Python: Programming Language

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freedom of innovation
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Python Programming Language
11th February, 2006
Hyderabad, AP India
What is Python
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● Objectoriented
● Dynamic
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● Easy to learn syntax
● Highlevel data types
● Scripting language
● Embeddable in C/C++
Guido Von Rossum

Python vs Java (or C++)
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● No compilation
– Fast editbuilddebug cycle
● Dynamic Typing
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– No need to declare variables for use
● Easy Syntax
– No curly braces, no semicolons, no new ...
Python vs Java (or C++) ...
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● Embeddable
– Scripting support for your applications
● Interactive
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– Create, view, change objects at runtime
● 50% less code
– Compact and natural syntax
● 300% more productive
– Closer to the way you think
Hello World
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Java
public class HelloWorld
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
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System.out.println( "Hello World" );

}
}
Python
print 'Servus Austria'
Java + Swing
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Java public class HelloSwing extends JFrame

{
public HelloSwing( String title )
{
super( title );
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addWindowListener( new WindowAdapter() {

public void windowClosing( WindowEvent ev )
{
exit();
}
} );
JButton button = new JButton( "Servus Austria" );

button.setPreferredSize( new Dimension( 200, 50 ) );
button.addActionListener( new ActionListener() {
Java + Swing ...
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Java public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent ev )

{
exit();
}
} );
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getContentPane().add( button );
}
public void exit(){

System.exit( 0 );
}
public static void main( String args[] ){

HelloSwing frame = new HelloSwing( "Python" );
frame.pack();
frame.show();
}
}
Python + XUL
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Python import java.lang as lang
def exit( event ):

lang.System.exit(0)
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<window title="Python" onclosing="exit()">

<button label="Hello World"
style="width: 200; height: 50;"
onclick="exit()" />
</window>
Why Python ?
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● One language can not do it all
– Single purpose scripting languages on the rise
● XHTML
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● XUL (menus, toolbars, forms, grids, trees)
● SVG (charts, maps, logos ...)
● CSS (visual styling)
● Xpath (xml tree node addressing)
● SQL (data queries)
● XSLT (templates)
● Python/Scripting
Why Python ? ...
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● Objectoriented
– Ideal for scripting
– Ideal for creating gluing together components written in
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Java, C# or C++
– Easy reuse through classes, polymorphism, operator
overloading, multiple inheritance
● Portable
– Written in ANSI C
– Runs anywhere
– Python scripts run on any Python runtime
Why Python ? ...
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● Mixable
– Extend Python with Components written in C++, Java, C
– Embed python into your app and call it from C, C++
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– Python on windows supports COM
● Powerful
– Ease of use of scripting language
– Built in object types
– Extensive libraries
– Automatic memory management
– Modules, Classes and Exceptions
Why Python ? ...
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● Robust
– Exception Handling
– Automatic memory management (Garbage Collection)
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– Dynamic Type Checking
– No unsafe pointers
● Dynamic
– Late binding language
– Add methods at runtime
– Call methods using reflection
Python features not there in Java
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● syntactic sugar for lists
● syntactic sugar for maps/dictionaries
● raw strings
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● for loop shortcuts (=foreach)
● named method parameters
● string formatting shortcuts
List
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Java
List list = new LinkedList();
list.add( new Integer( 1 ) );
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Python
list = [1, 2]
list.append( 3 )
Maps
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Java
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put( "one", new Integer( 1 ) );
map.put( "two", new Integer( 2 ) );
map.put( "three", new Integer( 3 ) );
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System.out.println( map.get( "one" ) );
Python
map = { "one" : 1, "two" : 2, "three" : 3 }
print map[ "one" ]
Loops shortcut
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Java
double sum = 0.0;
for( Iterator it=nums.iterator(); it.hasNext() )
{
sum += ((Double)it.next()).doubleValue();
}
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Python
sum = 0.0
for x in nums:
sum = sum + x
Named Method Parameters
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Java
JFrame frame = new JFrame( "Servus" );
frame.setSize( new Dimension( 200, 200 ) );
frame.setVisible( true );
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Python
frame = JFrame( "Servus", visible=1, size=(200,200) )
String Formatting Shortcuts
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Java
double x = 10000.0 / 3.0;
NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();
nf.setMinimumFractionDigits( 2 );
nf.setMaximumFractionDigits( 2 );
String s = nf.format( x );
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for( int i = s.length(); i < 10; i++ )

System.out.print( ' ' );
System.out.print( s );
Python
x = 10000.0 / 3.0
print "%10.2f" % x
Raw strings
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Java Python
"\\$\\d+,\\d+\\." r'\$\d+,\d+\.'
"\\s((::)(\\w+))\\b" r'\s((::)(\w+))\b'
"c:\\sandbox\\doc\\talk" r'\s((::)(\w+))\b'
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"Christina says, \"Python”“ 'Christina says, "Python”'
In Python you can use triplequotes (""") strings
for multiline text snippets without escaping newlines or single or double quotes
Raw String Especially Useful for Regular Expressions (Regex)
Data types
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Java Python
● Boolean ● String
● Char ● Int
● Byte ● Long
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● Short ● Float
● Int ● complex
● Long
● Float
● double
Exception Handling
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Java Python
FileInputStream in = file = open( name )
new FileInputStream( new File( try:
name ) );
process_file( file )
try
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finally:
{
file.close()
process_file( in );
}
finally
{
in.close();
}
Python class
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Python lass DynProps: Dynamic Properties/Getters

def __init__( self, **args ):
self.props = args
def __getattr__( self, attribute ):

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return self.props[ attribute ]
capital = DynProps( austria="vienna", canada="ottawa" )
print capital.austria
capital.props[ "peru" ] = "lima"
print capital.peru
Embed Python in Java
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import org.python.util.PythonInterpreter;
import org.python.core.*;
public class SimpleEmbedded

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{
public static void main( String args[] ) throws PyException
{
// create a phyton interpreter
PythonInterpreter interp = new PythonInterpreter();
// execute a statement
interp.exec( "import sys" );
interp.exec( "print sys" );
Embed Python in Java ...
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// create a int variable n with the value 7

interp.set( "n", new PyInteger( 7 ));
// print value of n
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interp.exec( "print n" );
// assign value to new variable x

interp.exec( "x = 2+2" );
PyObject x= interp.get( "x" );
// print value of x
System.out.println( "x: " + x );
}
}
Python – C++ integration
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● Boost.Python Library
● Key goals of the library
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– Reference / Pointer Support
– Globally Registered Type Coercions Dave Abrahams
– Full Cross module Support
– Improve Overloading support
– C++ to Python Exception Translation
– Default Argument Support
– Generic C++ to Python Object Interface
Python – C++ integration ...
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● Key goals of the library
– Standard C++ algos to Python objects
– Python LONG support
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– Improved builtin Numeric Type Coercion
– Python Iterator support
– Automatic C++ object initialization
– DocString support
– C++ long long support
– Code Footprint Reduction
– Data memory Footprint Reduction
What is Python used for ?
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● System Utilities
– system admin tools, portable shell scripts
● Internet Scripting
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– CGI scripts, parse HTML, process XML, email tools
● User Interfaces (Uis) rapid prototyping
● Component Glue
– scripting for apps, COM scripting
● Distributed Programming
– COM, CORBA, XMLRPC
What is Python used for ? ...
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● Database Programming
– http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0249.html
● Image Processing
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– Python Image Library

http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
● OpenGL Programming, Writing Games
– PyOpenGL, py3d
● Artifical Intelligence
– http://www.strout.net/python/ai/
Python Resources
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● http://www.python.org/
● http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks
● Boost Python – C++ tutorial
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http://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/tutorial/doc/html/index.html
Special thanks
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AppLabs Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
Coordinating for TWINCLING Saturday Meet (TSM)
Providing LCD projector and Meeting space.
http://www.applabs.com/
About Us
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India's first, independent, "notforprofit",
OpenSource software development
& promotion society.
www.twincling.org
groups.yahoo.com/group/twincling

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Guido Von Rossum

System.out.println( "Hello World" );

Java public class HelloSwing extends JFrame

addWindowListener( new WindowAdapter() {

JButton button = new JButton( "Servus Austria" );

Java public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent ev )

public void exit(){

public static void main( String args[] ){

Python import java.lang as lang

def exit( event ):

<window title="Python" onclosing="exit()">

System.out.println( map.get( "one" ) );

for( int i = s.length(); i < 10; i++ )

Python lass DynProps: Dynamic Properties/Getters

def __getattr__( self, attribute ):

return self.props[ attribute ]

capital = DynProps( austria="vienna", canada="ottawa" )

public class SimpleEmbedded

// create a int variable n with the value 7

interp.exec( "print n" );

// assign value to new variable x

PyObject x= interp.get( "x" );

– Python Image Library

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def getattr( self, attribute ):