Exercise 2D

1 =
a 3,=
u 2,=t 6,=
v ?

v= u + at
= 2 + 3 × 6 = 2 + 18 = 20

The velocity of the particle at time t = 6 s is 20 m s−1.

2=
u 10,=
v 0,=t 16,=
a ?

v= u + at

0 = 10 + a ×16
a=
− 10 −0.625
16 =

The deceleration of the car is 0.625 m s−1.

3=s 360,
= t 15,
= v 28,
= u ?

u+v
s= t
 2 
u + 28
360
= ×15
2
360 × 2
= u − 28
15
= 20

The velocity of the car at the first sign post is 20 m s−1.

4 a =
a 0.5,=
u 3,=
t 12,=
v ?

v= u + at
= 3 + 0.5 ×12 = 3 + 6 = 9

The velocity of the cyclist at B is 9 m s−1.

b =
u 3,=v 9,=t 12,=
s ?
u+v
s = t
 2 
 3+9 
=  ×12 =6 ×12 =72
 2 

The distance from A to B is 72 m s−1.

5 a=s 24,
= t 6,=
v 5,=
u ?
u+v
s= t
 2 

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 u +5
5 a 24 =  ×6
 2 
24 × 2
= u −5 = 3
6

The velocity of the particle at A is 3 m s−1.

b=
u 3,=
v 5,=
t 6,=
a ?

v= u + at
5= 3 + 6a
5−3 1
a= = = 0.333 (to 3 s.f.)
6 3

The acceleration of the particle is 0.333 m s−1.

6 a a=
−1.2, t ===
6, v 2, u ?

v= u + at
2 = u − 1.2 × 6 = u − 7.2
u= 2 + 7.2 = 9.2

The speed of the particle at A is 9.2 m s−1.

b=
u 9.2,=
v 2,=t 6,=
s ?

 u + v   9.2 + 2 
s=  t 
=  × 6= 11.2 × 3= 33.6
 2   2 

The distance from A to B is 33.6 m.

72 ×1000
7 a 72 km h −=
1
72
= ×1000 m h −1 = m s −1 20 m s −1
3600

20, a =
u= −0.6, t =
25, v =
?

v = u + at = 20 − 0.6 × 25 = 20 − 15 = 5 m s −1

5 × 3600
=5 m s −1 = km h −1 18 km h −1
1000

The speed of the train as it passes the second signal is 18 km h−1

b=
u 20,=
v 5,=
t 25,=
s ?

u+v  20 + 5 
s=  t=   × 25 = 12.5 × 25 = 312.5
 2   2 
The distance between the signals is 312.5 m.

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8 a a=
−4, u =
32, v =
0, t =
?

v= u + at
0 32 − 4t
=
32
=t = 8
4

The time taken for the particle to move from A to B is 8 s.

b=
u 32,=
v 0,=t 8,=
s ?

u+v  32 + 0 
s=   t=   × 8 = 16 × 8 = 128
 2   2 

The distance between A and B is 128 m.

9 a=u 16,
= t 40,=v 0,=a ?

v= u + at
0 16 + 40a
=
−16
a= = −0.4
40

The deceleration between A and B is 0.4 m s−2.

b=
u 16,
= t 40,
= v 0,=s ?

u+v  16 + 0 
s =  t =  × 40 =8 × 40 =320
 2   2 

The distance from the bottom of the hill to the point where the skier comes to rest is 320 m.

10 a =
u 2,=
v 7,=t 20,=
a ?

v = u + at
7 = 2 + 20a
7−2
=a = 0.25
20

The acceleration of the particle is 0.25 m s−2.

b From B to C=
, u 7,=v 11,=a 0.25,
= t ?

v= u + at
11= 7 + 0.25t
11 − 7
=t = 16
0.25

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10 b The time taken for the particle to move from B to C is 16 s.

c The time taken to move from A to C is (20 + 16) = 36 s

From A to C=
, u 2,=v 11,
= t 36,=s ?

 u + v   2 + 11 
s =  t =   × 36 = 6.5 × 36 = 234
 2   2 

The distance between A and C is 234 m.

11 a From A to B ,=
a 1.5,=
u 1,=t 12,=
v ?

v =u + at =1 + 1.5 ×12 =1 + 18 =19

The velocity of the particle at B is 19 m s−1.

b From B to C=
, u 19,
= v 43,
= t 10,
= a ?

v= u + at
43
= 19 + 10a
43 − 19
= a = 2.4
10

 The acceleration from B to C is 2.4 m s−2.

c The distance from A to B,=

u 1,=v 19,=t 12,=s ?

 u + v   1 + 19 
s = t =   ×12 = 10 ×12 = 120
 2   2 

The distance from B to C=

, u 19,
= v 43,
= t 10,
= s ?

 u + v   19 + 43 
s = t =   ×10 = 31×10 = 310
 2   2 

The distance from A to C is (120 + 310) = 430 m.

12 a =
u 0,=
v 5,=t 20,=
a x

v = u + at
5 = 0 + 20 x
x= = 0.25
5
20

b While accelerating,=
u 0,=v 5,=t 20,=s ?

u+v 0+5
s =  t =   × 20 = 2.5 × 20 = 50
 2   2 

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12 b While decelerating, u =
5, v =
0, a =
− 12 , x =
−0.125, t =
?

v = u + at
0 = 5 − 0.125t
=t =5 40
0.125

Now,=
u 5,=v 0,=t 40,=s ?

u+v  5+0
s =  t =   × 40 = 2.5 × 40 = 100
 2   2 

The total distance travelled is the distance travelled while accelerating added to the distance
travelled while decelerating = (50 + 100) = 150 m.

13 a From A to B

v= u + at
30
= 20 + at1
at1 = 10 (1)

From B to C

v= u + at
45
= 30 + at2
at2 = 15 (2)

Dividing (1) by (2),

at1 10
=
at2 15
t1 2
= as required.
t2 3

b From the result in part a

t2 = 32 t1
t1 + t2 = t1 + 32 t1 = 52 t1 = 50
t1 =52 × 50 =20

From A to B
= , u 20,
= v 30,
= t 20,
= s ?

 u + v   20 + 30 
s = t =   × 20 = 25 × 20 = 500
 2   2 

The distance from A to B is 500 m.

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 Challenge

a Distance s is the same for both particles: AB.

For the first particle: u = 3, v = 5, time taken is t seconds

 u + v   3+5
=s =  t =  t 4t (1)
 2   2 

For the second particle: u = 4, v = 8, time taken is (t – 1) seconds, because the particle starts 1 second
later than the first and arrives at the same time)

u+v  4+8
s=  ( t − 1) =   ( t − 1) = 6 ( t − 1) = 6t − 6 (2)
 2   2 

4t = 6t – 6 (1) and (2)

t=3

The time for the first particle to get from A to B is 3 s.

b Substituting this value of t into equation (1):

s = 4t = 4 × 3 = 12

The distance between A and B is 12 m.

[Check by substituting into equation (2): s = 6t − 6 = 6 × 3 − 6 = 12]

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