ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER PRELIMS

Art • Artists use their imagination that gives birth to

- is a product of man’s creativity. reality through creation.
- An artist invents his own forms and patterns IMAGINATION AS A PRODUCT OF ART
due to what he perceives as beautiful and - Art also inspires imagination.
incorporates them in creating his masterpiece. - Creative pieces were made not only because
Nature they were functional to men, but also because
- is not considered as a form of art. beauty gave them joy
- Sketches or photographs of nature are not a
form of art either, instead are recordings of ART APPRECIATION: EXPRESSION
beauty in nature Art as Expression
- An emotion will remain unknown to a man until
ART APPRECIATION AS A WAY OF LIFE he expresses it.
Jean-Paul Sartre (French Philosopher in the 20 th century) - Robin George Collingwood, an English
– Art as a creative work that depicts the philosopher who is best known for his work in
world in a different perspective and aesthetics explicated in his publication The
source of human freedom. (Greene, Principle of Art (1938) that what an artist does
1995) to an emotion is not to include it, but express it.
– Each artwork beholds beauty of its own Visual Arts
kind, the kind that the artist sees and - Kind of art form that the population is most
wants the viewers to perceive. likely more exposed to, but its variations are so
– refining one's ability to appreciate art diverse — they range from sculptures that you
allows him to deeply understand the see in art galleries.
purpose of an artwork and recognize - Some mediums of visual arts include paintings,
the beauty it possesses. (Collins & Riley, drawings, lettering, printing, sculptures, digital
1931) imaging, and more
– Exercise and develop his taste for things Film
that are fine and beautiful - Refers to the art of putting together successions
– Make intelligent choices and decisions of still images in order to create an illusion
in acquiring necessities and luxuries movement
– Learning to appreciate art, no matter Performance art
what vocation or profession you have, - Is a live art and the artist medium is mainly the
will lead to a fuller and more human body which he or she used to perform
meaningful life (Collins & Riley, 1931). but also employs other kind of art such as visual
art, props, or sound
ART APPRECIATION: CREATIVITY Poetry Performance
The Role of Creativity in Art Making - Is an art where the artist expresses his emotions
- Creativity requires thinking outside the box. not by using paint, charcoal, or camera but
- Creativity is what sets apart one artwork from expresses them through words.
another. Architecture
- He embraces originality, puts his own flavor into - Making of beautiful buildings
his work, and calls it his own creative piece - Some buildings only embody the functionality,
but the structure, lines, forms, and colors are
ART APPRECIATION: IMAGINATION not beautifully expressed.
Art as a product of Imagination - Buildings should embody these three important
Albert Einstein (German physicist) elements—plan, construction, and design.
– knowledge is derived from imagination.
– "Imagination is more important than Literary Art
knowledge. For knowledge is limited to - Uses words to express themselves and
all we now know and understand, while communicate emotions to the readers.
imagination embraces the entire world, - Literary art goes beyond the usual professional,
and all there ever will be to know and academic, journalistic, and other technical
understand. “ forms of writing. It focuses on writing using a
• Crafting of something bold, something new, and unique style, not following a specific format or
something better in the hopes of creating norm.
something that will stimulate change. - novels, biographies, and poems
• An artwork does not need to be a real thing, but Theater
can be imaginary (Collingwood, 1938). - Uses live performers to present accounts or
imaginary events before a live audience.
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- Follows a script, considers several elements CURVED LINES
such as acting, gesture, lighting, sound effects, - These are lines that bend or coil. They allude to
musical score, scenery, and props. softness, grace, flexibility, or even sensuality.
- Participation of the viewer is an important
element in theater arts. PORQUE ESCONDERLOS
Applied arts - Created by Francisco de Goya
- Incorporating elements of style and design to THE RAFT OF MEDUSA
everyday items with the aim of increasing their - Created by Theodore Gericault
aesthetical value.
- Industrial design, interior design, fashion SHAPE AND FORM
design, and graphic design are considered - These two are related to each other in the
applied arts. sense that they define the space occupied of
- Artists can combine functionality and style. art. Shape refers to two dimensions: height and
width, while form refers to three dimensions:
ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART height, width, and depth.
ELEMENTS OF ART GEOMETRIC
- These shapes find origin in mathematical
VISUAL propositions. As such, its translation and use are
- Elements of art are akin to the atoms that are often man-made. These shapes such as squares,
defined as the units or “building blocks of triangles, cubes, circles, spheres, cones, among
matter others.
AUDITORY
- Together with literature, music as an art form is COMPOSITION WITH COLOR PLANES AND GRAY LINES
classified as auditory art. Either way, music, - Created by Piet Mondrian
much like the visual arts, has its own building
blocks or elements. ORGANIC
- Organic shapes are those readily occurring in
ELEMENTS OF ART; VISUAL nature, often irregular and asymmetrical.
LINE
- A line refers to a point moving an identifiable THE MADONNA OF THE MEADOWS
path– it has length and direction. It is one - Created by Raphael
dimensional, however it has the capacity to
either define perimeters of the artwork (edges) SPACE
become a substantial component of the - Related to shape and form is space. It is usually
composition. inferred from a sense of depth, whether it is
- HORIZONTAL and VERTICAL LINES- refers to the real or simulated. Real space is three-
orientation of the line. Horizontal lines are dimensional. Like what has been previously
normally associated with rest or calm. mentioned, sculptures are perfect examples of
Landscapes often contain these elements as artworks that bear this element. However, this
works like these connote a visual sense of being can be manifested in two-dimensional artworks
parallel to the ground. Vertical lines on the through the use of different techniques, or the
other hand, connote elevation or height, which use of area around a drawing or picture
taken to mean exaltation or aspiration for
action. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SPACE
- Usually identified with the white space is
KEITH HARING negative space. The positive space, on the other
- The creator of “TODOS JUNTOS PODEMOS hand, is the space where shadow is heavily
PARAR EL SIDA” which means TOGETHER WE used,
CAN STOP AIDS
THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE
DIAGONAL AND CROOKED LINES
- Diagonal lines convey movement and instability, - Can be simulated through a variety of
although the progression can be seen. Crooked techniques such as shading. An illusion of three-
or jagged lines, on the other hand, are dimensionality can be achieved in two-
reminiscent of violence, conflict or struggle. dimensional work.
COLOR
- Color is perhaps one of the elements that
enhances the appeal of an artwork. Its effect
ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER PRELIMS
has range, allowing the viewer to make TEXTURES IN THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL PLANE
responses based on memory, emotion, and - Texture can be implied using one techniques or
intrinsic among others. The element is a a combination of other elements of arts. By
property of light, as it is reflected off the object. creating the visual quality in the artwork, one
HUE can imagine how the surface will have if it was
- this dimension of color gives its name. It can be to be touched.
subdivided into: - Surface Texture
o Primary colors- red, yellow, and blue o Refers to the texture of the three-
o Secondary colors- green, orange and dimensional art object
violet PLANES AND PERSPECTIVE
o Tertiary colors- six in total, these hues - PICTURE PLANE is the actual surface of the
are achieved when primary and painting or drawing, where no illusion of a third
secondary colors are mixed dimension exists. Here, the elements lay flat, as
VALUE if one was looking through a window into what
- This refers to the brightness or darkness of lies on the side of glass.
color. Often, used by artist to create illusion of - LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
depth and solidity, a particular mood, o As forms and objects recede, the
communicate a feeling, or in establishing a smaller they become.
scene. (e.g., day and night). o We were taught that parallel lines never
o Light colors- taken as the source of light meet. However, when they, too seem
in the composition to converge when they recede into a
o Dark colors- the lack or even the distance, at a point, they both
absence of light disappear. This point of disappearance
o Tint- this is a lighter color than the is called the vanishing point.
normal value
o Shade- this is a darker color than the
normal value THREE TYPES OF PERSPECTIVE
INTENSITY
- This is the color’s brightness or dullness. It is ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE
identified as the strength of color, whether it is - Often used in depicting roads, tracks, hallways,
vivid or muted. To achieve a specific intensity of or rows of trees; this type of perspective shows
a color, one may add either gray or its parallel lines that seem to converge at a specific
complementary color. and lone vanishing point, along the horizon line.
o Bright or warm colors- positive energy
o Dull or cool colors- sedate/ soothing, TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE
serious or calm. - Pertains to a painting or drawing that makes
use of two-vanishing points, which can be
MONOCHROMATIC HARMONIES placed anywhere along the horizon line. It is
- Use the variations of a hue. often used in depicting structures such as
houses or buildings in the landscape that are
COMPLEMENTARY HARMONIES viewed from a specific corner.
- Involve two colors opposite each other in the
color wheel. Since they are at contrary THREE-POINT PERSPECTIVE
positions, the reaction is most intense. - In this type of perspective, the viewer is looking
at a scene from above or below. As the name
ANALOGOUS HARMONIES suggest, it makes use of the three-vanishing
- Make use of two colors beside each other in point, each corresponding to each axis of the
color wheel scene.

TEXTURE ELEMENTS OF ART; AUDITORY

- Like space, texture can be either real or implied.
This element in an artwork is experienced RHYTHM
through the sense of touch (and sight). This - Often associated to the term beat, meter, and
element renders the art object tactile. tempo, rhythm is the element of music that
situates it in time. It is the pulse of the music.
“Margherita Gonzaga, Princess of Mantua” Beat is the basic unit of music while tempo
- Created by Frans Pourbus the Younger refers to its speed. Beats can be organized into
ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER PRELIMS
a recognizable recurrent pattern, which is called
the meter. PRINCIPLES OF ART;
o Largo- slowly and broadly BALANCE
o Andante- Walking pace - This principle refers to the distribution of the
o Moderato- at moderate speed visual elements in view of their placement in
o Allegro- fast relation to each other.
o Vivace- lively SYMMETRICAL
o Accelerando- gradually speeding up - The elements used on one side are reflected to
o Rallentado- gradually slowing down the others. This offers the most stable visual
o Allargando- getting slower, broadening sense to any artwork.
o Rubato- literally “robbed time”, rhythm ASYMMETRICAL
is played freely for expressive effect. - The elements are not the same (or of the same
DYNAMICS weight) on each side, putting the heaviness on
- The element of music that refers to the one side
loudness or quietness of music is dynamics. RADIAL
Classical terms are used to refer to the different - There is a central point in the composition,
levels pertaining to this: around which elements and objects are
o Pianissimo (pp)- very quite distributed
SCALE AND PROPORTION
o Piano (p)- quite
- Scale pertains to the size in relation to what is
o Mezzo-piano (mp)- moderately quite
normal for the figure or object in question.
o Mezzo- forta (mf)- moderately loud
PORPORTION
o Forte (f)- loud
- Is the size of the components, or of objects in
o Fortissimo (ff)- very loud
relation to one another when taken as a
MELODY
composition or a unit. This can also refer to
- Melody refers to the linear presentation
values such as amounts or number of elements
(horizontal) pitch. By horizontal, it means that
or objects in the composition.
in musical notation, it is read in succession form
Proportions can be:
left to right. Pitch is the highness or lowness of
- Natural- relates to the realistic size of visual
musical sound.
elements in the artwork, especially for
figurative artworks. When it is the accuracy in
HARMONY
relation to the real world that the artist is after,
- If melody is horizontal, harmony is vertical. It
this is now referred to as the principle of scale.
arises when pitches are combined to form
- Exaggerated- refers to the unusual size of
chords. When several notes are simultaneously
relations of visual elements, deliberately
played, this refer to a chord.
exaggerating the immensity or minuteness of an
- Harmony can be described in terms of its
object
‘harshness”: dissonance is the harsh- sounding
- Idealized- most common to those that follow
combination while consonance is the smooth-
canons of perfection, the sized-relations of
sounding combination.
elements or objects, which achieve the most
ideal size-relations
TIMBRE
EMPHASIS AND CONTRAST
- Timbre is often likened to the color of music. It
- EMPHASIS allows the attention of the viewer to
is a quality that distinguishes a voice or an
a focal point accentuating or drawing attention
instrument form another. Dependent on the
to these elements or through the assistance of
technique, the timbre may give a certain tone
other principles, especially that of contrast.
of impressions onto the canvas.
- CONTRAST is the disparity between the
elements that figure into the composition. One
TEXTURE
object may be made stronger compared to
- The number of melodies, the type of layers, and
other objects (hence, emphasis). This can be
their relatedness in a composition is the texture
done in many ways using the elements of art.
of music. It may be:
UNITY AND VARIETY
o Monophonic- single melodic line
- Unless intended to be otherwise, compositions
o Polyphonic- two or more melodic lines are intended to imbue a sense of accord or
o Homophonic- main melody completeness from the artwork. This is unity.
accompanied by chords - Variety, on the other hand, is the principle that
aims to retain the interest by allowing patches
ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER PRELIMS
or areas that both excite and allow the eye to - The function of an object is generally
rest determined in the basic form that it takes.
HARMONY Example: bag, plate, bottle, etc.
- Like what is hinted above, unity and variety is ARCHITECTURE
related to the principle of harmony, in which o The design of the building is determined
the elements or objects achieve a sense of flow primarily by its operational function.
and interconnectedness What is the building for? Who are going
MOVEMENT to use it? How many are they?
- This refers to the direction of the viewing eye as RELIGIOUS FUNCTIONS OF ART
it goes through the artwork, often guided or - Fundamental function of most religious art is as
elements that are emphasized. These focal religious pedagogy to illustrate bodily postures
points can be lines, edges, shape and color and gestures or a story or dogma of a religious
within the work of art among others. tradition, as do visual symbols and
RHYTHM representational imagery. Example: music and
- This created when an element is repeated, sculpture
creating implied movement. Variety of AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS OF ART
repetition helps invigorate rhythm as depicted - Any artwork means beauty. It is visual spice for
in the artwork gracefully adorned interiors and can bring out
REPETITION AND PATTERN the most elegant features of different decor
- Lines, shapes, colors, and other elements may elements. It reasonably reproduced visual
appear in an artwork in a recurring manner. images which communicate through fantastic
This is called repetition. In addition, the image persuasions and meaningful words.
created out of repetition is called pattern. With
repetition, there is a sense of predictability that
is conveyed, which in turn imbues the feelings SUBJECT, CONTENT, TECHNIQUE, AND MEDIUM IN
of security and calmness. ART:
DAVID BAILLY
FUNCTION OF ARTS: - Painted the “Selbsrbilnis mit Vanitassymbolen”
PERSONAL, SOCIAL, HISTORICAL, PHYSICAL, (Self-portrait with Vanitas Symbols).
RELIGIOUS, AND AESTHETICS
FUNCTIONS AND PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON TYPES OF SUBJECT:
ART REPRESENTATIONAL ART
Greek Philosopher Aristotle - often know as figurative art. This type of art has
- claimed that particular substance in the world subjects that refer to objects or events
had an end, or telos in Greek, which translates occurring in the real world.
into purpose. This telos, according to Aristotle, NON – REPRESENTATIONAL
is intricately linked with function. For a thing to - often termed as non – figurative art, these
reach its purpose it also has to fulfill its type of art does not make a reference to the
function. real world, whether it is a person, place, thing,
PERSONAL FUNCTIONS OF ART or even a particular event. It is stripped down to
- Arts are vehicles for the artists’ expression of visual elements such as shape, lines, and colors
their feelings and ideas . The arts also serve as that translate a particular feeling, emotion, and
means of expression for us. even concept.
- An art may also be therapeutic. In some ABSTRACT ART
orphanages and home for abandoned elders, - Abstract is in itself a departure from reality, but
art is used to help residents process their the extent of that departure determine whether
emotions. it has reached the end of the spectrum.
SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF ART
- It seeks or tends to influence the collective SOURCES AND KINDS OF SUBJECT:
behavior of a people. For non-representation art, a higher level of
- It is created to be seen or used primarily in perceptiveness and insight might be required to fully
public situations. grasp the feeling, emotion, or concept behind the work.
- It expresses or describes social or collective It is perhaps easier to infer where the subject matter
aspects of existence as opposed to individual comes from if the artwork is an example of
and personal kinds of experiences. representational art. From the figure(s) depicted in the
PHYSICAL FUNCTIONS OF ART artwork, there is already a suggestion as to its
inspiration.
ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER PRELIMS
However, in discussing the sources and kinds of subject of NationaI Artists) and Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
in artworks, it is important to note that these two are (National Living Treasures Award).
often inextricably related. Often, even a singular source The order is jointly administered by the National
of inspiration can yield multiple translations. A good Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the
starting point is, of course, the nature. Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and conferred
There is nothing more rudimentary than human by the President of the Philippines upon
interaction with the physical world around the artist. recommendation by both institutions' (NCCA, 2015).
Early childhood often revolves around getting to know The very first recipient of this award was painter
not just the body and what it can do, but also in getting Fernando Amorsolo, who was touted as the "Grand Old
accustomed to a multitude of sensory prompts around Man of Philippine Art.” He was the sole awardee in the
the artist especially those situated in his environment. year 1972, a National Artist for Visual Arts.
At present, there are 66 awardees of this prestigious
Artists throughout history have explored diverse ways honor across different an forms Some of them were
of representing nature: from plants to animals: the given the award posthumously, while others were
qualities of bodies of water and the terrain of fortunate enough to receive the award themselves.
landmasses; and even the perceivable cycles and The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or the National
changing of seasons. Often, these depictions are seen as Living Treasures Award was created in 1992 under the
expressions of the sacred or the profane, sired by reality Republic Act No. 7355. Also under the jurisdiction of the
or supplemented by the artist's imagination. National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA).
One artist who was attuned with nature was VINCENT the NCCA (2015) "through the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng
VAN GOGH. He saw art and nature as inseparable. often Bayan Committee and an Ad Hoc Panel of Experts.
finding solace and happiness in painting in it (working in conducts the search for the finest traditional artists of
the middle of unspoiled fields) and painting from it the land, adopts a program that will ensure the transfer
(landscapes) In a letter to his brother Theo, he wrote of their skills to others and undertakes measures to
“...if I felt no love for nature and my work, then I would promote a genuine appreciation of and instill pride
be unhappy.” (Van Gogh Museum, 1882) among our people about the genius of the Manlilikha ng
Other artists with considerable number of landscapes Bayan."
are Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Paul Cezanne, and It was first conferred to three outstanding artists in
JMW Turner. In Philippines, National Artists for painting music and poetry back in 1993. They are Ginaw Bilog, a
Fernando Amorsolo, and Fabian de la Rosa gained master of the Ambahan poetry; Masino Intaray, a
prominence from their painted rural scenes such as master of various traditional musical instruments of the
women in the fields gathering harvest. Palawan.people; and Samaon Sulaiman, a master of the
Breaking nature into smaller parts is Jan Van Kessel the kutyapi and other instruments.
elder who did numerous still lives and small-scale,
highly detailed studies, and scientific illustrattions of
flower, insects, shells, fruits, garlands and bouquet.

MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE:

Medium is the mode of expression in which the
concept. idea or message is conveyed. It may be
concrete or tangible such as paintings, sculptures,
monuments, and structures: or it may be ephemeral or
something transient, such as a track (recording of
sound), a film, or a performance.

The technique of the artwork shows the level of

familiarity with the medium being manipulated. It
alludes to the necessity of additional tools or
implements (e.g.. hammer and chisel may come in
handy for sculptors), or consideration of time (e.g.,
behavior of different kinds of paint especially in drying
time requirements), and the specificity of the site of
creation (e.g., indoor or outdoor production
requirements).

AWARDS AND CITATIONS

The two major awards given to artists in the Philippines
are the Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining (Order