Commercial Engines: Special Report
Commercial Engines: Special Report
Commercial Engines: Special Report
commercial engines
2013
In association with
Sponsor Advert
LEAP year
We’re writing to confirm a date we made with our customers
in 2008. The first LEAP engine will begin testing this
autumn. Right on schedule. Just like our last 21 engines.
Adjust your calendars, we’ve made this a LEAP year.
Go to cfmaeroengines.com
CFM International is a 50/50 joint company between Snecma (Safran) and GE.
foreword
So far so good is probably the best way to summarise progress on engine for the A320neo family. The PW1100G – which has entered
key commercial engine programmes during the past 12 months. flight testing – was designed with a variable area fan nozzle, but
Prospects for the long-term profitability of many of the world’s P&W has decided this can be removed to “make the engine lighter
airlines rest on the ability of CFM International and Pratt & Whitney and less complex”.
to deliver the powerplants that should enable the next generation of
narrowbodies to provide a step-change improvement in operating In the widebody sector, the prototype Airbus A350 XWB had its Rolls-
economics. Royce Trent XWB engines installed and was expected to fly for the
first time by the end of June 2013. The recent grounding of the latest
Choosing the right engine may never have been more important – widebody twinjet to enter airline service - Boeing’s 787 - means the
or harder – than with the Airbus A320neo family. Unlike previous A350 will come under unprecedented public scrutiny when customer
engine competitions, the choice between the CFM Leap-1A and P&W deliveries get under way in 2014.
PurePower PW1100G is no longer a soft bet on a secondary supplier
to an already chosen airframe. Although the 787’s current woes are not powerplant-related, R-R is
well aware that as sole engine supplier to the A350 it has a critical
The A320neo is almost identical to the previous version of the aircraft role in ensuring the European-built widebody enjoys a relatively
except for the choice of engine to power it. The paths taken by both trouble-free commercial debut.
engine makers to achieve the 15% rise in fuel efficiency Airbus is
seeking for the A320neo, means airlines are not simply acquiring an The UK manufacturer is understandably endeavouring to leave no
engine but tacitly taking sides in an ongoing, furious debate about the stone unturned as it seeks to demonstrate the maturity and service-
future of gas turbine engine technology. ready credentials of the Trent XWB, its most advanced three-spool
large turbofan, which has notched up more than 1,200 sales before
Gone are the comparatively subtle technical schisms which defined the A350 even gets airborne.
the differences between the International Aero Engines V2500 and the
CFM International CFM56. In its place is a stark architectural, even An illustration of this determination is the fact that although all
philosophical, dispute with a reliance on new and exotic materials flight-test work required for certification of the Trent XWB has been
by the Leap-1A on one side and the introduction of a reduction gear completed, Airbus and R-R decided to extend the campaign using the
inside the PW1100G on the other (read more about this debate on airframer’s A380 flying testbed ahead of the A350’s maiden sortie.
P9).
Finally, Boeing’s selection of the General Electric GE9X for all three
CFM International in April 2013 started building the first parts for the proposed variants of the still-unlaunched 777X begins a five-year
common Leap-1A and -1C engines selected to power the A320neo campaign for the US engine manufacturer to test and certificate a new
and Comac C919 families. Design freeze of the CFM Leap-1B for product featuring several new advances in gas turbine technology
the Boeing 737 Max means that all three versions of the single-aisle and capability.
powerplant have formally entered the assembly stage.
GE’s preliminary development plan for the GE9X calls for certification
CFM’s latest schedule indicates that 12 Leap-1B test engines will form in May 2018 on a common core, with a slightly more than 100,000lb-
part of the development programme, complementing 13 Leap-1As thrust variant to power the 777-9X, a roughly 90,000lb-thrust variant
for the Airbus A320neo and three Leap-1Cs. Testing of the -1C, for to power the smaller 777-8X and another variant to power the ultra-
Comac’s C919, will benefit from -1A commonality. The manufacturer long-range 777-8LX.
will start ground testing of the Leap-1A - design of which was frozen
in June 2012 - in autumn this year. Multiple engines will perform
flightglobal insight
ground-test runs before flight testing starts in 2014.
Antoine Fafard: Manager
P&W, meanwhile, scored a significant victory with Embraer opting Anna kaczmarek: analyst
in January to equip its planned second-generation E-Jet family with
the US manufacturer’s geared turbofans. The company has also Flightglobal
announced it is making a design change for the PurePower PW1100G Andrew Doyle: Head of STRategic content
Flightglobal Insight | 3
Flightglobal Insight is the research arm of Flightglobal, the world’s
leading aviation media group.
www.flightglobal.com/insight
commercial engines 2013
contentS
engine analysis
Market share 7
New powerplants 9
Regional jets 11
At a glance
Commercial engines: manufacturer market share 15
Engine market share by market group 16
Engine options by commercial aircraft 17
Commercial engine comparison 19
engine census
Operator listing by commercial engine type 36
Flightglobal Insight
Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, UK
Tel: + 44 208 652 8724
Email: insight@flightglobal.com
Website: www.flightglobal.com/insight
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Engine analysis
Market share
CFM International and its US Engine manufacturer ranking
shareholder General Electric are the 2012 deliveries Backlog*
lead producers in their respective Rank Manufacturer Engines Share Engines Share
markets, delivering a combined 70% of 1 CFM International 1,278 53% 8,742 47%
the 2,416 commercial engines shipped 2 International Aero Engines 422 17% 1,568 8%
3 General Electric 388 16% 1,812 10%
to the mainline sector in 2012. While
4 Rolls-Royce 238 10% 2,214 12%
CFM continues to be the overall top
5 Engine Alliance 56 2% 356 2%
supplier, its share has fallen slightly from 6 Pratt & Whitney 34 1% 1,228 7%
58% in 2011 to 53%. Meanwhile, the Undecided - - 2,560 14%
battle in the widebody sector began to Total 2,416 18,480
heat up in 2012 as Boeing 787 deliveries NOTES: *At 31 December 2012. Data for installed engines based on Airbus/Boeing types. Excludes corporate and military
operators. SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online Fleets
got fully under way. The shape of the
single-aisle and regional jet markets is
airbus/boeingFLEET
AIRBUS/BOEING fleetBY
byENGINE
engineMANUFACTURER
manufacturer
also changing as Pratt & Whitney
8,752
progressively grows the geared 9,000
Airbus total: 6,931
turbofan’s market share. 8,000
5,599
Boeing total: 10,103
Grand total: 17,034
7,000
A total of 1,278 CFM engines were fitted 6,000
on commercial Airbus and Boeing 5,000
aircraft in 2012. The manufacturer has
4,000
also taken a 47% share of the order
3,000
backlog with 8,742 engines. IAE came 3,153 2,111 2,184 1,767
2,000
in second place for 2012 deliveries with 1,686 1,705 2,175
1,113
1,000
a 17% share (422 engines) while Rolls- 425 654 45
479
Royce was second in the order backlog 0
CFM Pratt & General International Rolls-Royce Engine Alliance
International Whitney Electric Aero Engines
ranking with a 12% share (2,214 NOTE: In-service & parked fleet at 31 December 2012. Excludes corporate and military operators.
engines). The British company has a
SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online database
strong position in the A330 order backlog, and also benefits for Airbus and 10,103 for Boeing. CFM International had a
from manufacturing the only engine available for the market share of 51%, with 8,752 aircraft (3,153 with Airbus
A350XWB with the Trent XWB. Deliveries to Airbus and and 5,599 with Boeing).
Boeing totalled 2,416 engines in 2012, while the total backlog
came to 18,480 engines. The CFM56 is the only engine provided on the Boeing 737NG,
and is an engine option on Airbus A320 family aircraft. The
Airbus and Boeing’s active commercial fleet at 31 CFM Leap engine is the exclusive engine on the 737 Max
December 2012 was a total of 17,034 aircraft, with 6,931 and is an option on the A320neo. The second option for the
A330 engine manufacturer share A380 engine manufacturer share 767 engine manufacturer share
2012 deliveries Backlog *
2012 deliveries Backlog *
2012 deliveries Backlog*
Manufacturer Aircraft Share Aircraft Share Manufacturer Aircraft Share Aircraft Share Manufacturer Aircraft Share Aircraft Share
General Electric 17 18% 34 11% Rolls-Royce 16 53% 56 34% General Electric 24 92% 59 91%
Pratt & Whitney 12 12% 30 10% Engine Alliance 14 47% 89 54% Pratt & Whitney 2 8% 6 9%
Rolls-Royce 68 70% 188 64% Undecided - - 19 12% TOTAL 26 65
Undecided - - 44 15% TOTAL 30 164
TOTAL 97 296 NOTES: *At 31 December 2012
NOTES: At 31 December 2012. Excludes corporate and
* NOTES: *At 31 December 2012. Excludes corporate and Excludes corporate and military operators
military operators. SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis military operators. SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online
using Ascend Online Fleets Ascend Online Fleets Fleets
Flightglobal Insight | 7
commercial engines 2013
a320 FAMILY
re-engined A320 is the Pratt & Whitney A320 family -- ENGINE
engineMANUFACTURER
manufacturerSHARE
share
PW1000G geared turbofan. Backlog *
2012 deliveries
share table (on previous page) shows SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online database
that 70% of the deliveries in 2012 were 787 –- engine
ENGINE manufacturer
MANUFACTURER SHARE share
completed with Rolls-Royce engines,
with its aircraft backlog share standing Backlog *
2012 deliveries
A total of 46 787s were delivered in 2012, Data for firm orders for ATR, Bombardier (including CSeries), Comac, Embraer, Mitsubishi and Sukhoi
NOTES: *Airframe. **At 31 December 2012. Excludes corporate and military operators. ***Including P&W Canada.
and 41% with the Rolls-Royce Trent. The backlog for the Powerjet follow, with 43% and 4% respectively.
Boeing 787 totalled 792 aircraft at the end of 2012. The split in
market share between General Electric and Rolls-Royce was The total backlog for manufacturers ATR, Bombardier
41% and 28% respectively, with 31% still undecided. (including CSeries), Comac, Embraer, Mitsubishi and Sukhoi
stood at 1,172 at the end of December 2012. Pratt & Whitney
Regional aircraft (including Pratt & Whitney Canada) had the largest market
In the regional market, the charts show General Electric’s share at 50%, while General Electric and Powerjet achieved
share for 2012 deliveries at 54%. Pratt & Whitney and a market share of 36% and 14% respectively.
8 | Flightglobal Insight
commercial engines 2013
New powerplants
How to power the A320neo is far from a straightforward
decision for airlines, but their choices will help define the
future of gas turbine engine technology.
33%
Share of A320neo
Choosing the right engine may never have been more important
orders that have yet to
have an engine chosen
– or harder – than with the Airbus A320neo family. Unlike previous
engine competitions, the choice between the CFM International
Leap-1A and the Pratt & Whitney PurePower PW1100G is no the new generation of large regional jets and small narrowbodies,
longer a soft bet on a secondary supplier for an already chosen including the CSeries, Embraer’s second-generation E-Jet and
airframe. the Mitsubishi MRJ regional jet.
The A320neo is almost identical to the previous version of the Airlines differ in their engine choices as much as the airframers. In
aircraft except for the choice of engine to power it. The paths taken two years, Airbus has signed 54 contracts for 1,864 A320neo-
by both engine makers to achieve the 15% rise in fuel efficiency family aircraft. Each deal is another opportunity for a referendum
Airbus is seeking for the A320neo, means airlines are not simply on the different engine options. So far, the orders are almost
acquiring an engine but tacitly taking sides in an ongoing, furious evenly split between the Leap-1A (35%) and the PW1100G (31%),
debate about the future of gas turbine engine technology. with the remaining yet to be selected (33%). The CFM option
enjoys a clear lead on the smaller of the two variants, including by
Gone are the comparatively subtle technical schisms which far the most popular version with the A320neo. P&W is the strong
defined the differences between the International Aero Engines favourite so far on the A321neo, but the number of undecided
V2500 and the CFM International CFM56. In its place is a stark customers remains strong enough on the A320neo and A321neo
architectural, even philosophical, dispute with a reliance on new to easily tip the lead on either side.
and exotic materials by the Leap-1A on one side and the
introduction of a reduction gear inside the PW1100G on the other. Gas turbine engines will differ according to the manufacturer but
essentially all work the same way: a gas turbine uses air to
geared turbofan ARCHITECTURE generate thrust to propel the aircraft, and power to drive the
Experience offers only partial assistance to airlines as they make engine. The air flow is ingested by the inlet fan, squeezed by the
their decisions. P&W has recently received Transport Canada compressor section, ignited by the combustor and, finally, diffused
certification for a smaller variant of the PW1100G which powers through the turbine, which harnesses the energy of the heated
the Bombardier CSeries. However, the geared turbofan gases to drive the inlet fan and compressor sections.
architecture has never been introduced into service, forcing
airlines to rely on test results for key assumptions, including For three decades, airlines buying the A320 family had a choice
lifecycle maintenance cost. between the CFM56 and the V2500, with significant differences
between them. CFM freely acknowledges that the CFM56 is
Similarly, CFM joint-venture partner General Electric has managed usually the most expensive to buy when all other terms are equal,
the thermal cycle of the Leap-1A on the larger GE90 and GEnx but that is only one factor in an airline’s engine decision.
turbofans, but is using new materials, such as ceramic matrix
composites, for the first time. A key difference between the CFM56 and V2500 is housed in the
high-pressure section of the turbine, which spins the high-pressure
Before airlines have any say, airframers cast the first vote, and compressor. It is perhaps the most challenging area of any engine, as
they seem to be split. While Boeing rejected P&W’s bid to offer a it must survive the hottest temperatures just aft of the combustor and
competitive engine option for the 737 Max, Airbus was pleased to still perform the hard work of driving the compressor.
continue giving airlines a choice by selecting both available
engines to be certificated on the A320neo family. On the V2500, IAE decided to use two rings of small airfoils called
turbine stages, allowing each stage to bear only a portion of the
New entrants Comac and Irkut were also split over the decision, overall load. By contrast, the CFM56 uses only one stage in the
selecting the Leap-1C and PW1400G respectively. Meanwhile, high-pressure turbine, resulting in a slight advantage for the
P&W’s PurePower engine family has dominated the market for CFM56 on lifecycle maintenance cost. One less high-pressure
Flightglobal Insight | 9
commercial engines 2013
turbine stage means one less trip to the maintenance depot every 787 and 747-8 introduced a combined blade and disc – or blisk –
few years. in the first of the 10-stage high-pressure compressor. CFM also
uses blisks, but expands its use to the first five stages of the 10-
CFM initially attempted to apply the single-stage architecture on the stage compressor. The blisks, the new materials and the two-
Leap engine family, but ultimately decided to switch to a two-stage stage high-pressure turbine allow CFM to vastly improve the
high-pressure turbine. A likely consequence of this is an erosion in thermal efficiency of the Leap, yielding a double-digit improvement
maintenance cost advantage, at least relative to the single-stage in fuel efficiency with a conventional architecture for a narrowbody
CFM56 versus the two-stage V2500. However, CFM believes it can aircraft engine.
offset the higher cost of maintaining two sets of turbine stages by
using materials that have to be replaced less frequently. If the Leap architecture is intended to optimise the thermal
efficiency of the engine, P&W’s PW1100G is mostly aimed at
EVOLVING MATERIALS improving propulsive efficiency. There are generally two airflows in
Materials are another matter of dispute and have been evolving as a turbofan engine – one that travels through the core of the engine
temperatures inside the gas turbine core have grown hotter. By and one which bypasses the core. The former is used mainly to
the late 1960s, exhaust gases had grown hot enough to melt metal drive the engine, although a small amount generates thrust. The
in the turbine stages. Engine manufacturers responded by latter, or bypass airflow, generates the majority of thrust.
hollowing the turbine stages and extracting cooler air from
upstream of the combustor to keep the blades just cool enough to A simple way to make the engine more efficient in generating thrust is
prevent melting. But CFM co-owner GE wants to eventually to increase the amount of airflow that bypasses the engine core, or
eliminate the cooling flow, thus preserving energy. The answer is the bypass ratio. The only way to increase the bypass flow is to
switching to new materials that can survive hotter temperatures enlarge the diameter of the inlet fan, which is connected by a shaft to
and are, ideally, lighter. its power sources in the low-pressure turbine. In a conventional
engine architecture such as the Leap, the low-pressure turbine and
Since the mid-1980s, the aviation industry has been working to inlet fan rotate at the same speed. As the inlet fan diameter widens,
introduce ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). It has taken three the tips of the blades spin faster than the speed of sound, reducing
decades to invent ways to affordably mass produce CMCs and efficiency, and causing noise and vibration problems.
overcome challenges such as thermal shock, in which the material
shatters after exposure to extreme fluctuations in air temperature, Instead, P&W introduces a reduction gear on the shaft that decouples
such as an in-flight engine shutdown. However, CFM believes the rotation speed of the high-pressure turbine and the inlet fan,
CMCs have finally reached the point where they can be reliably allowing the latter to spin at one-third the speed of the former. As a
and affordably used in a non-moving component of the high- result, the PW1100G has a bypass ratio of 12:1, twice the 6:1 ratio of
pressure turbine – the shroud which covers the blades in the first the V2500. The reduction gear also reduces the load on the low-
stage of the high-pressure turbine. pressure turbine. The job of spinning the inlet fan and booster stages
on the CFM Leap requires seven stages in the low-pressure turbine.
The Leap also features a compressor section more advanced The PW1100G inlet fan is 10cm (4in) wider than the Leap-1A, but
than in any previous GE aircraft engine. The GEnx for the Boeing uses only three stages in the low-pressure turbine.
FleetWatch
FleetWatch monthly data
Every month, Flightglobal Insight provides a FREE fleet order analysis which is a
condensed version of the montlhy data available to Flightglobal Pro subscribers. Our
FleetWatch articles provide you with a brief overview of commercial aircraft orders by
customer, market group and aircraft type.
10 | Flightglobal Insight
commercial engines 2013
Regional jets
The next generation E-Jet gives Embraer an aircraft with it been done earlier, Embraer “could have prevented the MRJ getting its
new engine technology. But with service entry not foot in the door at all”.
expected for at least five years, the effect of its arrival
into the regional market is still up for debate. “Mitsubishi has no track record of selling, supporting or financing jets.
That represents a certain degree of risk for customers,” he says.
Prior to Embraer’s decision to re-engine the E-Jet, Bombardier and
Mitsubishi were sitting pretty in a market where the dominant player no Naturally, the Japanese manufacturer has a different view. Its vice-
longer had a product that could effectively compete with newer rivals. president of business planning, Hank Iwasa, says: “We’re confident that
the newly-developed MRJ will have a lot of technological advantages,
Embraer has established itself as the market leader in the large regional and is designed to extract the best GTF engine performance against the
jet sector, delivering more than 940 E-Jets over the last decade and [re-engined] E-Jet even if Embraer revamps their existing E-Jet system.”
holding a backlog for some 220 more. However it has faced a growing He says the advantage of the MRJ is not only based on the GTF engine,
threat from the Canadian and Japanese manufacturers. Powered by the but that the aircraft also
geared turbofan technology from Pratt & Whitney, the efficiency gains incorporates next- top five regional customers 2012
offered by the all-new Bombardier CSeries and Mitsubishi MRJ regional jet generation engineering Rank Operator Deliveries
have seen them take both orders and market share from Embraer. technology and an 1 Azul 27
aerodynamic design 2 Alitalia Cityliner 13
3 China Southern Airlines 10
After evaluating an all-new five abreast design, Embraer decided last that “sets it apart from
4 Tianjin Airlines 9
year to go down the re-engining route. Subject to a formal decision the competitors”.
5= Lufthansa CityLine 8
expected by mid-year, it will replace the E-Jet’s General Electric CF34s 5= Aeromexico Connect 8
with the same GTF technology that its rivals have (and introduce other STIFF 5= SpiceJet 8
improvements), levelling the playing field. COMPETITION 5= Eurolot 8
Bombardier, whose total number 2012 deliveries: 224
Along with other revisions such as a new wing design, Embraer says its CS100 version of the NOTE: Data for ATR, Bombardier, Embraer and Sukhoi.
Excludes corporate and military operators.
re-engined twinjets will benefit from a double-digit improvement in fuel CSeries has 108-125 SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online
burn, maintenance costs, emissions and external noise over the current seats depending on Fleets.
E-Jet. A stretched derivative is also being studied. configuration, competes
2012 REGIONAL
regional AIRCRAFT aircraft DELIVERIESdeliveries
with the two largest
Entry into service is scheduled for 2018-19, around four to five years after E-Jets, the 114-seat Jet
Turboprop
96
the CS100 in 2014, and around three to four years after the MRJ, but E-190 and 124-seat 128
aerospace consultant Richard Aboulafia of Teal Group believes Embraer E-195. Its big brother,
will swiftly make up for lost ground. the 130-160-seat
CS300, competes
In the case of Mitsubishi, whose 70-seat MRJ70 and 90-seat MRJ90 more with the smaller
aircraft will compete with the re-engined E-175 and E-190 respectively, variants of Airbus and
Total delieveries: 224
he says delays are “eating further into the advantage they had over Boeing’s A320 and 737 NOTES: Data for ATR, Bombardier, Embraer and Sukhoi.
Embraer”. The MRJ was originally expected to enter flight testing in late families. So Bombardier Excludes corporate and military operators
SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online database
2011, but that was delayed to the second quarter of 2012 and again, to has a product that
REGIONAL AIRCRAFT BACKLOG
late 2013. Nothing more is known about service entry, other than it is straddles the regional regional aircraft backlog
scheduled, for the time being, for some time in 2015. and mainline aircraft Embraer Mitsubishi
14%
Sukhoi
16% 14%
markets.
Aboulafia believes that Embraer’s decision to re-engine the E-Jet will
prove the industry’s real appetite for the MRJ. “Getting into the market If Embraer goes ahead
was impressive, but since they were the only guy with the new generation with a re-engined
of engines, they had a relatively easy job. This is a different story…. We’ll E-195 stretch that can Comac**
11%
see how much more traction they’ll get,” he says. seat around 130 ATR
18% Bombardier*
Total backlog: 1,172
passengers, it could 26%
NOTES: *Bombardier's backlog includes CSeries. **Comac ARJ21.
In his view, the re-engining was announced later than necessary and had impact the Canadian Data at 31 December 2012, exludes corporate and military operators
SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online database
Flightglobal Insight | 11
commercial engines 2013
manufacturer’s aspirations in the regional marketplace, says Aboulafia. If develop the only e-jet BACKLOG
E-JET backlogBY
byDELIVERY
deliveryYEAR
year
the E-195 stretch happens, he does not envisage Bombardier winning aircraft specifically
80
many more sales for the CS100 beyond those it has already achieved. designed for the 100-
to 149-seat market 70
“In the 110-seat zone, the CSeries is living on borrowed time,” he says. segment with 60
Aboulafia adds that while some customers will require the additional unbeatable 50
range that the CS100 would likely offer over a re-engined stretch E-195, economics and
40
most will opt for the E-Jet, which will be a cheaper aircraft that also costs passenger comfort,”
less to operate. he says. Poutissou 30
However, Rob Morris, a senior aviation analyst with Flightglobal Advisory “the CS100 aircraft is 10
Service Ascend, says “it’s one thing saying we’re going to put a GTF on, the only five-abreast
0
but what is important is the variant and how optimised it is for the design narrowbody 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
of the aircraft”. He says the CS100 is a new design targeted at a market, compared to the SOURCE: Flightglobal’s Ascend Online database
while its E-Jet rival would be a stretch version. He adds that not enough is competition’s four- backlog COMPARISON
known about the GTF engines to be used on the new E-Jets to say abreast smaller
Aircraft type Backlog
whether they will be properly optimised. cabin”. Embraer E-Jet 223
Bombardier CSeries 175
“In a sense, right now if you look at the variants of the GTF that are being While it might be too Mitsubishi MRJ 165
developed, you’ve got one that is being developed for the CSeries and a early to assess in Grand Total 563
different engine being developed for the MRJ,” he says. “That’s effectively detail the impact of Source: Flightglobal’s Ascend Online Fleets
engines developed for the 110-130 seat market and the 70-90 seat Embraer’s re-
market… but when the E-Jet comes along, we need to understand engining decision on Bombardier’s CS100, Morris believes it does raise
whether the engines for each product, the E-175 and the E-190/195, are serious questions over the existing E-Jet family.
common or different and how optimised they are.”
“If you look at the history of re-engining projects, inevitably after a couple
As such, Morris feels it’s “quite early to understand just how the E-Jet will of years of the entry into service of the new engine variant, the old engine
stack up in competitive terms”. variant ends production,” he says.
Bombardier’s vice-president of marketing for the commercial aircraft Morris says that if the market proposition of the new E-Jet is correct, “it’s
division, Philippe Poutissou, also says that a newly-designed aircraft hard to see any logic in the older variant remaining in production”.
will be superior in a number of areas to “a new engine on an in- However he says it is a surprise “that there’s such a gap between
production airframe”. potential launch and first delivery” of the new E-Jet, with a relatively large
intervening period. “If you look at their backlog, it’s just over a couple of
“The CSeries aircraft clean-slate approach means that we are able to hundred airplanes. At current production rates they’ve only got two years
12 | Flightglobal Insight
commercial engines 2013
manufacturers concentrated on GTF aircraft, Europe Asia-Pacific Latin America Africa North America Middle East
Aboulafia says the possibility of a big turboprop NOTES: Data for ATR, Bombardier, Embraer and Sukhoi. Excludes corporate and military operators
SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online database
aircraft “is an afterthought”, while he feels “they
[manufacturers] should be prioritising… which is
too bad as I think there’s a market”. GECAS accounts for 10.2% of the total E-Jet family fleet, 13.3% of the
stored base and 3.6% of outstanding orders, according to Flightglobal’s
When making fleet planning decisions, Aboulafia says, airlines “will go for Ascend Online database. The lessor also holds 13% of all E-Jet options.
the guy that offers the total package, good track record of product support
and new-generation engines”. “This is significant considering these figures exclude any financing or
leases done by the General Electric group,” says Bert van Leeuwen, DVB
However Embraer’s switch to P&W for its second-generation E-Jet Bank’s managing director of aviation research.
breaks the link with GE and will likely result in less financial support from
GE Capital Aviation Services. Despite this, Aboulafia feels Embraer’s decision to re-engine the E-Jet
will see it improve its position in the regional marketplace. “It’s Embraer’s
GECAS, which is 100% owned by General Electric, is the world’s largest market to lose. They’ve finally realised what to do and if they play their
aircraft lessor and the majority of aircraft in the lessor’s portfolio and order cards right, they’re likely heading for around a 70% share of the regional
book are equipped with GE powerplants. jet market,” he says.
Flightglobal Insight | 13
Aircraft finance newsletter
At a glance
Commercial engines: manufacturer market share
russia & cis
MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES
europe
CFM International 421 842
MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES
Aviadvigatel 201 651
CFM International 2,440 5,070
North america Ivchenko Progress 162 473
General Electric 838 1,903
MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES General Electric 143 335
Rolls-Royce 547 1,350
General Electric 1,929 4,098 Rolls-Royce 71 160
International Aero Engines 486 972
CFM International 1,918 3,836 Other 117 259
Pratt & Whitney 168 373
Pratt & Whitney 1,217 2,683
Other 152 567 middle east
Rolls-Royce 1,040 2,080
MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES
International Aero Engines 516 1,032
General Electric 337 706
Other 5 12
CFM International 227 484
africa
Rolls-Royce 185 427
MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES
Pratt & Whitney 108 216
CFM International 345 728
International Aero Engines 91 232
General Electric 134 272
south america Other 72 270
Pratt & Whitney 114 263
MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES
Rolls-Royce 81 182
CFM International 558 1,148 asia-pacific
International Aero Engines 39 78
General Electric 249 500 MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES
Other 62 223
International Aero Engines 218 436 CFM International 2,460 5,000
Pratt & Whitney 161 354 International Aero Engines 836 1,672
Rolls-Royce 71 142 General Electric 775 1,796
Other 25 89 Rolls-Royce 603 1,400
Pratt & Whitney 430 1,103
Other 54 190
Other
(2.520)
International Aero
world commercial aircraft Engines 6%
(4,468) CFM International
MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES 10% (17,108)
CFM International 8,369 17,108
General Electric
Pratt & Whitney
4,405 9,610
(5,160) 12% 38%
Rolls-Royce 2,598 5,741
Pratt & Whitney 2,250 5,160
International Aero Engines 2,234 4,468
13%
Other 750 2,520
Rolls-Royce
TOTAL 20,606 44,607 (5,741) 22%
General Electric
(9,610)
NOTE: Information for active commercial aircraft in operation with airlines. Information includes narrowbody, widebody, regional and Russian jets in
passenger, freighter, combi and quick change roles. CIS countries include Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan
and Uzbekistan. SOURCE: ACAS database (May 2013).
Flightglobal Insight | 15
commercial engines 2013
22%
International Aero Engines Rolls-Royce P&W
International (1,870) 26%
Aero Engines 18% 46%
(4,468) CFM International R-R
66% 63%
GE
23%
General Electric
CFM International (4,434)
(16,372) Rolls-Royce
(2,581)
NOTE: Information for active commercial aircraft in operation with airlines. SOURCE: ACAS database (May 2013).
16 | Flightglobal Insight
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Flightglobal Insight | 17
commercial engines 2013
BOMBARDIER
Aircraft type Number of engines Engine
CSeries 2 PW1000G
CRJ (all variants) 2 CF34
COMAC
Aircraft type Number of engines Engine
C919 2 Leap
ARJ21 2 CF34
EMBRAER
Aircraft type Number of engines Engine
E-170/175/190/195 2 CF34
ERJ 145 family 2 AE 3007
E-Jet “G2” family 2 PW1000G
fokker
Aircraft type Number of engines Engine
F28* 2 Spey
Fokker 70/100* 2 Tay
ilyushin
Aircraft type Number of engines Engine option 1 Engine option 2
II-96 2 PS-90 PW2000
iRKUT
Aircraft type Number of engines Engine option 1 Engine option 2
MS-21 2 PD-14 PW1000G
LOCKHEED
Aircraft type Number of engines Engine
L-1011* 2 RB211
MITSUBISHI REGIONAL JET
Aircraft type Number of engines Engine
MRJ70/90 2 PW1000G
SUKHOI
Aircraft type Number of engines Engine
Superjet 100 2 SaM146
tupolev
Aircraft type Number of engines Engine option 1 Engine option 2
Tu-204 2 PS-90 RB211
NOTE: Aircraft listed are narrowbody, widebody and regional jets currently in service and/or in development, in a commercial role.
* Aircraft no longer in production.
18 | Flightglobal Insight
commercial engines 2013
CFM International
CFM56
Thrust 18,500-34,000 lb
Length 250 cm
Diameter 155-175 cm
Weight 2,360 kg
Service entry 1982
Aircraft 737 family, A320 family, A340, DC-8
LEAP
Thrust ~30,000 lb
Diameter 190.5 cm
Service entry due in 2015
Aircraft 737 Max, A320neo, C919
Engine Alliance
GP7200
Thrust 70,000-81,500 lb
Length 475 cm
Diameter 316 cm
Weight 6,725 kg
Service entry 2008
Aircraft A380
General Electric
CF34
Thrust 9,220-20,000 lb
Length 260-368 cm
Diameter 124-145 cm
Service entry 1992
Aircraft ARJ21, CRJ, E-Jet
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commercial engines 2013
CF6
Thrust 40,000-72,000 lb
Length 424-477 cm
Diameter 266-289 cm
Weight 4,067-4,104 kg
Service entry 1971
Aircraft A300, A310, 747, 767, DC-10, MD-11
GE90
Thrust 76,000-115,000 lb
Length 729 cm
Diameter 312-325 cm
Weight 7,550-8283 kg
Service entry 1995
Aircraft 777
GEnx
Thrust 53,000-75,000 lb
Length 430-470 cm
Diameter 265-280 cm
Weight 5,816 kg
Service entry 2011
Aircraft 747-8, 787
IAE
V2500
Thrust 22,000-33,000 lb
Length 320 cm
Diameter 160 cm
Weight 2,359 kg
Service entry 1989
Aircraft A319, A320, A321, MD-90
Powerjet
SaM146
Thrust 15,400-17,800 lb
Length 220 cm
Diameter 122 cm
Weight 4,980 lb
Service entry 2011
Aircraft Superjet 100
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commercial engines 2013
JT9D
Thrust 45,800-56,000 lb
Length 325-355 cm
Diameter 235 cm
Service entry 1970
Aircraft A300, A310, 747, 767, DC-10
PW2000
Thrust 37,000-43,000 lb
Length 360 cm
Diameter 200 cm
Service entry 1984
Aircraft 757, Il-96M
PW4000
Thrust 52,000-90,000 lb
Length 414 cm
Diameter 240-255 cm
Service entry 1987
Aircraft A300, A310, A330, 747,
767, 777, MD-11
PW6000
Thrust 18,000-24,000 lb
Length 275 cm
Diameter 145 cm
Weight 2,245 kg
Service entry 2007
Aircraft A318
PW1000G
Thrust 15,000-32,000 lb
Diameter 140-210 cm
Service entry 2013 (expected)
Aircraft A320neo, CSeries, MRJ, MS-21
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commercial engines 2013
Rolls-Royce
AE 3007
Thrust 6,495-8,917 lb
Length 270 cm
Diameter 98 cm
Weight 720 kg
Service entry 1995
Aircraft ERJ-145 family
BR700
Thrust 14,750-21,000 lb
Length 340-373 cm
Diameter 121-147 cm
Weight 1,632-2,792 kg
Service entry 1994
Aircraft 717
RB211
Thrust 7,264-9,874 lb
Length 300-320 cm
Diameter 188-220 cm
Weight 3,300-4,490 kg
Service entry 1972
Aircraft 747, 757, 767, L-1011, Tu-204
Tay
Thrust 13,850-15,100 lb
Length 238 cm
Diameter 114 cm
Weight 1,501 kg
Service entry 1984
Aircraft Fokker 70/100
Trent
Thrust 53,000-115,000 lb
Length 390-455 cm
Diameter 250-455 cm
Weight 4,700-6,550 kg
Service entry 1995
Aircraft A330, A340, A350, A380, 777, 787
NOTE: Engines listed are currently in production and or in service for commercial narrowbody, widebody and regional aircraft.
22 | Flightglobal Insight
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commercial engines
Overview by engine manufacturer & type
CFM INTERNATIONAL
CFM International is a 50:50 joint venture between General Electric and Snecma (Safran), founded
in 1974. The company is most famous for building CFM56 turbofans, an engine that now powers
more than 10,000 commercial and military aircraft including the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737
families. More than 25,000 CFM56s have been built since its introduction to the market in 1982.
The CFM56 core engine is derived from the F-100 turbofan, developed by General Electric for
military applications. The CFM56 first ran at the company’s Evendale plant on 20 June 1974 and the
first production models, installed in a re-engined DC-8-70 airframe, entered service in April 1982.
General Electric is responsible for design integration, the core engine and the main engine control
of the CFM56, while Snecma is responsible for the low-pressure system, gearbox, accessory
integration and engine installation.
CFM56
The CFM56 was first contracted to re-engine DC-8s, With more than 600 737s in its fleet in 2013, Southwest
military 707s and Boeing C-135s. It has a thrust Airlines is the carrier with the largest number of CFM56-
range of 18,500-34,000lb-thrust and first ran in 1974. powered aircraft in the world.
It is now one of the most common turbofan aircraft engines
in the world. Ryanair’s 737-only fleet consists of a total of 303 aircraft,
while United Airlines’ in-service fleet of more than 700
In the early 1980s, Boeing selected the CFM56 to exclusively aircraft includes 243 737s. EasyJet is the operator with the
power its latest 737-300 variant, what is now called the 737 largest number of CFM56-fitted Airbus aircraft, with a fleet of
Classic. The CFM56 was first delivered on the Boeing 737 in 188 A320s in service.
1984 and has powered all versions of the 737 since.
CFM56
The CFM56 was first delivered on the Airbus A320 in 1988
and powers all models of the A320 family, including the Thrust 18,500-34,000 lb
A318, A319, A320, A321, as well Length 250 cm
as A340-200 and A340-300 aircraft. Diameter 155-175 cm
The CFM56 is the most widely-used Weight 2,360 kg
engine on commercial narrowbodies,
Service entry 1982
with a current market share of more
than 65%. Aircraft 737 family, A320 family, A340, DC-8
Flightglobal Insight | 23
commercial engines 2013
LEAP
The Leap turbofan is the successor to the CFM56 line, which The Leap-1A is one of
CFM has been working on since 1999. Leap (Leading Edge two engine options for
Aviation Propulsion) technology draws on developments the Airbus A320neo,
made in previous years by GE and Snecma with engines due to enter service
such as the GE90 and GEnx. in 2015. In December
2010, Virgin America
Launched at the 2005 Paris air show as a possible CFM56 ordered 30 re-engined
replacement, the Leap programme was at that time intended A320neo aircraft,
to supply the next generation of turbofans for all-new single- the first airline to do so. Since its launch, the aircraft has
aisle aircraft by Airbus and Boeing. At that time, a few received more than 2,000 orders, making it the fastest-
industry players expected a replacement for the A320 or 737 selling commercial aircraft in history. The A320neo backlog
to appear before 2020. stood at 2,083 in May 2013, with 693 to be equipped with the
Leap-1A and 778 still undecided.
Over the next six years, the single-aisle market evolved
rapidly. A competitor, Pratt & Whitney, introduced a new The Leap-1B engine is exclusive to the Boeing 737 Max.
innovation in propulsion called a fan-drive system, the In December 2011, Southwest Airlines became the launch
Chinese entered the market with a new single-aisle airframe customer for the re-engined narrowbody, placing a firm order
and Airbus and Boeing deferred plans for an all-new single- for 150 737 Max aircraft. At $19 billion at list prices, this was
aisle. Instead, the US and European airframers settled for the largest firm order in Boeing’s history. The Dallas-based
re-engining and updating their products within this decade. airline, which was also the launch customer for both the
Boeing 737 Classic and 737 Next Generation series, will
The Leap is the only engine on all three narrowbodies in take delivery of its first 737 Max in 2017.
development with at least 160 seats (Airbus A320neo,
Boeing 737 Max and Comac C919). The first Leap-1A is AirAsia stood as the leading customer as of May 2013 with
scheduled to be assembled in August 2013 and be ready for an order backlog of 264 aircraft followed by Lion Air with
testing by the end of September. 201. The other significant customers for the 737 Max include
American Airlines, Norwegian and United Airlines. The firm
The Leap fan will have a 198cm diameter for the Airbus backlog for the aircraft stood at 1,285 in May 2013.
A320neo and Comac C919 and 175cm diameter for
the Boeing 737 Max. All Leap fans will have 18 blades, The Leap-1C has been chosen by China’s Comac as the
significantly less than the CFM56-B’s 36 titanium blades and exclusive powerplant for its C919, a 168-190 passenger
the CFM56-7B’s 24 blades. Combined with a new lighter fan single-aisle twinjet. It will be the largest commercial airliner
containment structure, total weight savings will be 455kg per ever to be designed and built in China. In October 2011,
aircraft compared with a same-sized fan using metal blades Chinese lessor ICBC Leasing announced an order for 45
and case. C919s, as well as an agreement to be the launch customer
for the aircraft. The C919’s first flight is expected to take
The Leap engine will be the first commercial turbofan to place in 2014, with initial deliveries scheduled for 2016. The
incorporate ceramic matrix composites, which are installed C919 order backlog stood at 275 aircraft in May 2013.
as the shroud encasing the first stage of the high-pressure
turbine. CMCs are a lightweight material that can survive Accompanying the Leap-1C engine is an integrated
temperatures that would cause even actively-cooled metal propulsion system (IPS) built by Nexcelle, a joint venture
blades to melt. between GE and Safran.
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commercial engines 2013
ENGINE ALLIANCE
Engine Alliance is a 50:50 joint venture between General Electric and Pratt & Whitney which was
formed in August 1996 to develop, manufacture, sell and support a family of engines for new high-
capacity, long-range aircraft.
In mid-1996, Boeing announced it was beginning development of new growth derivatives of the 747,
the 747-500/600. Neither GE Aircraft Engines nor Pratt & Whitney had engines in their own product
lines in the necessary 70,000-85,000lb-thrust range. Each company had independently forecast
worldwide demand for aircraft in this market segment, and had determined that it might not be large
enough to justify the approximate $1 billion expense of developing a new centerline engine. A joint
venture between these otherwise aggressive competitors seemed the logical solution and so, on
28 August 1996, GE and Pratt & Whitney established the joint venture company GE-P&W Engine
Alliance, to develop the GP7000 engine.
The idea was to use the core competencies of each parent company to design, develop, certify and
manufacture a state-of-the-art high bypass turbofan engine for 450-seat and larger four-engined
aircraft. Boeing later shelved its immediate plans for a growth 747 version while Airbus began
to consider development of an aircraft called the A3XX, planned as the largest-ever commercial
transport aircraft.
Airbus approached Engine Alliance about powering the new airplane, and received preliminary
development support in the form of various GP7000 engine designs for the A3XX between 1998
and 2000. Airbus made the commercial relationship official on 19 December 2000 with the launch
of the A380 programme, and on 19 May 2001, the GP7000 programme was fully established when
Air France selected the GP7270 to power the 10 A380-800 passenger aircraft it had on order.
GP7200
The main application for Engine Alliance’s first engine
was originally the Boeing 747-500/600X projects, before
these were cancelled as a result of a lack of demand from
airlines.
Flightglobal Insight | 25
commercial engines 2013
GENERAL ELECTRIC
General Electric’s aerospace division, GE Aviation, is part of GE Technology Infrastructure – itself
part of the conglomerate General Electric. GE Aviation operated under the name of General Electric
Aircraft Engines (GEAE) until September 2005.
The General Electric Company built its first turbine engine in 1941 when it began development of
Whittle-type turbojets under a technical exchange arrangement between the British and American
governments. GE’s first entry into the civil engine market was in the late 1950s, with a commercial
version of the J79 designated CJ805. In 1967, GE announced the development of the CF6 high-
bypass turbofan for future widebody airliners.
GE’s presence in the widebody engine market has expanded steadily since the early 1970s, and the
manufacturer’s engines now power the largest proportion of the world’s active commercial widebody
fleet, with a share of 46%, and regional aircraft, with a 62% share.
CF34 CF6
The CF34 turbofan is a derivative of the GE TF34 which The CF6 engine entered the commercial widebody market
powers the US Air Force A-10 and US Navy S-3A. The in 1971 on the DC-10.
CF34 is installed on regional jets including the Bombardier
CRJ series, the Bombardier Challenger, the Embraer The CF6 is currently in service on the 747, 767, A300, A310,
E-Jets and the Chinese Comac ARJ21, which is currently A330 and MD-11. The CF6-80C2 (military designation:
under development. F103) was selected to re-engine the C-5 RERP.
The CF34 was first used on business jets in 1983 and on There are five models of the CF6: CF6-6, CF6-50,
regional jets in 1992. CF6-80A, CF6-80C2 and CF6-80E1. The first model, the
CF6-6, was developed with 40,000lb-thrust, while the newest
Since the first CF34-3A1 engine entered service in CF6-80E1 model, designed specifically for the Airbus A330,
1992, its dispatch reliability rate has remained at produces 72,000lb-thrust.
99.95%, with more than 80 million flight hours and 65 million
cycles completed. The engine family has completed
over 325 million flight hours with
There are three models of the CF34 engine: CF34-3, CF34- more than 260 customers since
8 and the latest CF34-10. it entered commercial revenue
service.
As of May 2013, there were
more than 2,200 CF34- More than 1,400 CF6-powered
powered active commercial airliners are still active.
aircraft worldwide.
CF6
CF34 Thrust 40,000-72,000 lb
Thrust 9,220-20,360 lb Length 424-477 cm
Length 260-368 cm Diameter 266-289 cm
Diameter 124-145 cm Weight 4,067-4,104 kg
Service entry 1992 Service entry 1971
Aircraft ARJ21, CRJ, E-Jet Aircraft A300, A310, 747, 767, DC-10, MD-11
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commercial engines 2013
GE90 GEnx
The GE90 turbofan series is The GEnx (General Electric Next-generation) is the successor
physically the largest engine in to the CF6 and is based on the GE90’s architecture.
aviation history. It was specifically
designed for the Boeing 777 The GEnx is intended to replace the CF6 in GE’s production
and was introduced into service line and will deliver 15% better specific fuel consumption
in November 1995 with British than the engines it replaces.
Airways. It was originally
certificated at 84,700lb-thrust. It is designed to stay on wing 30% longer while using 30%
fewer parts, greatly reducing maintenance time and cost.
The engine comes in two models: the GE90-94B and GE90- The GEnx’s emissions are expected to be as much as 95%
115B. Snecma of France, Avio of Italy and IHI of Japan are below regulatory limits.
participants in the GE90 development programme.
The GEnx is an option on the Boeing 787 and is exclusively
The latest Boeing 777 variants – the -200LR/300ER and 777F used to power the 747-8.
– are exclusively powered by the GE90-115B. It has a fan
diameter of 325cm and, with a nominal rating of 115,000lb- GE is in partnership with Pratt & Whitney through the
thrust, is the most powerful aircraft engine in the world. Engine Alliance, which is responsible for the GP7200 engine
designed for the Airbus A380. GE is also a partner with
On 10 November 2005, the GE90-110B1 powered a 777- Snecma in CFM International.
200LR during the world’s longest flight by a commercial
airliner. The aircraft flew 21,601km in 22h 42min, flying There are two models of the GEnx: the GEnx-1B (used on
from Hong Kong to London over the Pacific, then over the the 787-8 and 787-9) and the GEnx-2B (used on the 747-8
continental US, and finally over the Atlantic to London. Intercontinental and Freighter).
In March 2013, Boeing announced that it had selected the In October 2011, Cargolux was the first customer to receive
GE9X to exclusively power the 777X to extend the engine a GEnx-powered aircraft, fitted to its 747-8. As of May 2013,
maker’s propulsion monopoly to the next generation of the there were 37 GEnx-powered 747-8s in service.
widebody type. The 777X is expected to compete with the
Airbus A350-900 and A350-1000 over a wide span of the From 16 January to the end
market, stretching from about 330 seats to more than 400, of April 2013, the global 787
and offering ultra-long range. fleet was grounded following
battery failures.
GE’s preliminary development plan for the GE9X calls for
certification in May 2018 on a common core, with a slightly Of the 50 787s that were still
more than 100,000lb-thrust variant to power the 777-9X, a parked at the end of April, a
roughly 90,000lb-thrust variant to power the smaller 777-8X total of 28 were fitted with
and another variant to power the ultra-long-range 777-8LX. GEnx engines.
In May 2013, a total of 693 GE90-powered 777s were in In May 2013, the GEnx order backlog stood at 370 aircraft
service while the order backlog stood at 351. for 787s and 57 for 747-8s.
GE90 GEnx
Thrust 76,000-115,000 lb Thrust 53,000-75,000 lb
Length 729 cm Length 430-470 cm
Diameter 312-325 cm Diameter 265-280 cm
Weight 7,550-8283 kg Weight 5,816 kg
Service entry 1995 Service entry 2011
Aircraft 777 Aircraft 747-8, 787
Flightglobal Insight | 27
commercial engines 2013
V2500
The V2500 powerplant was introduced into service in
May 1989 on Airbus A320s operated by Adria Airways.
The engine also powers the A319 and A321 variants and the
Boeing MD-90.
V2500
Thrust 22,000-33,000 lb
Length 320 cm
Diameter 160 cm
Weight 2,359 kg
Service entry 1989
Aircraft A319, A320, A321, MD-90
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powerjet
PowerJet is a 50:50 joint company which was formed by Snecma of France and NPO Saturn of Russia
in July 2004. Snecma and NPO Saturn began to work together in 1997, when Snecma sub-contracted
the production of CFM56 engine parts to NPO Saturn. PowerJet is responsible for the development
and commercialisation of the SaM146, an engine purpose-designed for regional jets. PowerJet has one
operational unit in France and a second in Russia.
SAM146
The SaM146 engine powers the new Sukhoi Superjet 100
family of regional jets. The engine is a complete propulsion
system comprising engine, nacelle and equipment, featuring
a single-stage high-pressure turbine and a high-pressure
compressor with a reduced number of stages and parts.
NPO Saturn is responsible for the components in the low- Depending on the model (1S15, 1S17 or 1S18), the
pressure section and engine installation on the Superjet 100. SaM146 develops between 15,400lb-thrust and 17,800lb-
thrust to meet thrust requirements for the 70- to 120-seat
The engine underwent its first ground tests in July 2006 regional jet class. The SaM146 meets the most stringent
and its first engine flight tests began in December 2007. In environmental standards both in terms of emissions as well
May 2008, the first flight test of the SaM146 on the Sukhoi as noise.
Superjet 100 was carried out and in May 2010, PowerJet
completed all tests required for certification. The first Sukhoi Superjet 100 was delivered to Armenian
carrier Armavia in April 2011. Aeroflot Russian Airlines has
The type certificate for the SaM146 engine was issued by since received the seven others currently in service.
the European Aviation Safety Agency in June 2010 and by
the Russian certification body in August the same year. As As of May 2013, the order backlog for the Superjet 100 stood
at 165. Kartika Airlines and Pearl Aircraft Leasing both had
order backlogs of 30 aircraft, UTair followed with 24 while
Aeroflot Russian Airlines and Interjet had backlogs of 20
aircraft each.
SaM146
Thrust 15,400-17,800 lb
Length 220 cm
Diameter 122 cm
© Superjet International
Flightglobal Insight | 29
commercial engines 2013
P&W began producing commercial jet engines in the late 1950s for the Boeing 707 and the Douglas DC-
8, with models including the JT3 and the JT4A. The 727, 737 and DC-9 were later powered by the JT8D.
P&W commercial engines have logged more than 1 billion hours of flight powering both the narrowbody and
widebody aircraft that fly passengers and cargo around the world. In October 2011, P&W and Rolls-Royce
unveiled plans to form a new joint venture for the development of new engines powering future mid-size
aircraft in the 120- to 130-seat segment.
JT8D JT9D
There are eight models The JT9D represented P&W’s entry into the high-thrust,
in the JT8D family high-bypass ratio engine market. It was developed to power
covering a thrust range the Boeing 747, which entered service in 1970.
of 14,000lb-thrust to
21,700lb-thrust and The JT9D family of engines comprises three distinct series.
powering 727, 737-100/200, MD-80 and DC-9 aircraft. Since The JT9D-7 engine covers the 46,300lb-thrust to 50,000lb-
the JT8D was first introduced to commercial aviation in thrust range, and the JT9D-7Q series has a 53,000lb-thrust
1964, more than 11,800 JT8D standard engines have been rating. The later -7R4 series, introduced in 1982, covers the
produced. The newer JT8D-200 series entered service in 48,000lb-thrust to 56,000lb-thrust range. These three engine
1980, offering 18,500 to 21,700lb-thrust. It is exclusively types power 747, 767, A300, A310 and DC-10 aircraft.
used in MD-80 series aircraft.
P&W continues to invest in and support the JT9D family
To ensure that the JT8D-200 stays current with environmental of engines. Upgrade programmes are in place to enable
regulations, a low-emissions combustion system known operators to improve durability, increase thrust and reduce
as the E-Kit was developed. The E-Kit is FAR-25 certified noise. These update programmes are provided as JT9D
and reduces JT8D-200 NOx emissions by 25%, unburned Reduced Cost of Ownership Kits.
hydrocarbons by 99% and smoke by 52%. It exceeds all ICAO
standards for newly-produced engines and it also qualifies The JT9D has flown more than 169 million total hours to
for the Swiss Class 5 (cleanest) emissions category. date. More than 600 aircraft
take-offs are accomplished
P&W and Aviation Fleet Solutions have jointly developed a with JT9Ds every day.
noise reduction kit for JT8D-200-powered MD-80 aircraft,
which was certified in 2006. JT9D production ended in
1990. A total of 66 JT9D
As of May 2013, more than 850 JT8D powered aircraft were powered aircraft were still
still in service. active in May 2013.
JT8D JT9D
Thrust 14,000-21,700 lb Thrust 46,300-56,000 lb
Length 304-391 cm Length 325-355 cm
Diameter 101-125 cm Diameter 235 cm
Service entry 1964 Service entry 1970
Aircraft 727, 737-100/200, DC-9, MD-80 Aircraft A300, A310, 747, 767, DC-10
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commercial engines 2013
PW2000 PW4000
The PW2000 was developed for the Boeing 757 in order to The PW4000 was built as the successor to the JT9D in the
compete with Rolls-Royce’s RB211. high-thrust engine market and is certificated for a range of
52,000lb-thrust to 98,000lb-thrust. First delivered in 1987,
The engine entered service with Delta Air Lines, which was the powerplant is now fitted on the 747, 767, 777, A300,
the civil aviation launch customer for the new engine type A310, A330 and MD-11.
in 1984.
There are three PW4000 families, based on fan diameters:
The PW2000 covers a range of 37,000lb-thrust to 94in, 100in and 112in fans. The PW4000 94in fan covers
43,000lb-thrust. It was the first commercial engine 52,000lb-thrust to 62,000lb-thrust. Approved for 180min
with full authority digital electronic control (FADEC) ETOPS, equipped with FADEC and featuring single-crystal
technology. An improved version of the PW2000, the superalloy materials, it powers the 747-400, 767-200/300,
Reduced Temperature Configuration (RTC), was introduced MD-11, A300-600 and A310-300.
in 1994.
The PW4000 100in fan has a capability of 64,500lb-thrust to
The PW2000 is certified to operate 180min extended twin- 70,000lb-thrust and was specifically developed for the A330.
engined operations (ETOPS) and meets all current and It entered service in 1994 with 90min ETOPS approval and
proposed noise and emissions regulations around the world. was approved for 180min ETOPS in 1995.
There are three models of the PW2000 engine: PW2037, The latest version – the PW4170 Advantage 70 – received
PW2040 and PW2043. Introduced into service in 1991 as US Federal Aviation Administration certification on
the F117-PW-100, the PW2040 is exclusively used on the 22 December 2008 and entered service in 2009 with the
four-engined Boeing C-17 Globemaster III military transport. A330-200 Freighter. It is offered both as a new engine and
The model also powers the US Air Force C-32A, the military as an upgrade to existing engines.
version of the 757.
The PW4000 112in fan entered service in 1995 as the launch
The current build standard, launched in 1994, is the PW2043 engine for the 777. It is the largest P&W commercial engine
which provides 43,000lb-thrust. This model is the latest in offering 74,000lb-thrust to 98,000lb-thrust. The PW4098,
the series to power the 757 and the 757-300. The improved with 84,000lb-thrust, was the first engine to enter service
model is known as the PW2000 RTC. already approved for 180min ETOPS, and was subsequently
approved for 207min, the maximum allowable, along with all
MTU Aero Engines holds a 21.2% stake in the engine, having other PW4000 112in models.
developed the low-pressure turbine and turbine exit casing
as well as critical parts A higher-thrust version of the engine, the 90,000lb-thrust
of the turbine exhaust PW4090, powers an increased gross-weight 777. The
casing, high-pressure 98,000lb-thrust PW4098
compressor and high- powers the 777 up to
pressure turbine. 660,000lb take-off weight.
PW2000 PW4000
Thrust 37,000-43,000 lb Thrust 52,000-98,000 lb
Length 360 cm Length 414 cm
Diameter 200 cm Diameter 240-255 cm
Service entry 1984 Service entry 1987
Aircraft 757, Il-96M Aircraft A300, A310, A330, 747, 767, 777, MD-11
Flightglobal Insight | 31
commercial engines 2013
P&W claims that the PW1000G delivers a 12-15% reduction As of May 2013, the PW1000G order backlog stood at
in fuel burn, with up to 15% reduction in CO2 emissions 590, 165, 145 and 128
and up to 50% in NOx emissions and engine noise. The for the A320neo, MRJ,
powerplant uses an advanced gear system which allows the CSeries and MS-21 aircraft
engine’s fan to operate at a different speed from the low- respectively. There were
pressure compressor turbine. also 835 A320neo family
aircraft on order for which
MTU is responsible for supplying the PW1000G’s high speed, an engine selection had yet
three-stage low-pressure turbine and half of the powerplant’s to be announced.
eight-stage high-pressure compressor. The engine was
tested on the P&W-owned 747SP, and the second phase of PW1000G
flight testing was conducted on an A340-600. Thrust 15,000-32,000 lb
Diameter 140-210 cm
The testbed aircraft, with the engine in the number two Service entry 2013 (expected)
pylon position, flew for the first time from Toulouse in
Aircraft A320neo, CSeries, MRJ, MS-21
October 2008.
32 | Flightglobal Insight
commercial engines 2013
Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce was founded in 1906 by Henry Royce and Charles Rolls, and produced its first aircraft engine in
1914. The company has produced commercial jet engines since the 1950s, beginning with the Avon for the
de Havilland Comet and the Sud Aviation Caravelle. The Conway engine came to prominence in the early
1960s and was fitted to the 707, DC-8 and the Vickers VC10. The Spey engine, also produced in the 1960s,
was designed for the BAC One-Eleven and the three-engined Hawker Siddeley Trident.
The development of a high-bypass turbofan engine forced Rolls-Royce into bankruptcy and it was nationalised
by the British government in 1971. However, the company survived and, thanks to the RB211 – the first true
three-spool engine – it became a global player in the airline industry.
RB211
The RB211 family of high-bypass turbofan engines are power the Tupolev Tu-204-120. It entered service in 1992 and
capable of generating 37,400lb-thrust to 60,600lb-thrust and was the first western engine to power a Russian airliner. In
are divided into three series: RB211-22, RB211-524 and 1990 it achieved 180min ETOPS approval on the 757.
RB211-535.
The RB211-535 is currently in service with more than 40
The RB211-22 came into service in 1972 on the Lockheed operators and powers more than 450 Boeing 757 aircraft
L-1011 TriStar aircraft, a year later than originally planned. It around the world. It has accumulated over 60 million flying
was officially superseded by the Trent series in the 1990s. hours and around 24 million cycles.
There are six variants, including the Trent 500, 700, 800, Tay
900, 1000 and the XWB.
Derived from the Spey, the
Trent 700 was the first engine in the family. Optimised for the Rolls-Royce Tay was first
A330 family to deliver power requirements for all weights of run in 1984. The Tay family
that aircraft, it entered service in 1995 with Cathay Pacific. powers the Fokker 70 and
It is rated at 72,000lb-thrust and received 180min ETOPS 100 regional jets as well as
approval in 1996. business jets including the
Gulfstream IV family. It was
Designed for the 777 family, the Trent 800 entered service in also used to re-engine the
1996. It provides between 75,000lb-thrust to 95,000lb-thrust 727 but is no longer used on this aircraft.
and is the lightest engine in its class.
In May 2013, there were 200 active Tay engines in
The Trent 500 came into service in August 2002 with Virgin commercial application in the world, all powering Fokker 70
Atlantic. The variant is optimised for the A340 aircraft to and 100 aircraft.
deliver requirements of 53,000lb-thrust and 56,000lb-thrust
for the A340-500 and A340-600 respectively. Tay
Thrust 13,850-15,100 lb
The Trent 900 is an engine option on the A380 family and is
Length 238 cm
certified at 70,000lb-thrust, 72,000lb-thrust, 76,000lb-thrust
and 80,000lb-thrust. Diameter 114 cm
Weight 1,501 kg
The Trent 1000 was selected in April 2004 by Boeing as one Service entry 1984
of the two engine options to power the 787 Dreamliner. On
Aircraft Fokker 70/100
26 October 2011, the first Trent-powered 787 entered into
service with ANA on a flight from Tokyo to Hong Kong.
The Trent XWB was designed specifically for the A350 XWB AE 3007
family. It will be the sixth member of the Trent family and have
the largest fan yet designed for a Rolls-Royce engine. The Rolls-Royce AE 3007 entered into service in 1995 and
is used on regional, corporate and military aircraft. Regional
The Trent XWB will power the A350-800 and -900, the A350- aircraft powered by this engine include the Embraer ERJ
900 Freighter and the ultra-long-range A350-900R, providing family, with more than
a single engine type across the aircraft family. 1,400 in operation.
Certification of the Trent XWB was awarded by the European The ERJ fleet continues
Aviation Safety Agency in February 2013. Fully-fledged flow- to grow, with more than
line assembly of the XWB should begin by mid-2014, in time 23 million flight hours
for the planned ramp-up in A350 production. accumulated on the
AE 3007A series of
Singapore Airlines is the largest operator of Trents, with 84 powerplants, contributing to the total 32 million flight hours
active aircraft in its fleet equipped with the type. on the engine.
Trent AE 3007
Thrust 53,000-115,000 lb Thrust 6,495-8,917 lb
Length 390-455 cm Length 270 cm
Diameter 250-455 cm Diameter 98 cm
Weight 4,700-6,550 kg Weight 720 kg
Service entry 1995 Service entry 1995
Aircraft A330, A340, A350, A380, 777, 787 Aircraft ERJ-145 family
34 | Flightglobal Insight
commercial engines 2013
BR700
Thrust 14,750-21,000 lb
Length 340-373 cm
Diameter 121-147 cm
Weight 1,632-2,792 kg
Service entry 1994
Aircraft 717
Flightglobal Insight | 35
commercial engines 2013
engine census
Operator listing by commercial engine type
explanatory notes
This census data covers all engines powering commercial number of installed engines on the in-service fleet and, companies and holding companies such as China Aviation
jet aircraft in service or on firm order with airlines where applicable, the number of installed engines for the Supplies are excluded, unless a confirmed end-user is
worldwide. outstanding firm aircraft orders in parentheses in the known – in which case the aircraft is shown against the
The information has been compiled by Flightglobal right-hand column. The census does not include any airline concerned.
Insight using the Ascend Online Fleets database. parked aircraft/engines at the time of the data extraction Operators’ fleets include leased aircraft/engines.
The information is correct up to 1 May 2013 and (1 May 2013). Aircraft/engines being operated on wet-lease are generally
excludes non-airline operators, such as leasing companies The region is listed by operator base and does not listed with the company for which they are being operated,
and the military. Engines are listed in alphabetical order, necessarily indicate the area of operation. Options and and not the airline flying the aircraft on their behalf.
first by manufacturer and then type. letters of intent (where a firm contract has not been signed) The outstanding firm orders information includes airline
Operators are listed by region. Fleet data comprises the are not included. Orders by, and aircraft with, leasing holding companies.
Mango 14
Marsland 4
Mauritania Airlines International 6
Med-View Airline 4
Midwest Airlines (Egypt) (2)
Nasair (Eritrea) 2
Nouvelair Tunisie 20
Nova Airways 2
Precision Air 4
Royal Air Maroc 74 (10)
RwandAir 10
Aviadvigatel PS-90 Total 122 CFM International CFM56 Total 17,054 (4,152) Safair 6
Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 12 Africa Total 762 (56) Senegal Airlines 6
Air Koryo 4 AeroContractors 24 SonAir 4
Jordan International Air Cargo 8 Afriqiyah Airways 18 South African Airways 66
Europe Total 90 Air Algerie 44 Star Air Cargo 2
Aeroflot Russian Airlines 24 Air Arabia Egypt 4 Sudan Airways 2
Aviastar-TU 6 Air Arabia Maroc 10 Syphax Airlines 4
Polet Airlines 12 Air Austral 4 TAAG Angola Airlines 10
Silk Way Airlines 8 Air Cairo 8 TACV - Cabo Verde Airlines 4
Transaero Airlines 8 Air Cote d’Ivoire 4 Tarco Air 2
Vladivostok Air 12 Air Madagascar 14 Tassili Airlines 8
Volga-Dnepr Airlines 20 Air Mauritius 28 Trans Air Cargo Services 4
North/South America Total 20 Air Namibia 16 Trans Air Congo 6
Cubana 20 Alexandria Airlines 4 Tunisair 58 (10)
Allied Air Cargo 2 Westair Benin 2
Almasria Universal Airlines 2 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 5,562 (1,766)
AMC Airlines 2 Air Arabia 52 (54)
Arik Air 26 (16) Air Bishkek 4
ASKY Airlines 6 Air Busan 10
Badr Airlines 2 Air China 376 (92)
Buraq Air 10 Air Do 16
CAA - Compagnie Africaine d'Aviation 4 Air Incheon 2
Camair Co 4 Air India 96
Chanchangi Airlines 2 Air India Express 42
Comair (South Africa) 32 (8) Air New Zealand 22
ECAir 4 Air Niugini 4
EgyptAir 48 Air Tahiti Nui 20
Eritrean Airlines 2 Air Vanuatu 2
Ethiopian Airlines 26 (10)
Fastjet Tanzania 6
flyCongo 2
Gambia Bird 4
Ghadames Air Transport 2
Jubba Airways 2
Kenya Airways 28
Korongo Airlines 2
Kulula 24
Libyan Airlines 16
Linhas Aereas de Mocambique 2
36 | Flightglobal Insight
commercial engines 2013
AirAsia 132 (148) Kunming Airlines 20 (4) Aeroflot Russian Airlines 170 (134)
AirAsia Japan 8 (6) Kuwait Airways 22 Aerosvit Airlines (10)
AirAsia Philippines 4 (6) Kyrgyzstan 4 Aigle Azur 26
Airblue 20 (30) Lao Airlines 8 Air Berlin 180 (90)
Airwork (NZ) 4 Lao Central Airlines 4 Air Bucharest 2
ANA - All Nippon Airways 114 (18) Lion Air 174 (240) Air Contractors 8
ANA Wings 32 Lucky Air 40 (2) Air Corsica 10
Ariana Afghan Airlines 4 Mahan Air 4 Air Europa 36 (34)
Asiana Airlines 4 Malaysia Airlines 136 (54) Air France 330 (10)
Australian Air Express 8 Maldivian 2 Air Italy 14
AVE.COM 2 Malindo Air 4 Air Malta 22
Avia Traffic Company 6 Mena Aerospace 4 Air Mediterranee 20
Batik Air 4 Merpati 16 Air Moldova 2
Biman Bangladesh Airlines 4 (4) MIAT - Mongolian Airlines 4 (6) Air One 18
Capital Airlines 32 Middle East Airlines 6 Air Onix Airlines 6
Cardig Air 6 Mongolian Airlines 4 AirBaltic 26
Cathay Pacific 44 Myanmar Airways International 4 AirExplore 4
CDI Cargo Airlines 4 Nasair 22 (40) Airzena - Georgian Airways 4
Cebu Pacific Air 70 (36) Neptune Air 4 AlbaStar 6
Chang An Airlines 8 Nok Air 20 Alitalia 184 (4)
Chengdu Airlines 20 Okay Airways 18 (18) Alrosa Mirny Air Enterprise 2
China Airlines 46 (6) Oman Air 34 (12) Anadolu Jet 48
China Aviation Supplies (12) Orient Thai Airlines 10 Arkefly 10
China Eastern Airlines 290 (124) Our Airline 6 Atlantic Airlines 4
China Eastern Airlines Jiangsu 54 Pakistan International Airlines 6 Atlantic Airways (Faroe Islands) 2
China Eastern Yunnan 88 PAL Express 28 Atlasjet Airlines 8
China Postal Airlines 36 Peach 16 (24) Atran 4
China Southern Airlines 362 (108) Pegasus Airlines Asia 4 Aurela 2
China United Airlines 26 Petra Airlines 4 Austrian 58
China Xinhua Airlines 16 Philippine Airlines 56 Aviatrans K 2
Chongqing Airlines 2 Qantas 128 (22) Avion Express 2
Citilink 42 (38) Qeshm Airlines 2 Azerbaijan Airlines 20
City Airways 4 RAK Airways 4 B&H Airlines (4)
Dalian Airlines 10 Royal Falcon Airlines 4 Belair 16
Donghai Airlines 14 Royal Jordanian 16 Belavia 22
Druk Air 6 (2) Royal Wings 2 Belle Air Europe 2
East Air 6 Safi Airways 4 BH Air 4
Eastar Jet 16 Saudia 108 Blue Air 12
Eastern Express 2 SCAT 12 Blue Panorama Airlines 4
Eastern SkyJets 8 SF Airlines 8 Bluebird Airways 2
El Al 34 (12) Shaheen Air International 12 Bluebird Cargo 10
Emirates Airline 20 Shandong Airlines 116 (16) Blu-Express 8
Etihad Airways 2 Shanghai Airlines 96 (14) British Airways 42
Eva Air 8 (16) Shenzhen Airlines 182 (30) Brussels Airlines 38
Express Air 8 SilkAir (46) Bulgaria Air 8
Fiji Airways 8 Sky Aviation 2 Cargo Air 6
FireFly 4 Skymark Airlines 58 (2) Carpatair 2
FlyDubai 56 (46) Solaseed Air 24 (4) Condor 28
Gading Sari Aviation Services 4 Solomon Airlines 2 Corendon Airlines 12
Garuda Indonesia 124 (42) Somon Air 12 Corendon Dutch Airlines 6
Global Jet Airlines 6 SpiceJet 74 (66) Croatia Airlines 14 (8)
GoAir 30 (10) Spring Airlines 72 (6) CSA Czech Airlines 30 (14)
Grand China Air 6 Spring Airlines Japan 2 Donavia 16
Gulf Air 32 SriLankan Airlines 34 EasyJet 376 (28)
Hainan Airlines 174 (26) Sriwijaya Air 66 EasyJet Switzerland 44
Hebei Airlines 16 Star Flyer 18 (8) Edelweiss Air 8
Hong Kong Airlines 16 (32) Tajik Air 6 Enter Air 24
Hong Kong Express Airways 4 Thai AirAsia 58 (10) Europe Airpost 30
Indonesia Air Transport 2 Thai Airways International 10 Finnair 78
Indonesia AirAsia 46 (18) Tianjin Airlines 4 FlyGeorgia 6
Iran Air 6 Tibet Airlines 12 (6) Freebird Airlines 6
Iran Aseman Airlines 4 Toll Priority 10 Germania 24 (4)
Iraqi Airways 10 Tri MG Airlines 2 Germanwings 24
JAL Express 76 Trigana Air 6 Globus 26
Japan Airlines 22 (2) Turkmenistan Airlines 14 (6) Hamburg Airways 8
Japan TransOcean Air 28 T'way 10 Hamburg International (4)
Jazeera Airways 14 (6) Uzbekistan Airways 18 Hi Fly 4
Jeju Air 24 (10) VietJet Air 12 (6) Holidays Czech Airlines 4
Jet Airways 108 (84) Vietnam Airlines 8 Iberia 150 (10)
JetConnect 16 Virgin Australia 120 (84) Iberia Express 34 (2)
JetKonnect 32 Virgin Australia (New Zealand) 20 JAT Airways 12
Jin Air 18 Virgin Samoa 2 Jet Time 26
Jordan Aviation 16 Xiamen Airlines 162 (34) Jet2 70
Juneyao Airlines 58 (14) Yangtze River Express 28 Jetairfly 30
Kalstar 2 Europe Total 5,726 (860) KLM Royal Dutch Airlines 92
Korean Air 80 (4) Aer Lingus 72 LOT Charters 2
Flightglobal Insight | 37
commercial engines 2013
LOT Polish Airlines 4 Air Canada Jetz 10 CFM International LEAP Total (2,916)
Lufthansa 354 (38) Air Jamaica 8 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total (1,324)
Luxair 10 (2) Air North 6 Air China (10)
Meridiana fly 8 Alaska Airlines 254 (62) AirAsia (528)
Mistral Air 12 Allegiant Air 4 China Eastern Airlines (10)
MNG Airlines 2 American Airlines 412 (200) China Southern Airlines (10)
Monarch Airlines 16 Avianca 104 (8) Citilink (20)
Moskovia Airlines 6 Avianca (Brazil) 20 Hainan Airlines (40)
Neos 12 AviancaTaca Group (36) Jetstar (156)
Niki 40 (4) Bahamasair 4 Lion Air (402)
Nordavia - Regional Airlines 18 Boliviana de Aviacion 18 Sichuan Airlines (40)
Nordwind Airlines 4 Canadian North 10 SilkAir (62)
Norwegian 146 (128) Canjet Airlines 22 Virgin Australia (46)
Olympic Air 4 Caribbean Airlines 22 Europe Total (292)
Orbest 4 (2) Cayman Airways 8 Icelandair (32)
Orenair 48 Conviasa 8 Norwegian (200)
Pegasus Airlines 80 (10) Copa Airlines 112 (58) SAS (60)
Primera Air Scandinavia 14 Copa Airlines Colombia 8 North/South America Total (1,300)
Rossiya - Russian Airlines 50 Cubana 8 Aeromexico (120)
Ryanair 606 Delta Air Lines 414 (214) Alaska Airlines (74)
S7 Airlines 72 (64) Enerjet 6 American Airlines (200)
SAM Air 2 Estafeta Carga Aerea 8 AviancaTaca Group (66)
SAS 196 (6) Estelar Latinoamerica 2 Frontier Airlines (160)
SAT Airlines 2 Flair Airlines 6 GOL Linhas Aereas Inteligentes (120)
SATA International 8 Frontier Airlines 108 Southwest Airlines (300)
Sky Airlines 10 (2) GOL Linhas Aereas Inteligentes 214 (152) United Airlines (200)
Small Planet Airlines (Italy) 2 Interjet 74 (8) Virgin America (60)
Small Planet Airlines (Lithuania) 4 LAN Airlines 72 (104)
Small Planet Airlines (Poland) 2 LAN Colombia 12
Smartlynx 4 Magnicharters 14
Smartlynx Estonia 2 Miami Air International 14
Smartwings 8 Northern Air Cargo 4
Solinair 2 PAL Airlines 2
SunExpress 46 Peruvian Airlines 8
SunExpress Germany 14 PopBrasil 2
Swiftair 12 Sideral Air Cargo 4
Swiss 136 (2) Sky Airline 18
Tailwind Airlines 8 Sky King 6
Taimyr Air - NordStar 20 Southwest Airlines 1226 (324)
TAP Portugal 94 Sun Country Airlines 32
TAROM 26 Sunwing Airlines 42 (2)
Tatarstan Air 12 Surinam Airways 8
Thomas Cook Airlines 22 (12) Taca Costa Rica 4
Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium 8 Taca International Airlines 6
Thomas Cook Airlines Scandinavia 16 (24) TAM Linhas Aereas 98 (4)
Thomson Airways 64 TAME 4
Titan Airways 8 Tiara Air 2
TNT Airways 28 United Airlines 484 (178)
Transaero Airlines 80 (24) US Airways 284 (8)
Transavia Airlines 66 (4) Varig - VRG Linhas Aereas 40
Transavia France 22 Virgin America 106 (20)
Travel Service Airlines 8 Vision Airlines 6
Travel Service Hungary 4 VivaAerobus 44 Engine Alliance GP7200 Total 180 (356)
Travel Service Poland 2 VivaColombia 10 Africa Total (8)
Travel Service Slovakia 2 WestJet 206 (64) Air Austral (8)
TUIfly 42 (16) Xtra Airways 10 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 148 (332)
TUIFly Nordic AB 14 Emirates Airline 124 (236)
Turkish Airlines (THY) 164 (32) Etihad Airways (40)
Ukraine International Airlines 48 Korean Air 24 (16)
Ural Airlines 50 (14) Qatar Airways (40)
UTair 96 (120) Europe Total 32 (16)
UTair Ukraine 6 Air France 32 (16)
Virgin Atlantic Airways 24
Vladivostok Air 12
Vueling Airlines 102
Wind Rose Aviation Company 12
WOW air 4
XL Airways France 4
Yakutia Airlines 12
Yamal Airlines 24
North/South America Total 5,004 (1,470)
Aerocaribbean 2
Aerogal 16
Aerolineas Argentinas 92 (14)
Aeromexico 88 (14)
Air Canada 168
38 | Flightglobal Insight
commercial engines 2013
Flightglobal Insight | 39
commercial engines 2013
40 | Flightglobal Insight
commercial engines 2013
Flightglobal Insight | 41
Aviation data
you can trust to
navigate today’s
challenging market
Flightglobal Insight | 43
commercial engines 2013
44 | Flightglobal Insight
commercial engines 2013
Hawaiian Airlines (32) Asiana Airlines 48 (4) North/South America Total 993
JetBlue Airways (80) Biman Bangladesh Airlines 4 ABX Air 4
Republic Airways Holdings (80) Business Air 4 Aeromexico 10
SkyWest Airlines (200) Cathay Pacific 48 Air Canada 18
Trans States Holdings (100) China Airlines 36 Air Caraibes 10
China Cargo Airlines 12 Atlas Air 16
China Eastern Airlines 6 Boliviana de Aviacion 2
China Southern Airlines 30 (4) Caribbean Airlines 4
El Al 44 Delta Air Lines 196
Etihad Airways 2 Evergreen International Airlines 8
Fiji Airways 8 FedEx 144
Hainan Airlines 6 Hawaiian Airlines 22
Hong Kong Airlines 12 LAN Airlines 2
Iraqi Airways 4 Omni Air International 4
Japan Airlines 44 SBA Airlines 4
Jet Asia Airways 2 Sky Lease Cargo 15
Jordan Aviation 2 Southern Air 8
Kingfisher Airlines (30) TAM Linhas Aereas 28
Pratt & Whitney PW2000 Total 718 Korean Air 242 (12) United Airlines 270
Africa Total 14 Lion Air 8 UPS Airlines 187
Ethiopian Airlines 12 Mahan Air 2 US Airways 18
TACV - Cabo Verde Airlines 2 Malaysia Airlines 42 (6) World Airways 23
Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 38 Maximus Air 6 Pratt & Whitney PW6000 Total 20
China Cargo Airlines 4 Nasair 4 North/South America Total 20
Shanghai Airlines 20 Orient Thai Airlines 8 Avianca (Brazil) 20
Tajik Air 4 Pakistan International Airlines 6
Uzbekistan Airways 10 Qatar Airways 2
Europe Total 60 Royal Jordanian 6
Air Bashkortostan 6 Saudia 26
Finnair 8 Shanghai Airlines 8
Nordwind Airlines 14 Silk Road Cargo Business 2
OpenSkies 4 Singapore Airlines Cargo 48
UTair 12 Thai Airways International 40
VIM Airlines 16 TMA 2
North/South America Total 606 United Airways 4
ATI - Air Transport International 6 Uzbekistan Airways 18 (4)
Delta Air Lines 324 Vietnam Airlines 26
DHL Aero Expreso 6 Yemenia 6
FedEx 22 Europe Total 240
United Airlines 178 Air Greenland 2
UPS Airlines 70 Air Berlin 26
Arkefly 4
Austrian 12
Blue Panorama Airlines 6
Brussels Airlines 8
Cargolux 8
Condor 18
Corsair 16
Edelweiss Air 2
EuroAtlantic airways 4
Pratt & Whitney PW300 Total 24 European Air Transport 28
Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 2 Hi Fly 2
Express Air 2 Ifly 2
Europe Total 18 LOT Polish Airlines 2
Air Vallee 4 Martinair 22
Sun-Air of Scandinavia 14 MNG Airlines 2
North/South America Total 4 Nordwind Airlines 2
Calm Air 2 Orenair 6
Key Lime Air 2 Pullmantur Air 12
Pratt & Whitney PW4000 Total 2282 (72) SATA International 2
Africa Total 39 TAP Portugal 12
Air Madagascar 2 TAROM 2
Air Zimbabwe 2 Transaero Airlines 36
AV Cargo Airlines 3 Turkish Airlines (THY) 4
Camair Co 2
Egyptair 6
Ethiopian Airlines 20
Sudan Airways 4
Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 1010 (72)
Air Astana (8)
Air China 54
Air China Cargo 44
Air Hong Kong 4
Air India 20
Air Niugini 4
ANA - All Nippon Airways 66 (4)
Flightglobal Insight | 45
commercial engines 2013
46 | Flightglobal Insight
commercial engines 2013
Flightglobal Insight | 47
Born different
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