High Power Motor Management Panorama
High Power Motor Management Panorama
High Power Motor Management Panorama
Management
Panorama
Motor Management offers for electric motor
applications above 100 kW
schneider-electric.com
2 | High Power Motor Management Panorama schneider-electric.com
General Contents
Power quality 29
Motor Management by
8
Schneider Electric
45%
…of electricity produced
Where do we find high power motors?
worldwide
High power motors (>100 kW) can be found in electro-intensive industries, such as Oil and Gas, Water
and Wastewater, Mining, Minerals, and Metals, and in some applications in the Marine segment. Typical
high power motor applications include utilities, transportation operations, and industrial processes.
• Application characteristics (such as mechanical load torque, motor control, load, or inertia, or the
type of process)
• Starting conditions and their impact on motor operation, lifespan, and the load it drives
• Motor selection and control, which are themselves influenced by grid power quality (e.g. harmonics, >90%
voltage unbalance, etc.) and the operating environment (e.g. seismic area, gaseous or dusty
explosive atmosphere, etc.). …of electricity produced
in electro-intensive
industries.
Motor Management by
Schneider Electric is
the ability to define an
optimized solution for
energy distribution,
protection, and control of
high power motors
After completing our Motor Management approach for optimization process, we can analyze the type
of solution your specific high power motor application needs. Here are our 5 Motor Management
solution domains, which can be identified in every motor feeder electrical diagram. In a more global
overview, the solution domains apply to multiple motors connected to the same busbar, fed by the same
transformer or contributing to the same industrial process.
3 4 2 1
1 Sub-domains included in "Expert services for motor 4 Sub-domains included in "Motor protection and control":
applications": • Protection relays
• Software • Switchboards and motor starters
• Analyses
• Services 5 Sub-domains included in "Motor asset management":
• Portfolio management
2 Sub-domains included in "Advanced motor control": • Operation performance
• Autotransformer starters • Asset condition assessment
• Soft starters
• Variable speed drives
6
5 Offer description
7
6
7 Application segment pictograms:
• Mining, Minerals, and Metals
• Water, Wastewater
• Oil & Gas
• Marine
For more information regarding the different technical terms and abbreviations used in the panorama, please refer to the "Motor Management glossary" section.
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Software 16
Analyses 16
Services 17
PM105329
PM105246
PM105248
PM105249
PM105247
Intuitively select your LV Energy savings estimation Protection of people and Modeling and simulation of Analyses of harmonics
motor starter solution on HVAC pump & fan equipment all starting methods and solution proposal
motor applications
Motor applications
• Hoisting Pump and fan motor Any application with • Compressors All applications with VSD
• Conveying applications up to 2.4 MW protection relays • Fans driven LV motors
• Lifting • Pumps
• Packaging
• Material working
Motor Management functions
• Selection of starting Allows you to: • Definition of protection Models the system: • Typical in LV networks
solution between direct, • Select the right Altivar equipment (sensors, • motors (with mechanical with variable speed drives
reversing, star-delta, soft drive for your application relays) and protection load, inertia) • Focuses on the power
starter, VSD • Obtain enriched principles in fault • generators (voltage/ system taking account of:
• Short circuit protection information on selected conditions power regulators) - all the drives fed by
embedded in combination solution(s) • Definition of protection • transformers the same transformer
motor starter (TeSysU), • Compare the energy relay settings • starting method - the voltage distortion
manual motor starter consumption (with or (contactor, soft starter, during normal operation
(TeSys GV), molded case without the drive) VSD, autotransformer, of the system
circuit breaker (Compact), • Estimate the potential star-delta) - operation on back-up
or fuses energy savings from a generators
• Overload protection financial and electrical - the harmonic voltage
embedded in motor starter, point of view, as well factor for parallel running
breaker, or separate relay as your contribution to motors
• Type 1, 2, or total the environment (CO2
coordination emissions)
• Save project data on your
device or send it by email
Motor Management benefits
• Simple and complete: • Save time • Obtain the most Ensure compliance of the • Be aware of the potential
no need to use printed • Quickly estimate the optimized coordination selected starting solution hot spots for harmonic
catalogs with coordination payback period (non- • Maximize the process with the constraints of mitigation
tables contractual results) continuity the electrical system and • Ensure compliance with
• Fast: dedicated tool • Cumulate estimates for • Help ensure the safety of driven load (voltage sags, the required standards
focused on motor starter your installation: up to people and equipment generator stability, thermal (IEEE 519) or THD
vs. full calculation software 10-motor applications stress, mechanical stress) • Have an assessment
for electrical network • Export useful data related of the efficiency of the
• Continuously updated to your project different possible harmonic
with the latest Schneider • Estimate potential energy mitigation solutions
Electric products savings
• Install on PC,
smartphones, and tablets
PM105253
PM105252
PM105252
PM105251
Analyses of the motor Solution commissioning All the spare parts you Maximize uptime with Technical knowledge
overvoltage protection need by Schneider Electric preventive maintenance for safe operation and
maintenance
Motor applications
All applications with DOL All applications All applications All applications All applications
starting HV motor
Connect to IoT
Motor applications
All applications
Autotransformer starters 22
Soft starters 22
PM105256
PM105258
PM105259
PM105257
Distribution and motor Autotransformer motor Soft starters for pumps Soft starters for heavy duty LV distribution and motor
control switchboard starter and fans industry & pump control center
Main standards and certifications
NEMA, CSA, UL, ABS IEC, NEMA, DNV, BV, LR, IEC/EN, UL, CSA, EAC IEC, UL, CSA, EAC, DNV, IEC, CCC
ABS (GOST), CCC, C-Tick CCC, NOM, SEPRO, TCF
Motor voltage range
208…600 V 2.2…7.2 kV 230…440 V/230…600 V/ 230…415 V/208…690 V 400…690 V
208…600 V
Motor power range
11…300 kW 100…4,200 kW 4…500 kW 4…900 kW Up to 250 kW
(315 kW @ 500 V)
Application segments
Motor applications
• Compressor • Compressor • Centrifugal pumps • Compressors • Centrifugal compressor
• Fan • Fan • Compressors • Conveyors • Centrifugal pump
• Pump • Pump • Conveyors • Fans • Fan
• Fans • High inertia machines
• Piston pumps • Pumps
PM105334
PM105260
PM105263
PM105262
PM105261
LV power distribution and Distribution and motor Reduced voltage soft Reduced voltage Reduced voltage soft
motor control center control switchboard starter sequential soft starter starter
Main standards and certifications
IEC, DNV, RINA, BV, Shell NEMA, CSA, UL, ABS IEC, NEMA, DNV, BV, LR, IEC, NEMA, DNV, BV, LR, IEC, NEMA, DNV, BV, LR,
DEP, EAC (GOST), CCC ABS ABS ABS
Motor voltage range
400…690 V 208…575 V 2.2…7.2 kV 2.2…7.2 kV 2.2…7.2 kV
Application segments
Motor applications
• Centrifugal compressor • Compressor • Compressor • Compressor • Compressor
• Centrigugal pump • Fan • Fan • Fan • Fan
• Fan • Pump • Pump • Pump • Pump
PM105264
PM105266
PM105265
PM105267
Drive products for pumping Drive products for solid & ATV660 compact drive ATV680 low harmonic ATV960 high performance
& fan applications mechanics movement systems drive systems drive systems
Main standards and certifications
IEC, NEMA, DNV IEC, NEMA, DNV EN/IEC, UL EN/IEC, UL, IEEE 519 EN/IEC, UL
Motor applications
• Compressor • Artificial lift • Archimedes screws • Archimedes screws • Artificial lift
• Fan • Conveyors • Centrifugal and • Centrifugal and • Centrifuges
• Pump • Crushing volumetric pumps volumetric pumps • Conveyors
• Mills • Compressors • Compressors • Hoisting
• Special cranes • Fans • Fans • Mills
• Oil and fuel pumps • Oil and fuel pumps • Mixers
• Slurry pumps
Motor Management functions
• Advanced motor • Advanced motor control • Motor control for • Motor control for • Advanced motor control
control law for asynchronous, asynchronous and asynchronous and for asynchronous,
• Smart services features: synchronous, and synchronous motors synchronous motors synchronous, and
power measurement, Web special motors • Open loop control • Open loop control special motors
server, dynamic QR code • Full digital Master/Slave: • No braking or 4Q • Motor braking features • Open and closed loop
• Advanced features MultiDrive Link • Intelligent services • Intelligent services control
for single pump and • Smart integration in features: power features: power • Braking functionality
multipump systems PlantStruxure and Foxboro measurement, Web server, measurement, Web server, • Intelligent services
management Evo process automation dynamic QR code dynamic QR code features: power
• Advanced features systems • Multi-pulse solutions • Low harmonic drive measurement, Web server,
for power consumption • Intelligent services (for THDi <5%) dynamic QR code
and pumping system features: power • Embedded dual Ethernet
monitoring measurement, Web server, • Multi-pulse solutions
dynamic QR code
Motor Management benefits
• Longer system lifetime • Excellent motor • Fully customizable • Ready-to-use and • Fully customizable
thanks to pump protection performance on any type drive systems fully customizable drive systems
and monitoring features of motor • Ready-to-use drive systems • Ready-to-use
• Optimization of pumping • Total control of any kind drive systems • New Low Harmonic drive systems
system operating point of coupling in master/slave • Tested at full load system concept based on • Tested at full load
• Designed for harsh applications • Designed for harsh unique 3-level technology • Designed for harsh
environments (IEC/ • Designed for harsh environments with high • Improved life-time of environments with high
EN60721 3C3-3S3, and environments (IEC/ level of conformal coating the motor due to reduced level of conformal coating
high temperature range) EN60721 3C3-3S3, and of printed boards and high voltage load of printed boards and high
• Up to 60% energy high temperature range) temperature range • Less heat losses temperature range
savings at standby due • Up to 60% energy • Up to 60% energy compared to the classic • Up to 60% energy
to the innovative "Stop savings at standby due savings at standby with AFE architecture savings at standby with
& Go" operation without to the innovative "Stop "Stop & Go" without • Up to 60% energy "Stop & Go" without
additional costs & Go" operation without additional costs savings at standby additional costs
additional costs
PM105269
PM105270
PM105270
PM105271
ATV980 regenerative drive ATV990 MultiDrive ATV61 Plus drives for ATV61 Plus-Marine drives ATV71 Plus drives for
systems systems variable torque for variable torque heavy duty industry
Main standards and certifications
EN/IEC, UL, IEEE 519 EN/IEC EN/IEC, UL, ATEX, DNV, BV, CCS, LR, EN/IEC, UL, ATEX,
IEEE 519 IEEE 519 IEEE 519
Motor voltage range
380…480 V 380…480 V 380…690 V 380…690 V 380…690 V
Motor applications
• Artificial lift • Industrial cranes for • Archimedes screws • HVAC applications • Artificial lift
• Centrifuges heavy loads • Centrifugal and • Propulsion • Centrifuges
• Conveyors • Harbor cranes volumetric pumps • Seawater and mud • Conveyors
• Crushers, slurry pumps • Overhead travelling and • Compressors pumps • Crushers, slurry pumps
• Hoisting gantry cranes • Fans • Thrusters (azimuth, • Hoisting
• Mills • Tunnel boring machines • Oil and fuel pumps tunnel, and jet thrusters) • Mills
• Mixers • Mixers
Motor Management functions
• Advanced motor control • MultiDrive with DC or • Motor control for • Motor control for • Motor control for
for asynchronous, AC bus asynchronous and asynchronous and asynchronous and
synchronous, and • Motor control for synchronous motors synchronous motors synchronous motors
special motors asynchronous, • Open loop control • Open loop control • Open and closed loop
• Highly efficient power synchronous, and • No braking or 4Q • No braking or 4Q control
regeneration special motors • Low harmonic variant • Low harmonic variant for • Braking and 4Q
• Open and closed • Highly efficient power for THDi <5% THDi <5% applications
loop control regeneration • Multi-pulse solutions • Multi-pulse solutions • Multi-pulse solutions
• Braking and 4Q • Open and closed loop
applications control
• Intelligent services • Braking and 4Q
features: Web servers, applications
dynamic QR code • Embedded dual Ethernet
• Embedded dual Ethernet
Motor Management benefits
• Ready-to-use and • Fully customizable • Preconfigured, ready-to- • Preconfigured, ready-to- • Preconfigured, ready-to-
fully customizable drive systems use drive systems use drive systems for on- use drive systems
drive systems • MultiDrive offer with • Tested at full load and off-shore applications • Tested at full load
• New low harmonic common DC or AC bus operating conditions • Tested at full load operating conditions
system concept based on • Ready-to-use drive • Operation in harsh operating conditions • Operation in harsh
unique 3-level technology systems environments IP55 • Operation in harsh environments IP55
• Improved lifetime of the • Tested at full load • Fully customizable environments IP55 • Fully customizable
motor due to reduced • Pre-set appropriate to drive systems • Fully customizable drive systems
voltage load the design • Designed for harsh drive systems • Designed for harsh
• Less heat loss compared • Energy savings by environments (water- • Designed for harsh environments (water-
to the classic AFE highly efficient power cooled) environments (water- cooled)
architecture regeneration cooled)
• Up to 60% energy • Designed for harsh
savings at standby environments
PM105334
PM105260
PM105259
PM105272
PM105271
ATV71 Plus-Marine drives LV motor control center LV motor control center Distribution and motor Medium voltage variable
for heavy duty industry control switchboard speed drive
Main standards and certifications
DNV, BV, CCS, LR, IEC IEC, DNV, RINA, BV, Shell NEMA, CSA, UL, ABS EN/IEC, IEEE, GOST
IEEE 519 DEP, EAC (GOST), CCC
Motor voltage range
380…690 V Up to 690 V 380…690 V 208…600 V 2.4…11 kV
Motor applications
• Hoist applications • Centrifugal pump • Centrifugal pump • Compressor • 2Q applications
(winches, cranes) • Compressor • Compressor • Fan • Ball mills
• HVAC applications • Fan • Fan • Pump • Compressor
• Propulsion, thrusters • Volumetric pump • Volumetric pump • Conveyors: uphill and flat
• Seawater and mud pumps • Crusher
• Top drive, rotary table • Fans
• Pump
Motor Management functions
• Motor control for • LV distribution and • LV distribution and • LV distribution and • Motor control for
asynchronous and motor control switchboard motor control switchboard motor control center asynchronous and
synchronous motors integrating VSD integrating VSD integrating VSD synchronous motors
• Open and closed • Motor control for • Motor control for • Motor control for • Multi-level topology
loop control asynchronous and asynchronous and asynchronous and featuring a 18-54 pulse
• Braking and 4Q synchronous motors synchronous motors synchronous motors diode rectifier and a low-
applications • Mixed feeders (power • Mixed feeders (power • Mixed feeders (power voltage IGBT (THDi<3%)
• Multi-pulse solutions distribution/motor control, distribution/motor control, distribution/motor control) • Large 10’’ touch screen
fixed/withdrawable fixed/withdrawable • Fixed functional units multi-language HMI
functional units) functional units) • Soft start function
(including synchronization
and bypass)
• Multi-motor control
• Master-slave and
droop control
Motor Management benefits
• Preconfigured, ready-to- • IAC 85 kA/0.4 s, • IAC 100 kA/0.5 s, • IAC 100 kA/0.4 s, • Reduced energy
use drive systems for on- seismic 2G seismic 2.7G seismic qualified consumption, lower
and off-shore applications • Ethernet IP embedded • Ethernet IP embedded • Ethernet IP embedded maintenance costs
• Tested at full load • dv/dt harmonic filters • dv/dt harmonic filters • I/O harmonic filters • Complete range of
operating conditions embedded embedded embedded services, optimized return
• Operation in harsh • Flexible and • Flexible and • Flexible and on investment
environments IP55 simple keypad simple keypad simple keypad • Open to most networks
• Fully customizable • TVDA on the • TVDA on the • TVDA on the and easy to integrate into
drive systems recommended recommended recommended any MV or LV architecture
• Designed for harsh communication communication communication • All-in-one cabinet for
environments architecture architecture architecture reduced installation costs
(water-cooled) and quick commissioning
• Adapted to retrofit
integration for DOL-
operated motors
Harmonic mitigation 31
PM105277
PM105282
PM105278
PM105276
PM105275
LV capacitor banks LV capacitor banks for Standard automatic power Automatic anti-resonant LV active harmonic filters
for smart power factor polluted networks factor correction banks power factor capacitor
correction banks
Main standards and certifications
IEC, CSA, UL IEC, CSA, UL NEMA, CSA, UL NEMA, CSA, UL IEC, UL, cUL, ABS, C-Tick,
CE
Motor voltage range
230…690 V (50 Hz) 230…690 V (50 Hz) 240…600 V (60 Hz) 208…600 V (60 Hz) 380…690 V
240…600 V (60 Hz) 240…600 V (60 Hz)
Power range
6…1,150 kvar 6…1,150 kvar 50…1,000 kvar 50…1,500 kvar 50…250 kvar @ 480 V
(60…300 A)
Application segments
PM105284
PM105286
PM105285
PM105278
PM105287
LV harmonic filtering and Ground-mounted Cast resin dry-type Medium power transformer Oil-type transformer for
power factor correction distribution transformer transformer (including (MPT) explosive atmosphere
12-pulse and step-up)
Main standards and certifications
NEMA IEC, ANSI, ABS, BS, AU IEC, ANSI, ABS, BS, AU, IEC, ANSI, ABS, BS, AU IEC, ANSI, ABS, BS, AU,
GOST DNV, BV, LR
Motor voltage range
208…600 V (60 Hz) Primary: up to 52 kV Primary: up to 40.5 kV Primary: up to 170 kV Primary: LV up to 36 kV
Secondary: up to 36 kV Secondary: up to 36 kV Secondary: up to 36 kV Secondary: up to 36 kV
Power range
50…1,500 kvar Up to 3.15 MVA Up to 15 MVA Up to 100 MVA Up to 60 MVA
Application segments
Ne
offe w
r!
PM105288
PM105289
Application segments
Protection relays 36
PM105294
PM105295
PM105292
PM105293
PM105291
Intelligent Motor Protection relays for Protection relays for Intelligent motor controller Motor and overcurrent
Management system demanding applications complex applications and protection relays protection relays
Main standards and certifications
IEC/EN, UL, CSA, DNV, IEC, UL, CSA, EAC IEC, UL, CSA, IACS, EAC IEC, UL, CSA, ANSI IEC, UL, CSA, ANSI
ATEX (GOST), ANSI (GOST), ANSI
Motor voltage range
Low voltage Medium voltage Medium voltage Medium voltage Medium voltage
Motor power range
4…560 kW 200…750 kW > 500 kW 200…750 kW 200…750 kW
Application segments
PM105300
PM105299
PM105296
PM105302
PM105301
Rotating machine and Contactors for motor Bar contactors for motor LV power distribution and LV power distribution and
motor protection relays control control motor control motor control
Main standards and certifications
IEC, UL, CSA, ANSI IEC, CCC, CB, UL,CSA, IEC, CSA, EAC (GOST) IEC IEC, DNV, GL, RINA, BV,
DNV CCS, ABS
Motor voltage range
Medium voltage 220…1,000 V 220…1,000 V 380…690 V 440 or 690 V
Motor power range
> 500 kW < 670 kW @ 440 V < 900 kW @ 690 V ≤ 250 kW ≤ 250 kW
< 450 kW @ 1,000 V < 750 kW @ 1,000 V
Application segments
PM105334
PM105304
PM105305
PM105303
LV power distribution and Distribution and motor MV primary distribution MV primary distribution MV primary distribution
motor control control switchboard switchboard switchboard switchboard
PM105308
PM105307
PM105309
PM105310
MV motor control center MV motor control center Full voltage motor starter Full voltage motor starter Full voltage motor starter
with integrated power
factor correction
Main standards and certifications
IEC, EAC (GOST), Marine IEC, BV IEC, NEMA, UL, DNV NEMA, UL IEC, NEMA, UL, DNV
(BV)
Motor voltage range
6.9…12 kV 2.2…7.2 kV 2.2…7.2 kV 2.2…7.2 kV 2.2…7.2 kV
Motor power range
100…2,300 kW 100…4,200 kW 100…4,200 kW 100…6,800 kW 100…4,200 kW
Application segments
PM105311
Application segments
Portfolio management 44
Operation performance 44
PM105331
PM105316
PM105315
PM105314
Maintenance response Remote monitoring and Distributed control Process automation Energy management &
center control (telemetry) system (DCS) for hybrid system for medium to large control system
applications scale process applications
Main standards and certifications
N/A IEC, CSA, UL, ATEX IEC/EN, CE, CSA, EAC, IEC/EN, CE, CSA, UL, FM IEC/EN, CE, CSA, UL
GL
Application segments
PM105296
PM105323
PM105328
PM105293
PM105320
Please contact your
Schneider Electric
Customer Care Center
Predictive analytics Motor management system Protection relays for Comprehensive protection Asset management device for
industrial applications relays medium criticality machines
(motor protection) or remote machines
Main standards and certifications
N/A IEC/EN, UL, CSA, DNV, IEC, UL, IEEE IEC, UL, IEEE IEC
ATEX
Application segments
PM105322
PM105318
PM105319
PM105317
Basic power meter Basic power meter Advanced power quality Wireless vibration
meter monitoring
2-speed motors
• The motor power is supplied through the autotransformer
Asynchronous motors can be built for 2 different speeds. under a reduced voltage compared to that of the network.
This can be by means of a Dahlander arrangement, with a The starting current and torque, as well as mechanical
common point in the winding, where the ratio between the 2 stress, are greatly reduced compared to a DOL start.
speeds is always 2. Another method is to use 2 independent
• After a predefined time, the start point of the
windings per phase allowing any speed. In both cases one
autotransformer is opened, changing it into a series
speed or the other is selected by changing the wiring of the
inductance, supplying the motor with a voltage value
windings. This will change the number of pole pairs.
between the autotransformer and the network voltage.
This step provides a higher current and torque allowing
4 quadrants (4Q) the motor to continue to accelerate.
• Finally, the motor is connected directly to the line for the
In motor control solutions using variable speed drives,
end of the start and continuous operation.
4 quadrant refers to the capability of the drive to reverse
the power flow, for example, for cranes, or downhill
conveyors, where the load will temporarily transform Capacitor banks
the motor into a generator.
Power factor correction is important for the correct sizing
of electrical network components (transformer, cables, etc.)
Advanced control and to avoid penalties on the energy bill. This correction
is often achieved by connecting capacitors as a source of
A means of control where there is a possibility of gradual
reactive energy. When the necessary reactive power is high
starting/stopping and/or control of the speed.
and the network load is varying, it is necessary to arrange
the capacitors in several banks that will be connected
Asset condition assessment sequentially to provide only the required amount of
compensation (automatic compensation).
The assessment consists in providing condition status, alarm,
and diagnostic information for a particular asset, motor,
generator, transformer, etc. Capital expenditure (CapEx)/Operational
expenditure (OpEx)
Autotransformer • Capital expenditure encompasses all the expenses linked
to the installation of an asset.
In a motor management context, an autotransformer is a
power component used to transform the voltage applied to its • Operational expenditure covers all the expenses linked to
primary side into a lower voltage, with a common connection the operation of an asset. It represents 90% of the total
between the primary and the secondary. It does not provide cost of a motor.
any galvanic isolation between the primary and secondary.
Control systems
Autotransformer starters
Device or set of devices, including software programs, used
This type of motor starter uses an autotransformer in order to for controlling the industrial process or machines.
start a motor in 3 steps:
Drive systems
Drive systems are customized variable speed drive (VSD) LSC1/LSC2A/LSC2B(-PI/-PM)
solutions, fully tested and ready to connect to the electrical Introduced in 2003 by the standard IEC 62271-200, this
network and industrial process. defines the loss of service continuity level of a switchboard
when opening compartments (other than busbar, in single
busbar designs) as follows:
Energy management and control system • LSC1: Other functional units or some of them shall be
(EMCS) disconnected
Energy management and control systems are used for • LSC2A: All other functional units can be energized
controlling energy-consuming devices in order to minimize • LSC2B: All other functional units and all cable
energy demand and consumption. compartments can be energized:
–– PI (Isolated Partition): with one or more non-metallic
partitions and/or shutters
Fast device replacement (FDR)
–– PM (Metallic Partition): with metallic partitions and/or
The capability to replace a configured device with a new shutters that are intended to be grounded
one while keeping time and effort at a minimum in order
to optimize system availability. The new device boots, is
configured with the same parameters as the original device,
then switches to operating mode.
Synchronous/Asynchronous machine
Variable speed drive (VSD)/Variable frequency
In a rotating machine, there is one static part, typically
called the stator, and another rotating part, called the rotor. drive (VFD)
• In synchronous machines, the rotation speed is equal to • VSDs are electronic power systems used to adapt the
the speed of the magnetic flux in the stator (i.e. they are speed of an electric motor.
synchronized) and to achieve this the rotor is also supplied • VFDs are dedicated to AC induction and synchronous
with energy through a dedicated system. motors where the speed is modified through the change
• In asynchronous machines, the rotor is not supplied with of the applied frequency.
power; it rotates at a speed close to but not equal to the
speed of the magnetic flux, and the difference in the
speeds is used to provide the energy necessary to make
the rotor spin.
Transformers
In a motor management context, a transformer is a power
component used to transform the voltage applied to its
primary side into another voltage, providing a galvanic
isolation between them. It can be either step-down, where
the secondary voltage is lower than the primary, or step-up,
where the opposite is true.
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April 2017
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