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Chapter - 4 Basic Geometrical Ideas: AB AB BA AB AB

The document defines and describes basic geometrical shapes and concepts. It defines points, line segments, lines, rays, curves, polygons, angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, chords, diameters, sectors, and segments of circles. Key geometrical terms are introduced such as vertices, sides, adjacent, opposite, interior and exterior of angles. Common shapes are defined including triangles, quadrilaterals and circles.

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142 views2 pages

Chapter - 4 Basic Geometrical Ideas: AB AB BA AB AB

The document defines and describes basic geometrical shapes and concepts. It defines points, line segments, lines, rays, curves, polygons, angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, chords, diameters, sectors, and segments of circles. Key geometrical terms are introduced such as vertices, sides, adjacent, opposite, interior and exterior of angles. Common shapes are defined including triangles, quadrilaterals and circles.

Uploaded by

Renuka Kr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER – 4
BASIC GEOMETRICAL IDEAS

• A point determines a location. It is usually denoted by a capital letter.


• A line segment corresponds to the shortest distance between two points. The line segment
joining points A and B is denoted by AB . AB and BA denote the same line segment.
• A line is obtained when a line segment like AB is extended on both sides indefinitely; it is
denoted by AB or sometimes by a single small letter like l.
• Two distinct lines meeting at a point are called intersecting lines.
• Two lines in a plane are said to be parallel if they do not meet.
• A ray is a portion of line starting at a point and going in one direction endlessly.
• Any drawing (straight or non-straight) done without lifting the pencil may be called a curve.
In this sense, a line is also a curve.
• A simple curve is one that does not cross itself.
• A curve is said to be closed if its ends are joined; otherwise it is said to be open.
• A polygon is a simple closed curve made up of line segments. Here,
(i) The line segments are the sides of the polygon.
(ii) Any two sides with a common end point are adjacent sides.
(iii) The meeting point of a pair of sides is called a vertex.
(iv) The end points of the same side are adjacent vertices.
(v) The join of any two non-adjacent vertices is a diagonal.
• An angle is made up of two rays starting from a common end point.
• Two rays OA OA and OB make ∠AOB (or also called ∠BOA ).
• An angle leads to three divisions of a region:
• On the angle, the interior of the angle and the exterior of the angle.
• A triangle is a three-sided polygon.
• A quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon. (It should be named cyclically). In any quadrilateral
ABCD, AB & DC and AD & BC are pairs of opposite sides. ∠A & ∠C and ∠B & ∠D
are pairs of opposite angles. ∠A is adjacent to ∠B & ∠D ; similar relations exist for other
three angles.

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• A circle is the path of a point moving at the same distance from a fixed point. The fixed point
is the centre, the fixed distance is the radius and the distance around the circle is the
circumference.
• A chord of a circle is a line segment joining any two points on the circle.
• A diameter is a chord passing through the centre of the circle.
• A sector is the region in the interior of a circle enclosed by an arc on one side and a pair of
radii on the other two sides.
• A segment of a circle is a region in the interior of the circle enclosed by an arc and a
chord.
• The diameter of a circle divides it into two semi-circles.

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