M o d u l a t e
si m il ly f o m C m i n o r th o u gh ar r r A Pm a j o r, F m ino r an d E D ma j o r, a n d th en
r e tu n t o C m in o
r c l o s i n g i n th at k e y r, .

2 “ E ch f th s x ci s s s h l d c s i s t f f
a o e e e er e ou on o ro m f o ur to e i g ht b s ar .
‘

TH E I I “
P IVO T -
NO T E
M OD U L ATI O N T O M O RE PR NC PL E A ND
DI STA NT KE Y S .

8 . Th e p i n c ipl e o f t h e piv o t n o t e m ay be xte n d e d s o as t o pro v i d e a m e an s o f

r -
e

m o d u l ati o n t o k e ys b y o n d t h e ra g o f th o s e c o m m o n ly c l ass ed as n ea ly e l a t e d Its m o s t

e n e r -
r .

u s ua l a ppli c a ti o n is th e n f a n o t e o f s o m e c h o d i n t h e fi r st k e y ( m o st f e q u e n tly a t i a d
or
) to r r r

b re t ai n e d t o f o m p a t e ith e r o f (i ) t h e D o m i n a n t 7 t h o ( ii ) an o th e t i ad ( e sp e c i a lly t h e 2 d
e r r ,
r r r u

i n v er si o n o f t h e To n i c c h o d ) i n t h e ne w keyxf r

Th e f o ll o wi n g a e a fe w o f t h e p o s s ibiliti s i n this di e c ti o n ; t o s av e sp a c e th e y a r e gi v e n
r e r

i n si m pl e ch o rd f o m t h e st u d n t sh l d e n d ea v o t o d e c o rat e t he m with p assi g n o t e s e t c

-
r e ou ur n -
, .

at t h e k e y b o ar d T h e y sho u l d a ls o be t a n sp o e d in e v e y i n st an c e
-
. r s r .

I F o m m aj o r c e n t e ( C m j o )
. r a r a r

(T E Dm j ) (T B l? m j ) o a or . o a o r.

(T o B m i nor or ma j or .
) (T o E m a j or .
)

1
( ) c

If i ic l ty i s t fi s t xp i c d i m ki g th s m
an y d ff u a r e er e n e n a n e e o d u a o ry l t p h s s hyt hm i c ra e r t he
a l, st d t
u en
m y b g i by s i g t h s ch m s
a e n p g 6 ith c m pl t
u n e e e on a e , e er o e e or in p ti s i d ic t d
or on as n a e by t h e sq u ar e

b ck t s
ra e

T I thi s c xi it i s s f l t m m b th t y t
.

n o nne on u e u o re e er a an no e of a ti d r a i n o n e ke y c a n b e r e g a r d e d a s
th t 3 d 5 th f t i d i s m th k y
e ro o , r , or th t o a r a n o e o er e , or as e ro o . 3 rd , 5 th ,
o r 7t h of D o m n an 7 t h it s o rd i t ch .
1 74 ME L OD Y A ND HARMO NY .

( To A m a j or .
) ( To A ma j or .
)

II . Fro m a m i n o c en t re (C mi n o r )
r 1

(T D ? m j ) o a o r. (T o D m i n or .
)

N B — Th e u se o f o n e of ts ti
t h e n o e o f a r ad t o o rm p iv t w ith t h
f a o
”
e n ew Do m i n an t 7 t h c h m-d
is s ll y g b tw th w h s pp s it m od is ly l t
. .

n o t u ua ood j e e e n a m a o r k e y a n d an o er o e o o e e
”
a n e ar -
re a e d ke y
ct f t h f ll w i l ti s w i l l i ly b c g i d
.

The c ru d e e ff e o e o o n
g m o du a o n r e ad e re o n z e

(C to D (C to E

0 ( V) 7

N B — Co m p ar e t h e b ad e f e of Exs f ct ( l) an d w ith E ( ) d
(m ) x s. e an (f ) a bo v e , an d (n ) w ith ( b) in
9 b l w wh s l ti s c i d t s cc ss f ll y
. . .

S ec . e o , e re t h e am e m o d u a o n a re ar r e ou u e u .
1 76 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .

I , Be g i n in t h e k e ys i n d i at e d c , an dl e ad n at u all y t o t h e gi v e n ch o r d s
r .

E x m p l ify t h
e p iv t t e o -
no e co nne xi i v y c s
on n e er a e .

( B l) m i n o r ) . E Dm a j or .

( a ) S ee re s
m ark i n S e c 9 . a b v o e .

J . H ar m o n iz e t h e fo ll o wi ng m e l o d i c f ra
gm en ts
ma j or to B ma j or .
) (D m i no r to C m i no r .
)

(C ma j or t o B Dm a j o r an d t h en ce
 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M O NY .
1 77

10 . pr i n cipl e o f t h e piv o t n o t e
Th e “ -
is ti m e s u se d by m od ern c o m p o s er s
at to link
t o ge t h e r a s u cc e ssi o n o f c h o d s b e lo ngi n g r to d i ffe e n t k e ys i n s u c h a w ay as t o c
r re a e t an
i n t en t i o nal v agu en e ss o f t o n ali ty e g , . .

Ga m e .

In t he a b v x t ct
o e s i gl k y i s s t bli sh d d fi d b t ch t i
e ra no n e e e a e or e ne u ea r ad hi t s
n a t , o r su g
st s w hich it i s t h T ic
,

ge , t h e ke y o f e on .

Fu r th m ks p
er re M d l ti
ar u w i l l b f d i Ch p t XX IX
on o u a on e oun n a er .

H I N TS ON H A RM ONIZ IN G A M E L OD Y .

X PRE SSE D AND I MPL I E D M ODU L AT IO N

E .

11 . A m o d u l ati o n m ay be c l e ar ly i n d i c at e d by t h e n o t e s o f a m e l o d y o r it m ay be m e re ly ,

i m pli ed . Th e t w o e x am pl e s gi v e n b e l o w ill u st r at e b o t h c a s e s
(E xp ss d m d ) re e ( Im p li d m d )
o . e o .

Th e m o s tt l and o bvi o u s h arm o n iz at i o n w o u l d i nv o l v e

n a ura a m o du l ati o n fr o m C to
G m aj o r in each p a ss age

It wo uld , of c s c
be p oss i ble t o o n si d e r ( b) as en ti r e ly in t h e ke y o f C ; bu t t h e l o n g
o ur e ,
t
n o e at t he e n d cl e ar ly s u gge sts t h e t e r m i n a ti o n o f a r yth m i p er i o d , an d a ar m o n iz ati o n h c h
s ch
u as t he f o ll o wi n g w o u l d be e r y f ar f e t v
ed an d st r a i n e d -
ch

It is s f u e ul to t th t m v
no e a o em en t d w w d s l g t h s c l li
o n ar a on e a e -
n e at t he en d of a ph s f q
ra e re uen tly
im l pi s e a m od u l ti
a on i t th k y
n o e e of w hich t h l s t t i s t h T ic
e a no e e on ,

(0 t F m j j
.

(C to A m i no r .
) o ) a o r. (C t o G m a or .
)

Th e f l l owi n g m i ght s
o u g ge s t ith
e er a m odu l ti
a on to D m i
n o r , o r an Im p f ct c
er e ad e n e c in C m a j or
17 8 M E L OD Y AND HAR M O NY .

NB
. .
—Ih t h e m i ds t of a ph s h w v
ra e , o e e r, t he f ll w i
o o ng v sier on w o uld be q ite
u ac c p t bl
e a e

12 h arm o n iz ati o n o f a m e l o d y i t is i m po ssibl e ( o n e alm o s t s ays for t a na t ely) fo r

In t h e ,

d e fi n ite ru l e s t o be l a i d d o w n as t o w h e n a cc i d e n t a ls sh o u l d be re gar d e d as s u gge sti n g ch an e s

.

o f k e y a n d wh e n th e y sh o u l d be t e a t e d m ere ly as ch ro m a ti c p a ssi n g n o t e s o r
r a ppo ggi at u r as -
.
,

A m e l o d y lik e t h e f o ll o wi n g fo i n st an c e ,
r

A n d an t e .

w o u ld be u t t ly
er r u n edi by ad o pti n g t h e fo r m er pl an
A n d an t e .

( Ver y bad )

(A m aj .
) ( B m in ) .
( E min ) (F f: m in )
. .

C l e ar ly t h e pass age s h o u l d re m ai n i n t h e ke y o f D m aj o r t h r o ugh ou t t h u s ,

A nd an te .

( Good )

v y c ase t h e ch a ac t er o f t h e p ar ti c u l ar m e l o d y t o be h a m o n iz e d m u s t o bv i o u sly be t h
In e er r r e
d eci i f c to r an d it is h ere th t t he m si c ality o f t h e st u d en t w ill be pu t t o t h e t e st an d h i s
d ng a , a u ,

au a l p e c e pti o n t a x e d t o t h e f u ll
r r It is q i t e fat al t o i m agi n e — as i n e xpe i en c e d h a m o ni sts
. u r r
o ft en d o — th a t t h p e s en ce o f an a c c i d n t l is o f n e c e ssity t h e si gn al fo t h e k ey t o be c h an ged
e r e a r

It m ay be ; bu t at l e ast t h e po ssibility o f its b ei n g m e e ly a d e co a ti ve u n e ssen ti al n o t e

.

“
r r

( as i n t h e fo r ego i n g e x am pl e ) m u st a lw ays be p re s en t in t h e s tu d en t s m i n d i n hi s end eavo ur t o

’

a rri v e a t a s u it ab l e h a m o n iz a t i o n " r

The x ci s s i s cc i
ee d n g h p t s wil l giv y p ctic hi s i m p t t
!t
e er e n u C a er e h im m a n o p po rt un iti es o f
‘

ra e in t o r an
ma er .
1 80 ME L OD Y AND H AR M O N Y .

4 In t he m u
. si c
o f t h e o d er l
r er
(see e a m e w it s x pl f o m Co e lli in t h e fo o t n o t e b el o w ) t h e
r r -

7 t h — t he d o n an iss t t
n o e — w as a a p r ep ar ed i e lw ys s o u n d e d as a c o n c o d i n t h e p e c e d i n g
, . .
,
r r

ch o r d an d i n t h e
, am e ars p t
L a er o m o e r ree . t c p s s f ly d isp e n s e with t h is p e p ar at io n w hi c h r ,

h w v
o e e r, o e n en d oft t s t w s s
ard m o o ne o f e ffe
*
th ss ct .

5 . Se c o nd ar y ch o d s o f
r t he 7t h, h vi
a ng fo u r n o t e s o bvi o u sly p o ss e ss t hr ee i n v e si o n s
,
r

1"
i s p b bl t h t t h S c
It ro a e a e e o n d ary 7 t h ar o s e in t h e fi s t i st c f
r n an e rom a de vic e t
d a in g f
ro m th e
1 7 th c t y by whi ch
en u r s sp s i, a u en on o f 7 6 , su
-
ch as t he o f ll wi o ng

w as b lli s h d by m ki
em e e a ng the b ssa mo v e a dt b u p or a 5t h d o wn at t he s am e m o m en t th ta t he
s sp si s l v d th s
,

u en on re o e ,
u

wh en t h e 7t h ro m t h e af b ss c s
e a e d t o be a m er e u en o n , a n d s sp si b cm
e a e an e ss ti l p t
en a ar of a ch or d of
t he s lv
7t h re o ing u o n a n e w ar m o n p o se r o o h
w as a 4 t h y wh t hi gh er. Se q u en cs e of su ch ch o rd s are
f q tl f w ks li st s
.

re u e n y t o be o un d in t h e or o f t h e e ar e r m a er , e g . .

C o nE L L r .
—So nat e d a C am era ( No XI) . .

T he a o b v passag i s cl
e e e ar ly a de v l pm t f
e o en ro m a s iser e of 7 6 Su
-
sp s i s
en on
 M E L OD Y A ND H AR M ONY . 18 1

6 . Th e ch s
o r d o f t h e 7 t h u o n t h e Su er o n an d p p t ic Med i an t o f t h e Harmo n i c m i n o r s c al e ,

i t sh o ul d be r e m e m e r ed , o n ai n r e e e b a d m c t sp c tiv ly i i n is h ed and an au gm en te d 5t h e ach o f ,

wh c i h r e u r e t o be r e o e d — t h e o r m er d ow n w a r d s
q i s s lv f b y st e p o f a s em it o n e t he l att er up w ar d s ,

by si il t p
a m ar s e , e g . .

7 . Cer t a i n Se c
y 7 th s (p ar ti cu l ar ly in t h e m i no r fo rm o f t h e key) b y pr o c eed i ng
o n d ar .
,
to a
ch o rd w h o s e r oo t is a 4t h ab o ve w ou l d n e c e ssarily r e so l ve u p o n d i ssonan t tr i a d s e g
, , . .

( 7
1V )
p ro du ci
v y c d e s l t Th
ng a er ru re u . e n o rm a l ”
re o u s l tio n is th e efo
r re u n a a v il b l
a e in th e se
c s s e x c ep t s m t m s i t h c o s e o f
a e ,
*
o e i e n e ur a Se q u en ce .

8 . Th e cho d f t hr o e p
7 t h u o n t h e To n ic of t he H arm o nic mi nor s c al e is p rac t i cally u se l e ss ,

o wi ng t o its v y wkw
er a s l ti
ar d r e o u o n , e g . .

As w ill b s l t t h
e ee n a e r, ma
e j 6t h d m i 7 t h f t h
or an no r o e Me l o d ic m in o r sc l
a e are f q
re u en tly
u ed s in t he c s t cti f S c
on ru on o e o n d ar y 7 t h w ith x c ll t ff ct
e e e en e e .

Sa v e o cc s i
a ona lly wh en t h e Se c o n d ar y 7 t h i s i it s 3
n r d i v si
n er on

RA C E —Ch ri s t m as O ra t o ri o .
18 2 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y .

9 . Se q
c e s o f Se c o n d a y 7 th s e sp e c i ally in t h e m aj o r key are o f te n t o be f ou n d O ne
u en r , , .

su c h e x am pl e h as al ead y b ee n g iv en ( fo o t n o t e t o Se c t w o o t h e r s fr o m d i fi ere n t au th o r s
’

r -
.

a e n o w add e d t h e fi st f o m C h o pi n s h e wi n g a Se q u e n c e o f 7 t h s i n roo t p o s mo n di sp er s e d i n
r r r -

, , , ,

a p e ggi o
r fi gur e s
A lleg r o
(kro n a —E t u de in 0 ( Op .

Th e se c o n d e x am pl e fro m , Ba ch , affo r d s an i n s t an c e of t he st rong e ff e ct of t h e 3 rd

in v ers i o n
Biron —Eight little Prelud es and Fugnes f or t he Organ .

NB. .
-
In c a Se q u en e of ch o rd s of t h e 7t h i n r oot p o si t io n t hr ou g h ou t , t h e 5th o f e a
-
ch l t te
a e rn a
ch o rd w ill l w ys h v
a a a e t o be o mi tt e d , an d t h e ro o t bl
d o u ed , if t h e a ag e p ss i s w itt
r e n in fo p art
ur -

h arm o n y g , e
. .
184 ME L OD Y A ND HA R MO NY .

B P l ay in v i s m j ar o u a or an d m i n o k e ys
r ,
t he f ll wi g p
o o n r o g re ssi s on . G iv e t w o '

v si s c h v yi g t h d i ff e en t ti
,

pa t i t h e e x am pl e s
.

er on of ea ar n e t op r , an d arra n g n g in r m es an d
,

r hyt h m s

7 7 7
vi 11 v 11 V VI IV vn 1
b d b

( Ma j o r key o n ly ) . ( S ee Sec 7 , . f tn t
oo -
o e .
)

7 7
VI 11 V v 1 Iv I
c b b
(Ma j o r k ey o n ly ) .

0. Co n ti nu e t he fo ll o wi ng i n “

Se q u en e , c b i gi ng e ch p ss
r n a a age to a su i tab l e c o n c l u sio n
( Do wn w ard Se q u en e. c ) (U p w ard Se q uen e c .

(3 p titi s
re e on and ( 2 re p titi s
e on and
th cl s )
en o e . th cl s )
en o e.

d f ro m G a me ) .

(D o ww n ard Se q c
u en e .
)

D . H arm o n iz e t he fo ll o wi ng m e l o d i e s .

N B — In t h e
. .
fi st t w
r o e x ci s s t h sp ci l S c
er e e e a e o n d ary 7t h re q ui r e d f ro m tim e to i tm e is in di c te d
a
a Ro m an n u m e r al .
 ME L OD Y A ND HAE M O NY .
1 85

I
( h) ( 7
11 )

on) c e a )
.
l n
.

N B — Be gi n t h e
. . a b v o e e x ci s th s
er e u

No te — In t h e f ll wi
o o n
g x ci s s c ss d
e er e a ro t s th
en o e e u se o f aSe c o n d ar y 7t h .

( Ad d two inn e r p t ar s .
)
Ga vot te
.
 '

186 ME L OD Y A ND HAR MONY .

N B — In t h e re m a n n g i i e x ci s s
er e
“

t h e in t r o du cti on of a Se c o n d ar y 7t h isin d ic t
a ed o nl yv y
er

cc si ll y st t is s t p ar t hi s
. .
,

o a ona Th e
. u d en , fo r t h e m o , left t o ow n j u d gm e n t in t he m a tte r.

Ch l
ora .

( In th ree p ar ts : t he h m yt
ar on o r un in m i n i m s and cr o t ch e t s on ly ) .

6 7 68 .

A cc t
en e d Pa ss i n g n o te .
-

I Tw o ch o rd s i thi s b
n ar .
1 88 ME L OD Y AND HAR MON Y .

C HAPTE R XXI .

S E COND A R Y CH OR DS O F TH E S E VE N TH
1 . I N Se c . 11 of t h e re e d n g p c i
a er w as e nch pt i t
a o m o er oon ega n t o od y sh w th t c p s ss b m if
t he i gi n al stri c t t t
or t r e a m en o f S e o n d ar o rd c
o f t he 7t hy ch T od a o n w as at r s . h is m i fic ti fi st
S pe ci a lly n o tic ea bl c s e in t he a e o f a u o n t h e Su er o n th t p bu t w as n o t o n g e o re o th e r p t ic , it l b f s
f o ll o w e d s u it p a ti c l ly ,
r u ar i n t he d ire c ti
o n o f a g re a e r r ee d o m o f r e o u i o n t f s l t .

2 . Th e ch s f e qu en tly t o be fo n d re s o lvi n g i n o t h er w ays t h an t h e

o rd s of t he 7t h m o t r u

no m a l o n e d e s c ib e d i n C h pt e r X X a e t h o s e u p o n t h e Su p e t o ni c Su b d o m i n an t an d
”
r r a r r ,

S ubm e d i an t ( 7 n 7 IV an d 7 VI
*
) whi c h o ft e n p o c e e d e i t h e r t o To n i c o r t o D o min an t
, ,
r

h arm o n y as will be s ee n b y t h e f o ll o wi n g e x am pl e s
,

I S up e to ni c S eco nd ary 7 t h r eso lvi n g up n TO NIC harmo ny

. r o .

’
( )
c r

( ) ( )
7 7
( )
7
11 11 11
1 1 0

Int hi s fo rm o f re so l u ti o n i t will be s een t he 7 t h o f t he , , Su pe r t o n i c s ally

u u r ema i n s to be
t h e r o o t o f t h e To n i c c h o r d .

N B — Th .b v x m pl s ( d ls th s giv n b l w
e a o e e a e an a o o e e e o un d er h ea d in g II) , ar e e q ll y v ail bl
ua a a e
f m f t h k y with t h c ss y m di fic ti s
.

i th mi n e no r or o e e , e ne e ar o a on .

Th e ch o rd o f t he 7 t h u p on t h e L e ad i n
g
-
no e t ( 7 VII) ft o e n re o s lv s p e u on To n ic h ar m o n y th us
,

bu tit i s th s lly g d d e n u uai v t d f m f th re ar e as an n er e or o e Do m i n an tm j a o r or m i

n or 9t h , an d it s c s idon er
ati i s f thi s s d f d til C h p t XX I I I
on or re a o n e e r re un a er
I t i s w t h w hi l h s s c l in n y
.

tor t th t t h c m bi ti e e re o no e a e o na on o f t h e 4 t h an d 7 t h d e gr e e of t he a e a
ch d lm s t i v i b ly i m pli s it s d iv ti f m t h D
or a o n ar a e er a on ro e o m in a n ro o , e g t t . .

(D o m t . 9t h .
)

f As w as st t d i a e h pt X C a e r X, Se c 1 0, t h e r
n n e r o n o f t h e S e o n d ar fi s t i v si
7t h u c y p t h S p t ic
on e u er o n
is t l y sp k xp ss i p b bility w s it s
.

fre u e n q o h
e n o f as t h e
“
C o rd o f t h e A d d e d 6 t h " T h e e re o n i n all ro a o e
b ss t h v fi st b s p ssi g t
.

i
o r gi n t o t h e f ct
a f o f t h e 6t h ro m the a no e a in g r e e n u e d m ere l -
y as a a n no e
l l c th s
-

“
c
d e o ra in g " t th b i t ch
e S u d o m n an o r d in a P a a C a d e n e ,
g u

t he s t iki r n g of thi s t
n o e ag af i/ns t t he ch o rd i stn ea d o f a ft it th s
er ,
u

b e in g a la t er de v l pm t
e o en . Co m p ar e thi s x e am p l with E
e xs . ( b) an d (0) b ve
a o .
 MEL OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y .
1 89

II . S u bd om i n a n t S ec o n d ar y 7 t h r eso lv i ng up on ei t her D O M INANT or To m e ha r mo ny .

III . S ubmedi an t S e c o nd a ry 7th r eso lvi ng up o n D O MINAN T har mon y * .

( ) ( )
7
Wc W e!

3 .Th e e x r a s t ct th t
a fo ll o w ar e typi c al of t he a bov e n am e d
-
s l tio n s
re o u of t h e Su p e r t on i c
b t t
,

d o m i n an an d Su bm e d i an 7 ths
.

Su

I . S up er t o n i c 7th .

Du m m ies — Sona ta (Op . .

Dvo id x . S tb tM t
a a a er.

I
(| 7
II ) ( )| c

ME Nna so n x . St . Pa u l .
”

Wh en th e Su m e db i n t 7t h s lv s th s i
a re o e u n t he m in or k e y, it i s usua ll y t ak e n u p on t h e m aj o r 6 fk of
1 90 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ONY .

II . S ubdo m i nan t 7 t h .

M ENDE L SSO H N — Pi ano fort e Concerto in D mi nor

. .

Go u s o n . Red e m pti on .

Gama — So nata for Piano for te and

’
Ce ll o ( Op .

( 7
1v ) ( I> |
III . S u bm ed ia n t 7 t h
MEND EL SSOHN . Hymn of Prai s e.
”

X E RCI SE S U PO N SE CO ND ARY 7 m (FRE E R RE S O L U T IO N)

E .

A Pl ay i n v ar i o u s m aj o
.
, an d mi n o r k e ys t h e f o ll o w i n g p ro g e ssi o n s ar r an gi n g
r , r , t he
e x am pl e s in d iff e e n t ti m e s a n d r h yt h m s
r

7 7
VI II I I IV II
b c h b

(Th e f ll w i
o o ng in m a j k ys
or e o nl y)
.

7 7
V v1 v 1
1)
1 92 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M O N Y .

D . H ar m o n iz e t h e s u cceed i ng Fi gu re d Bass in 4
,
v c l p ts
o a ar

(3 ( 5) 9 (5 )

SE C O ND ARY 7 T H S
I NVO L VI NG U SE O F ME L ODI C M I NO R S CAL E .

4 .R e fe re n c e t o Ch ap te X VIII will r e m i n d t h e st u d e n t t h at t h e v a i ab l e u pp er t e t ach o d

r r r r

o f t h e M el o di c m i n o r s c al e e n a b l e s u s l a
ge ly t o i n c r e a s e t h e r an ge o f t i ad s i n t h e mi n o r
r r

k e y t h e m ai n c o n di ti o n i n t hi s c o nn e xi o n b e i n g th at wh e n e v er t h e i n fl e c t e d n o t e
, t he
m aj o 6 t h o r t h e m i n o 7 t h ) o cc ur s it sh o u l d u s u a lly f o r m p a t o f a n a s c e n d i n g or d e s c e n d i n g
r r , r

s c al e li ne be tw een D o m i nan t and To n i c Th e s am e p i n c ipl e m ay be appli ed s u cc e ssfu lly i n

-
. r
t h e c a s e o f Se c o n d ar y 7 th s e g , . .

I . S ec on d ary 7 t hs c o n ta i ni ng Maj or 6 f k * .

h s it will b c rt p siti s th s
‘

T c h o r ds f o u n d , m o re in th e r
'

e e are , e e fi e c t ive in e ai n o on an o .
 ME L OD Y AND HAR MONY . 1 98

II . S ec ond ar y 7 t hs c o n t a i n i ng Mi n or 7 t h * .

5
. xtract s t h at are g i ven b el o w p ro vi d e i n st anc e s o f
Th e e t he e ffe c tiv e u se of so m e of

t he ab o ve c h o d s r

I S u bd o mina nt 7 t h c on tai n i ng m aj or 6 i k of Melo di c mi nor

. sc a le

R d mp ti ”
G N ov on . e e on .

( )
7
31 V

II . Second ar y 7 t h up o n m aj o r 6 t h f Melo d ic
o m i nor s ca le

ph y ( N
on o. 8) i n F .

III . T o n ic 7 t h co n ta i n i ng m i n or 7 t h o f M e lo d i c m i nor sc a le

N B —E x s
. . .
( b) an d ( 0) p vid i s t c s
ro e n an e of Se c o n d ar y 7 th s s d u P ss i g ch
e as a n o rd s .

T h s ch
e e o rd s ar e , it wil l b f e o u nd , m o re ef ef ctiv e in c t i p s iti s th i o th s
er a n o on an n er .
194 ME L OD Y A ND HAR MON Y

E XE RCI SE S U PO N SE C O ND ARY 7 m s I NVO L VI NG USE or

ME L ODI C M I NO R SCAL E .

E Pl ay , in v ar i o u s mi n o r k e ys , t h e f o ll o wi ng p ro gr e s si o n s (i n d i ff e r e n t t i m s n d h th m s )
v y c s y
e a r .

c c c v
,

N B — Tak e spe ci a l are th a t t h e n o t e o f t h e M e lo d i m i n o r s al e m o e s i n y st p “

.
e er a e e

h apter X VIII
.

(as i n d i c at e d in C ,
Sec .

7 "
51 1 7 7
v I I Iv v I
d b

7
im 7 7
vi 11 v I
b

X
'

I IV V I

F . H ar m o n iz e t h e fo ll o wi ng fr ag m e n ts o f m e l o d y a nd b ass . Int ro d u ce a Se co n d ar y 7th

i n c l u di ng a n o t e o f t he Me l o d i c mi n o s c al e i n e ac h e x am pl e
r

( Maj o r 6t h .
) ( M aj o r 6t h .
)

( Mi n o r 7 t h ) .
( Ma j o r 6t h .
) ( Ma j o r 6 th .
)

(Ma j or 6th .
)

G . P l ay a nd w it e s h o rt r h yth m i c al ph ra s e s i n t
r ro d u ci ng t he fo ll o wi ng c h o d s : r

(C )
 96 M E L OD Y AND HAR M O NY .

3 . C h r om a t i c lly lt
a -
a e r ed ch s
far m o re o e n m e t
o rd a re ft
in t h e m a or or o f a ke y wit h j f m
th an i n t he m n o r o r m , i f an d it s h l
o u d be o er e d a bs v t h t
t he o r g na d a o n n o e m ay n o t
-
i i l i t ic t
on ly be ro m a ch
a ra ti c lly ise d ( as i n S ec bu t lo w er ed e m o n a y i n a
. m ar m an n er ‘ s it i c ll si il .

The f ll wi
o o n g are t h e m o st com m on ly s
u ed C r o m a a er a i o n h ti c lt t s

I . To n i c or D o m i n an t t i ad wit h r r a i se d 5t h ,
“

f o rm i n g an au gm e n e d t t ri ad in eac h
c s a e, e .
g .

II . D o m i nan t 7th with r a i sed 5t h , e .

g .

NB—T . .
h s
v il bl i t h e m j k y l y ; t h ch m tic lly i s d t f m i g
e e are a a a e n a or e on e ro a a -
ra e n o e, or n a
d i ss c i
o n an ch c s s lv s by s m it
e n ea
pw d It c s s F ls R l ti by cc i
a e , re o e e o ne u ar s au e no a e e a on o u rr n g
t p t f m th t i whi ch t h i g i l d i t ic t pp s ( S is
.

'

in a di fi e re n ar ro a Th
n e or na a on no e a e ar ee ex e ra ed
5t h h l d lw ys b pl c d b t h 7 t h i t h e ch d f t h D m i t 7 t h
. .

s ou a a e a e a o ve e n or o e o n an .

A f am i l ar i i st c n an e of t hi s i s t he “ d yi n
g f ll
a
”
so o ft ff ct d by c t in ch ch
en a e g ists t
e er a ur -
or an a
Sp ci l m m
e a o en ts i t h c n e ou r e s o f t he er s vic e The r e a d er w ill p b bly c g i n ld f i d i t h
ro a re o n z e a o r en n e
f ll w i g p g ssi
.

o o n ro re on

A d ag io esp ressi vo mol t o ( I)

wh b
be t w e e n t h e 3 rd o f t h e S u d o m i n an
e re , o r d a n d t h e 5t h o f t h e u e e d n g To n t ch
ar m o n y, a s cc i ic h
ch tic p s
ro m a t is i s t
a si n g n o e , A D ,
n er e d A s in t h e e am e i n S e c 2, t h e o m e
-
a ma k c li e c t o f x pl s wh t w ish
s it ic v c l
. .

t he em o n tf m o em e n ro m A t o A l ? a n d G o u d be r e m o e d t h e su bs t i tu ti o n o f t h e ro m a no e v by ch tic t
i l i t ic th s
fo r t h e o r g in a d a o n o n e, u

a n ew cl i gbi o our n e ng g iv en t o t h e k ey o f C m a j by t h
or e u se o f the ch mtic
ro a no e t A D in st e ad of t he
u uas l di to i c A a a n
;

.
 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ON Y . 197

III b
Su d o m i n an t t r i ad of ma j or k ey wit h lo w er ed 3 rd , e .
g .

IV . Su p e t o ni c tr i a d
r (o r Se c o n d ary 7t h ) of ma j or ke y wit h lo w e red 5 th , e .
g .

NB -
l
Th e o w e re d n o e ge n e ra t lly
fails a e m o n e , b u t n o t i n v a r i a bly Th e s it ch m tic l ly l t ro a a -
a e re d
s ti s p sp i s f t h T ic m i
. . .

h
arm o ni e o f IV an d II ( d e n a w i tic l ith
t h e r a d u o n t h e o r re o n d n g d e g re e c o e on no r
k ey) m ay u ua s l ly pl y
be e m o e d un d e r t h e am e o n d o n as t h e o r g n a d a o n s c iti s i i l i t ic ch d s or .

V . Sup er t o n i cti r ad o f m i n or key, wit h lo w ered ro o t ,

e .
g .

N
( b)
N B — T hi s ch d th gh b i g ch m tic lly l t d f m f S p t i c h m y i s m s t
or , ro u e n a ro a a a e re or o u er o n ar on o
f q tly f ll w d by ith ft p c d s
,

re ue n D mi ot oi v t d T ic ch d
e d e er 8. o n an or an n er e on or , an o en re e e a
C d c ( s h w b v ) It in t h m j ity f i s t c s t k
a en e as e n a t h fi st
o e v s i w h it i s
18 , e a or o n an e a en i n e r in er on, en
k w N p lit ch d t h b ss t f thi s fi s t
.
,

t h ch d f t h
no n as Sixth T A lth g h
e or m j o e ea o an ou a a or or e a no e o r

i v si bl d w ith g d ff ct
. ,

n b d
er o n c an e ou e oo e e .

T hi s ch o rd b c
e i
o m n g, wh en
“
a lt e re d ,
”
a D m i i is h
n ed t ria d, is of c o ur e s tk a en in t h e fi s t i v si
r n er on

o nl y .

1 It i s p ss ibl o e to u sethi s ch d i t h m j or n e a or key a ls o, bu t thi s i v lv s

n o e the ch ro m a tic lt a e ra ti on o f
tw o no e ts of t he or igin al d i t ic h m y i
a on ar on , v z .
,
t he ro o t an d t h e 5 t h , e g . .

(0 ma j o r. )

s il
A im ar do u bl ch
e ro m a tic alt e ra ti on of t he Su m e d b i tti
an r ad o f t he m a j or ke y, is s om e ti m s fo e un d , e .
g .

In thi s c s l s b th t d 5t h
a e a l w o, o ro o an a re o e red a s m it
e o n e, p rodu c n i g a ch o rd id en t ic l w ith
a t h e Su b
m ed i t t riad f t h T ic mi k y
an o e on no r e .
198 MEL ODY AND H AR M ON Y .

4 . Th e e xt ac ts giv en b el o w
r a re t ypi c l a of som e of t he ch ro m a ti c alt e a ti o n s alr ead y
r

spo k e n of

( a ) To n i c t r i ad w i t h r a i sed 5i h
Sc n us s n r .
—Sonata i n E l? (O p .

( 6) Domi na n t 7 th w i t h r a i sed 5i h
SC H UMA NN . Du bis t wi i
e e ne l
B um e .

A n dan t e .
( V ic
o e )

Ke y D fl a t .

(0) Su bd o mi nan t t r i ad w i t h lo w er ed 3 rd
M od era t o . Ru m o u rs — So n a t a. ( Op . 31, No .

c a la nd o .

(d ) S up er t on i c t r ia d w i t h lo w er ed 5 t h

AIEa
’

L sS O H N
.
— Serenade and A ll g
e ro (Op .
200 M E L OD Y AND H A R M ON Y .

B . P l ay , an d w r it e f ro m m em o r y , t he fo ll o wi n g pro gr e ssi o n s in t h e u uas l w ay

( a ) Ma j o r k e y s o nl y .

7
1 1 5v 1 I 8IV I
7
V I I
5
II
7
V I 5V I tI IV N I
b b c b b b b

7
5I I 7
V I II I I
c
‘

b b

( b) Min o r ke y s ly
on .

(c ) M a j o r ke ys on ly .

3
IV I 1
"H 7
V I
b

C , H ar m o n iz e t h e f o ll o wi ng f ra
gm e n ts of me l o d y i n tro d u c i n g a ch ro m a ti c ally al te re d
-

ch
,

o rd at t he x

(G m i
n o r. )
 M E L OD Y A ND HA RM ON Y . 201

D . Har m o n iz e t h e f llo w i
o ng me lod y i
fo r t h e P an o fo te m ai n tai n i n g t he fo r m o f ae c o m
r ,

pan i m e n t i n d i c a t e d in t h e o p e n i n g b ar s
. Th e x d en o t es a po i n t at w h i ch a c hro m ati c ally
lt
a e re d ch o d s ho ul d be u se d
r .

A n d a n t e m o de ra t e .
f

ca nd o .

E . Writ e ( in fo ur p ar ts , v ic s i h ba s o f m s ic i
fo r o e ) e g t r u n t ro d u ci ng t he fo ll o wi ng ch o rd s , in
t he o rd er gi v en . Beg i n an d e n d i n E m n o r i .

( E m in o r ).
(G ma j or .
) (E m in o r ) .
202 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M O N Y .

C HA PTER XX III .

CH ORD S O F TH E N I N TH .

-
T HE CH O R D o r DO MINANT 9m T HE .

THE e x e r c is e s i n C h apt e r X VII u p o n t h e u s e o f t h e App o ggi a t u r a h av e al e a d y s h e w n r

t h at acc e n t e d p assi n g n o t e s ab o v e t h e ro o t 3 d o r 5t h o f t h e D o m i n a n t 7 t h ch o d pro d uc e

'
-
,
r r

c o m bi na ti o n s whi c h a e fre qu en tly d e s c r ib e d a s Do m i nan t 9 t h s 1 1 th s an d 13 ths e g

r , ,
. .

(D m i o t 9 th s )
n an .
(D m i t 1 1 th s ) o n an D mi t 1 3 th s )
. o n an .

It lso s ee n t h at t h e u n e ss en ti al n o t e b o v e t h e ro o t o f t h e D o m i n an t 7 t h c h o r d
.

2 . w as a a

(f
orm i ng t h e 9 t h fro m t h e D o m i nant o o t ) m i gh t re s o lv e i n e it h o f t h e f o ll o wi n g w ays
r er

(i) D o w n w a d s t o t h e ro o t o f t h e c h o d
r r

(11) U pw a d s t o t h e 3 d o f t h e c h o d
r r r

Th e b i n r a k e b c ts
i n t he a o e b v x m pl s in di c t s th t t h 9t h i t h m j f m f k y m
e a e a e a e n e a or or o a e ay

be e ith j i
er a m a o r o r m n o r 9 t h , t h e a l tt b i g ch m tic lly lt d
er e n a t i t h mi f m
ro a a a ere no e n e nor or of
a k e y, t h e 9 t h a i s lw s
ay m i nor , a e s v wh it i s s by s te p t t h 3 d f it s w ch d — th t i s l
en r e o e r o o n or a a on g

sc
.
,

li
t h e n e o f t h e Me o d l ic i
m n or al e
“

( S ee C h p t XV II
a er , S ec .

Th e A
h h s
e r e c le arly th l ic p
'

pr o d u c e s a ss i th n w
m o o er m e od
g
'

l d ro re on a ou s lt f m A ?
re u ro

p c i pw s
ro ee d n
g u ar dth by c s i
t o B han d s wh t v c l i t v l f
e re au ng t h e om e a un o a n er a o a n au gm t d2 d en e n
hi s i t v l i ht h w v c t i c s sh v i s ti n ct b ty f it s w p tic l l y i
.

T n er a m g , o e e r, in e r a n a e a e a d eau o o n, ar u ar n
s ic
r u m e n t al m ux pl f th v
, ( s ee e am e r o m Be e o en i n S e c .

3 . The ppo ggi atu ra t reat m en t o f

A t he 9th is ill u st a t e d by t h e fo ll o w i ng e xt ac ts
r r

( i ) Ni th s lvi g t
n re o t n o r oo
Mo u nt — Fanta si a i nC m i no r .
204 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ON Y .

BE ET HO VE N .
-
Sona t a Op 10, No 1
. . .

TH E 9 T H A S AN “ E S SE NT IA L NO TE .

5 I n s te ad o f app ear i ng as an App o gg i at u a t h e 9 t h fre qu en t ly a ssu m e s t h e ch ar ac t er o f an

r ,

no t e an d b e c o m e s an i n t e g a l p a t o f t h e D o m i n an t h arm o n y r e s o l v in g t o ge th e r
.

e ss e n ti a l ,
r r ,

with t he e s t o f t h e c h o rd u p o n a n ew h a m o n y (u s ua lly t h e To nic t o t h e 5t h o f w h i ch t he 9 t h

r r ,

falls by s t ep ) e g ,
. .

6 . It is o bv i u s th t
o a , as t he c omp le te ch o rd of the D o m i n an t 9t h

co t i s fi
n a n ot s ve n e , one of th s e e mu st be m i t t ed i n fo ur part h arm o n y
o -
I n t h e r oo t .

po s iti t his n t is
on o e t he 5t h ; i n t he in v e si o n s t he r oo t i t se lf ( s ave o cc asi o n ally i n t h
r ,

3 d i v e si )
r n r on

( Roo t i cl
n uded.

Wh e n t he ro o t is i cl
n ud e d , as h e re , t h e 9t h m us t be at t he d ist c an e of a. n i n t h (n o t c
a s e on d )
f
r om it .
 ME L OD Y A ND H A R M ON Y . 205

N B — Th e s lly (b t t i i bly— x m p l f m B th v i S 8 ) s d s
m aj o r 9 t h u ua u no n va r a s ec e a e ro ee
‘

o en n ec ou n
c s q c t h 4t h i v si t m j 9t h i s
. . .

b tt b e er a ch d
ov e t h e 3 rd o f t h e or f th D mi
as a on e u en e, e n er on o e o n an a or
ly m t w ith All t h p g ssi s giv b v
r ar e e v i l b l i t h m i f m f t h k y with t h
e ro re on en a o e are a a a e n e nor or o e e e
p vi s th t t h 9t h i s l w ys m i ff ctiv i s t c
.
.

ro o a Ce F
e ck h a a f th D m i
n or t mi sar ran a s an e e e n an e o e o n an nor
t p siti
.

9t h i n ro o -
o on

Cits An FR A NC K —SymplIO I1y in D m. i nor .

7 . Th e i n v er sio n s o f t he ch o r d o f t h e D o m i nan t m i no 9 t h ( wh en t h e r o o t i s o mi tt e d ) r

pro d u e t h e c h a m o n y w hich i s o ft en c o nv en i en t ly d e s cr ib e d as t h e ch o rd o f t h e D i m i n is h e d
r

Se v e n t h

( Ro o t G om itt ed .

Tw o w e ll k no w n e x am pl e s
-
ar e giv e n bl w e o

Bs s r u os .
— Son ata ( Op .

( Ke y Fit m i n o r ) .

CHO PI N .
-
E t ud e in O il minor ( Op .

(Bo o t D it
.

8 . i n v er si o n s o f t h e D o m i n an t maj or 9 t h (wi t h t h e ro o t o m itt e d ) p o d u c e c h o rd

Th e r a

i d n ti c al with t h e Se c o n d ary 7 t h u po n t h e L e ad i n g n o te o f t h e m aj o r ke y a nd it is fo r th a t
.

e
-

r e a s o n s o m e ti m e s t r m e d t h e ch o d o f t h L e ad i n g 7 t h
e r e

( Ro o t G o m it t e d . r .
206 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M ON Y .

I t is o f c o ur se p ossi ble to r e g ar d it as a Se c o n d ar y 7t h wi th a fr e e s l ti on
r re o u ,

( St ict ( r or No rm al s l ti
re o u on .
) ( Fre e r r e s l ti )
o u on .

( vn )
7

bu t fo r all p act i c al p u po s es it is simpl er

r r and cl eare r to th ink of t h e ch d or as d er iv e d f om t he
r

D i
o m n an t ro o t th at is as 9
, ,

(
7
b )
N B — It is of c om p tiv l y s m ll im p t c
ar a e a o r an e how a ch ord is n a m e d , so l o n g as it s e ff e ct h b as ee n
lly c g i d it s t tm t m s t d
. .

au ra re o n z ed , an re a en a ere .

A mo st
e ffe c tiv i st c
e n an e of t he u se i n ve si o n s o f t h e D o m i n an t m aj o 9t h
of the r r (t he
i
L e ad n g 7 t h is t o be fo u n d in t he sl o w m o v e m e n t o f Be e th o v e n s 5 t h Sym p h o n y ’

R m — Symph y ( N
a i C mi
on a on o. n n o r.

(n ) V
b)

PART -
WE I TI NG .

9 . In r e o s lvi ng t h e i n v e r si o n s of t he ch D o m i n an t m aj or 9 t h u p o n t h e To n i c
o rd of t he
tri ad
(o r o n e o f its i n v r si o n s ) c a
e , e sh o u l d be t a k e n t o a v o i d c l u m sy c o n s e c u ti v e 5 t h s
r by ,

ki
m a n g t h e 5t h and ma j or 9t h m o v e i n c o n t ar y m o ti o n t o o n e an o th e ( if t h e 5 t h is pl ac e d
r r
bl w
e o t he 9t h )

( I n c o rr e ct ) (Go o d ) ( In c o rr e ct ) ( Go o d )

N B —S u ch 5 th s s tim s p ssib l c s
'

. . ar e om e e o e in t h e a e of t h e m i n or 9 t h

o ne o f t he 5 th s b e ing i
d m in i sh e d, bu t e v en th en th e ir a ov id c i s s lly t o b
an e u ua e re c o m m e nd ed .
 208 ME L OD Y AND HARM ONY .

0 . Ad d Al to an d Ten o r p ar ts t o t h e f o ll o wi ng a c c o d i n g t o
,
r the fi gu i
r ng .

N B — A l ys t h h m y th
. . na e e ar gh
on t rou ou .

M o d era t o .

$9 fi3

m e 9 8 7

D . H arm o n iz e t h e fo ll o wi n g m e l o d i e s i n t rod c i n g a ch o r d o f t h e 9 t h (d i r e ct o r i n v e t ed )
, u r

w h e re i n d i c at e d An App o ggi atu ra 9 t h e s o l vi n g o n t h e o o t o f t h e D o m i n an t h arm o n y is

. r r
Ind i c a t e d by t h e l e t t er
(a ) ; a si mil ar App ggi a t ura 9 t h re s o l v i n g o n t h e 3 d b y (b) w hil e
o r ,

an e ss e n ti al 9 t h is i m pli e d by t h e l e t t e r Th e st u d e n t is l e ft t o d e c i d e wh e th er a m aj o r

9t h o r a m i o 9 th i s p e f e ab le o n e a ch c c a si o n :
n r r r o

Ch oral (). c
 ME L OD Y AND HAR MON Y . 209

NB —C o n si d t he
er f ll wi
o o w itt
n g as r en i
fo r t h e P a n o f t or e Ma in t ain an a cc m p i m t s i m il
o an en ar

th t s gg st p g b s thi s i s
. . .

to a u e e d in t h e.
o e n in Th ar
“
e r h yt h m o f in d ic t
a ed th rou ghout d th t h
un e rn e a e

l d y its l f
.
,

me o e

s i oso .

( G mi nor ) .

Ffi M
.

f ( )
E
ar es . a H

(F m a j or
.
)
;
:
q
fi - Pfl P :
q
fi fi fifl r .

q
ffi m Pa fi rm .

PP (b)
(a )

nfi m mé fi m ffi m
‘

j ay ” r
é
‘
J flr
,
fi
q q q

E . H ar m o n iz e t h e fo ll o wi n g U nfi gu red b asse s . Th e v i sf
ar o u o rm s of 9t h ar e i nd i c at ed as

in t h e fo re
go i n g s e ct i o n
3)

( A m aj o r .
( F it m i n o r
. .

Se e A pp en d ix B .
21 0 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M ONY .

( E m aj o r ) .

( E l?

p oc o r it . al fi ne.

x Th e 6t h ad d e d t o t h e To n ic t
ria d i n a na fi lc ad e n c is
e a no t unu uas lm o d e rn idi om w hich h w vo e er ,
sily b c s s wh t t y is
, ,
ea e ome a om e a r i n g m an n e r m .

F . Pa l y o r w ri t e , ph as e s o f yo u r o w n i n c l u d i n g o n e o r m o e o f t h e su cc ee d i n g
se v e r a l r ‘

, r

cho d sr in ea ch V ary y o ur key e a c h ti m e ( t an sp o si n g t h e g iv e n ch o rd s ) a nd u s e b o t h m aj o r

. r ,

an d m in o r fo m s o f t h e ke y (m aki n g t he n e c e ss a y m o d i fi c a ti o n s o f t h e 9 t h )
r r .
212 MEL ODY A ND HAR M ON Y .

A A . A A A

(b) 8 4

(d ) 6 7 I‘ 2' 8‘ 4'

I . H ar m o n iz e t h e fo ll o wi ng d o u b l e appo ggi at u ra s wi th Di m i n i s h e d 7th h a m ony

r (in
v i s p siti s)
ar o u o on , an d r e s o l v e i n each c a s e u p o n To n i c h ar m o n y

( b)

J . H ar m o n iz e t h e su cc ee d i ng m e l o d y in fu ll h armo n y fo r t h e Pi ano fo t Wh erever r e . a X is

fo u n d t he n o e sot i n d i c at e d s h o u l d be h a m o n iz e d with a D o m i n an t 9 t h ch o rd
r

El me r — L e n
to .

P la r g amm t e .

P f a ll . 3 dim .
PP PPP

“
r r
r r
— SE C O ND AR Y C HO RD S o n T HE 9m
II.
‘

12 . C h o rd s o f fo
d d i a t o n i ally u po n o t h e r d e g re e s o f t h e s c al e
t he 9th rm e
'

an c
a o f t he th th t
c c
D e mm arnt ar e m u h r ar e r an d m o r e d iffi u lt o f i n t ro d u ti o n th an h o r d s o f t h e 7 t h u p o n t h e c c
s am e d egr ee s Th e f o ll o wi n g p ass age ill u st r at e s a s e ri e s o f s e c o n d ar y 9 t s * It will be s e en
. h .

t ch
h a t t h e 9 t h falls a 2n d in e a c as e an d t h a t t h e 7 t h ( whi sh o u l d a lw ays be n l u d e d )
,
ch i c
r es o lv e s si m il a r ly

( v) ( m) ( Q
VI ) 9 9

A s c d y 9 t h c tai s fi
s a e t s it i s f c
on ar on n ve no e o our e ne s c ss y t m it
e ar f th o o o ne o e no te s of t he
c m pl t ch d th s l m s t v b ly t h 5 t h I fi p t h m y thi s c ss ity w l d is
,
-

o e e or i is a o in ari a e . n ve -
ar ar on ne e ou n o t ar e .
 M E L OD Y A ND H AR M ON Y .
21 3

13 . will be s e e n b y t h e p e c e d i n g e x am pl e a s e c o n d ar y ch o rd o f t h e 9 t h m o st freq u e n tly

As r ,

r e s o l ve s u p o n a c h o d w h o s e r o o t i s a 4 t h a b o v e its o w n ; b t th a t o n t h e Su p e r t o n i c o ft e n
r u

r e s o l v e s m o r e f ee ly u p o n To n i c h ar m o n y (t h e 9 t h re ma i n i n g) t hu s
r , ,

)( ) I
( 9
11 o

and th at o n t h e Su b d o m i n an t (as at (a) in Se c 1 2) u p o n Dom ina n t h arm o n y In e ach o f t h e s e

.
.

c as e s t h e c h o d s o f t h e 9 t h fo ll o w t h e sam e p o ce d u e as t h e Se c o n d ar y 7 th s o n t h e c o r e sp o n d
r r r r

i n g d e gr e e s o f t h e s c a l e ( S e e.C h a pt e X X I S e c r S t er n d al e Be n ne tt h as a v e ry h appy
,
.

i n st an c e o f t h e Su bd o mi n an t 9 t h re s o lvi ng o n D o m i n an t h a m o n y r

Wo man
’o

Sr E a NDA L n BHNNETT . of Samari a .

14 e u
. D b ssy i n t ro d uc e s an i n t er e sti ng s e qu e n c e of Se c o n d ar y 9 th s in hi s D o cto r Grad u s
ad Par n as su m

De nnss r Chi l d sC ”
it
’
. re n o rn e r Su e.

( 9
1 11 )
an d a st iki ng e x am pl e o f a lte
r rna et d i at o n i c 9t h s an d 7 t h s is affo r d e d by t h e 12t h Pr e l ud e
of Bo o k 2 o f Bac h s 48 ”
’

BAOB . 48 ( Book 2 Pre ud e No , l .

Harm o ni c s ch em e

W) 9
( 1) ( 7
1V )( 9
11 )
21 4 M EL OD Y AND H AR M O NY .

15. Th e i n v e rsi o ns are i m p rac ti c ab l e wi th t h e o o t i n cl ud e d ; wit h th is

r no e ot mi tte d the y ,

bc
e o m e den i ti c al wit h Se c o n d a y 7 t h s e g
r ,
. .

( 1 t i v si
s f S p t ic
n er on o u er o n

S 9 t h with
ec . t mitt d )
,
ro o o e .

Cl ea ly t h e a b o v e ch o r d is n o t hi n g
r ,
m o re th an t h e Se c o nd a y 7 t h u po n
r t h e Su d o b mi n n t a ,

re s o l v i n g u p o n D o m i n an t h a m o n y r .

E XE RC I SE S U PO N SE CO ND ARY 9 T H S .

Re s o lv e t h e f o ll o wi g c h o d s b i gi g e ach e x e c is e t o a f u ll c l o s e
n r ,
r n n r .

(f ) Pl a y an d w r it e t h e fo ll w o

in g ( i n fi v e p a t s ) i n v ari o us
r ,

m aj o r e k ys .

9 7 9 9 7
v VI 11 v I IV V I

B . H ar m o n iz e t h e f o ll o wi n g Fi gu re d Ba ss in fo u p ar ts r

( 5)

3 N
J
4
21 6 ME L OD Y AND HARM ON Y .

3 . I n all t h e i n v e r si o n s t he roo t is o m i tt d e ,
as w e ll as t h e 3 rd , an d the ch ord th en c sist
on s
o f t h e f our u n o t e s o n ly o f t he e n ti e s e ri e s
r
pp er

( C maj o r ) .
(C m i no r
.
)

bc
e om n
g ii d e n ti c al wit h t he Se co nd ar y 7 t h u p o n t h e Su p er t o n i c tr e at e d o f i n C h ap t e s X X r an d
X X I— with o with o u t t h e c h o m ati c altera ti o n o f its 5 t h
r r Be y o n d t h e e x am pl e s . an d
r e m ar ks th a t f o ll o w fu th e c o m m en t is u n n e c e ss ar y
r r
, .

Invn s si o n s ( SO C AL L E D
-

) or T HE D O MINANT llm SE C O N D A R Y 7 m U PO N T H E SUPE R T O NIC) .

H u man — Fan t si
a a in C m i n o r.

h
T e o re a y tic ll it w
o u ld be o e t o an a y e t h e p ss ib l
o r d m ar e d x a s t h e f o u r t h n er l s ch k i v si on of a
ch o rd o f t h e D o m i n an t i
m n o r 9 t h an d 11 i n A m in o r ( ro o an d 3 rd o m th
e d ) ; bu t w ith t itt it i s f ar
s i pl thi k it c y p t ic it s s c i v
,

m er t o n of a s t h e Se o n d ar 7 t h o f t h e Su e r o n , in e o n d n e r si o n .

Ga mma — E t ud e ( Op . 25, NO .

Th e b v e x t ct s h ws v i s p s iti s f t h S p t ic
a o e ra e ar o u o on o e u er o n Se c o n d ar y 7 t h —w i th it s 5t h
ch m tic lly l w d — s lvi g p t h s c d i v si f th T
ro a a o ere re o n u on e e on n er on o e o ni c ti
r a d . Th e o lo f l wi g i s th n e
s i m pl h m ic s ch m mi tti g p ss i g t s t
e ar on e e, o n a n -
no e , e c .

A gai n , it w l d b p ss ibl (th tic l ly) t g d t h ch

ou e o e e o re a o re ar e or d o f t h e 7 t h a s en g d er e d bi iv f m ro an
a b s t D m t t d t xpl i it
en o i n an ch d f t h D
'

ro o an o e a n as a or o e i
o m n an t i
m n o r 9 t h a n d 1 1t h ( w ith t ro o
B t th e i s litt l
,

an d 3 d m tt d )
r o i e bj ct i d i g
. u er e o e n o n so .
 MEL OD Y AND HAR M O NY .
21 7

XE RC I SE S U PO N T HE DO MI NANT 1 1T H
E .

N t —F m th
o e m ks i th p s
ro t ch p t it w i ll b cl th t f w x ci s s w il l b
e re ar n e red d en a e r, e e ar a e e er e e nee e

u p t h D m i t 1 1t h
on e o m st f t h
n an c m bi ti s s m tim s d s c ib d f mi g d iff
as o o t e o na on o e e e r e as or n e re n

sp ct s f th t ch d h v l d y b t t d f i t h x ci s s p t h A cc t d P ss i g t
,

a e o a or a e a re a ee n re a e o n e e er e u on e en e a n -
no e,

or A pp g g i t
o nd p S c d y 7 th s
a u r a, a u on e on ar .

A . l ay and w i t e t h e t u e c h o d o f t h e 1 1t h ( See 2 p
P r r in v ar i o u s m aj o r an d m i n o r
“
r .
, .

k e ys r e s o l vi ng it u po n To n i c h a m o n y Pl a c e t h e p a ts ab o v e t h e b ass n o t e in d i fferen t
, r . r -

p o siti o n s f o m tim e t o ti m e g
r , e . .

B . l ay an d w it e (fo t h e Pi ano fo r te) r h yth m ic a l p h ra s e s a nd s e nt e nc e s i n t ro d u c i ng

P r r , t he
fo ll o w i ng h arm o n i e s w h i c h sh o u l d als o be t ran sp s e d i n t o o th e k e ys
,
o r .

(d ) (e) (f )

(C ma j or (C m i nor (C
218 MEL OD Y AND HAR M ON Y .

'

C HA PTER x x v .

C H OR D OF TH E D OM I NA N T 1 3 m .

1A s in t h e a e o f t h e
. c s
o m n an D i t y
1 1 t h m an o f t h e o m n a o n r e ue n a ed a s
, c
b i ti s f q t ly c l ssi fi
13 th sm e re ly
re u ro m t h e s lt f s i p i t
o u n d n g o f A po gg a u r a a g a n the ord o f t h e o m n an 7 t h s i st ch D i t
o r t he D i
o m n an 9 t h o er t th s
aga n ar e n o i ng thi m
o re ,
an Se o n d ar 7 , ( , o
a o na th c y th s with cc si lly ,

o ne o r m o r e o f e r no e th i
ro m a i a t s ch t c lly lt
a e re d ) A s a o n e u e n e t h e n u m e r o f g e n ui n e . c sq c b ,

ch s
o rd o f t h e 13 t h o m ar a eis c p tiv ly s ll
m a , as will
be ee n r o m a o o i n t h e re en t s f w h t f ll ws p s
c h pt
a er .

2 pl t c h
Th e o m e e
. c D i t
ord o f t he b il t f m
o m n an D
1 3 t h as ut t by u p ro t he o mi n an r o o the ,

iti w ll f p it h ly s i t h t it is ly if v
,

ad d o n o f 3 rd s i be o u n d o n age 1 50, bu t
, n ee d ar d be a d a r a re , e er ,

fo un dwith its t s p s t
a ll no e t i s l ct i s f
re e n *
Ce r a n e e wh l s i s
on ro m t h e
. o e er e are m ad e , an d — a s
wi ht i s wh
t h e 1 1 t h— i t f pp t s
en t h e o u r uth t i s
er n o e of w p th t
a s er e ar e so d r a n u o n a t h e c om
b c i ti c l with c
bi n at i o n s e o m e d e n a y ch s
Se o n d a r o rd o f t he 7 t h .

3 Li ke t he 9th an d D o mi n an t m ay
1 1t h, t he 13 th f ro m t he

( 1 ) Mo v e as an App o ggi at ur a u p o r d o w n t o a n o t e o f t h e ch o r d o f t h e D o m i n a n t 7 t h o r 9 t h
,

( ii ) Re s o l ve (as an e sse nt i al n o t e ) u p o n a n ew cho rd .

4 . The A o gg pp it
c o m bi n ati o n s a e m an y an d v ar i e d ; s e v era l o f t h e s e h av e al r e ad y
a ur a r

b een iv
g e n in C a h pt e XVII Se c s 7 an d 8 ; o th er s will be f ou n d i n C h apte r X X III Se c 1 1
r , .
, .

it is th f e re o r e ar d h ly n e c e ss ary t o say m o r e a b o u t t h e m h e e T h e fo ll o wi n g e xt rac ts h o w e v e r r .

, ,

ar e i n t e r e sti n
g

(App o ggi at u ra 13 t h a g ain st D i

o m n an t 9 th h arm o n y)
.

Ga m a — Pianof mt e S t ii c ke ( O p .

(A pp it
o gg a u ra 13 t h a g a in st h
c o rd o f D o m in an m in o r 9 t h t
in Gm j a o r , an d Dom i n an t 7 th in C m a o r ) j .

Th e e e clb t ra e d e x am pl f
e ro m Bee th v o en
’
s C h l Sym p h y
o ra on m ad e so mu ch of by m y th
an eo r ist s
as an m an c e st o f a. c o mp le t e ch o rd o f t he Dom i n an t 13 t h ,

Roo t A .
( P)
is n ot o bable — it d i d n o t ar is f
e r o m a n e rr o r in t h e o r g n a i i lh o rn p ts i s f
ar ar m o re ra ti on
fi st v s p ss i t s
-

ch ith f cc t
,
as t he r in er ion of a o r d o f D mi n o r w o ur a en ed a ng n o e
-
, .
 220 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ONY .

CHO PIN . ll
— Ba ad e i n F ( Op .

( Ma j o r cc
1 3 t h a o m an p i ed by ro o t 3d r an d 7t h
f l
,

13 t h a lin g a ma j or th i d ) r

Cé s m Fa u na — Sym ph o ny i n D m i
no r.

( Ma j o r 13t h a cc om p i an e d by r o o t 8rd an d 7t h
s t ti
,

13 th rem a n ngi i a o n ar y) .

7 Th e “
. sh p
ar e n e d 5 t h o f t he o m n an o rd in a m a D i t ch j is s o m e t i m e s sp o k e n o f
or k ey as

a i th
M no r 1 3 is s
in d gui e, t h e : i n t h e o o n g e am e D f ll wi x pl s fo i n st an c e b e i ng r eg ard ed
, r , as
E xp i t ls t ti
e d e n Fa e No a o n fo r E b, t h e m n o r 1 3 ro m t h e i th f D o m i n an t r o o t ( G )

It is h o w e v e si mp l e
, r, r, an d in a cc d c with t h c t l m sic al imp ssi
or an e e a ua u re on p ro d u c e d t o
,

c o n si d er t h e D 1: as a “
“
c hr o m a ti c lt t i n f t h 5t h f t h e D o mi n t ch
a era o o e o an ord ( D — (S ee
C h ap t e r

8 . W h en is i n c l u d e d in t h e ch o
t h e 1 1 th rd o f t h e 13 th ,
t he h ar m o n y u su ally c on sis t s o f t he
fo u r u pper n o t e s o n ly o f t he c o m pl e t e s e r i e s

It t h en be c o m e s i d en ti c al with t h e Se c o n d a y cho rd o f t h e 7 t h u po n t h e Su b d o m i n an t and i t is

r ,

q it e need l e ss t o e fe r t h e c o m bi nati o n t o a s upp o s ed D o m i n an t o o t (Fo e x ampl e s see

u r r r
C h apt er X X I Se c s 3 an d
.

, .

“ : is si g i fic t th t c p s w ld d w iti s ch c s s b v h wv
I n an a no om o er ou re a m of r ng E 9 in u a e ast h e a o e, o e er
h m ig
e ht
r e ga r d t h e o r
g n o f t hei i ch
o r d , fo r t h e s i m pl s th t
e re a o n a he w ld b m
ou e akin g t h e p ss
a ag e m o r e
i
di fi c u lt t o r ead , t h e E D n e e d n g , i n t h e m a o r j ity o f c s s t
a e c t , o be o n r adi ct ed by a
h f ll w
in t h e o o in g
 ME LOD Y A ND H AR M ONY . 221
’ .

9 . Th e o cc si
l l o w er i ng o f t h e 3 d an d
a on a r 7t h by c h m ti c l t
ro a a era ti o n p ro d u c e s
”
m an y
ne w an d n i t er es ti n g v ar i e ti e s o f t h is ch o d e g r , . .

I —W. ith 3 rd ch ro m a tic lly l w

a o e re d .

I L— W ith 7th ch ro m a tic ally l we o re d * .

II I .
-
With b th 3
o r d an d 7t h ch ro m a tic lly l w
a o ered “

( 81 V)
1
31 V )
NB . . A ll t h e a b v ch
o e o rd sc o u ld , o f c o u r e, s be re g ar d e d a s h via n
g a D o m in an t i gi th s
or n, u

( Ro o t G ( P)

an d th t h F A C
en e; an d E w l d b c sid
ou e on e re d a s th e 7 t h , 9 t h , 1 1 t h , an d 1 3 t h sp ctiv ly f m
re e e ro G
t T hi s m th d f l ys i s i s h w v s wh t c b s s pp s s bs t
, , , ,

o an a o e e r, ome a u m e r o m e , an d “
ro o e o pre u
-
o e an a en e e
t wh s x i s t c i s th l s t d bt f l
. ,

ro o o e e en e at e ea ou u .

It i s p ss ibl th t th s ch d s
o ct ll y i s t c s
e a e e or are a ua n an e of t he ch o rd o f t h e Added 6t h w ith
ch m tic ll y ai s d t h p i ci pl f d t i b v
,

the 6t h ro a a r e , on e r n e r e e rr e o n Se c 7
. a o e, e .
g .

( S ee a ls o C h p t XXVI II
a er ,

Se c .

Th e cl ss ific ti
a a on is u ni m p t t wh
o r an , en o n c e th e m u s ic l
a efi ect h as b e e n au r a ll y d i s c e rn e d a n d m em o r i z e d
.
222 ME L OD Y AND HA R M ON Y .

1 0 Th e o. f ll o wi n g e x ampl e fr o m Gr i e g i s i n t ere s t i n g as a ff o d i ng a v ery b eau tif u l r u se o f 7

IV
an d t h e ro m a ch ti c alt era ti o n o f t h e s am e i n to

Ga m a — P ano i f ort e Co n c t er o .

p
Th e r o gre ss i s on at ( a) an d (b) giv e t h e bt
u n do u ed im p ssi re on of a Plag a l Cad en c e in ea ch c s a e,

i . e .
, o f Su dom b i n an t( no t Dom i
n an t) h arm o n yp c ro e e di n g t o To n ic .

PART -
WRI T I NG .

11 . In iti o n t o t h e i m p o t an t u l th a t t h e n o t e u p o n w h i c h
ad d r r e t he 13 th re o s l ve s sho u l d
not be s ou n d e d agai n st it t h e fo ll o wi n g hi n ts are u se f u l
,

( a ) Th e 1 3 th ,
in by far t h e gr ea t er n u m b e r of i n st an c e s s o u n d s b e tt er a bove t he
,
7 t h, e .
g
.

ww
(A k ard )

N B —T h e A pp o g g i a t w m 1 3 t h —
~ '

p tic l ly if it i s
ar u ar me l d ic lly p
o a ro m in en t— 4 h w v
8, o e er , q ui te
ff ct b l w t h
. .

f q re u en tly of go o d e e e o e 7t h , e .
g .

D o m i n an t h arm o n y
I
.
[

If t h e 7 t h is i n c l u d e d in t h e ch rd it is b e tt e — as
( b) o , r a ru e l — t h at t h e 1 3 t h sh ou l d no t
r e s o l ve by r ema i n i ng b u t th a t it sh o u l d l e ap a 3 r d d o w n e g
, , . .

b tt th
e er an

( S ee , h wvo e er, e x m pl
a e fr o m Cé s ar Fr an
I
ck i n S ec .
224 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ONY .

C HAPTE R XX V I .

CH ROM A TI C H A R M O N Y .

I — THE SU PE RT N C C H R MAT C TR A
. A ND C H R O I O I I D O D O F TH E SE V E NTH .

O I
— TH E T N C C H R MAT C CH R II
O F THE. O I O D S E V E NTH .

1 As t h e a t o f m u si c d e v e l pe d p ti c u l a ly o n i t s i n st ru m e n t al si d e t h e b o u n d ar i e s o f
. r o ,
ar r ,

t h e ke y b eg an i n c our s e o f ti m e t o be e n l a ge d n o t o n ly by m e an s o f t h e ch o m a ti c alt e a r ,
“
r r

t i o n s al read y spo ke n o f i n Ch pt e X X II bu t by t h e u s e o f c e t ai n d i a t o n ic c h o d s b e l o n gi ng
a r ,
r r

t o ad j a c e n t k e ys i n s u ch a t an si e n t m a n n a s t o c a u s e n o a c t u a l m o d u l a ti o n f o m t h e o ri gi n a l
r er r

To n ic c e n t r e T h e ch o rd s th a t o bvi o u sly l e n d t h e m s e l v e s m o st r ead ily t o t h is p o c e d u e a e

.
r r r

t h e Do m i n an t harm on i es o f t h e D o m i n an t an d Sub d o m i n an t k e ys .

2 In e a m e ( a )
. x pl b el o w ,
t he D o mi n an t ch o r d of t h e ke y o f G cl e ar ly pro d u c e s a m o d u l ati o n
f ro m key C t o k e y G

bu t i n x am pl e ( b) — fo t h e r ea s n t h a t n o si n gl e ch o rd d e fi n e s o r e sta bli s h e s a ke y—n o

e r o

m o dul a t i o n t ak e s pl a c e at all t h k ey f C m aj o b o t h p e c ed i n g a n d f ll o wi n g t h e ch o d i n
, e o r r o r

q u sti o n w h ich t h e e fo e b ec o m e s a c h o ma t i c t i d o n t h e S up e t o n i c o f t h at ke y Th e
e , r r r r a r .

t e nd en c y o f t h e F 1;t o s u gge st G m aj o r is cl e a ly c h e c k e d by t h e s u cc e e d i n g E h r

3 A . ch m t i c ch d t h f
ro a or ,
e re o r e , is a ch o rd w h i ch c o n t a i n s o n e o m o e r r no e t s fo r e i g n t o
t h e d ia o n i t c s c l b t whi c h lth a e, u ,
a oug h su
gg e s t ing o r th re a t e n i n g a m o d u l ati o n , d o e s n o t ac t u a lly
d ist u r b t h e i g i a l ke y c e n t e
or n -
r .

N B — Th m j 6th d mie a or an nor 7t h of t h e Me o d l ic Mi no r sc la e a re n o t ch ro m a tic bu t di a t icon

v l th g h t h f m h f c ss ity cci d t l
. .
,

e en a ou e or er as o ne e t o b e in d a ic t ed by an a en a .

TH E SU PE RT O NI C C H R O M AT I C TR I AD .

4 . The ch ro m a ti c t i ad r on t he Su p e t n i c is a m aj o t ri ad its 3
r o r , rd b i e ng t he ch ro m a ti c
no e , t *
e.
g .

( C minor ) .

S ee no e t i n Se c 3. b v w ith f
a o e re e r e n c e t o t he 5 th of thi s ch o rd in t h e m i nor f o rm o f t h e key .
 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M ON Y .
225

5 If fo ll o w e d b y a D o m in an t c o m m o n ch o d th is t ri ad i n d u c e s a m o d u l atio n t o t he D o mi
. r ,
‘

n a n t ke y s ee e x am pl e (a ) i n Se c 2) i t is t h er e fo re ch o m ati c o n ly if it is su cc ee d e d by
. r

(i )A ord on ach c t ini ng a n o e t th t c o t a n r ad i ct s t he s h arp en e d 3 rd (u s u ally a D o m i n an t

di s c or d— 7 t h 9 t h , e t c , .
)

C) V
.

or (11 ) so m e f o rm (u su ally an i n ver s i o n ) of To n i ch ar m o n y

p
C o m are t h e m o re u uas l p r o g re ss i s
on of t h e d i a t on i c ti r ad of t h e Su p t ic giv
er o n en in
C h pt
a e r XI I I , S e cs
3 an d 4 , . with t h e a b v x
o e e am pl s e .

6 Th e
. ch ro m a ti c ally r ais e d 3 rd i s as s e n siti v e as a L e ad i n g n o t e an d s hou ld no t be -

d ou ble d * In . wh a te v er p art o f t h e h ar m o n y i t appe ar s it s h o u l d — in p r o c eed i n g t o t he n e x t

c h o rd — e er i th r i s e o r f all a s e m it o n e (s ee ab o ve e x am pl e s ) .

(A wkw ard )

l ti
a on .

N B — Th e ch ro m a tic 3 r d, h w v
o e e r, c s s d s t st d i F l s
in m an y a e oe no an n a e Re l ti
a on t o t h e 7t h of
y s th p t i t h f ll w in g ch d g
. .

t h e D o m in a nt h arm o n , o un ded in an o er ar n e o o or , e . .

WA G NE! Tan n li au s e r .
”

( G oo d )

It is
c s t h L di n g t f
of o ur e, e ea -
no e o i
t h e D o m n an k e y t
Th e p hibiti
ro o n as to d o ub li g i s l x d
n re a e at

ti m s m plifyi g f p a t h m y f c t i w ll d fi
.

i f t v th ly
,

e in a n ou r -
r ar on o r t h e P an o o r e , b u t e e n en , o n u n der er a n e -
e ned

co ndit i s ( A pp d ix B)
on se e en .
226 MEL OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y .

THE SU PE R T O NI C C H R O MAT I C CH O R D O F TH E 7 ma '

.

7 . A 7th is f e que n tly ad d e d t o t h e S p er to ni c c h ro m a ti c tr i ad wh e n t h e ch o rd p ro d u c ed is

r u ,

o b vi sly i
ou d en ti c al with t h e D o m i n an t 7 t h o f t h e Do m i n an t ke y

( C ma j or.
) (C m i nor .

T h is c h
o rd is t eate d in p ac ti c ally t h e s ame m an n e r as t h e ch ro m a ti c t i ad a l e ad y c o n si d ere d
r r r r ,

t he o n a dd ly iti o n al p o i n t t o be n o ti c e d b e i n g t h a t o f t h e m o v e m en t o f t he 7 t h its e lf wh i c h in ,

t he m a o r j ity of c as e s
(i ) Fa lls ( o r , at ti m e s , r i s es) one d e gr e e, if fo ll o w e d b y a D o m i n an t d is c o rd

or
( ii ) r em a i n s, if fo ll o w e d b y To n i c h a rm on y

Co m p ar e t he re s l ti s
o u on of the d i t ic ( S c
a on e o n d ar y ) ch o rd of t h e 7t h u p on t he Su p t ic
er o n

( Ch ap t e r s XX an d XXI ) with t h b v e a o e e x m pl s
a e .

8 As t h e
. i n ver si o n s fo ll o w t h e s am e pr i n cipl e s o f p o g e ssi o n as t h e ro o t po si t i o n fu r t h e r r -
, r

r e m ar ksu nd er this h ead a e u nn e c e ss a y Th e s u c c ee d i n g e x t ac t fr o m Sc h u m an n p o v i d e s a

r r . r r

b tif l x pl e o f t he 2u d i nv er si o n o f t h e Su p e t o n i c c h ro m ati c ch o rd o f t h e 7t h in ke y F
eau u e am r , ,

re s o lvi n g u p o n t h e 1 s t i n v e si o n o f t h e D o m i n a n t 7 t h
r

S M NN —Pi f t C c t cu U A . ano or e o n er o .

A nda n te .

N B — Th e 7t h
. . r is se , to v id t h
a o e dou bli n g of t h e L e a din g -
no e t (c om p ar e C h p t XV
a er , Se c .

9 A
. lt h o u gh t h e t re at m en t o f t h e 7 t h as d e t ail ed i n Se cs
7 and 8
. i s th at w h i ch is mo t s
fre q e n t ly a d h e re d t o i t is n o t u n c o m m o n t o fi n d t h e 7 t h leap i ng t o a no t e of t he To n ic
h u
,

c o rl
ME ND E LSSO HN . V i ti ns sé i s s
ar a o r eu e .
228 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ONY

Pl ay
w it f m y f ll wi p ssi s g g
i th e m in v ari o u

ti m s an d e n d e a v o u ri n g t o d e c o r at e th e m with p a ssi n g n o t e s (acc en t e d a nd u n a cc en t e d ) an s

B .
( an d r e o m m e o r ) t h e o
r o n g r o gr e o n arr an n ,

,
e
-

c h o r d fi gu r e s
-
T an sp o s e th e m i n t o all k e ys m aj o r an d m i n o r
. r ,

31 1 7
r V VI 3u 1
v I
.

b h 0

r
—1 r
— - ‘
fl
7
3 11 am 7
1
8
11 I 1
h
7
u
h
v ;
3 11
0 d 1
h
I 1
0
v I

( I n m i n or key on ly ) . (I n m aj o r k ey o nl y ).

0 H arm o ni z e t h e foll o wi ng m e l o d y fo r t h e Pi ano fo r t e in tro d u c i n g a ,

Su pe rt o n i c ch m ati
ro c

cho d o f t h e 7 t h )— di rect o r i n ve t ed — at e ach

.

ti
r ad ( or r r x .

l — Key C Ke y E h
( b
) l l l l
t . .

D Beginni n g as un d e r,
. Long e re H i te
n u n e , in t h e k e
wr a
y of Am t
-
ym t
n o r , m o d ul a n g -
mi ti
to s c i
t he k ey o f C m a o r i n t h e j
e o n d l n e , ou ng t he e o f E m n o r an d t chi
m n o r in t h e k ys
ir d i D i th
l c cl i wit h
i n e , a n d o n u d ng f th lit he o u r n e in A m n o r n r o d u e fo u r e a m e i
o f t h e Su e rI t . c x pl s p
i c ch
t on ti c t i
ro m a ch
r ad
(o r o rd o f t he 7 t h , ea
) t o b e r e a e d d ffe r e n ro t he och er , t t i tly f m th s
i c s pi c
d ur ng t h e o u r e o f t h e e e .
 ME L OD Y A ND HA R M ON Y . 229

E . Wo r k t he fo ll o wi n g Fi gu r e d -
b ss i f
a n our p a tsr . M ak e t he h i gh s t p t
e ar as me lo d io us as

p o s s ibl e i n t ro d u c i n g o c c asi o na l p assi ng n o t e s (in any o f t h e p ar ts) w h er e s u it ab l e

,
-

6 hfi 6 9 8 6 9 8 6
4 4 Se qu e n c e .

2 .

6 7 s 6 t e — b7
us
‘

5 4 4 s
2 3

O NI C CHROMAT I C CH O RD O F THE 7m
T HE T .

11 J u s t as t h e D o m i n an t h ar m o n y o f t he D o m in an t ke y i n E
.
(a ) i n Se ct i o n 2 c au s e d x .

a m o d u l a ti o n f o m C m a j o r t o G m aj o
r so t h e D o m i n a n t 7 t h c h o r d o f t h e S u bd om i n a n t key i n
r,

t h e f o ll o wi n g p ass age p ro d u c e s an e q u a lly e m p h a ti c m o d u l a ti o n t o F maj or

12 . T h is c h o rd c an , h w v
o e er , ls o u s e d i n s u c h a t ran si e n t m ann er
be a as n o t to affe ct t he
k ey -
c t e n re it th e n b e c o m e s a ch ro m ati c c h o d o f t he 7 t h u p o n t h e To ni c
r

13 . The v a i o u s p siti o n s
r o of t he C m aj o r an d C m ino r re sp e c ti v e ly app ear
, as

f o ll o ws
( C ma j or .
(C m i nor
.
)

It w i ll b e o bs v
er ed th ta t h e 7t h i s ch r om a tic in t h e m a j or f o rm of t h e ke y, t h e 8r d c h ro

m at ic i n t he m in or f o rm .
230 '

ME L OD Y AND H A R M ONY .

14
'
Th e Ch ro m at ic c h o r d o f t h e 7 t h u p o n t h e To n ic is far l e ss fre qu en t ly u se d th an th at o n
p t ic i t s e ffe c ti v e i n t ro d u c ti o n (u n l e ss ac c o m pan l ed b y a
.

t h e S u e r o n , an d t h e o pp t iti s
o r un e fo r
i
m n o r 9 t h) ar e s
om e wh t
a r are , arp ti c l ly in t h e m i n o k e y It e s o l v e s u p o n
u ar r . r

(i) A D o m i n an t d is c o rd (7 t h 9 t h e t c ) a s i n Se c 1 2 o in t h e f o ll o wi n g e x am pl e
, ,
. . r

(V)
7
C

thi s s l ti t h 3 d m v s
In re o u on e r o e a 2n d u p or do w n , an d t h e 7 th r i s s ch
e a rom a ti c s t
e mi o n e .

(n ) Su p e t o n i c chr o m at i c h a m o n y
r r

H er e t h e 3 r d r is se a w h o le t o n e, an d t h e 7t h f ll s
a a 2n d T hi s x e am pl w ld
e ou be e q lly
ua

th s
.

e ff ctiv
e e i n t h e m in o r f o r m o f t h e k ey, u

(i ii) b
A Su d o m n an i
r ad , t ti p o v i d ed th a t s o m e fo rm o f D o m i n an t h ar m o ny i m m edia te l y
r

fo ll o ws , to e ch c k
t h e en d e n t c y t o w ar d s t h e Su b d o m i n an t key e g , . .

) ( IV
C

I th b v p ss g t h S b d m i t t i d is s cc d d by D m i t m in
n e a o e a a e e u o n an r a u ee e a o nan or 9t h ; t h e i? B
i th s c
s u t ct d by B q d t h i gi l t li ty i s d i s t b d A f m i li
o un e ra e a , an e or na o na un ur e a ar an d ch
arm i n g
i st c f thi s s l ti i s t b f d t th c cl si f t h l w m v m t f l ss h
.

n an e o re o u on o e o un a e on u on o e s o o e en o M e n d e o n ’s
Pi f t C c t i G mi
an o o r e on er o n n or
Mmm m so rm .
—Co n ce rt o ( Op .

Th e Ba ss E i b s 2—4n ar of the a b v o e e xt ct i s
ra a To n ic P e d a (s e e Al pp en di x A) .
23 2 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .

CHAPTER XXV II .

CH R OMA TI C CH OR D S O F TH E NIN TH , E LE VE N TH

A ND TH I R TEE N TH
'

I — SU PE RT O NI C AND T O NI C NI NT H S
. .

1 . A M AJ O R or mi no r f
9 t h ro m t h e r o o m ay o t b viou sly be add ed t o t h e Su p er to n ic an d
To n i c ch ro m a ti c c ho r d s o f si il
t h e 7 t h , u n d e r m ar o n di c t i o n s a s o b t ain in t he c ase o f D o m inan t
h m y
ar on , e .
g .

(Su pe rt o nic .
( Ton ic .
( Su p t i
er on c ) ( Ton ic .

( C maj or ) . i
( C m nor ) .

th e 9th bi e ng e it h er ma j o r or mino r i n t he m aj or k ey, an d a l m o s t i nv ar i ab ly mi n o r in t h e

mi no r key .

2 . Th e 9 t h i n th s ch o d s m y lik t h e 9 t h f
e e r D o m i n ant be ( i ) m e re ly an Appo ggi a
a , e o t he ,

t u ra w h e n l t s t rea e n n ee o ur e r o en o r (ii ) an e ss en ti al n o te o f t h e ch o d
, tm t d s n f th c mm t ,
r .

I n t h e l att er c a s e t h e 9 t h wi ll u s u ally ( a ) m o v e u p o d o w n a 2md o r ( b) r e m ai n e g

, r , ,
. .

( i ) Su p e r t o n i c 9 th s .
 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY . 23 3

( 1 1) To n i c 9 t h s .

3 i v si s t h e se ch o r d s — i n whi ch t h e ro o t d o e s n o t app e ar — are m u ch m o re

Th e n er o n o f
.

o ft w it h th
en m et i re c t p o si t i o n an d i n t h e c as e o f t h e mi n or 9 t h the y p o v i d e f ur th e r
an t h e d , r

inst c s fm Dimi ni s h e d 7 t h ch o rd
an e o f t h e a ilia r

( Ro o t D o mitt ed (Ro o t C om itt ed

Th e f ll wi g xt ct s il l s t t s m eff c t iv e u s s o f
o o n e ra u ra e o e e e t he i nve r si o n s of t he “
e ss e n t i al
”
Su p e r
t o ni c d T i c 9th s
an on

Bnnr n o s .
—So nata ( Op . 2, No .

Bro n x . st J
La ud g me nt

Wanama Die Meis t si

er nger. S r Sank a — “ Rou
. t ’
d Om phale .
23 4 MEL OD Y AND HA R M ON Y .

t h e n e xt e x am pl e s o m e i n t ere sti ng App o ggi a t se s t he d i r e ct D o m i n an t an d

“ of
In ,
ur a u

Su Pe r t o n ic 9 t h s are sh e w n
Z D E NKO Ere t o s . t
S i mmu ngen
0

( Op . 4 1, No .

E X PE DI E NT FAL SE N O T AT IO N .

4 . The w e ll k n o w n p a ss age i n
-
Be e th vo en
’
s So n a t ( Op
a . 3 1 No , .
3)
A llegro

II I

is an il l u st r ati o n o f t h e c as e o f a c h o r d b e i ng w rit t en i n t w o diffe en t w ays Th e Su p e t o n i c r . r

m i n o r 9 t h ( G D) i n t h e ke y o f E fl at m aj o is i n b ar s 6 a n d 7 ch an ge d t o Fit fo r t h e a pp a e n t
r , , ,
r

p u po se o f av o i di n g t h e c o n t rad i c ti o n o f th e G b by q as is n e c e ssar y i n t h e fi st i nst an c e

r -
r .

Th m i n o 9 t h (e it h er fr o m t h e S u p e t o n i c o r t h e To n i c r o o t ) is f r e q u e n tly w r i tt e n a s an
e r r

a u gm e n t e d 8 t h f o m th a t ro o t as h e e
r
( ) i n o r d e t o a vo i d t h e u se o f n ee d l e ss a c c i d e n t a ls a n d
r , r ,

t h e ch an ge so m ad e i n t h e m e t h o d o f w iti n g t h e ch or d is u s u a lly k n o w n as E xp ed i en t F a ls e
r

No ta ti on .
*

Th e pass age f ro m St Sae n s Ro u e t .

’ “
d O m ph ale
’
ls o q u o te d
a , i n Se c 3
. is , as a ma tt e r
o f f a c t w r itt e n as fo ll o ws i n t h e s c o e
, r

th at is wit h a t w o fol d e x am pl e o f E xp e d i en t Fa ls e
,
-
No t a ti o n ,
w h i ch c l e arly s av e s t h e u se o f
t w o ac ci d e n t als (Baan d D u
) i n t h e f o ll o wi n g bar .

th p
Th e au o r o f th e re e n s tv l
o um e , i n hi s p f s tt
P r ac t ic al H a r m on y? ( ag e 8 2) r e e r t o th e m a er o f
x t s t ti
E p e di e n Fal e No a o n in e e th s t s
er m Su ch f ls t ti h w v c v i t
a e no a on , o e er o n e n en t o t h e r ea d er o f
mu s ic i s c t i y p z l
, e r a nl uz i n g at r fi s t th s
to o e w ho m a t i ly s
y b e ry n g t o an a p tic l ch
e an y ar u ar o rd
s t t s th f c f y s c t i by c t xt w h t ch q s ti i s
.

The u d en mu t, er e o re , ar e u ll t he on e in a ke
er a n
y t he o r d in
a ue on
th c p t t ch w ith t ti c h tic s c
,
and en o m are t h e n o a i o n o f t h e o rd t h e n o a o n o f t h e H arm o ni C r o m a al e t o f
th t
a t th t
k e y A ny n o e
. a did e rs r o m f thi s c s tit t s c s
on u e a a e of E xp t
e di e n s t ti
Fal e No a o n h W en .

Wh y Be e th v di d t d p t thi s i b s 4 d 5 f t h b v xt ct i s d ifi lt t
o en no a o n ar an o e a o e e ra cu o see
J s p h Willi m s L t d 1 S A pp di x C
.

o e a , . ee en .
23 6 ME L OD Y A ND H A R M N Y O .

ca la n d o.

(a) Su sp s i
en o n of Dom i n an th arm o n y vo er To n ic b ss
a .

Be g i n t he ab o v x ci s th s
e e er e u

C H ar m o ni z e
. t he fo ll o wi ng F i gu r e d Ba ss i n f o u r p ar ts .
’
An alys e t he h mony
ar

th ro ugho u t .

D , Pl ay and w rite p h ase s i n c l ud i ng e ac h

r of t he fo ll o wi n g ch o r d s

The m e o d y l of t he t o p p t will
ar be f o un d to p c
ro ee d ma in ly l a ong t he C h ro m a tic s c l li
a e ne

sc
.

( as c i
e n d n g an d d e e n din g )
.
 ME L OD Y AND HARM ONY . 23 7

E . lyse t h e h ar m o n y o f t h e fo ll o wi n g p ass age po i n ti ng o u t an y e x am pl e s o f ch o rd s

(i ) An a ,

o f t h e 9t h wit h E x ed i e n t Fa ls e No t a t i o n R e w r it e th e s e acc o rd i n g t o t h e n o t a ti o n o f t h e
p
-
.

Har m o n i c C h o m a ti c s c a l e o f t h e k ey i n w hi ch th e y are f o u n d
r .

SPO H R . L as t J ud gmen t .
"

( ) Re
11 -
wr i te simil ar ly t h e fo ll o wi ng e x tra ct with , no a t ti in a o r d an e
on cc c wi th t he
d er iv ati o n o f t h e v a ri o u s c h o d s i n t h e k e
r
( y o f C 3;m aj o r) . An alys e t h e h arm o n i e s fu lly .

Ow n s —Noc t urn e ( No . in G m i nor .

L en t o .

( ii i) D eal si m il ar ly w ith t he fo ll o wi n g (key D D m aj o r )

L en t o sost en u t o . Gn o r m — No . ct urn e ( No . in D Dmaj or .

N B— Th e D D in th e b ss th
a ro u g h t thi s p ss g i s T ic p d l i
ou a a e a on e a n t h e key of D b m aj o r an d
is l y si s l ss it d fi it l y f m s p t f t h h
. .
,
m ay be d re g ar d e d in t he an a , un e e n e or ar o e ar m o n y .
23 3 MEL ODY A ND H AR M O NY .

II — SU PE RT O NI C AND T O NI C E L E V E NTH S AND T H I RTE E NTH S

. .

5 By ad d i g thi d s a b o v e t h e C h o m at i c ch o r d s o f S u p e rt o n i c an d T o n i c 9 t h i t i s o f
. n r r , ,

c o u s p ssibl e t o fo m S p e to n i c an d To n i c 1 1 t h s an d 1 3 t h s in t h e s am e m an n er as i n t he
r e, o r u r ,

c as e o f D o m i n an t ha m o n y V e y fe w w o d s a e n e c e ssary u p o n th e s e a e ly u s e d c h o rd s t h e
r . r r r r r -

1 l t h a n d 1 3 t h a e m o st f q ue n tly m e t with i n t h e fo m o f App o ggi a t u ras an d as s u ch m e re ly

r re r , , ,

e m b e llish t h e S p e t o n i c o r To n i c ch o d s o f t h e 7 t h o
u r 9th e g r r ,
. .

S N B NN — Ov t “
W d ymph T ER DALE E ET T er u re , oo -
n .
”

( x Su p t ic i
er o n m nor 9th ( in k e y C) in sc e ond i v si
n er o n, w ith “
a pp i t
o gg a u r a
”
11th ( or
re o s lvi ng o n 3 rd )
si
.

WA GNER . Die Meist er nger.

( x To n ic m i no r 9t h ( i n k e F
y )
— F f“ b w it h a pp i t
o g g a ur a 13 th (o r 6 th) re o s lvi ng by l p
ea
u p on 3 rd of s am e ch o rd . T h e C in t h e b ss i s
a 3. Do m i n an t

6 . As an e ss e n ti a l h ar m o n y t he S up er t oni c 1 l t h is on ly fo u n d in c t ain i v t
er n e r ed fo m s
r

(t h e ro o t a nd 3 rd b e i n g o m itt e d ) , e .
g .

( C ma j or .
) (C m i nor .
)

wh en i t is o bvi o u sly n o t h i n g m o e th an a Se c o n d ar y 7 t h u p o n t h e m aj o r 6 t h o f t h e s c al e ( wi t h
r

its 5 t h s o m e ti m s c h o m a tic ally l o w e e d ) E x a m pl e s o f t h is ch o rd will be fo u n d in E x (g) i n

e r r .

C h a pt e X X I Se c 3 also i n E x ( b) i n Se c 5 o f t h e s am e ch a pt er
.

r , . . . .

.7 .Th e To n i c 1 1 t h is p o ssibl e u n d er si m il ar c o n d iti o n s w i t h o ut r oo t or 3 r d ) , bu t — s av e

in f
t h e o rm g e n e lo iv b w

it is p cti c ally u s e l e ss E v en th en i t is e xt rem e ly d ou bt f ul if i t is a n e ss e n ti al h ar m o n y at all

ra .

sic al e ffe c t b e i ng m u ch mo re th at o f D om i n an t 7 t h h ar m o n y p re c ed ed by a d oub l e

,
t he m u
pp
A o ggi a t u a ( A 2: an d rt hu s

th an of i n v er si o n o f a To n i c m i n o r 9 t h an d 1 1 t h ( ro o t
t h e 3 rd r e s o l vi n
g u p o n t h e 1 st
i n v er s c h o d o f t h e Do mi n an t 7 t h The c o m bi n ati o n Wo u l d c er t ai n ly in t h e gr eat
i o n o f t he r
m aj o ri ty o f ca se s be w r i t te n wi th A : an d O ff in p re fe r en c e t o E Uan d D D
.

, .
240 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ONY .

E X E R C I SE S O N SU PE RT O NI C AND T O NI C E L E V E NTH S AND T H I RT EE NTH S .

I . H ar m o n iz e t h e fo ll o wi n g Fi g u red Ba ss , an a lysi n g t h e h a rm o n y t hr o u gh o u t .

. ss s th 1 1 th d 1 3 th
N B — I n Fi g ur e d Ba
.
l m s t i v i bly i d ic t d
e e 4 th
and 6t h ar e a o n ar a n a e as a an a
t i t h d i ct p siti y p s iti s ll y
.

f m th f t h ch d f t h ch d
_

ro e roo n e T h 13 t h i
re o on o e or e n an o on o e or u ua
s d s b s t w h it i s p l c d i t h hi g h s t p t ( t y t b v t h 7 t h ) I thi s c xi
, .
, ,

oun e en a e n e e ar or a an ra e, a o e e n on ne on,
th f it s h l d b m m b d th t w h v i th s m s( i
.

e re o r e , ou 7
e re d 6 cc
e e re t f fig
a en e er a an a o ur n e a e se o u re as n
b s 1 d 2 f t h b v x ci s ) t h t p s t d by t h 6 s h l d b p l c d b t h 7t h
,

ar an o e a o e e er e , e no e re re en e e ou e a e a o ve e .

II . Wr it e ph r as e s fo r t h e P a n o i fo r t e i n tro d u c i ng t h e fo ll o wi n g c h o rd s
,
 ME L OD Y A ND HARM ONY . 241

C H A PTE R XX V III .

CH R OM A TI CA LL Y A LTR RE D -
CH ORD S

T HE CH O RD O F T H E A U G ME NTE D SI X T H .

1 . T HE ch ord o f t h e Au gm e n t ixth pro vi d e s

ed S an o th e r i n st an c e o f a ch o rd p c
rod u ed by
ch ro m a ti c alt erati o n . In e x am pl e (a ) b e l o w

t h e 5t h of t he ch o rd o f t he D o m i n an t 7 t h o c c u ri ng o n t he s e co n d b e at o f ba 1 is d e c o rat ed
,
r r ,

on t h e thi rd b ea t by a . c h ro m ati c p assi n g—n ot e ( D b) o n its w ay d o w n t o t h e ro o t o f t h e To n i c

,

ch ord i n t he n e xt bar . S i m il a ly i n e x am pl e ( b)
r ,

t h e 5t h o f t h e ch dor of t h e Su pe to n i c
r i
m no r 9t h is de c t
o r a ed by a ch m ti c p ssi ng no t
ro a a -
e

( A b) , in e r e ds t b tw
e ee n t he A an d t he G in t h e a b ss .

2 . O n t he pl an d e s c ib ed in C a er
r h pt XX II t h e D b a d t h e A b i n s te ad o f b e i n g t ak en
, n , as
p assi ng no t es
-

,
m ay be s u bs t i t u te d fo r t h e d i at o i c n o t e s f o m w h i c h th e y spri ng th u s
n r ,

thi s m e an s fo r m ng i in ea ch c s a e a ch o rd in w h i ch t h er e app e ar s t he s t ri ki ng i n ter val of

d li ne s ) .
9 42 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ONY .

3 T e e h ar m o n hs i e s ar e d e s cr ib e d as ch o rd s o f t h e Au gmen t e d Sixt h u po n t h e m ino r 2nd

s o f t h e m aj o r o r mi no r s c a l e r e sp e c ti v e ly an d a e fo un d i n t h e fo ll o wi ng
.

i
an d m n o r 6 t h d e gr ee ,
r

fo rm s
Fren ch“ “
Ge rman
S ixth . S ixth .

(O n M i nor 2nd (O n M nor i 6t h

o f sc l a e .
) o f sc l ae .
)

ch i s t c t h b i b ck t i
N B — In ea n an e e n ra e s n di c t es
a t he ch ro m a tic l l y lt d t
a -
a er e no e in t h e a b ve
o
x m pl s w hich bvi sly m l y v i t s p t ic h m y
.

f D mi t
.

e a e , ar e o ou e re ar a n o o n an or Su er on ar on

D o m i na n t . S u pe rt o ni c ( C hr o m at ic ) .

7 t h ( i n co m p l ete ) . 7t h (c o m p l e t e) . M ino r 9t h . 7 t h ( i n co m p le t e ) . 7t h (co m p l e t e ). M ino r 9t h .

4 . ch d f t h A gm t d Six th p n t h m i no 6t h o f t h e s c l i s f m
The or o e ft
u en e u o e r a e ar o re o en m et
wit h t h t h t p t h mi an 2 d I ts m s t s l s l tio s
a . u on t h s c mm n t
e nor n . o u ua re o u n ar e o e o o o t he
S p t i c d is c d o f w h i ch it 3 v i d f m ( s h ew n bo ve) vi z p n '

u er on or a ar e or as a , .
, u o

(i ) D o m i a t h m n y n n ar o .

( ii ) T i c h m y on ar on .

N B — All
. . th s x
e e e am pl s e ar e e q lly v il bl
ua a a a e in t he Mi n o r f o rm o f t h e key .

The o o f ll w ing is a b a t if u l
e u ill u s tra t i on o f t h e G e rm an 6t h ( p ro bab ly the mo st c o m m o n
f o rm o f t he ch ord ) ,
r e s o l v i n g u p o n To n i c h ar m o n y

Bas r n o vs n . No .

( )
’
c

N B — All th e
. . a b v x mpl s s h w th t t h
o e e a e e a e n a ura t l t d cy
en en of the t w o no e t sf o r m in g t he a ct l
ua
i n ert vl a of Au g m e n t d 6t h is t m i c t
e o o ve n o n r ar y m o tio n t o o ne a no t h e r , by s t p e of a s t
e mi o n e.

Th e th re e mo u ua st s l f
o rm s f t h ch d
o f q e or a re re t l y d s c ib d by th s sp ci l m s
u en e r e e e e a na e T h ey
h v l ttl p h ps c v i t m s f d s c i p ti d f m m i ti n
.

a e i e or n o m e an in g, bu t are er a a on en en e an o e r o n an o e or z a o .

i Th e c s c tiv
on e u e 5 t h s h e r e, by s t p f s m it
e o a e o n e , ar e p si bl if
os t l w y s d e si bl
e, no a a ra e.
24 4 M E L OD Y A ND H AR MO NY .

7 . Th e i nve si o n s o f t h e c h o r d
r are po s s ibl e

I t li
a an S ixth . Fre n ch
S ixth . Ge r man S ixth .

( l st inv ) . (2nd in v ) .
( 3 rd inv ) .

—an d so o n A o . ls si m il a ly wit h t h e Augm e n t ed Sixt h u po n t h e m i n o 2n d It is h o w e v er

r r .
, ,

on ly t h e “
G e r m an S ixth whi c h is at all f e q u e n tly f o u n d i n an i n v e t e d f o m
r r r .

8 .
l e ss u se d fo m s o f t h e c h o rd o f t h e
Tw o r Au g m e n t ed 6th u po n t he m ino r 6th of t he s c al e
are ill u st a t e d by t h e fo ll o wi ng e x am pl e s
r

HAY D N . Crea ti on .
”

Soni x nrx — No c t nrne, 0p 5

. . .

U p on t h e m in o r 6t h of k ey C t h e a b v ch
o e o rd s w l d pp
ou a e ar th s u

( Co m p ar e th s e e w ith t h e e x m pl s i
a e n Se c .

9 . A c om bin atio n si m il ar i n c o n st u c tio n t o t h e G e m an ch o d s o f Au gm e n t ed 6 t h spo k en

r r r

of a o b ve c an be f o m e d u p o n t h e S u b d o m i n a n t o f t h e m aj o
r k e y as f o ll o w s r ,

Iv

h ro m a t ic p ss i t f i ng i t v l t f t b
t h e Su d o m i
d
a ng no e,
-
o rm n er a o f au g me n ed 6t h ro m the ro o of n an t
ch or

T h is c om bi nati o n m ay be u e d ass an i n d e p e n d e n t c h o r d re o s lvi ng u p o n To n ic h arm o ny

an d is v i tu ally a c h
r ro m a tic ally al te -
r ed v sier on o f t he ch o rd m ar k e d (a) b e l o w

N B — So m e
. . th eo r i st s r e g ar d
t he D i as E x p d i t F ls
e en a e No t ti f
a on orE b, a n d d e r e t h e s c ib ch o rd
as t he 3 r d i v si o n o f t h e D o mi n a n 9 t h I t l th an d 1 3 t h , but thi s i s c b s
um e r o m e e x p lah at i o n
n er a
( S ee
h pt XXV S
, .

C
,

a er , e c 9 , E x II )
. . .
 M E L OD Y A ND HARM ON Y .
24 5

X E RCI SE S U PO N T H E CH O RD S O F TH E AU G ME NTE D 6 m
E .

A . Pl ay ( an d w r i t e f r o m m em o r y ) t h e f o ll o wi n g p r o gr e ssi o n s i n t h e u su al w ay t r an sp o s in g ,

t h e m i n t o a ll k e ys .

N B — Th ch d f t h A gm t d 6 t h p
. . e or th mi
o e 6t h u f th m jen e s c l i s i di c t e d
u on e nor o e a or a e n a

th s VL ; th t p t h m i 2 d t h H Th bb vi ti s It Fr G im p ly sp e ctiv ely
V‘
u ,
’
a
6
u on e nor n u s, e a re a on er re
t h It li ch d G m f m s f th s ch d s
, . .
,
.
, .

e F a an , r en an er an or o e e or .
’

It .

“s 7
i : v 1 v I

Fr . G er .

7 6 s 6
v
0
1s iv
c
v
c
H We

B .
Pr e c e d e an d fo ll o w ea ch ch o rd o f t h e Au gm e n t ed 6th b y a s it b l e h a m o n y
u a r

C . fo ll o wi ng m e l o d y i n fu ll h arm o ny fo r t h e Pi an o fo te H ar m o n iz e o n ly
Har m o n iz e t he r .

w h er e i n d i c at e d by s m all n o t e s b e n eath t h e m e l o d y an d i nt ro d u c e a ch o rd o f t h e Au g
t he ,

m e n t e d 6 t h (d i re ct o i n v e t e d ) w h e e v er t h e l e tt e r s I F an d G ( si gn ifyi n g an It ali an F e n ch
r r r , , r

a n d G e m an 6 t h e sp e ct i ve ly o cc u r
r
) r

Th e st
f m l ft t i g ht t h g h t h VI i s ct ll y t c ss y i
ro k e ro e o r ro u e a ua no ne e ar n t he m i k y t h s ixt h
no r e as e
f t h sc l is l dy m i i th f m t h T ic A h w v x ci s s i S A ,
d g e re e o e a e a rea a n or s x ro e on . s, o e e r, t h e e er e n ee . ar e

i t d d t b w k d i b th m j
n en e o d mie k ys it i s c
or e v i tt n o a or an nor e on en e n o le t th e i d ic ti “
o ne WE n a o n,
ep s t thi s p tic l ch d f A gm t d 6 t h i ll c s s
,
,
r re en ar u ar or o u en e n a a e .
246 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M O N Y .

r r
I
B nnno r
.

A ”)

l
( m e o dyin 8 ves t o en d

J l
‘
r .

D . P l ay an d w it e p h ras e s an d s e n t e n c e s i n t ro d u ci ng t he fo ll o wi n g h arm o ni e s
r . Tr an sp o s e
th em i n t o va i o u s k e ys m aj o an d m i n o r
r ,
r .

(f ) (9)
 ‘
24s ME L OD Y A ND HA R M ONY .

( 11) pp ro ach a ch o d as a ch ro m a ti c h a
To a r rmon y in t he fi st r k ey, an d to quit i t as a

d i a to ni c h a m o n y i n t h e s e c o n d e g
r , . .

111 od e r a t o .

c v s l y t h ( ch
H er e on er e e ro m a tic ) t i r ad o n t he l w
o ered 2u d of the sc l a e of C ma j b c
or e om e s
i s q itt s ch
, ,

t he (d i t ic ) S b d m i
a on utti d o n an r a o f A Dm j a o r , an d u ed as u .

Maest oso
. .

In thi s i s t c
n an e i v si c
t h e 2n d n e r o n o f t h e Se o n d ar 7 t h o n t h e S u e r o ni o f C m ay p t c j
or ( w ith
fl tt a en ed 5 th ) i s q i tt d
u e i v si
as t h e 3 r d n e r o n o f t h e D o m n an i t
m a o r 9 th o f t h e k ey o f E [7 m a j j o r.

(ii i) To r egar d t he piv o t

O
c ho rd as c h ro m a ti c i n bo t h k e ys ,
e .
g .

In thi s c sa e t he ch rom a tic t i r a d on the l w

o e r ed 6t h of C ma j b c
or e om e s t h ch e ro m a tic t ir ad
on t he lwo e re d
”
2md o f Gm j
a o r. .

4 . h
Fu r t er, t h e pl an o f m aki n g a si ng l e -
t
no e b o n d o f u n i o n b e t w e e n o n e ke y an d
t he
an o th e r m ay be ad o pt e d w e re t h e
, h co m m o n is fo u n d i n ( say) t h e To n i c ch o rd o f t h e
no t e
fi s t key a
r n d a c hmo ma t i c c hor d o f t he 7 t h o r 9 t h i n t h e s e c o n d ke y e g , . .

A lleyr et t o .

H e re t w o p iv t t s
o -
no e C a n d E , are o u n d i n f (i ) t h e To n ic ch o rd of A m i
n o r, an d (u ) t he
p t c ch
,

Su e r o ni ro m a tic ch o rd o f t h e 7 t h in B D m a o r j .
 ME L OD Y A ND H A R MO N Y . 249

(P iv t n tes
o -
o
A m i n or
.

In thi s c s
a e t he piv t t s A
o -
no e an d C ar e f ou nd in (i ) t h e To n ic ch or d of A m i n o r , an d (n ) t he
To n ic i m no r 9th o f ma B j or .

O NI C M OD U L AT IO N
E NH ARM .

5. Mo d u l at i o n b y e n h a m o n i c m ean s is m o st r e ad ily a cc o m plis hed b y t h e ch o r d s o f

r
*

Di m i n ish e d 7 t h an d Au gm e n t e d 6 t h T he ch o rd o f t h e Di m i n is h d 7 t h i s by i t s n at u re an am
. e

bi guo u s ch o d an d — u n lik e t h e D o m i n a n t 7 t h — is n o t in i t s e lf c h a act e r is t i c o f any p ar t i c ul ar

r ,
r

t o nality as will be s e e n fro m t h e fo ll o wi n g e x am pl e s

,

CH N — E t d i E ( Op O PI . u e n .

7 Key E

bi
I d ( . with ch an ged n o a t ti on ) .

TKey E ?

The fact i s t h at th e r e a re a c t lly

ua on ly t h re e Di m i n ish ed 7t h ch o rd s on t he P i an ofo rt e or O rgan
k e yb o ar d ,
e .
g .

bu tth t c
a ea h o f th s
e e m ay i n ra e p c tic b e l o n g t o e ve ry o n e o f t h e tw e lv e m aj o r an d twe l ve
i
m no r ek ys by c h an g e o f n o a o n , a n d t ti c o n s q e n t c ha nge of r oo t E v e n W it ho u t su ch c h ange
e u .

t
o f r o o anyD mi is
i n hed 7 t h ord be c h will fo n d i n th e e m aj o k e ys an d t h ee m i n o r k e ys Fo r
u r r r .
'

S ea G l sso ary.
250 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M O NY .

ex ampl e c h o rd ( a ) t h e fi r s t i nve si o n o f a m i no r 9 t h wi th
,
r ro o t G , c l d c l ly cc
ou e ar o ur in t he
k eys o f C F an d G as D o m i n an t Su p er to n i c an d To n ic m i no
, ,
r 9th re sp c t v ely g
e i , e . .

Key C maj or or m i nor

.
Key Gm j a o r or i
m n or .

a m o d u l at i o n b e tw e en an y o f t h e abo ve n am e d k e ys b e i n g a s a c o n s e qu en c e en d e e d p o ssi b l e
~
, ,
r r .

Th e f o ll o wi n g p a ss a e sh e ws a m o d u l a ti o n f o m C m aj o t o E U m a j o r b y m e an s f t h e ch o r d
g r r o

m ark ed (x ) w hi ch is app o ach e d a s t h e 1 st i n ve si o n o f t h e To n i c m i n o r 9 t h i n t he k ey o f C

, r r ,

an d q u itt e d as t h e l st i n v e si o n o f t h e S up er t o n i c m i n o r 9 th i n t h e k e y o f B b
r ,

A nd a n t e esp ress .

6 . Bu t ch o rd( ) i n S ec 5 m ay— by e n ar m o n
a . h i c c h an g e o f o n e o r m o re o f i t s n o t e s— be
th o ug ht o f as b ei ng d e r iv f
e d r o m E , C it a n d A : ( = B b) r o o ts re sp e c ti v e ly

ea ch t t h e e fo re in t u n app e ar i ng as t h e 3 r d 5th 7 t h an d m i n o 9 t h Mo r eo ver as e ach

no e r r , ,
r . ,

o f t h e a b o v e o o ts c o u l d be e a d e d as a D o m i n an t a S p er t o n i c o r a To n i c a n d c o u l d th e e fo r e
r r r r
g , u ,

be l o ng t o th e e m aj o o r thr e e m i n o k eys i t will be s ee n t h a t it w o u l d be p o ssibl e t o u se t hi s

r r r ,

( o r any o t h er) ch o d o f t h e Di m i n ish e d 7 t h a s a m ean s o f m o d u l ati o n b e tw ee n an y t w o m aj o r

r

o r m i n o r k e ys A fe w e n h arm o n i c m o d u l a ti o n s f ro m st an d a d w o r ks a e g i v e n b e l o w
. r r

BE ET H O V E N .
-
So na t a i n C m inor ( Op .

( b) r
 252 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M NY O .

7 A o ug
. p c i lt h
x pl s will h v sh w i t i s p ssi b l
as t h e h
re e d n g e a m ,
e a e e n o e to , ff e c t an e n h at
e

m on ic by
m o d ul a o n s Di i is h
m e an o f a tich m niv f ed 7t h o rd d er ed ro m t h e D o m i n a t S u pe r n ,

t ic
on ic t
o r To n ith
ro o of e st t will w ll
e r k e y, t h e u d en b do e t o r em em e r ( u n til h e i s t o s o m e
ext t xp i c
en e m tt t h t
er e n e d i n t h e s f st
a er ) st s cc ssf l
a t he a e an d m o u e u m o du a l ti o n o f t h e ki n d
will by
be m a d e s p t ic
m e a n o f t h e Su e r o n 9 t h o f t h e n ew ke y, e g . .

Jl l o d era t o .
— fi

Th e “
o r d m ar e d x
3 ch
, in t k is
h e k e y o f B b m a o r — t h e n ew k ey— t h e l s t i n j v si f t h
er on o e p
Su e r
t ic
on m in o r 9 t h (r o o C ) t
Th e 9t h ( D D) i s r e n C f: t o a o d t h e n e e of w itt v i c ssity c t d ictin g
o n ra the D D
is x pl xp i t l s
.

h
by D in t h e o l o n g bar , an d f l wi
an e am e of E ed en Fa e No a o n t ti .

8 . Th e ch o rd o f t h e Au gm e n te d 6th f o rm ) is an o t h er m e an s by whi c h m o d ul atio n

(G e r m an
m ay be ar r e d o u t c i
By u s e o f t h e . pi vo t n o t e c o n ne xi o n t h e Au gm en t e d 6 t h u p o n t h e
-

mi n o r 6 t h o f t h e n ew k e
y m ay o en ft be i n t o d u c e d i n s u ch a w ay as t o c o n n e ct t w o f ai r ly di s
r

t an t k ys v y h ppily
e er a , e g . .

(P iv t t
o -
no e A ) .

G re a m o r an e a t i p t c tt ch s a e in u s ch
m o du a l ti s on t o the s m th
oo an d mu sic l m v
a o em e n t of t h e bas e
p i t pp ch t t h
, ,

at t h e o n of a ro a o e A u gm e n e d 6 t h t ch o rd .

9 Mo r eo er, e n arm o n v by h ic c h ange o f t th its elf t h ch

"

.
t he Au gm e n e d 6 , e ord
G e rm a n 6 t h e om e a u n d am e n b c s f t al c h o rd o f t h e 7 t h , an d it is bv i s t h t o ou a a
c an be e f e ed af ct
ro a n g t he by pp ch i ch o rd in o ne w a
y an d q i tt i g it i t h e th
u n
g n o er , e . .

( G ma j or to A? maj or .
( Ab ma j or t o G m aj o r .
)

In e x m pl (a ) p
t h e G e r m an 6 t h u o n t h e mi n o r 6 t h d e re e o f G m a o r e o m e
a e
g , by e n arm oni c b c s j h
ch a n g e o f C : t o D 9 t h e D o m n an
, 7th of A ? m a or i t
T he r e e r e r o e j e e n in e a m e v s p c ss i s s x pl
sh l cl th t ti s th sc l q ll w l f
.

It o u d be e ar a m o d ul a o n to o e r ke y o u d be m ad e e u a
y e l by r e g ar di n g t h e un d a
t
m e n al 7 t h a s a S u er o n o r T o n ro m a p t ic
o rd o f t h e 7 t h
, nic ch tic ch
e a d o f a s 3 D o m n an 7 th i st i . t .
 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ON Y . 253

C h o pi n h as a r e m ar k ab l e i n st an c e o f an e n h ar m o n i c m o d u l at io n b y m ean s of t he G e r m an

L en t o . Qu o r um— No ct urne ( No .

He re t h e ch o rd m ar k ed x is l ed u p to as t he l s t i v si
a n er o n of t h e G e rm an 6 t h in C m i nor

an d — by e n h arm o ni c i s q itt d t h 3 d i v s i
ch an g e o f F it t o G b— u e as e r n er on o f t he Do m i t 7t h i t h
n an e
k y f D9
e oI t w ill b tic d th t t h ch d f D D its lf i s th s d
e no e a e or o e en u e as t he “ p iv t ch d b t w
o -
or e ee n
t h k ys f D D d C m i i w hi ch l tt k y it f m s t h N p l it
.

e e o an n o r, n a er e or e ea o an 6t h .

10 . Ye t an o th e
s o f m o d u l ati n g e n h a m o n ic ally is t o be fo u n d i n
r m ea n r t he Au g m e n e d t
t i s w hi c h a e u u ally c l a ssi fi ed as c h o d s o f t h e 1 3 t h ( with o n ly o o t s d
r ad r s r r ,
t ,
an d m n o r 1 3 i th
G i e g h as a c h a m i n g i n s t an c e o f th is
r r

Ga m c . Peer G y t n Su it e .

I
Key D ma j or .

In t h e a b v
o e e x t ct t h m d l ti
ra e o u a on f m
ro t h e ke y D t o t hek e y o f F
of ro ug is b ht b t by
a ou

m e an s of t he ch o rd m ar k d x w hich i s pp
e , a ro a ch de as a i t i
D o m n a n m n o r 1 3 t h in D m a o r j

S ee C h p t XXV I I
a er .
5254 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ONY .

an d q itt
u ed (by en h ar m o n ic ch an g e o f C t o D D) as a T o ni c mi nor 13 th in F m j a or

( 1 3 t h in b ss )
a .

11 . Th e am bi g
s n atu re o f th e s e Au gm en t ed t ri ad s m ak e s th em pe cu li arly ad ap t ab l e for
uou

t h e p u po s e s o f m o d u l a ti o n fo r it is c l ea th a t an y p o siti o n o f o n e o f t h e m m ay be t eat e d as
r ,
r r

t h e e n h ar m o n i c e q u i v al e n t o f an o t h e an d q u it t e d a cc o r d i n gly e g
r, , . .

i s bvi s ly p ss ib l
NB It o ou o e to on der c s i ch
o r d ( a ) as be n g d er i iv f
e d r o m a D o m n a n , a Su er“ i t p
t ic ic t b l i c sq c k s B j i
. .

on , o r a To n ro o , e o n g n g as a o n e u en e t o t h e ey o f 7 , E b, o r F (m a o r o r m n o r ) As
ch s c l si i l p i ci pl s it
.

ea ch o f t he o rd ( b) an d (0) o u d , o n a m a r r n e , be o u n d i n an e u a f q l
n u m e r o f ke
y , b
w i ll s th t
be e e n a it s h
(a ) o r e n ar m o n e u a en ou d a ua ic q iv l t c l ct ll y f i
be o u n d in n n e m a o r an d n n e j i
i k s l ti b t w
m n o r ey , a m o d u a o n e e e n an y t w o o f o u d be e f e ed w hich c l
m e an f ct by it s s .

. 12 It will be w e ll h e e t o w a n t h e s t u d e n t aga i n st t h e t o o fre qu e n t u se o f m o d u l a ti o n by

. r r

e nh i c m ean s T he ea s e with whi ch c h an ge s o f k e y c an t h e e by be m ad e w h e n o n c e t h e

ar m o n . r ,

t ri c k b e en l e a n t t em pts m an y an i ne xp e r i e n c e d w r it er t o fly t o t h is p ar tic u l ar re s o ur c e a t
h as r ,

t h e l e ast s u gge sti o n o f a d i ffi c u lty L e t i t be s ai d th a t s u c h a p ro c e e d i n g will u s u ally p o v e t o

. r

be i na tisti c an d m e c h an i c al t o a d e gr e e
r An o c cas i o n a l e n h arm o n i c m o d u l a ti o n m ay be o f t h e
.

gre at e st po ssibl e b e au ty ; t h e f r e q u e n t i n t o d u cti o n o f t h is sp e c i al f o r m o f e ffe c t h o w e v e r

r , ,

c e t e s a fee li ng o f re stl e ss ne ss and o f ar t ifi c iali t y w h i ch is p e c ul i ar ly i it ati ng t o t h e r ea lly

r a rr

m u si c al m i n d .

13 In
. c
xi o n w i t h t h e s u b j e c t o f th is pr e se n t c h apt e r viz m od u l at i o n b e tw e en ke ys
o nn e ,
.
,

no t i n t h e fi s t d eg ee o f el ti o n ship t o o n e a no th e t h e f o ll o wi n g hi n t is sp e ci a lly u s f l an d
r r r a r, e u

a pp o p i a t e :
r r If t h e n ew ke y c o n t a i n s ny p a tic u l n o t e w hi c h j ar s o n t h e o ld ke y th e n t hi s
a r ar ,

n o t e sh o u l d be c are f u lly with h e l d a s l o n g s p ssi bl e e g — t h e n o t e A i s f i

'

o t h e ke y
h s oa o r o
e gn t ,
. .

o f E fl a t (in t h e s u cc e ed i n g e x am pl e) th a t t h e t h i d ch o d will s o u n d h ar s h an d u n pl ea s an t
r r

( E flat to F ) .

By pl ayi ng a s e m i b rev e G i n t h e t e n o o f ba r r 2( t h u s av o i d i n g t h e s u d d en i n t o d u ct i o n o f t h r e
e ssi o n b e c o m e s q u it e s m o o t h an d m u si c al
A C) t he p ro
gr ( Pe c y C Bu ck
. U n fi gu re d
r .

H ar m o n y .

On t he a ss m p ti
u on th t th s ch
a e e o rd s ar e der iv ed f ro m t he c om pl t ch e e o rd o f the m i
n or 13 t h .
256 ME L OD Y AND HAR M O N Y .

( Fro m 0 maj or t o G m i n or .
)

D . Mo d ul ate , by m ean s of t he en h ar m o n i c ch ange ( wh e re ne e c ss y )

ar of t he no e t s of t he

f ll wi g ch d
o o n or (w h i ch m ay b e pl a c e d in c v i t p siti
an y on en en o on ) , fr o m t h e ke y o f

E (m aj o o m i r r no r
) ea ch of t he re m ai n i n g e l e v e n k ys (m j
e mi ) a or or nor .

E . Wri t e six teen b ar s fo r t h e P i an o f o t e c o m m e n c i n g t h u s

r ,

A lleg r et t o .

Mo d u l a t e
th g h E m i ro u nor to B mi i w hich k y t h m s ic s h
n o r, n ld c m e e u ou o e to a cl so e at t he
gh t h b
i ; th c ti
ar th en on nu e ro u gh C m j d A Dm j
a or t i gt Gm j
an a o r, r e u rn n o a or by m e an s o f an
e hn m m ch
ar
g f t h ch
o c an e o e o rd o f t h D i m i i sh d 7t h (
e c m m d ti i S
n e s ee r e o en a on n ec . 7 on p a ge

F . By m e an s of t he en ha rmon i c ch an ge o f the Ge r m a n 6 th on the m ino r 6 t h d e gr e e

of E m aj o r, m o d u l at e i n t o F ma j or, r e t u n i ng t o
r E ma j or by t h e Ne ap o lit a n 6 t h of th t
a ke
y .

G Co m pl e t e t i s p a ss age i n
. h fo u b r s r a ,
l a ti n g (i ) t o A b m aj o
modu r, (11) t o G Dm a j or, ( iii )
j
E m a o r , ( iv ) C m a o r , by m e an s j of t he e n h a m o n ic c h an g e o f t h e c h o
r rd m ar ked x ( fo u r ex
am ple s i n all)

A n d an t e .

i
( P ano ) ( Tw o m ore b s t cl s
ar o o e .
)
 ME L OD Y A ND HA R M ON Y . 257

A PP EN D I X A .

CON CE RNIN G SE QUE N CE S A ND PE D A L S .

I — SE QU E NCE S
. .

1 . pr o d u cti o n o f a m e l o d ic fi gu e o r p h a se at a hi g h e r o l o w e r p itch (ge n e rall y

TH E re r r ,
r

k no w n as S qu e n c e ) is as a re fer en c e t o al m o st any e x am pl e o f v o c al o r i n st ru m e n t a l m s i c
a e ,
u

will sh e w an i m p o t an t f a c t o r i n t h e d e v e l o p m en t o f a m u si c al i d ea o r th o u g ht The qu o t ati o n

, r .

f o m Ba c h s l s t Tw o p ar t I n/ven t on o n page 1 1 aff o rd s pro o f o f t h is ass er ti o n w h i ch is fu rt h e r

r
’
-
t
'

s t n g th e n e d by t h e fo ll o wi n g p ass age s
re

"
r
—1 Die Me i st i ers n ger .

fi s t f t h b v x m pl s w l d b d s c ib
Th e r o e a o e e a e ou e e r ed as a M e lo d i c S e q u e n c e , it i s c fi
as on ne d to a
s i g l p rt ; t h s c d
n e a H m ic S q c f e e on as a ar on e u en e, or t he re a o n s
th t t h a e re p titi f t h
e on o e or i gi l
na

p ss g i s c i d t x ct l y i v y p t f t h h
a a e arr e ou e a n e er ar o e ar m o n y (c m p b s 1
o ar e ar an d 2 in ex .

2 . Se q u en c s
s u ally c l assi fi e d u n d er t h e h e d i n g s o f To n al Real an d Mix e d (o r
e ar e u a , ,

Mo d u l ati n g) A To n a l S equ en ce is o n e i n whic h as i n ( a ) a n d ( b) ab o ve t h e n u m ber o f e a c h

.
, ,

o r i g i n al i n t erv al ( 2n d 3 r d 4 t h e t c ) is p re s er ve d i n t h e r e p titi o n s bu t n o t a lw a ys its q u a li t y

, , , . e ,

( m aj o m i n o r
r, A R ea l S eq uenc e o n t h e o th er h an d is o n e in w h i ch b o t h n u m b e an d
, , ,
r

qu ality ar e ep o d u c e d e g r r ,
. .

B m m— S t i B fl t ( Op n no vr o na a n a .

In a l
R e a Se u e n e t h e k e y o q c bvi sl y h t b ch g
ou as o e an e d at ea ch p titi
re e o n , an d — e sp ci ll y i e a n t he
c s a e of r i si
n g S e u en e in m a q c s j k y s — it i s t tim s
or e a e d ifli c u lt t o p ro d u c e a w h ll y t i f o sa s ac t o r v
re s lt
u . e .
g .
258 ME L OD Y AND HARM ONY .

The t yp e of q
Se ue n c s m ti m s d s c i b d
e o e Mix d
e eM r e as
‘f
e ,
or odu a l t i ng is o n e in w h i ch
,
"

th ere is an i n t e r c h ange f m jo d mi k ys i t h
a o r an p titi s nor e n e re e on , a n d i n w h i ch t h e e ffe ct is

oft en fa b e tt t h an
r er i th c s
n f e R l S q
a e o c F x m pl
a ea e u en e . or e a e, t h e ab o v e p ass age c o u l d be
re n d e r ed m u ch m o r e m si c l i t h f ll o wi g m
u a n ne o n an er

E m i n or . F ma j or .

3 . si c o f t h e H and e li an p er i o d t h e u se o f t h e S e qu en c e b e co m e s at tim e s a s o m e
In t h e m u
wh at t yi ng c o n ven ti o n an d h u n d e d s o f in st an c e s o f th is c an be f o u n d o f w h ic h t h e e xt act
r , r ,
r

th at fo ll o ws is a typi c al Spe c i m en
H N M ssi h A DE D . e a .

4 . ti s tic e s u lt is i n v e y m an y c as e s p o d u c e d by a fo rm o f Se qu e n ti al pr o gres
A m o re ar r r r

si o n i n which ro o m i s l e ft fo d iffe e n c e s o f d e t ail an d i n whi c h t h e o i gi n al i d e a is c arr i e d o u t

r r ,
r

wi th a c ert ai n d g ee o f f e ed o m i n o u tli ne e g
e r r , . .

B —S t i C sh p mi ( Op 27 N ss r uo s . o na a n ar nor . . o .

In s u ch c s s t he ge ne ral e ffe c t o f t h e m u sic is s e q u e n ti al a lth o g h — fo r t h e reas o th t t he

a e
, u n a
rep d ct i o n o f t h e n t erv als f t h e fi st i d ea is n o t e x act — an a ct u a l S e u e c e d o e s n o t cc
ro u i o r n o ur .
q
Be e t h o ven and th e m o e m o d e rn c o m po s e r s h av e m ad e c o n spi c u o u s u se o f this free ly s e quen ti a l
r
260 MEL OD Y A ND HA R MON Y .

s id e rable s i z e ; Bee th o v e n h as p o vi d e d r a s u p e b i n st an ce r of w h at t he l a te Sir H u b t

er Parry
c ll
a ed a l o ng li m b e d
-
Se q uen e ,c in t h e o p e n i n g o f h is Op
“

. 57

A s sa i a lleg ro .

II .
-
PED AL S .
*

7 . A p e d al ( p e d al o t e ) i s n o t e gen e ally i n
or -
n a , r t heb s s p a t s u st ai n ed th ro u g h
a r ,
a su c
c ssi
e on o f h a m o n i s o f whi c h it m ay m y n o t f m
r e or a or a p tar .

8 . p d al n t e will al m o st i n v a i ably be e ith t h e D o m i n n t o t h e To n ic + t h e m e n t al

The e -
o r er a r

fo m e b e i n g th a t o f i n c o m pl e ti n o n e st t h eff ct o f t h l a tt e b ei n g ge n e ally
,

c
e ffe t o f t he r r o , r u r e e e r r
o ne o f t a n q u illity o
r c o n c l u si ven e ss Th e fo ll o wi n g e x am pl e w ill d e m o n s t at e t h is
r . r

A n d an t e c on m ot o .

T he g e a e r
r art p t l w i g m tt c c
of t h e f o lo n a er on e r n in g Pe d a ls i s re p ro d u c ed f ro m t he Au th s '

(J s p h Wi ll i m s L t d )
or
Pr a c t w a l H a r m o n y . o e a , .

T Mo d e rn c m p s s cc si lly u th d g s
o o er o a o na se o er e re e of t he sc l
a e as p e da l -
no ets , e .
g .

Bah a ma —S y m p h o n y i n D .

t
( Med i a n Pe d a l ) .

HO P .

( Su bBd o m i n an t
e d al ).
 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y, 26 }

9 . b v e pa ss age ill u str at e s s e v eral p o i n t s i n c o n n e xi o n wit h t h e t e a t m e n t o f pe d al s

Th e a o r

( i ) T h a t wh e re t h e p e d a l f o ms n o p ar t o f t h e h a m o n y a s at (a ) t h e p a t n e xt ab o v e t h e
,
r r
, ,
r

p ed a l sh o u l d be re ga d e d as t he bass and p o c ee d a c c o d i n g t o t h e u l e s o f pro gre ssi o n

r ,
r r r

a ppli c a bl e t o a b a ss p a t r .

(ii ) T h a t m o d u l a ti o n s m ay o cc u o n a p ed al t he m o s t u s u al f o m a m aj o k e y b e i n g t o t h e
r , r r

k e ys f t h e Su p e t o n i c m i n o r (as i n b a s 3 an d
o r a n d t h e M e d i an t m i n o ( as i n b ar s 5 an d 6 )
r r

u p o n a D o m i n a n t p e d a l a nd t o t h e S u b d o m i n a n t k e y ( b a s 9 a n d 1 0) u p o n a To n i c p e d a l
*
, r .

(iii ) T h at wh e a D o m i n an t p ed a l an d a To n i c p e d al o cc u r i n s u cc e s si o n t h D o m i n an t
, re , e

p e d al u s ally p e c e d e s th t o n t h e To n i c
u r a .

(iv ) Th a t a p e d al sh o u l d i n m o st c as e s be q u it t ed o nly w h en i t fo r m s p ar t o f t h e h ar m o n y
, , .

( Vide bar 8 o f e x a m pl e i n Sec .

10O cc asi o n a lly t h e D o m i n an t an d T o n i c p e d als are u s ed at o n e an d t h e s am e ti m e Th e y

. .

th en fo rm wh a t i s k no w n as a d o u bl e p e d a l The To n i c p e d al i s th e n a l m o s t i n var i ab ly
“
.

pl ac e d below th a t o f t h e D o m i na n t e g t , . .
‘

p oco a ll .

A l leg r et t o .

D o u bl e Pe d a ls are f e qu e n tly t o
r be fo u n d in m u sic of a p asto al n a t e
r ur .

Wh e n a m od u l tia cc s
on o ur on a p eda l in a mi no r ke y it i s g
, ll y t
en e ra a r an si t
en one t o t h e Sub
d om in t m ian no r k e y, e g
. .

A n d a n te c on mo w .

f A
'
t bl i s t c f t h d i s
no a e n an e o e g ar d o f
re thi s g e n e ra ll y b s v
o er ed ru e l is t o f
be o u n d t w d s th
o ard e en of
ch
t he S i B th v s C mi
erz o n ee o en
’
n o r Sym p h y wh on e re th ere o cc s
ur a Do u b le Pe d a , a l l s ti g th g h m
n ro u an
y
b s w ith t h D m i t b l w t h
,

ar , e o n an e o e Ton ic .
26 2 M EL OD Y AND HAR MON Y .

11 . Wh e n t he p e d al n o t e o cc u s
-
r in o ne of t he u
-
pp e r p a t s i n st ead
r ,
of in t h e b ss it i s
a ,

t erm e d an
“
i nv e t e d p e d al e g
r , . .

12 . ti s p
So m e m e t h e e d a l -
no et is t ak en in t h e b ssa an d in an u pp er p ar t at t he s am e t im e ,

as f ll wi p ss
in t h e o o n g a age :

13 . A pe d al is o cc asi o n ally f u n d i n a o
“
de c o r a ed t fo m as i n
r , t he f o ll o wi n g i n st an c e ,

W h e re t he p ed al G is i n e v e y bar p ec ed e d by
r r an a cc t e n ed p assi n g n o t e -

,
A lz

Bs nr n o v s n — Son a
. t a, Op , No . 3 .

o r as in this w e ll k n o w n p a ss ag f o m C h o pi n w h e
-
e r ,
re the i n v e t e d p e d al
r G3 is t ak en in
b k ro en fo m o v er a ange o f t w o o c t av e s
r r

CH O PI N — Ba. ll ad e in A fl at .
26 4 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ON Y .

( b) Th e l o w e th i pit ch t h e l ss cl o s ely ( as a ru l e ) sh o l d t he n o t e s o f a ch o rd
r e r ,
e u be pl ac e d
to one an o th e Ro u g h ly sp e aki n g it i s b e tt e r t o s e p a at e s o u n d s ly i n g b e tw e e n
r. ,
r

by an i n t erv al l arge r t h an a 3 d e g r ,
. .

(Thick d cl msy ) an u .
( We ll sp c d )
-
a e .

Be l o w i t is ad v is b l
a e, u s u ally ,
to pl a c e t he so un d s an 8 ve a p ar t .

N B — Ih . thi s c o nn e xi on, t h e 3 rd of a ch ord re q i s p tic l c

u re ar u ar ar e in d o u bli n g , an d sh ld
ou n ot be
pl ic t w
.

du a ed t o o lo w d o n, e .
g .

Be t t th
er an

( 0) Th e Pe d a l is m e an s by w h i c h a wi d e r an ge o f s o u n d s ( i m p o ssi b l e
t he t o be s u s t ai n e d
by t h e fi n
ge r s al o n e) m ay be i n c l u d ed wi th i n t h e ch o rd

X E R C I SE S E .
*

A A r ange t h e To n i c t r i ad j (i n v a i o u s m aj o an d m i n o k eys ) i n as m an y d i ff e ren t w ays

. r r r r
as p o ssi b l e v aryi n
g t h e d n s i t y o f t h e h r m o n y i n t h e m an n e i n d ic a t e d ab o v e
, e a r .

N B — Th m.
t f t s h uld g f m PP t f
. e a oun o on e o ran e ro o .

B . Tr ea t si m il arly ( )
a t he Su bd o m in an t q
"

(b) t h e D o m in ant j
''
ti
r ad in v a ri o u s ma j or an d
m in o r k eys .

C . Pr o c eed i n t h e s am e w ay with t h e Se c o n d ar y t i ad s 1 o i m aj o r
r an d m i no k ys
r e .

II — C H O RD PR O GRE S SI O N .
-
.

3 The n e xt s t age in t h e c o n si d e ra ti n o f Pi an o fo r t e w iti is th t f h f m

g t o i r
.

a e r n
o p go r es s on r o
-

ch o r d t o c h o d w h e n t h e h ar m o n y i s a m pli fi e d i n t h e m an n e r al a y ll
r
e d a u ded t o r .

4 . As it is t he e ff e ct o f t h e c h o d i n t he m a ss a th e t h an t h e m o ve m e n t o f si n g l e p ar t s
r
,
r r
th t is
a t he c hi e f c o n c e rn t h e ac t u al p o g s si o n will l a gely d e p e n d u p o n ( a ) c o n v e n i e n c e o f
‘

, r re r
,

To be b th pl y
o a e d an d w ittr en .
 ME L OD Y AND H A R M ON Y . 265

pl ayi ng ( b) e ff e ct s o f
, c l
o ou r .
”
Pa ss age s s u ch as t he fo ll o wi ng are fre qu e n tly t o be m et wit h
i n Pi a n o fo r t e m u si c
Bnnr n os .
— So na t a ( Op . 2, No .

c t i i g x m pl s f c s c t iv 5 t h
on a n n e d 8
a w h i ch i v o c l w iti g w l d b
e o on e u t n ly e s an ve s n a r n ou e no o
obj c ti bl b t silly It i b i
e o na th t t h ch d s
e u h .
g d s t li a s i ly
'

s o v o us a e or ar e er e a r r an e o as o e e
und th
er h d s d it is
e l ss c l t h t t h
an ,d san t c g iz y c t l m v m n t
no e e ar a e e ar oe no re o n e an a ua o e e
of s p e t p t s ( x c pt t h
ar a e xt m p ts) b t ly th t f t h c h d s t n m
ar e e e e re e ar ,
u on a o e or as o e -
asses .

5 . pri n c ipl e s se t fo r t h b e l o w m ay be t ak e n a s a ff o rd i ng s o m e gu i d e i n t h e m atte r

Th e
w h ch h o w e v er is c l e ar ly o ne fo r t h e e x e r c ise o f t h e m o s t c are fu l au r al j u d g m e n t
i , ,
.

( ) Th e s t i ct ru l e s o f fo u p a t h a m o n y as t o c o n s e c u ti ve s d o n o t appl y t o t h e s am e
a r r -
r r

e xt e n t p ar ti c u l a r ly b e tw e e n ch o r d s wh o s e r o o ts li e m o r e th a n a 2u d a p a t e g
,
r , . .

(V c l w iti g ) ( Amplifi d f t h Pi nf t )
o a r n . e or e a o or e .

Bu t no u pp er or m dd i l p e art of t he h ar m o n y sh o uld p c ro ee d in c s c tiv

on e u e 8 ves with t he
ba ss ,* e .
g .

T he n u m e r o f n o e s i n u e s
(b) b t s cc siv e ch o r d s m ay v ar y c o n si d e rab ly this is l ar ge ly d u e
t o t he n e e d fo r a n g o u t t h e ar m o n e l yi -
h i s in t h e m o st c o n v e n i en t m ann er fo r t he h an d s o f t h e
pl y
a e r , as e as fo r t h e a w ll
ua u a ct l m si c l e ffe c t e qu i re d r

A s lr c ad y m e n o n e d (
a ti p ag e 8 4, Se c 1 1 ( b) an d f t t th
oo no e e re o n ) an y m e lo d i cp tmar ay be f
re e ly
p p s it p
-
.

bl ki i t g
,

d ou e d i n 8 ve s, f o r t h e ur o e of m a ng rom n en , e . .

BE E T H O V E N .
—So n ata (O p .

an d the b ss p t it s lf i s f q
a -
ar e re u en tly s t re n g th en e d in 8 v es, as sh w e n on p age 68 .
266 ME L OD Y AND H AR M O NY .

( ) No te s
0 th t
i n an y d e gree
a ar e s en si t iv e s d o u bli ng o r pr o gr e ssi o n
as r e gar d t he
m j ti
a o r 3 r d o f a r ad , t h e L ea di n g n o -
te ,
or any n o t e re qu i r i n g sp e c i al r e s o l u t i o n ) s h o u l d n ot

bl
be d o u e d if t hey app ear i n t he ba ss

bl i g
( Bad d ou n
ofb ss f m ja o a or f 7t h f o o
ch d f 6t h ) D
or o . o m 7 t h ch d ) D m 7 t h ch d )
. or . o . or .

but s u c h s en sitiv e n o t e s m ay be d o u bl e d f e ely w h e n th e y o cc ur r on ly in t h e p ar t s a bo ve

t h e b a ss e g
,
. .

( Good )

( d ) Th e a ct l m v
ua o e m en t of no e t s qui i
s l t i o n i s o ft en f reer i n t h e u pp er p ar t s o f
re r ng r e o u
m assi v e h a m o n y fo t h e Pi an fo t e th an in fo u r p a t v o c al w iti n g an d s u ch n o t e s m ay if
“

r r o r ,
-
r r , ,

t h e i n st rum en t a l e ffe c t j u s t i fi e s i t be r e s o lv e d i n a d ifi ere n t Oc t av e f o m t h at in w h i ch th e y

.

, r

th ems e l ve s appe a r

( Po s ibl
s e ) ( Po ssibl e )

N B —Su ch
. . f re e d o m s are , h wvo e er , un a l l w bl
o a e in t h e bas e

XE RCI SE S E .
*

D . Arran ge t he v a i o s p o s iti o n s o f b o t h Pr i m a y a d Se c o n d ary tr i ad s (in m aj o r an d

r u r n

mi no k eys) i n as m an y d ifi e e t w ays as po ssi bl e fo t h e Pi ano fo t e t aki g a c h o d s u cc e ssi o n

r , r n ,
r r ,
n r -

su c h as t h e fo ll o w in g as t h e b a sis o f th e s e e xp e r i m e n ts

T o be b th pl y
o a e d an d w itt
r en .
26 8 ME L OD Y A ND H A R M ON Y .

8 . Th e add i tio n o f une ss en ti al n o te s wi d e u s t h e p o ssi b iliti e s c o n si d er ab ly

-
 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ONY . 269

9 . In t h e c s
a e of a m e od l y
fo r a voi c e so l o i n s tru m e n t ( s u ch as t h e V io li n ) t he
, or an y ,

i
P an o fo t e acc o m pan i
r t m e n m ay d o u bl e t h e m e l o d y i n t he un is o n o t h e 8ve bu t th is sh o u l d be r ,

d one spa i n gly as it i s lik e ly t o

r ,
i n t e fe e with t h e spo n t an e ity o f t h e so l o ist s ren d e i n g
r r
’
r

SC H U M A NN . Wid mung ” .

(Voice )

bu t —as h as al r e ad y b e e n s ee n — ( i ) t h e bass a n d t h e m e l o d y ( ii ) t h e , b a ss an d t he u ppe p ar t s

r

o f t he a cc t c
o m p an im e n , m u st p r o e ed i n p u r e h ar m o n y

N B — In t h e f ll w i
o o ng e x m pl t h m p t m k d
a e, e r. is t t h
ar ar e no e a ct ual ba se, bu t
ly st r m l dy T h l w C i s vi t ll y im pli d b ss
. .

m e re a en g th e n in g o f t he e o . e o r ua e as a

( Vo ice
) . l b G RI EG Ic h ie e d ic h .

A me l d y pl y d by b w d i s t
o a e a o e n r u m en t s h ld
ou r are ly , if e v e r, be d o u bl ed i n t he s ame o c ta v e o n
i
t h e P ano f t t h ff ct i s s l l y b d
or e e e e u ua a .
27 0 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ON Y .

10 . A d iss o n an t t
no e in t h e m e l o d y p art i c u l ar ly if e pro d u c e d s o m e wh ere i n t h e ac c o m pa
,
r

is fre e t o m o ve
n im e n t , to o t h er n o t e s o f t h e ch o r d p ro vi d e d t h at t h e re s o l u ti o n t ak e s pl ac e i n
,

t h at acc o m pan imen t

A C . . Ma om z m . Ro s e of S h aron .

V oron .

PI ANO .

11 . fi
Any gu re ch
o s e n fo r t h e acc omp an i m en t o f a m e l o d y sh o u ld be c arr i e d o u t wit h a c er ’

t i
a n c
d e gre e o f o n sist e n y ra pi dc ch an ge s o f styl e s u ch a s t h e f o ll o wi n g are c l ear ly a bs u r d

X E RCI SE S E .

H Tak e any o f t h e E x er c is e s i n ch o r d p o gre ssi o n s g iv e n i n Ro m an n u m e rals

.
-
r , in ear li er
c h apt er s o f t h is v o lu m e an d in ven t “ d e c o rat ed ve si o n s si m il ar t o t ho s e in Sec s 6
, r .
, 7, an d 8 .

I , k e any o f t h e s o n gs i n The Nat i o n al So ng Bo o k

Ta (e di ti o n wi t h o u t h ar moni z ati on)
an d wr it e Pi ano fo rt e a cc o m p ani m e n t s t o th e m .

B o osey (f Co Many m e lo d i e s s i t bl
u a e fo r t h e urp p s will ls
o e a o be f o un d in it
A dd i o na l E x cise s
er
l t
.

t o Co un t e rp o m t , "
by t h e a e D r E Pro u
. . t ( A u g e n er if
272 M E L OD Y A ND H AR M O N Y .

4 . Fo r t h e ur p p o s e o f p a ssi ng n o t e s an d m e l o d i c w i t i ng ge n e rally t h is n o t ati o n o f t h e

-

,
r ,

ch ro m a ti c sc l
a e h as n e ve b ee n c o n sist e n t ly ad h e e d t o an d t he n am e g v en t o an y p a ss i ng
r r ,
.

no te— w h e n fo e i gn t o t h e k e y si g n a t u e o f a n y p arti c u l ar p a ss a ge — h
r -
r u s u ally v a i e d a c c o di n g as r r

t o t h e dir e c ti o n o f its s u b s e qu n t m o v e m e n t e T h e ch i e f p o i n t t o be e m e m be r e d 1 s t h at n
. r , 1

o r d e r t o a v o i d t h e u se o f u n n e c e ss ar y a cc i d en t als it s h o u l d be s o w r i tt e n as t o st an d a t t h e
_

di s t an c e o f a d i a t o n ic sem i t one f om t he n o te t o w hic h i t p r ogresses w h e th e u p o r d o w n e g

r ,
r , .

(a ) Upwa d p ro g e s s i o n o f p a ssi n g no t
r r -
e .

( b) D o w n w ard p ro gr e ssi o n of p a ssi ng no te -

.

N B — Co m ps shwv
o er o e e r, u s l lyp f
ua re e r to w it r e, e v en in d o w w n ar d p ro gr e ss i s
on the au gm en e d t
i i i sh
. .
,

f y t th th th
,

4t h ro m t h e ke n o e , ra er an t he d m n ed 5 , e .
g .

5 . Th e o u o m e o i tc e e ar th s v i a ti o n s i n n o t ati o n i s t h e f o m o f s c al e c all e d t h e r Me lo d i c (o r
h ti c sc l h c h d iff s i n d e t ai l acc o r d in g t o t h e p ar ti c u l a mo de
_

Ar bi t r ary) C r o m a a e w i , er r of t h e ke y
th t is b
a s
e in g u e d a t t h e me ti
 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y . 273

6 . In t h e c s
a e of ch ro m a t i c lly al t
a -
e r ed ch o rd s ,
it i s cl ear th at
th y a e p d c d b y t h
, as e r ro u e e

su b s t i t ti u f on o a ch ro m a ti c p a ssi n g n o t e fo -
r t he or ig i l d i t i c t f t h h m y t h
na a on no e o e ar on , e

d i c ti
re s giv
on en i n Sec . 4 fo r t h e n o t a ti o n o f p ass in g t w ill apply wit h q l
n o es s a d e ua r ea o n n

f c g
or e, e . .

7 .
'

b a sis fo t h e n o t a ti n o f c h o m ati c c ho rd s ( a s d isti nct f o m t h e c h r o m a ti c

As a r o r r

a lt e a ti o n s sp o k e n o f a b o v e ) t h
r M e l o d i c c h o m a ti c s c al h as u u ally b ee n r ej e ct e d b y l a t e r
, e r e s

th e o ists an d t h e so c all ed H a m o n i c f o m e x cl u si v ly u s d In t he c as e o f m o st o f t h e m o re
r ,
-
r r e e .

u s u a l a n d o b vi o u s ch r o m a ti c h a m o n i e s i t s a d pti o n i s u n d o u bt e d ly re a s o n a bl e p a cti c a l an d
r o ,
r

c o n v e n i e n t ; b u t it is n e c e ss a y t o q u a lify t h is st a t e m e n t by s a yi g i ) t h a t i n t h e l i ght o f m an y
r
( n

m o d n h arm o n i c d e v e l o pm e n t it c n n o t be e gard e d as e n ti e ly ad e qu a t e ; (ii ) th at i t s

er s a r r

e x c l siv e u se i n vo lv e s u s i n m an y f ar f e t c h e d a tt e m p t s t o p o v e t h e e xist e n c e o f E xp ed i e n t
u -
r

Fals e No t ati o n e v e n i n t h e e xpl an a ti o n o f c h o rd s b y n o m e an s c o n fi n e d t o t h e e xp e r i m e n ts o f

,

M o d e rn ists .

8 . In a p ass age s u ch as t he f o ll o wi n g

wh ic h is v i t ually a p o gre ssi o n f ro m o ne p o siti o n o f t h e To n i c c h o d o f G m aj o r t o an o t h er by

r r r
‘

a se ie s o f
r p assi n g c h o d s t h e u se th o u gh o u t o f t h e H a m o n i c c h o m ati c s c al e w ou l d it i s
-
r , r r r ,

c l e a b i ng a b o u t t h is c u i o u s e s u lt
r, r r r

i nv o l v i ng a m o s t pu zzli n g an d u s e l e ss c o mpli c at i o n fo r t h e r e ad e Th e th r ee u ppe r p ar ts o f r.

t h e h a m o n y at ( a ) o bvi o u sly f o r m a s e i e s o f
r c h o rd s o f t h e sixth an d t h e c o m bi n ati o n s i n
r ,

E x am pl e (b) which ar e m ark e d a re wit h t h e n o t a t i o n th ere g i v e n l i ttl e m o r e t h an m ean i n l e ss

x , g ,

f ro m any ha rm o n i c s tan d po i n t .

t h i ng m o re t han th e e st ream s o f c h ro
ar e n o r

th at as su ch t h e Mel o d i c n o t atio n at ( a )
, ,
27 4 MEL OD Y A ND HA R M NY O .

w o u l d in an y c as e be po ssi b l e . Bu t , i n t h e fo ll o wi ng v er si o n s ,
t he p assi n g n o t e s
-
re a lly b e c o m e
i n t e g a l h a m o n i c f ac t o r s
r r

ctc .
(d )

an d a p ass age is pro d u c e d in w h i ch t h e b o n d s o f k e y o t o n ality a e fo r t h e m o m e n t l o o s en e d

,
r ,
r

t o e t u n t o a gr ea t er d e fi n i t e n e s s l a t e r o n
r r Of s u ch a l o o s e n i n g o f t h e b o n d s o f t o n ality w e
.

h ave a w o n d er ful ly fi ne e x am pl e in Wagn er s D ie Walk ure ’ '

WA GNE R . Die Walkiire .

.
10. Bu t we s t e p f u th e ; m ay n o t p ass age s s u ch as t h o se giv e n b el o w be th oug h t
m ay go a r r

o f as c o m i n g e q lly w thi n t h e limits o f o n e ke y v iz t he ke y o f C

i
'

ua , .
,

(i ) Maj or t r i ad s

( a ) 07s lo wered 3 r d .

( 5) On L I SZ I
'‘
. Di e I d eals .

(c) On ra i sed dt b .
27 6 ME L OD Y AND HAR M O NY .

11 f
Th e a ct ea lly is t h a t t i
r ad
r s m ay b e f o r m e d o n e v e r y d eg r ee o f t h e c h ro
m a ti c s c al e ,

F u n d a m en al
s withi with t c si l ti l f t
.

m
.

n t h e ke y m o d u a o n A n d a Si i ar u se o
and u ed ou au n g .

c c
,

d is o d s p
u on
r th s
e e d e g ee s is o f o u r s e n o t i mr p o ssibl e a s
,
t h e f llo w m g e x a m pl e s s ee m t o
, ,
o

S hew
E — G ti L G AR .
“
eron us .

M Ra v e n — So nati na
. .

Key A ( i?)

2
“
Su cc ss i s
e on of c h o rd s of j
t h e m a o r 9 t h , l ke t h e a i b v o e , a re a n o t i f q t( ds
n re uen an ome wh at.
irr it ti
a ng ) m an n e r is m
-

of t he c om ps s
o er o f t h e m o d e r n Fr e n ch s ch l oo an d th i i m it t s
e r a or .

12 Bu t it is h ly p fit b l p h ps sp c
. ar d ro a e, er a , to e u a e ur er ere a o n g e e ne Fo r t h e l t f th h l th s li s .

m om en t it i s s f ci t
u fi th t
e n t o s ay th y
a the eo r o f t he H a rm o n ro m a a e er ea e ic ch ti c s c l is s vi c bl
e no ugh ch
fo r t h e m o r e u su a l tic c h
ro m a f t
o r d o rm a o n
i ( ar e m ad e n gu ar e ar t o t h e
-
s whi ch si l ly cl
stud ent by its s th t
m e a n ) an d c s
a in t he p ssi
a e of , a n g—
no e , a ng o r d , an d
-
rom a a t s p ssi ch s -
ch ti c lly
l
a t e r edch so rd l s tic
t h e m o re e a l ic
Me o dt ti no a o n a f o rd t h e n e e s ar no a ona r ee d o m f s c s y t ti l f .

ft yst
A e r all, t h e u s e o f a ny s t ti is c l
em o f no a o n to ar ,
no t t o d
gu s e, a n d t h e o e o f t he ify is i ch i c
p c is f
re e o rm it sh l t k
ou d iv
a e a t an t
y g e n m o m en m u a a ,
i n t h e lo n g r u n , b e m a d e u o n st lw ys p
s
gr o un d o f e xp i c y
ed e n ,
th y
an d n o t o f eo r .

13
-

v s o m an y s o c all d c h o r d s a e t h e e s u lt o f t h e si d e by si d e m o v e m e n t o f
M o reo e r , .
-
e r r - -

i p t l i c st an d s th at any att e m pt t o e xpl ai n t he m u p o n a n at u al b asis — t a

nde e nd e n m e o d r
“
r
”
,

a c co d i n g t Na t u e s h a m o n i c s e i s — is d o o m ed t o f ail u e if c ar ri e d t o o f a fo as H e lm
’
*
r o r r r e r ,
r r

h o ltz i g htly s ays r t h e syst e m o f sc al e s m o d e s an d h ar m o n i c tiss e s d o e s n o t e st s o le l

“

a ls o t h e e s lt o f az s t h e t i c a l p r i n c ipl e s wh i c h
, ,
u r

u po n u n alt e abl e n a t u ral l a ws b u t i s

r , r u ,

h av e al ad y c h an ge d and will still f ur th e c h an ge with t h e p ro gre s s iv e d e ve l o pm en t o f h u m an

re , r ~

ity (H el m h o ltz — S en sa ti on s f To ne )
.
”
o .

As w as d o ne by t h l t e a e A lf re d D ay , an d o th s
er .
 ME L OD Y A ND HARM ONY . 277

A PPE N D I X D .

TH E E CCLE S I A S TI CA L M OD E S .

1 .
i t i s i m po ssibl e wit h i n t h e li m i t s o f t h e p re se n t vo l u m e t o e n t er wi th an y
AL T HO U G H
d e gr ee f l ss i n t o t h e i m p o t an t an d f ar r e a c hi n g s u b j e c t o f t h e h ist o y an d u s e s o f t h e
o f u ne r ~ r

m e di e v al s c al e sys t e m a fe w w o r d s a s t o th e i r i n fl ue n c e o n l at er c o m p o s e r s s e e m t o be
-

,
*

n e c e ss ar y .

2 . Th e s o -
c lla ed E e cc l si sti c l
a a Mo d e h s w i ch w ere t h e p e c u r so r s o f o u m o d ern s c al e s w e re
r r

t w e l ve in n u m b er si x , A u t he n t i c m o d e , an d s six Plaga l m o d e s .

Au th tic M d s
en o e . D i or a n . Pl g l M d s a a o e .

M od e I . Mod e I I .

Mod e Il l . Mo de IV .

H yp o L yd ia n
-
.

Mode V . Mod e VI .

Mod e VI I . Mo de V III .

M ode IX . Mo d e X .

s
( Mod e XI an d XII— f ro m B to B and F to F -
w ere no t us ed .
)

Mode XII I . od e XIV

N B — Th e sl s i d ic t
ur n a e the p s iti
o on of t he s m it
e one s w hich it wil l
, ,
be t
n o ed , v i si
ar e n e ve yr

c s
. .

a e.

3 t h ti
T h e Au
en c a n d P l ag a l f o r m s o f ea ch M o d e w e r e d is t i n g u is h e d f r o m o n e a n o th e r b y

c h e tw e
.

t he ra n g e o o m p a ss o f trh e m e l o d y If this l a y r o u g ly sp e a ki
.
ng b e n t h e
“
F i,
n al ,
”

i
( n d ic a t e d a b o v e by t h e l e tt e r F ) a n d its o c t a v e i t w o u l d b e i n t h e A u th en t c f o r m
,
l f b e tw ee n i

t h e n o t e a 4 t h b e l o w t he Fi n a l an d t h e 5 t h ab o ve it i n t he Pl aga l f o r m ,
.

f th i
Fo r ur e r nf o r m a o n o n t h e m a e r , t h e s u d e n ti tt
r e e rr e d t o ( ) Th e ar e in G r o e st t is f i tic l th e re o n v '

ct y
Di i o n ar o f M usic an d Mu an ( ”
r e e d e di o n ) ( ) A en di A s ici s vi s
i n P ou
r
’
ti
H ar m o n ( 17 t h e di o n )ii pp x ts y ti
iii
( ) E t
u d e s ur l h arm o n i e m o d e rn e , Re n é L e n o r m a n d ; ( ) C a e r
’
by II o f M o d ern A ad emi c iv h p t XX c
t p i t by
C o un e r o n
”
Dr C W P e ar e ;( ) C a e r I I
.
I o f .
“
. c v h pt
T h e O r g an A o m a n m e n o f t h e C ur X cc p i t h ch
S er i vcs
e ,
”
by Dr H W R ar d . . . ich s .
27 8 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ON Y .

4 . T he its n am i m pli e s) w as t h e n o t e u po n w h i ch a m e l o d y w it t en in a ny
Fi n al ( as e r

p ar tic u l ar c cl d e d t h e D o m i n an t o f t h e m o d e ( i n d ic at d by t h e l e tt er D i n t h e e x am
m o de o n u e

pl e s i n S e 2 ) w as th a t n o te o f t h e m e l o d y m o r e p m i n e n t th an t h e e st r o u n d w h i ch t he
c .
“
ro r ,

o th e r n t e s ci c l e
o It m st n o t be c o n fu s e d wit h t h e wo d D o m i n an t i n its m o e m o d ern
r . u r r

a pplic a ti n a s t h e 5 th d e gr ee o f a sc al e
o .

5 . The Mo d e s c an be u s e d by p e s en t
r -
d ay c om p o s e s i n t h re e p i n c ip al w ays
r r

( i)
A melo d y i t se lf m od a l i n c ha r ac t er m ay be har mo n i z ed s t r i c t ly i n t he s t yle o f t he p eri o d!
a t w hi c h i t w as t he f a m i li a r f o rm of m u si c a l ex p ress i o n , i n a e t he w hic h c s h a m o n i e s s ho u l dr

i cl
n u d e n o u n re ar e d d p p
o r d , and o u d be is c s
on ned t o t he n o e sh l
on c fi t s c t ai n e d i n t h e m od e
i tself , e .
g .

3 1 d ( Phry ip n) Mo de
g
'

E l g ar h a s an e ff e cti ve i n s t an c e of t he u se of t he 9 th (ZEo lian ) M o d e ( t r an sp o s ed a s em i t o n e

d o wn )
E LG AR . Dream o f Geront iu s .

M od era t o .

A si m ilar ly mod a l m elo d y m ay be t r

( ii ) ea t ed! w i t h a gr e a t er f r eed o m of h a r m o n i c r eso ur ce,

( p ov d ed a lw ays t ha t i t i s i n keep i ng w i t h t he c har a c t er of t h e m e lo d y i t se lf ) Man o f Ba s

r i
’
. y ch
h ar m o ni a o n z ti s
o f t h e o ld L u e r an C o ra ar e y a th n an e of h ls
m e od t pi c l i st c s
t he th is th
fo llo w m g r e nd e r n g o f t h e a i l st li s
t w o n e o f a C o ra i n t h e 3 r d ( P r g an ) m o d e h l
e u ar h y i i s p c li ly
s t r i ki n oty
BA CH Her u m icli er a ng en ( on ud ng ar )
. zlich th t v l c cl i b s .

Ré biko fi — t o c om e do wn p re s en t d ay— h as p o d u c e d a p e c u li a ly d e s o l a t e an d m o u n ful

t o t he r r r

f ct
e fe
s u gg e
, stiv e o f a Ru ssi an p ast o l s c n e by m ean s o f a m e l o d y i n t h e 9 t h (ZEo li an ) m o d e
ra e ,

h by a s u cc s si o n o f b a e 5 th s
,

ar m o n i e d z e r

A lleg ret t o .
W . Ré m k o r r . L im ri lic h c
‘
280 MEL ODY AND H AR M NY O .

7 . To h
iz e su cc e ssfu lly a c c o d i ng t o t h e st i c t u l e s o f t he m e d i e v al Mo d al sys t em
ar m o n r r r

r e q u i re s l o n g an d p a ti en t st u d y o f a sp e c i a l ki n d t h e c o n si d e a ti o n o f w h i ch i s o u t si d e t h e s c o pe
,
r

o f t h e p e s e n t vo l u m e
r S ch st u d y h as its n a t u a l an d l e giti m a t e o bj e c ti ve i n t h e a c o m pan i
. u r c

m e n t o f Pl a i n s o n g i n which t h e u s e o f m o d ern ( a n d e sp e c i ally ch o m a ti c ) h arm o n i e s w o u l d

,
r

r e s u l t i n wh at t h e l a t e M W S Ro c k st ro d e s c rib e d as an a b o m i n ati o n whi ch n e ith er go d s

r . . .

n o r m e n c an t o l e ra t e Ap a t f ro m C h u r ch u se st i c t m o d al h a m o n y m u st i n th e s e d ays
r ,
r r

n e c e ss ar ily be m o re o r l e ss o f a n e x o ti c a d it is u n thi n k a bl e th a t m u sici an s will re v e r t t o it as

,
n

a sys tem Man y o f t h e c h ara ct e isti c e ff e c ts h o w v e o f m o d al w iti n g will d o u btl e ss be

r ,
e r, r

i nc e asi ngly e m pl o ye d t o e n l a ge t h e r ange o f m e l o d i c an d h a m o n i c p o ssibiliti s an d t h u s

.

r r r e ,

n o t a bly t o i n c eas e t h e e ou r c o f t h e c o m p o s er s S c a l e syste m s a e a ft e r all m r e ly t h e

'

r r s tes ar .
-
r , , e

m ed ia by m e an s o f w h i ch t h e i d e a s o f d i ffe ren t g en e a ti o n s o f w r it e r s m o st n a t u ra lly fi n d t h eir

r

o u tl e t t h e f a m e w o k o f t h e m u si c a l s t u c t u e so t o sp e ak
,
r r T h e i di o m s o f a l an g uag e — m u si c al
r r , .

o r an y o th e — c h an ge with t h e p a ss age o f ti m e an d t h e d e v el p m e n t o f th o u gh t an d it i s r ea s o n
r o ,

abl e t o a ss u m e t h a t t h e f u t u e will see n e w s c al e s yst e m s as fi m ly e st a blish e d a n d a s u n i v er s al ly

r -
r

a cc e pt e d as a e th o s with w h i c h w e are f am ili ar t o d ay P o g e ss i n art is n o t t o be fo u n d i n

r e -
. r r

t h e m e e e viv al o f f o rm er h abits o f t h o u g ht an d t u n s o f e xp e ssi o n h o w e v r b e au tifu l ( an d

r r r r , e

e v e n n o v e l ) th e y m ay s e e m t o u s a ft er a l o n g p e r i o d o f d is u s e o r n e g l e c t bu t t h e d e v e l o p m n t e

o f t h e hist o r i c s en s e i n o u ag e h as le d t o t h e r e d is c o v e y o f m a n y thi n g s i n th e m s e l v e s d ee ply

r r

i n t e e sti ng w hi c h h av e b ee n o v erl ai d by an accu m u l a ti o n o f m o e r e c en t i n t ere sts T h e se

r , r

fi nd s o f t h e h ist o ri an a e c l early a h e it age for t h e p e s en t d ay an d n o ar tist o f wis d o m will

.

r r r .

n e gl e c t t h e m i n h is d e si e t o wi d e n t h e b o u n d a r i e s o f h is a t bu t will pu t th e m u n d e c o n t r ib u ti o n
r r , r

fo r h is p u p o s e as o cc asi o n a is e s if t h e y s eem t o s u pply t h e s u it a bl e i n v e stit u e fo r hi s i d e as

r r , r .

Wi t n e ss fo r x m pl ki d f h
tr ea t m en t
, e
o f s o c a lle d
a t he
e, n
ch t s
o aw o m z ano n m d ulg e d In by s om e An g lc
i an o r garu s t s m th eir
-

fi r e o ri m
g an
 ME L OD Y AND HAR MONY . 28 1

A PPE N D I X E .

TH E S TR IN G Q UA R TE T .

1 . y o f t h e e x e rc is e s i n t h e p re s e n t v o l um e a e i n te n d e d t o be w o r k ed as Tri o s and
As m a n r

Q a rt e ts
u b w e d i n st ru m e n ts a fe w w o d s are h e e app e n d e d u p o n t h e c o m p a ss o f e ac h o f t h e
fo r o -

,
r r

c o m p o nen t p ar t s o f t h e u s al S t i ng Qu ar t e t an d u po n t h e i m p o r t an t m att e r o f bow i ng and t h e

u r -

m e th o d o f its i n d i c ati o n i n w iti n g r .

2 . THE V IO L IN w h o s e fo u r t i n gs are t u n e d th u s
, s r

2u d . l st .

h as , fo r i
o r d n ar y p u p o se s
r , t he fo ll o wi n g c o m p ass

wi th all t he i nte r m ed a e i t s o u n d s o f t h e ch ro m ati c s c al e . G o od pl ayer s c an c ar r y the c mp ss

o a

a fe w t s hi gh e r
no e , bu t t h e st u d en t s h o u l d re
ga r d as t he u pw ard limit fo r his
p re se n t p p o se ur .

Tn n V IO L A h as its s t ri n gs t u ne d a p er fe c t 5t h l o w e th a n
r the Vi o li n th u s
,

3 rd 2 nd l st
“ ‘

O . . .

w ith a w o rk abl c o m p a ss o f
e

( i n c l u d i ng
in t he,
as c s
a e Vi o li n all t h e i n t e m ed i te so u n d s o f t h e ch r o m at i c s c ale )
of t he ,
r a .

p t
T h e a r fo r t h e o Vi l a is alw ays w ri t t en wit h t he Alt o ( C) c l e f u n l e ss t he m u si c li e s in t h e ,

h p t
hi g e r a r o f t he n i st u m e n t wh e n t h e Tr e b l e ( G) c l e f is u s e d
r , .
28 2 ME L OD Y A ND H AR M ON Y .

Ta n V IOL O NC E LL O (o r ‘
Ce llo) is in pit ch an o c t av e l o w er t h an the Vio l a , i ts f o ur s trin gs
b e i n g t un e d

a 3 rd . 2nd . l st .

4th .

an d its u s u al c o m p a ss ran gi ng f ro m

Th e Ba (F) ss c l f i s s d f ll b t t h hi gh st t s w h t h T
e u e or a u e e no e , en e en o r ( C) c l f is s bs t i t t
e u u ed, in
o r d er t o a o d v i c s s y l d g li s
u nn e e ar e er -
ne .

As i n t h e c s f t h Vi li t h pw d c m p ss f t h Vi l
a e o e o n, e u ar o a o e o a an d the Vi o l o n c ell o is o fte n
e xt end ed b y pl y s p ss ssi g
a er d v c d t ch i qo e n an a an e e n ue .

3 . Co m p ar i ng a q
b o w e d i n s tru m e n t s wit h a qu ar t e t o f v o i c e s i t m ay be s ai d th at
u ar e t t of -

, ,

ro gh ly sp e a ki n
u
g t h e 1 s t an d 2u d Vi o li n s c o r e sp o n d t o t h e t e bl e an d al t o v o ic e s t h e Vi o l a
, r r ,

t aki ng t h e pl ac e o f t h e t e n o an d t h e Ce ll o th a t o f t h e b a ss v o i c e r e sp e ct i ve ly I t n e e d h ar dl y
r,
’
.

b s a i d t h at t h e ran ge o f a c h
e st i n g p ar t is fa l e ss r e st ri c t e d t h an is t h e c a s e w it h v o i c e s
e r -
r ,

wh ere t h e vo c a l c o m p a s s h as n c e s s a ily t o be c a e fu lly ad h ere d t o i h all c as e s Fu th e i n

e r r . r r,

ac t u al p ac ti c e t h e a b o v e n am e d d ist ib u ti o n o f t h e p ar ts d o e s n o t h o l d g o o d fo lo n g t o g e th er ;
r -
r r
“
cro ssi ng f e qu en tly t ak s pl ac e a n d i t i s o ft e n t h e c a s e th a t t h e Ce ll o (fo r e x am pl e) m ay be
r e ,
’

fo u n d pl a yi n g a m e l o d y i n it s u pp er r e gist er w h il e t h e Vi o li n s an d t h e Vi o l a ar e a dd i n g p ar t s
u n d er n ea th o r th t t h e l s t Vi o li n m a
,
y be
“
a si n gi n g o n its r i c h and e xp r e ssi v e f o ur t h st ri ng ”

w hi l e t h e Vi o l a ad d s a c o u n t e po i n t ab o v e i t — an d so o n r .

4It is v ery e ss e n ti al t h at t h e sp e c i al ki n d o f b o wi n g d e si ed sh o u l d be c ar e fu lly m a k e d

. r r
i n eac h p ar t It is i m p o t an t t o e m e m b e t h a t u n l e ss a c l ear i n d i c ati o n is giv e n t o t h e
'

. r r r ,

c o n t rar y e ver y n o t e will be pl aye d de tached i e wit h a s e p ar at e st o k e o f t h e bo w fo r eac h

, , . .
,
r ,

a le a t o re n d er i n
g b e i n g th u s o u t o f t h e q u e sti o n e g
‘

g , . .

WAGNE B . Die Mc is te rs ing er .

Vi o lin.

If a lega t o is re q u i re d , two m o r e no e
or t s a e i n c l u d e d i n o n e (u pw ar d o d o w n w a d ) m o v em ent
r r r
of t h e ho w , t he a ct l ua b
n um er o f n o e t s t o be t h u s i n c l ud ed b e ing sh e w n i n t h e c o py b y a
sl ur e .
g .

Mo n ar Q ua r e t ti n D ma j o r.

Ce
’
ll o .

5 . If
t o o m an n o e are a e n i n o ne y
bo w , t h e b o w t s
e t k
h as t o m o e s o i t s lf v
sl o wly ac o s s r
t he th t
r n st i
g pi ly w k s v l
a t h e o n e ra d e a e n in t
o u m e , an d a t t h e e n d o f t he ro e st k b e c o m e s e x
tt t It will
t re m e ly a e n u a e d st h f th t b wi
be u n d e r o o d , t e r e o r e ,
. a t he o
'

n
g i n E x (a ) b el o w w o u ld
.

p c ti c lly i p ssibl th t
be r a a m o e, h w v b i q it f sibl
a i n E x ( b) , o e er , e ng u e ea e an d e f e . f ct i v e o w in g o f ,

c s i c sp
ou r e t o t h e d ff e r e n e o f eed t t q i
a n d am o u n o f o n e re u r e d i n t h e t w o a e c s s
A lleg r o mo lt o u ic ace . Mnn nm s so n m — Vi l i C c to o n on er .

O bvi sly ou , m an ym o re n o e ts c an be in c l u de d in o ne ho w at a hi gh t
r a e of sp ee d th an a t a sl w
o one .
284 ME L OD Y A ND H ARMON Y .

s trong acc en t o f a bar u su ally c i c o n id es with a do wn bo w “

8 Th e
-

e x c e pt —(i) c s a e of c t i p h si gs c ss t h cc t
in t h e er a n ra n a ro e a en , e .
g .

w h en t h e d o w n bo w is t ak e n o n a n o rm ally w e ak er p ar t o f t h e ba
- r
( ii ) w h en a s lu rr e d p ass age
o f fa i l y api d n o t e s
r e a ch e s its c o m pl e ti o n o n a st o n g acc e n t e g
r r r ,
. .

in whi ch c as e t he d o w n bo w f e qu e n tly f alls u p o n

-
r t he no e t f o llow i ng t he n o rm a lly a cc e n t e d
p ar t of t h e bar .

9 s tr i ngs a e at t i m e s pl u c k e d wi t h t h e fi nge s i n s t e ad o f b e i ng pl ay e d wi th t h e bo w
Th e r r

t his e ffe c t is c all ed p iz i ca to (i e pi n c h e d ) an d is s h e w n i n t h e pl ay er s p a t b y t he abbr evi ati o n

.

z . .
,
r ,

w o d ar c o i b e i n g e m pl o y e d t o i n d i c a t e th a t t h e u s e o f t h e b o w is t o be r e s u m e d In
L
p i za
z t h e r .

qu a t e t w iti g an d c h am b er m u si c in gen e al t h e p iz z i ca to is r are ly u s e d fo r l o ng at a t im e

,

r -
r n -
r ,

bu t at sp e c i al m o m en ts m ay o ft e n be e xt e m e ly t elli n g r

A ll g t pp e r o no n Em — S xt t i G ( Op
ro o . a i ls e e n .

2ud Vi l o a .

N B — Th e
. . p ts
ar ar e c om p ssre ed o n th re e s t v s t s v sp c
a e o a e a e .

Fo r t h e m an y e ffe cts t o be o a i n e d y d o u l e s o ppi n g

10 . bt b
t h e t r emo lo a n d “ d o u l e b -
t , b ~

bo wi n g,
”
t h e st u d e n t is r e fe rre d t o a n y m o d e r n t r e atis e o n i n st r u m e n t ati o n it is o i o u s th a t bv
c c
su h m att er s an no t be d ealt with a d e u a te ly wit i n t he sc o p e o f an App en d ix su as h is t h e q h ch t ,

j c
ob e t of w i h ch c
is n e e ss ar ily and o f s e t p u r p o s e s e e re ly li m i e d v t .

A d o n b o w , w ho " w pc i a lly r eq w i r e d is i n di c ta ed th s — pb f ll ws —V
s e u l l an 11 o w as
-

o o
w ith t h
-

1 O r o ll’ a re a (i s
’
c . e bo w ) .
 ME L OD Y AND H AR M ON Y . 285

A PPE N D I X F .

MI S OE LLA NE O US E XE R CI S E S .

I I O PRE L M NARY N T E .

1 As i n t h e s ch e m e o f t h e p e s en t v o l u m e t h e e xp e i m e n t a l u se o f t h e v ar i o u s m u sic al
.
, r , r

i d i o m s w ith w hich t h e stu d e n t b e c o m e s acqu a i n t ed t ak e s a fo re m o st pl ac e h e h as f o m t h e ,

r

ve r y fi st b e en e xpe c t e d t o t ry his h an d a t i n ve n ti n g ( b o t h at t h e Pi an o f o t e an d aw ay f o m it )
r r r

pli r ase s an d s e n t e n c e s e m b o d yi n g t h e v a i o u s ch o d p o gr e ssi o n s d e alt wit h i n t h e s e v e r al

r r -
r
c il apt e rs .

2 . s u c h i n v e n ti o n t h e l ea n e s rh yt h m i c al s e n se his f e e li ng fo r b al an c e o f ph a s e and
In r r
’
,
r ,

h is a b ility t o th i n k with so m e d e g e e o f c o n ti n ity a e pu t t o t h p o o f It is in t h e l a st e so t

r u r e r . r r

u o n r hyt hm i c i n t r e st th t s u cc e ss e ith e i n i m p o is a ti o n o i n p e c o si d e d c o m p o s iti o n )

p e ( a r r v r i -
n er

d e pe n d s an d i n t h e n d e a v o u r t o s e c u e this t o s o m e e xt e n t n o b tt e r p r a ctic e c an be f o n d
, ,
e r ,
e u

t h an in pl ayi g o w iti n g an sw e s t giv e n ph r as e s

n r r r o .

3 . At fi st
iv e n p h ra s ( which m ay be q u it e s h o r t ) sh o u l d be b al an c e d by o n e o f t h e
r t he g e

s am e l e ng th Fo e x a m pl e w e will t ak e t h e fi st t w o b a s o f o n e f t h e ear li e st e x e c is e s o n
. r r r o r

t he P i m y t i ad s ( E 5 o n p ag
r ar r a n d a d d a d iff e e t t e m i a ti o n
x . e r n r n

Giv ph s
en ra e —t wo b s ar . A d d ed ph sra e — t wo b s
ar .

O f c o u se t h e m u si c al v l e o f t h e ab o v e as i t s t an d s is sli g h t bu t t he littl e s e n t e n c e is a t l as t
r ,
a u , e

s ha p e ly and hyth m i c al I t sh o l d be c m p a e d with t he fo ll o wi g i n w hic h t h e b e a ki n g

r . u o r n ,
r

u p o f t h e a d d e d t w o b a s i n t o t w o o n e ba
“
hyth m s (li k t h e fi t ph as e ) is p a ti c u l a ly
r -
r r e rs r ,
r r

ti e so m e
r

Th e c c l si t b d w f m th is is t lly t h t t h
on u on o e sw i g ph s s h l d
ra n ro ,
n a u ra ,
a e an er n ra e ou no t

sl vi s hly p d c t h h yt hm ic p tt
a re f t h fi st but —w h il e p s v i g its g
ro u e e r lf l a er n o e r ,
re e r n e n er a ee i ng

sh l d c t i b t So m d g
ou on r f v i ty f t li
u e e e r ee o ar e o ou ne.
9 86 ME L OD Y AND HARM ONY .

4 A c om m o n f au l t wit h s t u d en ts an d o
( th er s ) ,
in c ti i
on n u ng a m e l o d y i s t h at o f i m m ed i
,

o r e x ampl e m an y
t ly p t i F
.

ngits i n iti al n o t e s a t t he c m m en c m en t of t he secon d

o e p h r ase .
,
a e re ea

a b egi n ner ( s u pp o s i n g h e h ad i n v e n t e d f o u b a s s o m e t h i n g lik e t h e

r r fo llo w m g)

A llegr o .

would in all lik e li h o o d p o c ee d th u s

r

t o t h e gre a t d e t i m en t
r of h is tu ne . E ithe r of t he s u cc ee d i ng v er si o n s of t he s ec o n d p hr ase
w o ldu be b e tt er

w he re t he O p en i n g p o ti o n r of t he t u n e is re p ro du c ed i n S eq uen ce , or

in w h i ch t h e fi gu e o f f o u r qu a v e s (in bar 3 o f t h e o r i gi n al p h r as e ) is t wi c e u s e d at a
r r d iff e r e n t
pit ch t o c arry o n t h e t u n e a d egre e o f b o t h u n ity an d v ar i e ty b eing t h e e by s e cured
, ,
r .

c e t ai n am o n t o f f ac ility i n an sw er i n g a g iv e n p h ras e by an o t h er o f e qu al
Wh en
'

5 a r u

l ength h as b e n o bt ai n e d an att e m pt sh o u l d be m ad e t o ex t end t h e n e w p h r a s e s o a s t o m ak e

.

e , ,

i t r hyt h m ic ally w e i g h ti e r a n d m o e i m p o t a n t a n d th u s t o a r r i v e at a h i gh e r d e g e e o f c o n
r r ,
r

t in i t y
u T his e xt n s i n m ay be c a ri e d o u t i n s v e al w ays * t h e c h i e f o f whic h a e ill u st r at e d
. e o r e r ,
r

b el w We will fi st t a k e a fo u r ba ph r as e an d a d d f o u m o e b ar s t o c o mpl e t e a n o m al
o . r -
r ,
r r r

e i g ht bar s e n t e n c e
-

. 11 od em t o .

Ne x t, we will p o stp o n e t he t e m i n a ti o n o f t h e s en t e n c e by an I n t e rru pt e d c ad e n c e

r at ( X) ,

and t h en ad d t w o m o e b ar s t o b i n g t h e m sic t o i t s n c ss ar y c o n cl u si o n
r r u e e
288 MEL OD Y A ND H AR M NY O .

E XE RCI SE S .

A Tak e t h e fi st ph as ly f s v l f t h si m pl m l o di e s i th is v l m e d ad d
r r e on o e era o e er e n o u , an

spo si v ph s s ( i d i c t d i t h e f g i g m ks ) h m izi g t h w h o l
.

o ne o r mo r e re n e ra e as n a e n o re o n re ar ,
ar on n e e

in a m an n e r s i t bl t t h
u a t f t h p ti c l
e om l d y its lf e n a u re o e ar u ar e o e .

B Har m o n iz e t h e
.
f o ll o wi ng ph as e s s u it abl y c o m pl e ti ng e ach e x am pl e
r ,
as i n d ic at e d .

A lleg r et t o .

(A d d t w o ra e ph s s of f our b s ch t c
ar ea o om pl t
e e . Tou ch t h k y s
e e of C m i no r an d E Dm j
a o r an d th en

l s
c o e in B ? i m a or ) j .

( Ad d e i ght m o re b s ar , to end in Gm j a or ; th e n r e u rn t t o t he g iv en ph s r a e , a n d a d d an o th er e i ght b ars

to cl s
o e in C m a j or .
)

(iii ) ( Beg i i g th s
nn n u

w it r e a C M H mn y -
t une Mo du lt
a e i
t o t h e D o m n an k e y i n t h e 2u dt li ne ; t ch
ou C f;m i no r an d F f,
li l st l
. .

mi t ic t
.

nor in t h e 3 r d n e , a n d re ur n to t h e To n k e y in t h e a in e o f t h e un e .

A lleg r o v i va c e
”
.

( Ad d f o ur m o r e ar e n d n g b s i w ith I t p tan n e rru ed c

C ad e n e i n G m a j o r , an d th en bi r ng to a c cl s i
on u on
by m e an s o f t w o ( o r o u r) m o ref b s c l si g w ith
ar o n a Pe r e f ct
C ad e n e ) c .

( A dd fo ur m o reb ar t o cl o s s p h s t sp s d i t B m i
j
in A m a o r, t h e n u s e t h e l st
e ra e, ran o e n o n o r , r e u rn n g t i
to F t m i n o r by t h e ad d iti o n o f c cl i p h s
a hi s fi l p h s m ig ht b
on u d ng ra e T m l na ra e e a nor a one of f o ur
b s xt sq v tw l v b s ( S S 5 b v »
.

ar e e nde d by e u en ti l t t t i ht
a re a m e n t o e g , o r e en e e, ar . ee ec . a o e .

G a aot t e .

( Key D maj or ) .

( Co n t inu e t he a b v o e by a ddi n g a sc
e o nd ph s ra e e n di n g in B D m j
a o r. Be g i n the thi d ph s th s
r ra e u

t he f o ur th p h s ra e to en d in G mi n or . Ad d a fe w b s ar of Co d a on a Ton ic p eda l) .
 ME L OD Y AND HAR M ONY .
289

C .
(i ) Begi nn i n g thu s

wr it s h t p i c i t p t s C s t ct it i s im pl Bi y f m t h fi s t s cti f which
e a or e e n wo ar on ru n e n ar or e r e on o
s h ld b 8 b s i l gth c l s i g i k y C w ith d b l b Th s c d p ti f t h p i c m y
.
,

ou e ar n en o n n e a ou e -
ar e e on or on o e e e a
m d l t th m f l y d m y t 1 2 1 6 b s c cl d i g i t h T ic k y R p d c t h
, .

o u a e ra er or e r ee an a r un o or ar on u n n e on e e ro u e e
cl si g b s f P t I ( t sp s d ) t t h d f P t I I
, , .

o n ar o ar ra n o e a e en o ar .

(11) Be g i nn i n g th s u

Wr it e a Minu e t fo r t h e Pi an o fo rt e , in S m i pl e T e r n ar yf o rm a s f l l ws
o o

Par I (8 t b s ) cl s i g i F m i
ar o n n nor .

I I ( 12 t 1 6 b s ) d v l p i g t h i d
o ar f P t I d t chi g t h k ys
e e o n e ea o ar an ou n e e of E m i
n o r, D ma j o r.
t y f i gi l p h s i T ic k y
, ,

d G m j
an L d b ck t
a o r. ea a o re en r
-
o or na ra e n on e as

I II ( 8 b s ) c l s i g thi s ti m i t h T ic k y S h t C d t
ar , o n d e n e on e . or o a o en .

D . i an o fo te a cc o m p a i m en t t o t h e fo ll o wi ng m e l o d i e s W it e t h e m el o d y its e lf
Add a P r n . r

o n a s p a ra t e st aff as i
e t he c s o f v o c a l o le o r a c o m p o siti o n fo Vi o li n an d Pi an o fo t e
,
n a e a s , r r .

J R m m b th t m y s im pl m l d i s
‘ q i v y littl cc m p im t ; th f d t
‘
e e er a an e e o e re u re er e a o an en e re o r e o no

v l k th g t v l
o er o o f te C f lly c s i d t h ch ct f ch m l d y b f b gi i g
re a a ue o r es s. ar e u on er e a ra er o ea e o e ore e nn n

t h m o i it ar on z e .
290 ME L OD Y AND HAR MON Y
.

Scn u nna r .

A nd an t i n o (
. Vi li
o n So l o .
) M OZ AR T .

ME ND EL SSO HN .
992 M E L OD Y A ND HA R MON Y .

E .
p ar t s fo r 2nd Vi o li n a n d Vi o l t o t he fo ll o wi ng
Ad d a . Co n tin ue the pi e c e fo r at l eas t
e i g h t o r tw e lv e m o re b a s an d c l o s e i n t h e T o n i c ke y
r ,

l st Vi lio n
.

F . l b
E a o ra e t h e t fo ll o wi ng s u cc e ssi o n of ch o rd s in t he t w o w ays s u gge ste d b e l o w . The
ch o rd s m ay be o f an y l en g th bu t th e i r o d e
,
r r mu st be p e s erv ed
r

(Fo r Pi a n o f t
or e .
)

( ls t m th d e o of
l b ti
e a ora on .
)

t
( Fo r S rin g Q u ar e t t — w itr e on f o ur st v s )
a e .

( 2n d method o f
l
e a bo ra ti on .
)
 ME L OD Y A ND HARM O NY . 93

FI NAL NO T E .

A u es f l f m f x ci s m y b d vi s d by t k i g ch d s cc ss i s ( s ch tho s giv i R m n
u or o e er e a e e e a n or -
u e on u as e en n o a

ls th gh t thi s v l m ) d s i g th m i c xi w ith p vi sl y p p d h yt hm c
nu m e r a rou ou o u e an u n e n o nn e on re ou re ar e r i

s ch s th b si s ith f s h t im p vi s ti s t t h Pi f t c si d d c m p s it s
,

em e , as e a e er o orf m ro a on a e an o o r e , o r o o re on e re o o i on .

For e x m pl if t h f ll wi g ( p p s l y sim p l ) s cc ssi f h m i s w t k

a e, e o o n ur o eb s i s (t h s m e u e on o ar on e ere a e n as a a e e i

l
c o on re p s ti g t h s p ti f c m pl t m s ic l s t c i t t w s p t p h s s ) s v l litt l
re e n n e e ar a on o a o e e u a en en e n o o e ara e ra e , e e ra e

p i c s c l d b c s t ct d p
e e ou e onh yth m s s im i l
ru t th s i d ic t d b l w
e u on r ar o o e n a e e o

H arm o n ic s ch em e
7
W IV
b
v I

R hyth m ic s ch em e s

n ag /
A r J “ L
.

A .
u u u u u u ug /
e .

Th e f ll w i
o o ng e x am pl s e ar e p ssib l w
o e o rk n g i s of the f o r e go ng i s ch em e s

A nd a n t e m a c e.
294 ME L OD Y A ND H ARM N Y O .

c u la n d o

NB . Th e u s e o f
-
ch o rd
-
u s cc ss i s i c
e on x i w ith v i d h yth m s i m
n o nn e on s i m il t
ar e r n a a nn e r ar o
th t s st b v s t d t s xp i m t s i Pi f t im p vi s ti h (t h A th
.

,
e d a o e fo r t h e
’
a u gg e u en e er en n an o o r e ro a o n, as e u or
b li v s b
e e e ) f t
e en a e a ur e o f t h e t e chi g f x t m p iz ti by M s J q s D l c
a n o e e or a D
on Y k on a ue a ro z e . r or e
st th s T h s m ks p t h s bj ct l d t b c m pl t
-

tt
. .

T ro e r , Mr E r n e
.

. R e ad a n d o er . e e re ar u on e u e w ou no e o e e
w ith t c i l ck wl
ou o rd a a no edgm en t f t h A th s i d bt d ss t th s w ll k w t ch s i thi
o e u or
'

n e e ne o e e e no n ea er n
re sp ct
s
-

e .
29 6 ME L OD Y A ND HAR MONY .

Con tr ap u n t a l —A t e rm a ppli ed to a sp ci s e e of w iti r ng in which t he e le m e n t of Co u n t p i t

er o n is
p
r o mi nen t .

Cou n t p i t — Th
er o n p ts g i st th t i s giv A p
e art o f a dd n g o n e o r i m o r e m e lo d ic ar a a n o ne a en . ar t so ad d e d

i s ft sp k o f en i l l dy
o en o as a C o u n t e rp o i n t t o t h e o r g i n a m e o .

D i a on c
t i —I cc d c w ith giv k y s ig t
h pp s d t Ch m tic A d i t ic
a or an e a en e -
n a u re : o o e o ro a a on c is
s a le o ne
p c d i g by t s d s m it s i s m d fi it d A d i t ic i t l i s
.

th t
.

ro ee n o ne an e one n o e e n e or e r. a on n e rv a one a c an be
f di
o un d i t ic s c l A di t ic h d i
n a f m d t i l y f m t h d i t ic
a on a e a on c or s one or e en re ro e a on no e t s f o the
s c l A d i t ic m i t i s s m it t h t t s f which b d iff t l tt s
.

a e. a on se o ne a e o ne, e w o no e o e ar er e n e e r - n am e ,
e .
g .F .

to G 9 .

v tib l C t p i t i
D o u ble Co u n t er p o i n t — In m l dy w hich w i ll s v q ll y w ll b v er e ou n er o n : . e .
,
a e o er e e ua e a o e or
bl w l y w hich it i s d d d
.

e o t he m e o d t o a e .

En h m
ar i c — li t c
on si s ti g f i t v l s s m ll th t h s m it Th
on d i s ti cti h wvn o n er a a er an e e o ne e n on, o e er ,
b tw s d s f t h s m p itch i t h t m p d s c l b t h vi g d iff t m s G q Fx
.
. .

e e en oun o e a e n e e e re a e, u a n e ren na e , ,

A PD) i s ls s i d t b h m ic a o a o e en ar on .

E x t en d e d P o si t i o n — ( S e e Op en P o si ti o n ) .

G r o un d Ba ss — A r e u r r ng b as s p ass a g e ,
.
c i ~
ch p titi f w hich c iv s v i ea re e on o re e e ar e d t rea tm t en .

Ha rmo n i cs . S o un d s g iv en o u t by vib ti g s t i g c l m f i i dd iti

a ra n r n or o u n o a r, n a on to it s f d m t l t
un a en a o ne,

or g e n e ra o r t .

I n te rva l — Th e d ff ere n
. i c e in p itch bet w een two s ou nd s . In t v ls m
er a ay be c s id
on e re d (i ) me l d ic lly
o a , e .
g .

( Pe r f . 5t h .
) ( Pe i f 5t h
-
. .

or (n ) h ar m o n ic ll y
a , e .
g .

I nv er s ion — (i ) Of an i n t er va l : t h e ch an
g i ng o f the re a l tiv p s itie f o on o the t wo s ou n d s c m p si
o o ng t he
t vl
i n er a , e g
(P f (P f 4 t h )
.
.

er . 5ih .
) er . .

In v sier on .

(n ) Of ac ho r d : the p l ci a n g o f an y n o e o f a t ch o rd , o th th er an it s ro o t i n t h e ba ss , or l w st
o e
p t ( Ch p t
,

ar s ee a er XI , S ec .

K y —
e A s i s f s er e o ound s f
w hich ch s d b s d fi it l ti shi p o rm n g i s om e p tic
ar u la r sc al e , in ea oun e ar a e n e re a on
c t l s d c ll d t h T ic k y t v y th s d f th t s c l
.
.

t (i ) o a e n ra o un a e e on ,
or e -
no e, ( ii ) e er o er o un o a a e .

M do ( i ) A t m s m t im s s d t d
e. -
t p tic l sp ct f k y o it s m j m d
er o e it s
e u e o e no e a ar u ar a e o a e a. a or o e, o r

Th s 0 m j ft sp k f t h t pp s it m d f t h k y
, .
,

mi m d n or d C mi
o e . u a o r an n o r ar e o en o en o as e wo o o e o es o e e
f C o
ld E ccl s i s tic l s c l T h p s iti f t h s m it s i s ch s c l s v i d i v y
.

( ii ) A n o e a a a e e o on o e e o ne n u a e ar e n e er

i st c ( S A pp d i x D )
.

n an e . ee en .

M ti — Th p g ss i
o on f m l d ic p t
e l i i l ti t
ro th
re th s Th
on tho a. e o ar or ne n re a on o an o e r, o r o er ere ar e re e
ki d s f M ti Si m i l t y d O b l iq ( C h p t I I S
.

n i o C o on, v z .
, a r, o n rar an ue s ee a er , ec.

Op P i ti
en Wh t h
os t s f ch d li t pp i m t ly q l d i s t c s f m
o n. -
en th e no e
g o a or e a a ro x a e e ua an e ro o n e an o er , e . .

( S ee Clo se Po si t i o n .
)

Ov er lap p i ng of p a r la s i s s id
— T hi a to t ak e pl ac e (i) wh en hi gh p t p c d s t a l w
a er ar ro ee o o er n o e t th an
th t s a o u n d e d by a lw p ti
o er ar p vi s ch d
n t he re ou or or ( ii ) w h l w p t p c ds t en a o er ar ro ee o a high er
th t s high p t i t h p vi s ch d g
,

n t th
o e an a o unde d by a er ar n e re ou or , e . .
 M E L OD Y A ND HAR M ONY "

.
297

The p hibiti
ro on i s t v l ppi g i s
aga n o er a n m o re pplic bl t s t ict v c l h
a a e o r o a arm o ny th an to h arm o ny

fo r i st m ts
n ru en , a nd v th it i s f q
e en en re u en tl y d i s g d d g re ar e , e . .

0 v l pp i
er a ng is uno bj cti e ona bl b tw e e ee n i
d ffe re n t p s iti s o on of t he s am e h arm o n y , e.
g .

Par t — A s o u n d, or a s is
er e of s o u nd s ll tt a o ed to a s i gl v ic
n e o e, o r to an i st
n ru m en tp ro d u ci n g o nly o n e

s
.
,

o un d at a t im e .

Pa r t -
w r i t i ng i s t ib ti f p t s i l ti t
.
-
Th e d r u on o ar n re a on o o n e an o th er .

Phr a s e — A m s ic l p i d h yth m with s m f m

u a er o or r o e or of c d ti l t
a en a e rm n a i ti on, w hich i s i t h ythm i s r c

c lim x c lm i ti
, ,

a or u na on .

Pi tc h — Th h i g ht d p th fe s d Pitch m y b (i)
e or e o a o un . a e a bs o lu te (o r fi x ed ) , a cc o rd n g i to s om e de fi it e n

st a n d ar d , vib ti s p s c d ) ( ) l ti 1 it m y b hi g h 522 ra on er e on , or 11 re a v e, 1 6 " a e er

l w th th t f th s d w ith w hich it i s f t h m m t b i g c m p d
o er an a o an o er o un ,
or e o en e n o ar e .

P lyp h i —( li t
o m y s di g
on c M s ic i s s i d t b p ly p h ic w h it c s i s t s f s v l p t s
an -
ou n n u a o e o on en on o e e ra ar ,

d i d p t m l d ic i t s t ( S C t p t l )
. .

f i d ivi d
o l n d ua an n e en en e o n e re . ee on r a un a .

P g ro i — M v m t ith m l d ic
r ess o n h m ic o e en , e er e o or ar on .

Bo t — Th s
o d f m w hich ch d i s d iv d d f m w hich it t k s it s m ( S C h p t IX
e o un ro a or er e , an ro a e na e . ee a er ,

Sec .

8 0a le .
—A s iser e of s ou nd s in a l p h b tic l
a e a o rd e r, h vi a n
g a de fi itn e r e la ti on to a c t l s
e n ra ound c ll
a ed th e
To n ic ,
or ke y n o -
t e.

S c a le d eg r e e s
-
o o w i n g n am e — Th e
ar e u u a a f ll
ed t o t h e ar o u i
d e gr e e o f an y d a o n a e s s ll y ppl i v i s s i t c sc l
p t ic
.

c t
1 st , T o ni ( o r k e y n o e ) ; 2n d , Su e r o n ; 3 r d , M e d a n ; 4 t h , Su d o m n an ; 5t h , D o m i n an ; 6 t h ,
-
i t b i t t
S u m e d an b i t
7t h , L e ad n g n o e i -
t
f ll w i s i s c l s sp ct v l y
.

In S o l f a, t h e o o n g ar e t h e d e gr e e n am e fo r t h e m a o r an d m n o r
- a e re e i e -
j
M aj o r sc a le : D o h , R ay, M e , Fah , S o h , L ah , T e , D o h '
'

ic f
M mo r s a le ( a r m o n c h
o r m ) ; D o h , R ay, M a w , Fah , S o h L aw , T e , D o h
'
,

2
L ah ’ T e ,
l ic f s
(m e o d
!
o r m ) : D o h , R a y, Maw , Fa b , S o h , D oh

8 00r e A g m t f ll t h v c
n a r ra nl d i s t m t l p t se f c m
en p s iti o b v ath t h n e o a an n ru en a ar o a o o on o n e a o e e o er o

s m p g Sc s t ki d s
.

th e a f d iff
e a Cl
e c mp d co re Sh t ar e o e ren n ose o r o r e ss e s o r e, or sc ore

w hich ll t h p t s ( f ch s t ch s t ) w itt s p t st v s
.

(2 ) F ll c i u s o r e, o n e n a e ar or or e ra , o ru e c ar e r en o n e ar a e a e .

w hich t h v c l p t s w itt s p t s t v s th
.
,

( 3 ) Pi f t O g ano i or e or r a/n s c o r e, one n e o a ar ar e r en on e a ra e a e , e

ch s t l cc m p im t b i g c d s d (4 ) Op c i F ll c
or e ra a o an en (5) S h t e n on en e en s o re , f
e , u s ore or

t f c m p s iti p t w st v s f t h O g Pi fo t ls f p rt s
.

g m
an a rra n e en o a o o on u on o a e as or e r an o r an o r e : a o, o ur a

w itt p t w s t v s ( 6 ) V c l i w hich ch v ic p t i s w tt p sp t
,

r en u on ( ) o a e o a s c o r e, a o ne n ea o e -
ar ri en u on a e ar a e

s t ff ( b) th sc l T ms
.

Pi f t ( F m D icti y f M by "
”
a m f an o O g e r na e or a ano o r e o r r an o re ro o n ar o u sxc a er ,

J G i s h — J s p h Wil l i m s L t d )
, .

A th r ur . r een o e a , .

T i m — Th g e . pi g f s i s f g l p ls s i t s t s by m s f p i d ic cc t
e ro u n o a er e o re u ar u e n o e e an o er o a en .

T on abi t g/ — K y i t h w i d s t ppl ic ti e f t h t m ; i cl d i g
n t e ly t h l t i h ip f t h s d s
e a a on o e er n u n no on e re a ons o e oun

w ithi y k y t t b t t h l ti s hi p f k y t k y m p l d by t h
.
,

th
n an d t th i k y o ne e o an o e r an o e r e -
no e, u e re a on o e o e , i ie e

s hifti g f t h k y c t s w h t i s d s c ib d M d l ti ( S C h p t XIX )
.

n ot c e e -
e n r e , so a s o au e a e r e as o u a on . ee a er .

T i ti — A p ssi m ly m m t y m d l ti s m tim s sp k
n f T si t e o en o as a r an en
r an s g on a , or e re o e n ar , o u a o n, o e
m d l ti o u a on .
iii
v ME L OD Y A ND H AR M ON Y

SU PPL EME NTA RY EX ERCISES TO BO O K I .

C H APTER II . SECTI O N A (pa ge s 10

Ad d a me l o d i o u s p ar t (n o te aga i n st n o t e)
- -
fo r 2md Vi o li n b e l o w t he fo ll o wi ng m e l o d y
B J
. . Da ns .

07 8 3
i ) ( 8 2 m aj o r )
.

(C m no r
. .

Se q uen c e .

C H APTE R I I . SECTIO N D (p age

Add a si m il ar m e l o d i o u s par t b el o w t h e fo ll o wi g n
H A R R Y Fa nJ ao x .

(A lt o .

C H APTE R SECTIO N E ( p age s

II . 15

Ad d a si m il ar m el o d i o u s t re bl e p a t a bove t h e f o ll o w i
r
g n

A nd a n t e .

p oeo r it .

s Fm i no r. E 9 ma j or
. C m i no r .

CH APT ER IV S C T IO N A ( p age
. E

A dd a r i ght hand par t m o vi ng i n

-
q u aver s t hr o u gho u t .

B J
. . D a ms .

leg a t o
 ME L OD Y AND HA R M ON Y .

A dd a si m il a p a t
r r a bo ve the fo ll o wi n g '
Ce ll o p ar t ,
Wr it e fo r t h e Vi o l a , on t he A l to s t aff .

PAU L Co m ma .

V SECTI O N F (page
C HAPTE R .

Ad d a p a t i n q u av e r s a b o ve t h e f o ll o wi n g c o n sisti n g p i n c ipally o f t i e d n o t e s
r . I n c l u d e asr .

m a n y i n st an c e s o f s u sp e n si o n s as p o ssibl e A n o c c si o na l p a ssi n g n o t e m a y be u s e d
. a -
.

(A d d T b l re e . S M . .

S . M .

in C m i no r .

Ad d a T re bl e in c ro t c h et s a b o ve the fo ll o wi ng i n tro d u cing s u sp e n si o n s w h e

, re su i t ab l e .

PA U L CO RD E R .

V SECTI O N H (p age
C H APTE R .

Ad d a no t h e p ar t (in whic h t h e n o t e s v a y i n l e n g th ) s i m il a
r r , r in styl e t o t he o ne g iv e n , belo w
t h e f o ll o wi n g I n t o d u c e ti e d n o t e s ( o re sts) w h ere s u it a bl e
. r r .

PA U L Co m ma .

V i li
o n.

’
Ce ll o.

PA U L CO R D E R .
 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y . xi
Add a simil ar par t (fo r Vi o l a) a bo ve t he fo ll o wi ng
PA U L CORDER .

VII (page s 4 6
C H APTE R

Th e f o ll o wi n g e x e c is e s m ay a t t h e o pti o n o f t h e t e a ch e r p c e d e o r a cc o m p an y t h e
r , ,
re

P e l i m i n a y E x e c is e s i n 3 p a t m e l o d i c w iti n g g iv e n o n p age s 4 7—5 0

r r r -
r r E ch o f t he s u b j e c ts . a

g i v e n b e l o w is i n t e n d e d t o b e a cc o m p an i e d by t w o o th e d e fi n it e ly m e l o d i c p a ts in w h i ch t h e
r r ,

n o t e s sh o u l d be o f i d e n tic a l l e n th wit h th o s e o f t h e
g g iv e n p a t r .

N B —E a ch s bj ct s h l d b s u e ou e u ed (i n tu r n ) as a Ba ss bl a Tr e e , an d ai l p t (A l t
m dd eT ar o or e no r )
T thi s d it s h l d b t sp s d s it p t ic l v ic q i d Th hi t s t th
. .
, .

o en ou e ra n o e so as t o u t he ar u ar o e re u re e n as o re e
p t m l d ic w iti g g iv i C h p t (p s s h l d b c f ll y s t d i d b f
.

ar e o r n en n a er VI I Se c 6 ag e 50 5 1 )
-
ou e ar e u u e e o re
w ki g t h x ci s s giv b l w
. .

or n e e er e en e o .

S . M .

C h l
o ra .

D ma j o r.
 ME L OD Y A ND HAR M ON Y .

CH APTER VII . SECTI O N B (p age s 49

Ad d i l e p a t i n c o n t i nu o s q u av e s (e x c e pt w h e re o th e wise i n d i c at ed )
a m dd r u r r . Th e thi rd

q u ave r in e ac h ba m u st be a s u spe n si o n (whic h n e e d n o t n e c e ss a ily be t ied )

r r . S usp e n si o n s
m ay be u s ed als o at t h e fi r st q u av e o f s o m e o f t h e b ar s
r .

HA R RY FA R J E ON .

( ll m
ores .
f .

A dd m dd i le pa t t o t he ll wi m o stly i n qu av e s an d c r o tch e t s T i e d n o t e s an d
a r
f o o n
g , r .

a e ly a v a l a bl e bu t an o cc asi o n a l a c c e n t e d p assi n g—
n o t e m ay b e f o u n d
.

s u s e n sw n s w xll be
‘
p r r i ,

e fi ec t i ve
Ha m z y FA RJ E O N .
x iv ME L OD Y AND H A R M O NY .

HA RRY FA nJ E O N .

n or
, o p ti lly )
o na .

N B — Wo rk t h e
. .
f o re g o n g i s bj ct s l s
u e a o i n t h e m an n e r i d ic t
n a ed o n p ag e 53

CH APTE R VII SE CT IO N E (p age .

Ad d t w o fl o r i d p a ts t o
r the fo ll o wi n g pl ac i n g t h e s b j e ct in t u rn i n
,
u Ba ss , Tr e bl e , an d A lto .

HA R R Y FA RJ E O N .

(o r ,
o pti lly )
o na .

p ts
Ad d ar Vi o l a and Vi o l o n c ell o b e l o w t h e fo ll o wi n g
fo r me lo d y . k e c a e t o m ak e t h e
Ta r

p ts l i c ally i t e sti ng by d e v e l pi ng s o m e fi g
ad d e d ar m e od n er ,
o u re or figu re s i n e ith e r t h e s u b j ec t
its lf
e y o u r o w n p ar ts M ark t h e b o wi ng
o r i n o ne o f . .

A n d a nt e m od er at e .

C ma j or . Ke y A m a j or .

f
—fi o
P

The t w o f i
o re g o n g e x ci s s
er e m ay be u s ed e q lly w ll
ua e fo r f our -
p t w iti
ar r n g , as i n di c t
a ed in
h pt V p
.

C I II
'

a er ag e 61 .

M OD A L M E L OD I E S .

( Se e Ar r E ND Ix D ,
p ag e

The fo ll o wi ng m o d al m e l o d ie s by M H a y F j eo n m ay be w o rk ed i n t w o t h ree o r
‘ ’
, r . rr ar ,

fo ur par ts (o e v e n with a pi an o fo t e acc o m p n im e t ) Th e m e l o d i e s sh o u l d be k e p t i n t he

, ,
r r a n .

t e bl e p a t
r r .

MO DE L —Do n u s .
 ME L OD Y AND H ARM O NY
. XV

MODE III —PH RY G IA N

. .

A nd an te .

MO DE V — L Y D IA N
. .

Co n m ot o .

MO D E V II — M I
. X O L YI IA N
-
) .

A lleg ro .
 A N A L Y T IC A L IN D E X .

By SY LV I A E C U R REY . ,

T h e i n i t i a ls f . n . a f ter t he nu m be r o f a pa g e i n d i c a t e t ha t t he pa r t i c u la r s u b ec t
j is f rr ed
re e
to m a f o ot -
n o t e on that pa g e .

PA G E PA R PA G E PA R
p ssi t s (A pp g t si x th Ch d i
.
.

A C C E NTE D a n g no e -
o A u g m en ed , or o

g iat u r as ) C on t in u ed
b v
A o e no e of ts ch d or 1 50 O u mino r c d f sc l se on o a e
o f D o m i nan e t s v th en 1 51 s l ti s re o u on
pp ch
A ro a l p
ed by e a I 49 O S bd m i
n t f m j u o n an o a or
h
C ro m atic 1 49 k y e

l t ti
E ar y n o a o n o f 1 48 Au th t ic c d ce
en a en
c bi ti
In o m n a o n 151
p t l ic
I n t w o ar m e o d -
28 Au th tic M d
en o es
w iti g r n 42 A ux ili y t b l w h m
ar -
no e e o ar onv

R s l vi g pw d
e o n u ar s
1 49 no t e 1 8 no te to (a ) 4
1 50
-

S d d w ith
o un t f s l
e no e o re o u

ti on Ba ss ss t
( B a —n o e) d e n e d fi
A cc t l p siti
en u a o on “

Ba ss v ic fi
e d e n ed
,

ti l i f ch d
o
Of c d i i t
,

a en a s x o ur or 94 B n d ng o n e
-

O f s cc s i p iti s f
-

u e s ve os on o i t
B n d ing o n e , R e e a e o f l s
h
-

o ne ar m o n y Bo wi
n g ( se e un d e r Vi o li n
)
s sp s i s
Of u en on Br o k e n -
ch o rd f o rm a ti son
95
26 7 et s eq
A cc m p im t f v ic .

o an en o a o e or

5 0 10 i t ns ru m e n t
s i x th Ch CA D E N C E (o r C ls
o e )
A d d ed , o rd o f
D e ned fi 295

93 3 a nd [ n
em m ine e n d i ng
3
I
li
. .
a

Ae o an mode 1 46 16
Im e r e p f ct 2 95

c si s fi
A n a ru , d e n ed In t w o ar p t l ic iti
m e od wr ng -
10

c si t t
A n a ru s T r e a m e n o f I n err u t pt
ed 2 95
An ticip ti s
a on
,

I n e rt e d v 1 22, 1 23

App t s
o g gi a ur a ( se e Ac c en te d sc l i
M a u n e a n d Fe m n n e i i
pa s s i ng n o te s )-
e nd ng i s c t st
o n ra ed

App i t t t t
o g g a ur a re a m e n of
Pe r f ct
ch i t i th
o rd o f D o m n a n n n
e

c
Ar o
P l l
t f th op t
ag a
A u gm e n e d o u r In t w ar
ti l i —f ch d
-

w iti g
r n C ad e n a s x our or

A gm
u td i t v l
en e n er a A cc t l en ua

I m l dy
n e o At I m p f ct c d
an c er e a en e

I mi n k A
no i d cv v01 1 nc e
'
o f B f e P f t c d
o re a c er e c a en e

l s q c D fi
,

I T n o na e uen e e d ne
bli g
”

A gm
u tdti d
en e r a D ou n

D fi d
e ne Fi g i g ur n

F m d b y ch m ti
T tm t
re a en

d fi
or e ro a c

l t ti f ch d s
a e ra on o or
C an o n
C ano n
, d e

E x m pl i f m f a
ne

e n or o
lsq c
,

I T n o na e ue n e

O M di t f mi
n e k an o no r ey C an o n E x ci s s i f m f er e n or o
t d s i x th Ch d i
,

A gm
u en e or o

F m ti t F m d fi d
,

or f a on O C an o er o, e ne
I v rs i
It li
n e

a F an
o ns

ch G “
re n
“
er
Ch an gi g nts —n o e

Ch l dfi d
,

o ra e ne

L ss s l f ms f Ch l w ith th fl id p t s
,

or
u
e ua o o ra re e or ar
O mi n s i x th f s c l
no r o a e a d d d ( B ch )
e a
O mi
n i x th f
no r l s o sc a e , Ch or d d fi d e ne
s l ti s Ch d s f s i x th i s cc ssi
,

re o u on or o n u e on
O mi n s c d f sc lno r e on o a e Ch ro m tic d fi d
a , e ne

2 08
3 0° A N A L Y T I C A L I N D EX .

PA GE PA R PAG E PAR .
i t ic ch d s f i th ( i t i th Ch d f
.

D a on or o n n se e Dom nan n n , or o

S d y h d
ec on arf i t h) c or s o n n C ti on d nue

D im i i h d fifth i
n s e t p t n wo -
ar N i th n s l vi g fifth re o n on or
w i ti g
r n 4 0 s v th e en

D im i i s h d i t v l i m l d y
n e n er 5 a n e o N i th n ss ti l t as e en a no e
D im i i s h d s v
n th C h d f
e e en 5 or o 20 R s lv d e T
o ic ch d
e on on or

D im i i s h d t i d D mi t l v th Ch d f
,

n e r a o n an e e en or o
D mi t l v th C h d f
,

D fi ed ne o n an e e en or o

lsq c ys v th s)
, ,

I T n ona e uen e I i ( d
n v e rs o n s s e c o n ar e en 2 16
O S p t
n ic f m i
u er o n o no r D mi
o t t h i t th C h d i
n an r een or o
I mi
,

k y e n k y no r e 2 19 n o te to 5
O S p t n ic f iaj k y
u er o n o n or e I si s s c d y
n ve r on e on ar

( ch m tic) ro a s v th s) e en 2
20 -
222 8—1 0
O L dm — b f m j
11 ea w no e o a or or M v m t o ef thi t th
en o r e en

mi k y no r e 1 1 2, 1 1 3 h w cc m p i d b y
en a o an e
D i c ds i t
s or p t w iti g
n wo -
ar r n s v th e en

B t e t m vi g p t s
11 e o u wo 55 o n ar P s iti o f thi t th w h
on o r een en
E ss ti l en a 4 4 0 -
2 cc m p i d b y s v th
a o an e e en 2 22

s ti l T hi t th pp g g i t 2 18

£
r een

1
as a o a u ra
U n e se n a
T hi t th r eenss ti l t as e en a no e 2 1 9 , 2 20

Di ss o n an t i t v ls n er 7 a 1 D i m d
o r an o e 277
D i ss tti d
o n an r a 64 D oubl c t p i t d fi d
e o un er o n e ne 296
D mi t i E cc l i s tic l bl p d l
,

o n an n es a a D ou e e a 26 1
M d s b l s sp s i s
,

o e D ou e u en on 144
D mio tti d
n an r a

Ch ct f ar a er o D oub li g n

F ll o d b y S bd m i
o 11 e u o n I s cc ss
n u f ch d s e f io n o or o
t h m s i x th
P c d d b y S bd m
an y ar on
re e e i u o n I t i d s ( d i ct )
n r a re
t h m an y ar on

D mio t s v th C h d f
n an e en or o I t i d s i fi s t i v si
n r a n r n er on
A m d l ti g h d
,

s o u a n c or

Fig i g ur n I t i ds i s c
n r a d i v si n e on n er on

I v si n s er on O f d isc d s i pi f t or n an o o r e

I v si n s U f er on se o
id i m o 266
O f L di g
,
tea n no e 67 n o te to 9
O m i ss i
~

f fifth on o Of L di g t ( pea n no e ex ce
O m i si
-

f s t on o ro o ti s t b v l ) on o a o e ru e 2 59 , 2 66
Of m l d pi f t
R s l ti
i e o y n an o o r e
d l d
cc m p i m t
,
e o u on e av e
a o an en 2 69 9 and fm
R s l ti S bd m i t D w w d c m p ss f vi l i
.

e o u on on u o n an o n ar o a o o n,
h m ar o ny vi l i l c llo a, V o o n e o 32 33
R l ti e so u S bm d on on u e
»

i t h m
an y ar on
R s l ti e o u T ic h on on on ar E c c w s xa sr rc a r M o d e s
l v th h
.

m y on E e en C o r d o f ( s e e D o m in an t
R s l ti w ith i si g ,

e o u on r n ele v en t h , C hr o m a t i c c ho r d of
s v th e en 1 2 1 , 1 22 eleven t h)
T k a i sq c
en n e ue n e h
E n a rm o n d e n ed ic fi
T s iti l ) ran o na
"

h
E n ar m o n m o d u at o n ic
,

l i
W ith pp g g i t sa o a u ra s
By m e an o f a u gm e n e d t
W ith s sp i s ti s
'

u e ns o n r ad
D mio t i th Ch d i
n an n n or o By m e an o fs ch
o rd of
D c t d w i t h pp gg i
,

e o ra e a o a au gm e n e d t s i x th
t
I v si
'

nr a s 211 By m e a n of s ch
o rd of
n s (m j
er on
5 a or 20 206 d m n i i i s h s v th
ed
I v si s (m j e en
i th )
,

n er on a or n n
id f c
11 1 o s c tiv s 6
an c e o on e u e
,

20
I v si n s f t at m t
er on re er re en
f se th
,

o ve n

I v si n s mi er i th
on , nor n n E ss ti l d i s c d s
en a or

N i th npp gg i t as a o a ur a

N i th s l ig
n t
re o v n o n ro o
Es s ti l d i s c d s i two p t
N i th s l g thi d
n re o 1 i n on r
en

w iti g T tm t
r n
a

, re a
or

en
n
o f
ar

40
-

42
 A N A L Y TI C A L I N D E X .
30 1

PA GE PAR PA GE PAR
x t f ls l
.

t ti i ti
.

E pe di e n a e no a o n ( se e H ar m o n z a on of me o di e s
Fa t s e N o t a t i o n ) C on t i n u e d
xt
E end ed o p s iti fi
o n d e n ed U se o f a cc t en e d p si a s ng
t i ph s ts
,

Ex e ns o n o f ra e no e

U se f i v t
o n er ed ch o rd s
U se o f m o d u a i o n l t
FA LS E No t ti
a on U se o f u e ns o n s sp i s
ti
H a rm o ni z a o n o f C o r a h l by
B ch
,

H yp A l io eo an a n
d o th er Pl ag a l
ls l ti
-

Fa e R e a o n Mo d e s
ls
F a e T r ad
”
i s
Fe m i ni n e
1 11 11 111 1 1 0 5:

F ifth s , Co n s c tiv
e u e, de fi ne d

( s ee
t v
C o n s e c n t w e fi f t hs )
p t Im p f ct c d c d fi
er e a en e, e ne d
Flf t h
l
.
In e r
c
al O f 1 11
. two ar -

Im pl i d d xp ss d
e an e re e
-
modu l a

i
me
F g u ra i o n
od i

t
w r 1t 1n g ti on

i
F g ur e d b a ss In t e r ru pt d c c d fi d e ad en e, e ne

D efi n e d In t er v l d fi d
a , e ne

OI C h o rd O f Dom i n an t In v s m vm t
s v th
e en
er e o e en

Of 5 n 5 Pe n S iO n S
In v er si f i t v l d fi d
on o n er a , e ne

In v er s i f ch d d fi d
on o or , e ne

of t i ds v t c
I n e r e d ad e n c e
t p l
r a
v
I n er ed ed a
l s
U se o f i n e o f c o n t i n u at l o n
0

i
I o n an m o d e
F1n a1 i n E e a a cc l si s tic l
l i l ic v t
,

F or d m e od m o em en I t ah an s 1x th
l i l ic v
F o r d m e od t
m o em en ts H in
w ith
,

r e g ard t o 26 28 KEY
l ic v
-

Flo r id m e o d t t t
m o em e n re a De fi d
f ts ne
,

m n o f o u r no e t o o ne
l c t De t m i d by D m i t
er ne o n an
F v t
x l e lw l c m o e m e n
s v th f ll w d b y T ic
zi li li
l u se e en o o e on
a

i m t
s
ch d or
Fl i
gi dm g to
l d r e i c n o ve en u se
N l l t d k ys
e ar y r e a e e

No t d e fi n e d b y a 8 i n g le
Fl d m l d ic m v m
o ri te o o e en u se c no rd
f m l d ic m i sc l
,

o e o no r 2
a e 3 4 3 44
p t m l d ic w iti g
, ,

F o ur -
ar e o r n 5 9 et se q
th I t v l f i t
.

F o ur n er a o n wo 36 10 LE A D I N G ‘
N O TE “

p t m l d ic w iti g
, .

n o te to 9
ar e o 6
b lm
r n "
42 "
Don
th s th b C s c t v
a
84
F o ur w1 ass , on e u i e
f
F l l i g (i B ch )
1 02 . n .

ch si x th
a n n a
2 42 3
I mi
F ren
’ 4
n k y no r e
2 44 7
N d m t l s v th s d fi d n o te to I mi
n k H w no r ey o
n a en a e en e ne 1 79 1
pp ch
,

l s v th s
,

F d m 2 76
t o a ro a

l s q
un a ent a e en 11
I T n c ona e uen e
U f i m l dy
se o n e o
G ER M A N s i x th L d i g s v th C h d f
ea n e
,

en or o
L ps U f i m l dy
,

G r o un d B ss d fi ne d
ea se o n e o

L p t p f ct f th i t w
, ,
a , e
ea o er e o ur n o

H A R M O NI C S d e n e d fi p t m l d ic w iti g
ar e o r n 2 7 s ec o n d

c i sc l L yd i
,

H ar m o ni m n o r a e
m d
an o e 2 77 2

H ar m o ni cc tic s c l
hr o m a a e

t l is
H ar m o ni z a i o n o f m e o d e M A J O R t i rd h s on f o ur th an d fifth
C d c ( C d )
a en e se e a en ce de gr ee in u s s cc ss i e on
Im p t c f g d b ss
o r an e o oo a j
M a o r r i ad d e t ,
fi ned
3 02 A N A LY TI C A L I ND E X .

PA C E PAR PA G E PA R
sc li tl s l ti i
. .

Ma u n e e n d in g 94 B O rn am e n a re o u on o f D om
i tti
Me d a n j
r a d i n m a o r ke y 1 13 5 6 n ants v e en th 1 0, I I
i tt i i tl s l ti
, ,

M e d an r a d i n m n o r k e y 1 1 4 7 O m
rn a en a re o u on o f p as s m g
l ic ch tic s c l — ts
,

Me o d ro m a a e 2 7 2 —2 7 4 4 9 no e

l ic c s t cti
M e od on ru on 4, 5
l ic i s c
Me od m no r al e 13 O m
rn a t l en a re s l ti o u on o f Sus
l ic i
Me o d m no r sc l
a e 150 p si s
en on

A pp gg i t i th o a ur a n n 202 O v l pp i g
er a n o f p ts ar

M l d ic m
e o sc l i fl id i no r a e, n or 23 O v l pp i g
er a n o f p ts i ar n t 11 o -
p t
ar

p t w iti g w iti g
,

t w o -

tar r n 4 3, 44 r n

M l d ic m i
e o sc l i f f no r a e, n or 16 1 , 162
m ti f ch d s
a (
on o or 1 9 2, 193
M l d ic m i
e o sc l t t no r a e, re a 43 7
m t f m j s i x th
en 1o a or 161 1 6 2 2

M l d ic m i cl t t
.
,

e o no r s a e, re a 43 7
m t f m i s v th
en o no r e en 16 1, 1 62 2,
M l dy d fi d
e o e ne 1 2

Mi sc l F m s f
,

no r a e, or o 31 12
Mi nor tid d fi d r a e ne 64 2
M ix d ( M d l ti g) s q c
,

e or o u a n e ue n e 2 58 2
M i x l yd i
o m d an o e 2 77 2
M d o d fi e,d e ne 29 6
M d s E cc l s i s ti l
o e e a ca 27
M d s E cc l si s tic l U
,

o e f I e a a se o 2 78 -
2 80

m s ic h tic
, ,

i m d n o e rn u C ro m a

M d l ti
o u a on

By p v t ch d
166

!
5
i o or
fi
-

16 7 6 D e n ed
By p iv t ch d ( ch m tic ) o -
or ro a 2 47 2 48 3 In t w o l d ic w iti g
ar me -
p t o r n
sc dp s si
,

I6 7 5 Pr o g r e s o n o f e on as
168 7 a nd f n t
ing no e
piv t
-

l p
u

By o -
no te 1 73 8 Q itt u ed b y e a
1 74 n ote to II
1 77 10 R s l ti ed l y d
o u on e a e

Us l t tm t f
2 48
4
ic
E n ar m o n h 2 4 9 et se
q
ua re a en o

xp ss i pl i d P ss i g s i x f ch d
.

E re e d an d m e 1 77 1 78 a n o ur or
l lt s
-

P ss i g i f ch d T t
,

N e ar y r e a e d k e y -
1 65 3 a n s x o ur or re a
l
-

t f
,

O n a ed a 261 a nd jn m
p 9 en o
t P d ls
.

T r an 5 1 e n 168
7 e a

U f i f ch d
se o f 16 7 " 0 13 to 6 fi
D e ne d
s x

key
o ur or o
1 73 8 c t
D e o ra e d
n ew
1 75 9 a nd note Dou e bl
Mo ti d fi d
on, e ne 296 Ef ef ct i t
o f D o m n an ic
o r To n
Mo ti s i m i l c t
o n, ar o n r a r y, 8 p l
ed a
o b l iq ue
9 Ef ef ct of p l
ed a on th
o er
s sc l
d eg r e e o f a e

v t
I n er ed
N E A PO L IT A N s i x th 197 n o te a nd lt
M o d u a io n o n
t t
T re a m e n
l
Ne ar y re a e d k e y lt s f ct c
Pe r e c fi
ad e n e d e n e d
i t
N n h Ch o rd o f (se e D o m i na n t Per ef ct c ad e n e c cc t l p s
a en ua o t
,

fi l ch
.

ti
,

n i nth , S eco n d a ry c ho r d s of on o f na o rd
n i n t h C hro m a t i c c h or d o n i n t h )
,
f Per ef ct c c
ad e n e o m i ss i fifth
on of
f ic ch
,

ro m T o n o rd
N u m e ra l no t a ti on f ct f th
Pe r e o ur p t l
in t w o — a r m e o
di w iti g
c r n
Ph s ra e ,d fi d e ne
O BLI QUE m o ti on de fi ne d P h yg i
r m d an o e
mo ti on to oct v a e or Pi an of t id i m s
or e o
D c ti d fig ti 26 7 —2 6 9
O ct v U f i t
a e. se o n wo p tm ar e o l I
e o ra
cc m p im t f
o n an u ra on

d i w it i g
-
, n a o an en o
e r n
v c l i st m t l
o
O ct v Ca s c tiv (es , on e u e se e Co n sl o o
a or n ru en a

Op
ti
sec ut )
p siti d fi d
ve oc a ves I g m
n arr an t f ch d s e en o or
en o on, e ne I ch d p g s i
n or -
ro re s o n
3 04 A N A L Y TI CAI ;I N D E X .

PA C E PA R PA GE PA R
p t ic ch m tic ch d s l it s x m pl
. .

Su er o n ro a or of To n a y V a g u e ne s o f e a e
l v th d thi t th h pi
.
,

e e en an r e en 2 3 8, 2 3 9 by C o n
Su sp s i sen on l it
T o n a y V a g u e ne s ,
s o f , e x m pl
a e

t l p siti b y W a gn e r
A cc
'

34 2 74
en ua o on
I35 To nic t i
r ad 66
34 To nic t i
r ad h ct f
C ar a 65 , er o
1 44
I 4S
T onic t i d O m iss i f fifth
r a
23— , on o
1
ic ch m tic ch d f s v th 9 3
i
Fi o urin g
143 ‘44 1 T on ro a or o e en 22 2 0
147 T onic ch m tic ch d f i th 3 l ro a or o n n 2 2 c s eq .
In t w o ar p t l c
m e od -
i w ri t m g 35 3 7 T onic ch m tic ch d s f ro a or o

In h re e a r tmep t l d ic -
o 49 B l v th d thi t th
e e en an r een
iti g wr n 54 n o te (3 ) T si t i d fi d
ra n o n, e ne
Ov ch d f D m i t
er or o o n an T i d
r a
s v th e en C s t dfi do n o n an 64 e ne

P p ti D fi d e 64
ne

D is t d fi d
re a ra on
64
s o n an e ne
R s l ti d l y d bli g
,

e o u on e a e D o u 67 n

R s lv d pw d s P im
6 5 39 4
e o e u ar r ar
y
74 l c se q

S d d w ith
o un t f sl e no e o re o u S c d y e on 4 t ar 10 e seq
ti T i ds W k d st
.

on 1 37 n ote to (c ) r a g p f 86 ea an ro n ro

S sp d d f th
,

u en e o ur 133 2 (b) g re ss i o n s o f i 1 12

S sp d d L d i g
S p d d i th
u

us
t en

en
e

e n n
ea n ~
no e 1 34
133 2 (a )
3 Tri pl s sp e u en si s on
fig
S sp d d s i x th
u en e 134 (c ) T it
r one 5
T i pl ( S sp s i
r f e u en on o 1 45 15 Tw p o tm ar e o l d ic w iti g r n
w h l ch d )
-

o e or 146 16 Di t c s an e b tw p t s
e een ar
S y c p ti i t p t w iti g
n o a on n wo ar r n
tm t i
-

T re a en o f m no r k ey

T H TE E N TH C h d f (
IR D mi or o see o U f i se o t v l
n er a of fifth
f i t v l f th
,

n an t t hi rt e en t h , C hro m at i c c ho r d U se o n er a of o ur

o f t hi r t e en t h )
T h re e p t m l d ic w iti g
ar e o r n
ts fi
D ist c b tw p ts
-

U NE S S E N T I A L no e ,
de ne d
an e e e en ar

O m i ss i f t fti d on o no e o r a
(S e e a ls o u nd er P a ss i ng n o t es
P ssi g — t s i t p t
-

a n no e n wo ar s a t an d S u spen s i o n s )
c is p t w iti
.

at on e Un on, U se o f i n t w o a r r ng 9
-

U se o f I m a it ti on Un is b l iq on, t t O ue m o ion
,

28
T ie U se o f i n fl id or l d ic
me o f msc ro e o nd
o ,

1 27
v t U is s s c tiv
, ,

mo e m e n 8 9 10 n on Co n e u
l th p t e 10
, ,
,

T ie V a ue f o in re e -
ar

w iti g
,

r n
T i c d P ic d i
V IO LI N

T im
er

d fi
e e ar e
Bo wi g H n ow to i d ic t
n a e
m p ss
d ,
e, e ne
T lsq c
o na e ue n e
i
Co a

ic t
T l
o na se ne n e o , L ic c s en e in
Vi l
P zz a o

c s
‘

o a C o m p a ss o f
Vi l c l p ss
,
o ur e 0
T lity d fi d
o na e ne
V c l
o o n el o Co m a
l
of ,

ls a Me o d y
,
o
K ey)
(Se e a o
h C ar a e r ct i s tics
of

p s f
C o m as f o r t h e o ur o i v cs
To n a l ity , V ague ne ss of iff s f
H o w i t d e r ro m in s t r u
e

m t l m l dy
en a e o

To n a y, v ag l it ue n e ss o f e x m pl
a e V o ic e p ar t s A r r a n ge m e n
~
t o f
i
, ,

by G r eg

1 0 11 11 0 11 : H E ND E RS O N S PAL D ING , um , 1 111 11 1 13 115 , S YL VA N GRO VE,

 T HE B E R N E RS E D IT IO N
OF S T A NDA RD A ND C O PY RIG HT W O RKS
C l ear ly E n g ra ved an d Ed i t e d b y C o m p e t e n t
-
Pr o fes so rs

O ve r 7 00 Vo l u m e s a l r ea d y I ss u ed
W i th l
E m e ra d G re e n C o e r a n d Re d M o n o g r a m Bo r d e r v a nd o f Br i t i sh M an u fa ct u re t h ro u g h t
ou .

i si
C o m pr n g V o c a l a n d In t rum e n t a W o rk b y t he fo o s l s ll wi ng Co m ps s o er

B RA HM S G RIEO R U BINS T E I N C O NC O NE C RA M E R S U IRE

C O WEN H E L L ER BU RU M U L L E R G O RING W HIT E , M L . . D S S EK
C L E M E NT ! T HO M A S PA NO I I I HE L ES
éfiQ gggfi
F R A NZ L E C O U PPE Y
s i N o t Na L O E S C HH O RN J A C QU E S M AS S E NE T M AC K IE
BE RT IN I J E NS E N D A L C RO Z E PL E YE L ELO A R W H IT E HO U S E
C H O P IN KO H L E R M E N D E LS S O HN RA FP H E NL E Y E A R NS H A W
C Z E R NY KU HL A U S C H U M A NN S T E IBE LT KA YS E R S T A N FO RD
D IA BE L L I KU L L A K HA N U E L S W INS T E A D M A Z AS D U N H IL L
BE E T HU V E N L IS Z T BO W E N S T RE L BZ KI S PO H R S C A RL A TT I
A RNE M A T T HA Y S O W E R BY QUE P S O M E RV E L L RE INE C KE , e t c .

G O D A RD L E NO RM A ND H U RLS TO NE W ID O R
Net Pr i c es , 2/ a n d u pw a r d s . W r it e fo r L i t s s

x
E t ra c t s f ro m PIA NO A L BUM S E RIES
T HE BE RNE RS E D IT IO N . O F A SSO R T E D V O LU M E S O F C O PYR IG H T PIA N O
N ET WO R KS BY M O D ER N CO M PO SE R S
ti s P l s
PRIC E

c
.

Ba h , J S 1 8 Pe re u d e pk
T w o Part
15
.

-
.

I v ti n
t
en o ns
1ll ac . w o n ) ( F)
Bat h , H u e r t b
T w o E gyp t ian ske t c h e s .

Fi v e c o u n t r yd a n c es
1 5 T re e Pa r h -
tI v i n e n t o ns ( Ma cp/z em o n )
Bi d d e r , He le n
C o x , C yn t h i a C S i t it t le p i e c e s
.

l
.

t v i ics
.

Be e h o e n , L v a n. P a no P e e ( F) D u nh i ll, T F A t in y s u i t e
w
. . . o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Bo e n , Yo r k . S pa re Mo m e n t s Bo o ks T ri r c e s ho : t p i e c e s , O p 4 6 .

h
.

E llio t t , L i o n e l E i gh t e e n li t t le pre lu d e s
.

eac M a yflo w e rs p te c e < )

h s J h
Br a m o a n ne s Wal t z e s O p 39
E s i p o fl S t e p a n
,

Fa r j e o n . Ha r r y L yric p ie c e s , O p 4 0 ( Bo o
.

l
.

C h o pi
, . . . .

N l M ac /i/z er xo n ) G ls o , M a u d
’

F A h i d
( F) i
l b
n, o c t u rne s n c r e n s p a rt
.
y
.

G ra h a m , J i
L it t e p e c f
V a ls e s ( M a p/l em on )
b g i nne r s
e s o r e
( F)
.

He r e r t , Iv y S ix m in ia t u re s .

Itn pro m pt us J e f f re y, C A m i n ia t ure s u i t e

( j a d e , N W C r t m a P e e fo r C h is s i c s hil
.

d re n ( F) J e p h s o n , Fr a n k Six e a s y p iec e s
G r eg, E i
.

L yr a P ec e
.

O p 1 2 Bk I ( F) ic l i s L e e . 8 M a rk h am
. Fo u r it t e d a nc e s
.

. l l
l l
. . . . . .

S ix c h a rac t e r is t ic pie c e s
A u s d e m Vo ks e be n O p 1 9 ( F) so na t in as
b
. .
T hr e e
H u m o re s ke n Op 6 ( F) L lo yd , C H G lyn d e o u r n d a n c e s
c ic s
e
. . . .

Po e t i P t u re Op 3 ( F) M ac k e n z ie , A C J o u ing s ( 2 Bo o ks )
ics
. .

i
. .

M o d e r n C o m po s e r s S ix p ie c e s ( 2 Bo o ks)
Han d e l
Ha yd n , J
1 2 P ano fo r t e P e e ( Bil /o w )
.

E asy C as c l si s lw
M u le n , Fr e d e r i c
Ne t o n , E r n e s t
Firs t Sc a nd i na via n s u i t e
C o u n t r y li fe
.
.

w lv l i l
.

t h
. .
o o o o o o o o o o o

He l l e r , S e p e n T e e Me o d e s Pa s c a l , Fl o r i a n S t ra y e a ve s
J e n se n , A S o n g s a nd D a n e . Op cs
.

. .
Re d h e a d , A
w
Ro le y. A le c
Wo o d a n d sc e ne s
.

T w o a u m ea v e s, O p 1 6
l lb l .

o o o o o o o o o o o o

Ku lla k , J
M e nd e l o h n
Y o u t h 'u l D ays
ss
.

S o ng s u i t h o u t Wo rd s
wl b
S o e r y. E
S h i l i n g t o n, M
.

S p r i n g id y s
.

l
T w e v e i ns t r u c t i v e p ie c e s
ll
.

S t a n f o r d , C Vi l i e r s l .

S ix s k e t c he s ( p ri m a
. .

ll
h r is t m as P e c es fo r S ix ( i w Si x s ke t c he s ( e e m e n t a ry)
F l x
il S ins t ead . e i S ix pie c e s fo r c hi d re n, O p 2 2
.

. .

C h d re n O p 72 T o o t e l l , G eo r g e o li d a y t i me H
l sic
. .
9 0

M O Z al t , W A
.

’
E as y C a s s ( F) W h i t e , M L Sho rt lyric s ( Bo o k s I a nd I I ) 2 0

hil h
. . .

t i i
. . .

Sar o r o , A C d o o d Me m o r e s O p
s hi l h
.

c t
. .

S h u m a n n , Ro be r Sc en e o f C d o od .

S T U D IES
.

Op
ts ics
. .

Fa n a y P e e ( F)
' '

Is c h a i k o w s k y A bu m fo r t h e Y o u n g l l
G a r it t , C Ve ry Firs t S t ud ie s , 0 87
.

O p 39 .
. .

l
V e o c it y S t u d ie s fo r
1
e g in n e r s , Op . 1 86
Ble h l , A Eas y O c t a ve S t u d i e s, O p 1 40
l
. . 2

A P IA NO FO RT E S C HO O L O F D o r ln z , C H. M e o d io u s E x e r c ise s ar ra n g e d in
.

p ro g r e ss i v e o rd e r ( 2 Boo k s ) e ac h

V
. .

P R O G R E S S I E S T U D IE S G ra h am J S ix Sig ht R e a d ing St u d ie s , O p 1 0
ci ll y i chi g P p s s b
.
, , . 2 0

S pe a su ted fo r T e a n ur o e W o lff , B 2 0 S h o r t S t u d ie s fo r t he t ra in in g o f oth

P ic ch v l m
. .

h a n d s , O p i oi
r e 2 ! ne t ea o u e.
.

P im i St u d ie s fo r Be g in n e rs O p 2 2 5
G rad e IA G rad e IV In t e rm e d
oooooooo
.
,
r ary at e
P im
.

Ko h le r L 1 5 S t u d ie s ( 2 Bo o k s) , O p 2 86
.

G rad e 1 13 ( Bo o k 1 )
.
, .

r a ry

l T w e n t y fo u r S t ud ie s , O p 2 3 2
.

i
-

”A
.

G ra d e E e m e nt a r
y G rad e V In t e rm e d at e
Ru t h a r d t , A St u d ie s h e S ha ke , O p 4 0 ( 2 Boo ks)
.
.
on t .

G rad e II B ( Bo o k 2 )
l b e ac h
.

G ra d e II I .
G rad e V I In t e rm e d . i at e L e C o u p pe y T he A p h a e t , O p 1 7
. .

D u n h il l , T F T e n S t u d ie s
( Bo o k 3 )
w
. .

Ro l a n d , E Firs t Pian o S t u d ie s
.

L on don : J o seph W i ll i a m s Ltd 3 2, G r e a t Po r tlan d St reet,

 T HE A NA LYT IC A L E D T IO N O F I
B E ET H O V E N S S O NA T A S
’
.

Ed i t e d , p h as r ed and fi n g e re d by S T E W A RT M A C PHE RS O N
E x am in er am] L er/w z e r
-
' '
a! [ i n R oya l A ca d e my o f d l u si r, L o nd o n ) .

T hi s E d iti o n i s ni q ue in t h fac t th t e ch So n ta is p e c e d d by c m ple te an ly s i s

u e a a a r e a o a

o f it s s e v e l m o ve me ts b s e d u po n t he p i n ci pl s e t f th in t h e Ed ito s Fo r m n M u s “: ‘
ra n ,
a r e s or r i

n e t c as h ) . It i s t h e r e f o re o f p e c i a l e d u c a t i o n a l v a l u e t o t h e
, , s t u d ent s .

T he ph s i ng th o gh o t thi s E d i t i o n ha b e e n c
ra r u u ie d u t in cc d n c e w i t h m o d e s arr o a or a rn

i d eas o n this i m po rtant su bj e ct and it i s b lie v ed th t w he e s h ph a m g h s b ee n ad d e d by

, e a , r uc r s a

t h e E d it o r, it w ill be fo nd t o be th o o ghly in c c d n c e W th t he m e ng nd s pi t o f t h e
u r u a or a
'

i an i a ri

m si c
u .

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T HE A NA LY TIC A L E D IT O N O F I
M O Z A RT S ’
S O NA T A S .

Is s u e d u nd e r t h e g e n e ra l s u pe r v i s io n o f, w i th A n al y si s w ri t e n by t
S T E W A RT M A C PH E RS O N .

it e d Ph ra s e d a n d Fi n g e r e d by G EO RG E FA RL A NE
Ed , , .

T his Ed iti o n o f M O Z AR T S So n at as h as b ee n d it e d o n t he s am e li n es a Stewa t

‘

’
e s r
Mac ph e s o n s BE ET H OV E N Each So at i s p e c ed e d by n analys is o f its s e v e al m o v e
r
’
. n a r a r
m e nts ; t he ph si ng is in ac c d anc e w ith m o d ern i d e
ra or as .

T he fo ll o wi ng m a k e d with an s te i s k h av e b ee n p bli s h e d
r a r u

Pri c e 2 / n e t e ch a .

No * 7 . in C . No .
*
i 4 i n C m in o r .

NO 3 “ 8 in A m in or . No . 15 in F .

NO 3 “ 9 in D . No .
*
i 6 in C .

No fi i o '

in C . No .
*
71 i n B flat .

No i ‘
n in A . No .
*
18 in D .

No . 12 in F.
No .
*
1 9 in F .

in B flat .

an d
*
Fan tas i a i n D m in o r ; * Fa n a t si a in C m i no r .

L ond on : J os ep h W i l l i a m s Ltd 3 2, G r e a t Po rt la n d St ree t W

, . 1 .