HydraulicshistoryModern Era

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Modern era (c.

1600 – 1870)[edit]
Benedetto Castelli[edit]
In 1619 Benedetto Castelli, a student of Galileo Galilei, published the book Della Misura dell'Acque
Correnti or "On the Measurement of Running Waters", one of the foundations of modern
hydrodynamics. He served as a chief consultant to the Pope on hydraulic projects, i.e., management of
rivers in the Papal States, beginning in 1626.[30]

Blaise Pascal[edit]
Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) studied fluid hydrodynamics and hydrostatics, centered on the principles of
hydraulic fluids. His discovery on the theory behind hydraulics led to the invention of the hydraulic
press by Joseph Bramah, which multiplied a smaller force acting on a smaller area into the application
of a larger force totaled over a larger area, transmitted through the same pressure (or same change of
pressure) at both locations. Pascal's law or principle states that for an incompressible fluid at rest, the
difference in pressure is proportional to the difference in height and this difference remains the same
whether or not the overall pressure of the fluid is changed by applying an external force. This implies
that by increasing the pressure at any point in a confined fluid, there is an equal increase at every other
point in the container, i.e., any change in pressure applied at any point of the fluid is transmitted
undiminished throughout the fluids.

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